The
`.
`American.
`HeritageDictionary
`of the English Language
`
`FOURTH EDITION
`
`
`
`¢ HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY
`
`AR Boston NewYork
`
`IPR2022-01308
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`Wordsare included in this Dictionary onthe basis of their usage.
`Wordsthat are knownto havecurrenttrademarkregistrations are
`shownwith aninitial capital andare also identified as trademarks. No
`investigation has been made of common-law trademarkrights in any
`word, because suchinvestigation is impracticable. The inclusion of any
`word in this Dictionaryis not, however, an expression of the
`Publisher’s opinion as to whetherornotit is subject to proprietary
`rights. Indeed, no definition in this Dictionaryis to be regarded as
`affecting the validity of any trademark.
`
`American Heritage® andtheeagle logo are registered trademarksof
`Forbes Inc. Their use is pursuantto a license agreement with
`ForbesInc.
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`Copyright © 2000 Houghton Mifflin Company.All rights reserved.
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`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`The American Heritage dictionary of the English language.—4th ed.
`pe. i
`ISBN 0-395-82517-2 (hardcover) — ISBN 0-618-08230-1
`(hardcover with CD ROM)
`1. English language—Dictionaries
`PE1628 .A623 2000
`423-dc21
`
`00-025369
`
`Manufactured in the United States of America
`
`IPR2022-01308
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`

`DaeSERENESSERSRSSS
`
`Enugu | eon
`
`Eenuegu (a-noo/goo) A city of southeast Nigeria east of the Niger
`enevieronemenetaleism (én-vi'ran-mén/tl-iz’am, -vi'arn-)
`River.It developedas a coal-miningcenterin the early 1900s. Population:
`1. Advocacy for or work toward protecting the natural environmen,
`
`from destruction orpollution. 2. The theory that environment Tathe,
`eenuemereaeble(i-noo/mar-a-bal, -nyoo’-) adj. Capable of being
`than heredityis the primaryinfluenceonintellectual growth and Cultura
`development. —enevi’ronemen/taleist n.
`.
`put into one-to-one correspondencewiththepositive integers; denumer-
`environmental medicine n. See clinical ecology.
`able. —eenu/mereaebly adv.
`eenuemereate (i-no0/ma-rat’,
`-nyoo/-)
`trv. -ateed,
`-ateing,
`enevierons(én-vilranz, -vi/arnz) pl.n. 1. A surrounding area, espe
`
`
`
`-ates 1.Tocountoff or nameoneby one;list: A spokesperson enumer-
`cially of a city. 2. Surroundings; environment. {French, from Ok
`French,pl. of environ, circuit, from environ, round about. See ENVIR
`ated thestrikers’ demands, 2. To determine the numberof; count. {Latin
`énumerare, énumerat-, to count out : é-, ex-, ex- + mumerus, number; see
`eneviseage(én-viz/ij) trv. aged, -ageing, -agees 1. To conceiy,
`nem- in Appendix I.] —eenu/merea/tion n. —eenu/merea’tive
`an image ora picture of, especially as a future possibility: envisaged ,
`
`(-ma-ra’tiv, -mar-a-) adj. —eenu/merea’tor n.
`
`world at peace. 2. To considerorregard in a certain way. {French envis
`
`ager : Old French en-, in; see EN—-' + Old French visage, face; see vis
`eenunecieate(i-niin/sé-at’)_v. -ateed, -ateing, -ates —tr. 1. To
`
`pronounce;articulate. 2. Tostate orset forth precisely or systematically:
`eneviesion (én-vizh/an) tr.v. -sioned,-sionsing, -sions To picty;,
`in the mind; imagine.
`enunciate a doctrine. 3. To announce; proclaim. —intr. To pronounce
`
`enevoi(én/voi’, dn/-) 1. Variant of envoy?.
`words; speak aloud. [Latin éntintidre, éntintiat-:é-, ex-, ex- + niintidre,
`
`to announce(from niintius, messenger;
`see neu- in Appendix I).] —ee
`enevoy'(én/voi’, dn/-) n. 1. A representative of a governmentwh,
`nun/cieaeble(-a-bal) adj. —eenun’ciea/tion n. —eenun/ciea’tive
`is sent on aspecial diplomatic mission. 2. A minister plenipotentiar
`(-sé-a'tiv, -sé-a-tiv) adj. —eenun/ciea’tiveely adj. —eenun/ciea’-
`assignedto a foreign embassy, ranking next below the ambassador, 3,
`,
`torn.
`messenger; an agent. [French envoyé, messenger, from past Participle o
`eneure(in-yoor’)
`v. Variantof inure.
`envoyer, to send, from Old French envoier, from Late Latin inviare, to
`eneuereesis (én’ya-ré/sis)
`_n. The uncontrolled or involuntary dis-
`onthe way: Latin in-, in, on; see EN-' + Latin via, way; see Wegh.-;
`AppendixI.]
`charge of urine. {NewLatin, from Greek enourein, to urinate in : en-, in;
`
`
`+ ourein, to urinate.] —en/ueret/ic (-rét/ik) adj.
`enevoy?also enevoi (&n/voi’, bn/-) n. 1, A short closing stanza j
`certain verse forms, such as the ballade orsestina, dedicating the poer
`eneveleop (én-vél/ap) tr.v. -oped, -opeing, -ops 1. Toenclose or
`to a patron or summarizing its main ideas. 2. The concluding Portio
`encase completely with or as if with a covering: “Accompanying the dark-
`of a prose work ora play. [Middle English envoie, from Old French,
`ness, a stillness envelopsthe city” (Curtis Wilkie). 2. To attack (an enemy’s
`sending away, conclusion, from envoier, to send. See ENVOY'.]
`,
`flank). [Middle English envolupen,
`to be involved in, from Old French
`enevy(én/ve) 1., pl. -vies 1a. Afeeling of discontent andresentmer
`envoluper, envoloper: en-, in; see EN—' + voloper, to wrap up.] —enevel/-
`aroused by and in conjunction with desire for the possessionsorqualitic
`opeern. —enevel/opementn.
`of another. b. The object of such feeling: Their new pool madethemt}
`eneveelope (én/va-lop’, bn/-) n. 1. A flat paper container,especially
`envyoftheir neighbors. 2. Obsolete Malevolence. *tr.v. -vied,-vyeing
`foraletter, usually having a gummedflap. 2. Something that envelops;
`-vies 1. To feel envy toward. 2. To regard with envy. [Middle Englis
`a wrapping. 3. Biology An enclosing structure or cover, such as a mem-
`
`envie, from Old French, from Latin invidia, from invidus, envious,fro,
`braneorthe outer coat of a virus.
`4. The bag containing the gas in a
`invidere,
`to look at with envy: in-, in, on; see EN-'
`+ videre,
`tosee;s
`balloon orairship. 5. Thesetof limitations within whicha technological
`weid- in AppendixI. V., from Middle English envien, from OldFrenc
`stem,especiallyanaircraft, can performsafelyand effectively. 6. The
`
`envier, fromLatin invidére.| —en/vieer n. —en/vyeingely adv.
`
`comaof a comet. 7. Mathematics A curve or surface that is tangent to
`every one of a family of curves or surfaces. —idiom: push the en-
`Synonymsenvy, begrudge, covet These verbs meantofeel resentful«
`
`velope 1. To increase the operating capabilities of a technologicals
`
`painful desire for another’s advantages or possessions. Envy,
`the mo
`tem. 2. To exceed the existing limits in a certain field; be innovativ
`
`general, combines discontent, resentment, and desire: “WhenI peru
`{French enveloppe, from envelopper, to envelop, from OldFrench envol-
`
`the conqueredfame of heroes andthe victories of mightygenerals, I don
`oper. See E
`oP.]
`
`envythe generals” (Walt Whitman). Begrudgestressesill will and relu
`tance to acknowledge another's right or claim: Why begrudge him}
`Usage Note The word envelope was borrowed into English from
`success? Covet stresses a secret or culpable longing for something
`French during the early 18th century, and thefirst syllable acquired the
`
`which onehas no right: “We hate no people andcovet nopeople's lana
`pronunciation (6n) as an approximationto the nasalized French pronun-
`(Wendell L. Willkie).
`
`ciation. Gradually the word has becomeanglicized further and is now
`
`most commonly pronounced (én/va-lop’). The earlier pronunciationis
`enewind(én-wind’) try.
`-wound (-wound’), -windeing, -win
`still considered acceptable, however. A recent survey reveals that
`the
`To windaround or about.
`(6n/-) pronunciation for the wordenvelopeis used by 30 percent of the
`enewomb(én-woom/) tr.v. -wombed, -wombeing, -wombs
`Usage Panel and is recognizedas anacceptable variant by about 20per-
`enclose in orasif in a womb.
`centof those Panelists who normallyuse the (én/-) pronunciation. Other
`enewrap (én-rip’) tr.v. -wrapped, -wrapeping, -wraps 1a."
`
`similar words borrowed fromFrenchin the modernperiod include envoy
`wrap up;enclose. b. To envelop. 2. To absorb completely; engro:
`(17th century), encore, ennui, ensemble, entree (18th century), entourage,
`enwrappedbythe fascinatingtale.
`and entrepreneur (19th century). Most retain their pseudo-French pro-
`enewreathe
` (én-réth’)
`try,
`-wreathed,
`-wreathein
`nunciations, with the exception of envoy, which,like envelope,
`is mainly
`-wreathes To surroundwith oras if with a wreath.
`pronounced with (én) now.
`
`
`enezoroteic (én’z6-ot/ik) adj. Affecting or peculiar to animals 0
`
`
`specific geographic area. Used of a disease. n. An enzootic disea
`eneveneom (én-vén/am) tr.v. -omed, -omeing, -oms 1. To make
`
`{EN + Z0(O)— + -OTIC.]
`‘lo embitter. [Middle English envenimen,
`poisonousor noxious.
`2.
`to
`poison, from Old French envenimer: en-, cover with; see EN—' + venim,
`enezyme(én/zim) n. Any of numerousproteins or conjugated pr
`venom; see VENOM. ]
`teins produced byliving organisms and functioningas biochemical ¢
`alysts. [German Enzym, from Medieval Greek enziimos, leavened : Gre
`enevieaeble (én/vé-a-bal) adj. So desirable as to arouse envy: “the
`enviable English quality of being able to be mute without unrest” (Henry
`en-,
`in; see EN—? + Greek ziimé,
`leaven, yeast.] —en/zyematiic (-
`James). —en/vieaebly adv.
`matfik), enezy/mic (-zifmik, -zim/ik) adj. —en’zyemat/iecal*
`
`enezy/miecalely adv.
`enevieous (én/vé-as) adj. 1. Feeling, expressing, or characterized by
`
`
`
`enezyemoleoegy (én!za-mdl’,
`) n. The branch ofs
`i
`envy:“At times he regarded the woundedsoldiers in an envious way. ... He
`5. en
`deals with the biochemical nature andactivity of enzyme:
`wished thathe, too, had a wound,ared badge of courage” (Stephen Crane).
`mol/oegist n.
`See synonymsat jealous. 2. Archaic Eager to emulate; emulous. —en’-
`EO abbr. executive order
`vieousely adv. —en/vieouseness n.
`e.0. abbr. Latinex officio (byvirtue of office)
`eneviero (én-vi/rd) n., pl. -ros Informal An environmentalist.
`
`
`e@0- pref. Mostprimitive;earliest: eohippus, [From Greek
`enevieron (én-vi/ran, -vi/arn) try. -roned, -roneing, -rons ‘To en-
`
`aus- in Appendix
`I
`.
`circle; surround. See synonyms at surround. {Middle English envi-
`rounen, from Old French environner, from environ, roundabout: en-, in;
`Eeoecene(éa-sén’) adj. Of or belonging to the geologic time,
`see EN-' + viron,circle (fromvirer, to turn; see
`series, or sedimentary deposits of the second epochofthe Tertiary
`
`enevieronement(én-vi/ran-mant,-vi/arn-) 1. 1. The circumstanc-
`od, characterized by warm climates and the rise of most modern 7
`malian families. See table at geologic time. “ n. The Eocene ©
`es or conditions that surround one; surroundings. 2. Thetotality of cir-
`orits system of deposits.
`cumstances surrounding an organismor group of organisms,especially:
`
`EOEabbr. equal opportunity employer
`|
`a. The combinationof external physical conditionsthataffect and influ-
`
`eeoehipepus(é/6-hip/as) 1. Hyracotherium. [New Latin:
`ence the growth, development, and survival of organisms: “Weshall never
`Greek hippos, horse; see ekwo- in Appendix I.]
`understand the natural environmentuntil wesee it as aliving organism”
`Relating
`
`
`eeoeliean also aeeoeliean (&-0/lé-an, &-dl/yan)
`adj.
`(Paul Brooks).
`b. The complex ofsocial and cultural conditionsaffecting
`caused by, or carried by the wind. [From AEOL
`the nature of an individual or community. 3. Computer Science a. The
`
`entire set of conditions under whichoneoperates a computer, asit relates
`ate
`
`e°oelith (é-lith’) n. A crudestoneartifact, such as aflake. atl
`
`
`to the hardware, operating platform, or operating system. b. An areaof
`E*oelitheic
`(é/a-lith/ik) adj. Of or relating to the postuls tins
`a computer's memory used bythe operating system and some programs_period of humanculture preceding the LowerPaleolithic. N°
`
`t)
`nig
`to store certain variables to which they need frequentaccess
`tific use.
`ft)
`highs i”
`Eeoelus(é-6d/las), Mount Apeak, 4,295.3 m (14,083
`enevieronemenetal (én-vi'ran-mén/tl, -vi’arn-) adj. 1. Of, relat-
`
`San Juan Mountains of southwest Colorado.
`ing to, or associated with the environment. 2. Relating to or being con-
`
`cernedwith the ecological impactof altering the environment. 3. Med-
`EOM abbr. end of month
`eri!
`icine Of or relating to potentially harmful factors originating in the
`eonalso aeeon(&6n’, ean) n. 1. An indefinitely 1078 Pi
`ning
`.
`.
`waste
`aneui/raneman/talely adv
`time: an age. 2. Thelongestdivisionof geologic time, cont!
`
` 0
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