`American,
`.
`Heritage Dictionar
`of the English Language
`
`FOURTH EDITION
`
`
`
`¢ HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY
`
`Ry Boston New York
`
`IPR2022-01308
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`

`Wordsare includedin this Dictionary on thebasis of their usage.
`Wordsthat are knownto have current trademarkregistrationsare
`shownwith aninitial capital and are also identified as trademarks. No
`investigation has been made of common-law trademark rights in any
`word, because such investigation is impracticable. The inclusion of any
`wordin this Dictionary is not, however, an expression of the
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`rights. Indeed, no definition in this Dictionary is to be regarded as
`affecting the validity of any trademark.
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`American Heritage® andthe eagle logo are registered trademarks of
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`Copyright © 2000 Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`The American Heritage dictionary of the English language.—4th ed.
`p.
`cm
`ISBN 0-395-82517-2 (hardcover) — ISBN 0-618-08230-1
`(hardcover with CD ROM)
`1. English language—Dictionaries
`PE1628 .A623 2000
`423—dc21
`
`00-025369
`
`Manufactured in the United States of America
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`

`countypalatine | course
`
`
`
`Word History A Roman might have haddifficulty predicting what
`would becomeofthe Latin word colaphus, which meant“a blow with the
`ist.” In Old French,a language that developed from Latin, the Late Latin
`wordcolpus, derived from colaphus, becamecolp, or modern Frenchcoup,
`with the samesense. Coup has had a rich developmentin French,gaining
`numeroussenses,participating in numerousphrases, such as coup d’état,
`and giving rise to many derivatives, including couper, “to divide with a
`bloworstroke, to cut.” Couper yielded the word coupon, “a portion that
`is cut off,” which cameto refer to a certificate that was detachable from
`a principalcertificate. The detachable certificate could be exchanged for
`interest or dividend paymentsby the holder of the principal certificate.
`Couponis first recorded in English in 1822 with this sense and then came
`o apply to formsortickets, detachable or otherwise, that could be ex-
`changedforvarious benefits or used to request information.
`
`oble-
`lains,
`wers
`er his
`land,
`‘sem-
`Ig SO-
`
`terri-
`opu-
`. The
`in his
`le by
`ry. 4,
`jury.
`of the
`untry
`. mil-
`other
`| con-
`from
`
`, usU-
`
`1UOUS
`
`yrigin
`
`couples. 2. Theact of uniting sexually. 3. A device that links or connects.
`4. Electronics Transfer of energy from onecircuit to another. 5. The body
`part of a four-footed animal that connects the hindquartersto the fore-
`quarters.
`couepon(koo/pon’, kyoo/-) n. 1. A negotiable certificate attached
`to a bondthat represents a sum of interest due. 2a. Oneofa set of de-
`tachablecertificates that may be torn off and redeemed as needed: a food
`coupon. b. A detachable part,as of a ticket or advertisement, thatentitles
`the bearerto certain benefits, such as a cash refundorgift. c. A certificate
`accompanying a product that may be redeemedfor a cash discount. d.
`A printed form, as in an advertisement, to be used as an order blank or
`for requesting information or obtaining a discount on merchandise. 3.
`A detachable slip calling for periodic payments, as for merchandise
`bought on aninstallmentplan. [French, from Old Frenchcolpon,piece
`cut off, from colper, to cut, from colp, blow. See CouP.]
`
`
`
`
`aunty’ especially for the competitive showingoflivestock and farm
`coun?
`produ alatine 1., pl. counties palatine The domainof a count
`coul
`in EnglandorIreland.
`palatine
`at n. A townorcity that is the administrative centerofits
`county se
`county
`town 1. Chiefly British A countyseat. Also called shire town.
`coun ewide (koun/té-wid’)
`adv. & adj. Throughout a whole
`7 , found at locations countywide; a countywide search.
`¢ s kod) 1. pl. coups (kooz) 1. A brilliantly executed stratagem; a
`cou hn, 2a. A coup d’état. b. A sudden appropriation of leadership or
`ee takeover: a boardroomcoup. 3. Amongcertain Native American
`a a feat of bravery performedin battle, especially the touching of
`peolan
`P comny’ body without causing injury. —idiom: count coup
`- certain Native American peoples, to ceremoniously recount one’s
`Pe in battle. [French, stroke, from Old French colp, from Late Latin
`explo” from Latin colaphus, from Greek kolaphos.]|
`colpu’ de grace (koo!da gris’) n., pl. coups de grace (k60’) 1. A
`eTou delivered to endthe misery of a mortally woundedvictim. 2.
`detnishing stroke or decisive event. [French : coup, stroke + de, of +
`griice, mercy.)
`mF
`e
`:
`sr
`coup de main (koo! da man’) n., pl. coups de main (koo’) A
`gudden action undertaken to surprise an enemy.[French : coup, stroke,
`plow + de, of + main, hand.]
`coul d'éetat (koo’ da-ta’) n., pl. coups d’état (koo’) or coup
`ratats (da-tiiz’) The sudden overthrow of a government by a usually
`gmall group of persons in or previously in positions of authority.
`[French: coup, blow, stroke + de, of + état, state.]
`.
`coup de théeaetre (koo’ da ta-a/tra) n., pl. coups de theatre
`(koo’) 1. A sudden dramatic turn of events in a play. 2. An unexpected
`coueponeing (koo/pén'ing, kyoo’-) n. The sending outor turning
`and sensationalevent,especially one that reverses or negates a prevailing
`in of coupons, especially the regular redemption of a manufacturer’s
`situation. [French : coup, stroke + de, of + théatre, theater.]
`couponfor cash.
`coup d‘oeil (koo! deeya) 1., pl. coups d’oeil (koo’) A quick sur-
`coureage(kir/ij, kiir’-) 1. The state or quality of mindorspirit that
`vey; a glance. [French coup d’ceil : coup, stroke + de, of + oeil, eye.]
`enables one to face danger,fear, or vicissitudes with self-possession, con-
`coupe’ (ksop) 1. 1a. A dessert of ice cream orfruit-flavoredice, gar-
`fidence, and resolution; bravery.
`[Middle English corage, from Old
`nished and served in a special dessert glass. b. The stemmedglass in
`French, from Vulgar Latin *coraticum, from Latin cor, heart. See kerd-
`which a coupeis served. 2. A shallow, bowl-shaped dessertdish. [French,
`in Appendix I.]
`cup, from Late Latin cuppa.]
`couera*geous(ka-ra/jas) adj. Having or characterized by courage;
`coupe? (koop) n. Variant of coupé(sense 2).
`valiant. See synonymsat brave. —couera/geousely adv. —couera/-
`couepé (kdo-pa’) 1. 1. A closed four-wheel carriage with two seats
`geouseness n.
`inside and one outside. 2. also coupe (koop) A closed two-doorauto-
`couerante(koo-rant’) n. 1. A 17th-century French dance character-
`mobile. ae from past participle of couper, to cut, from coup, blow.
`ized by runningand gliding steps to an accompanimentintriple time. 2.
`See COUP.
`Music The second movementof the classical baroquesuite, typically fol-
`Couepeerrin (koo-pa-ran’, koop-ran’), Francois 1668-1733. French
`lowing the allemande. [French, from femininepresent participle of cou-
`composer who wascourtorganist at Versailles during the reign of Louis
`rir, to run, from Old French courre, from Latin currere. See kers- in Ap-
`XIV.
`pendix I.]
`coueple(kiip/al) n. 1. Two items of the same kind; a pair. 2. Some-
`Coureanetynealso Coeranetijn (kor/an-tin’, kér/-) A river rising
`thing that joins or connects two things together; a link. 3. (used with a
`in southeast Guyana and flowing about 724 km(450 mi) to the Atlantic
`sing. or pl. verb) a. Two people united, as by betrothal or marriage. b.
`Ocean. It forms the Guyana-Surinameborderin its lower course.
`Twopeople together. 4. InformalA few;several: a couple of days. 5. Phys-
`Courebet (koor-ba’, -bé/), Gustave 1819-1877. French painter
`ics A pair of forces of equal magnitude acting in parallel but opposite
`knownforhis realistic depiction of everyday scenes. His works include
`directions, capable of causing rotation butnottranslation. + v. -pled,
`Burial at Ornans (1850), Bonjour M. Courbet (1854), and The Artist’s
`-pling, -ples —tr. 1. To link together; connect: coupled her refusal with
`Studio (1855).
`an explanation. 2a. To join as spouses; marry. b. To join in sexual union.
`couregette (koor-zhét’) n. Chiefly British A zucchini. [French dia-
`3. Electricity To link (twocircuits or currents) as by magnetic induction.
`lectal, diminutive of courge, gourd, from Old French cohourde, from
`—intr. 1. To form pairs; join. 2. To unite sexually; copulate. 3. To join
`Latin cucurbita.]
`chemically. + adj.
`Informal Two or few: “Every couple years the urge
`couerieer(koor/é-ar, kiir/-, ktir’-) 1. 1a. A messenger, especially one
`strikes, to. .
`. haul off to a new site” (GarrisonKeillor). [Middle English,
`onofficial diplomatic business. b. A spy carrying secret information. 2a.
`from Old French, from Latin cépula, bond,pair.]
`ee
`A personalattendant hired to make arrangements for a journey. b. An
`employee ofa travel agency serving as a guide for tourists. [French cour-
`Usage Note Whenusedtorefer to two people who function socially
`rier, from Old French, from Old Italian corriere, from correre, to run,
`4S a unit, as in a married couple, the word couple maytake either a singular
`from Latin currere. See kers- in Appendix I.]
`ora plural verb, depending on whether the membersare consideredin-
`dividually or collectively: The couple were married last week. Only one cou-
`courelan (koor/lan) 1. See limpkin. (French, perhapsalteration of
`courliri, from Galibi kurliri.]
`ple was left on the dancefloor. Whena pronounfollows, they and their are
`Coureland also Kureland (koor/land) A historical region and
`More commonthanit andits: The couple decided to spendtheir(less com-
`non! its) vacation in Florida. Using a singular verb anda plural pro-
`former duchyof southern Latvia betweenthe Baltic Sea and the Western
`Dvina River.It passed to Russia in 1795 andwaslargely incorporated into
`ae in The couple wants their childrento go to college, is widely con-
`Latvia in 1918.
`see to be incorrect. Care should be taken that the verb and pronoun
`course (kérs, kérs) 1. 1a. Onward movementinaparticular direc-
`fe ees The couple want their children to go to college. °Al-
`tities S fe phrase a couple of has been well established in English since
`tion; progress: the course of events. b. Movementin time; duration:in the
`a Hsia e Renaissance, moderncritics have sometimes maintained that
`course of a year. 2. The direction of continuing movement: took a north-
`tess a 1s too inexact to be appropriate in formal writing. But the
`ern course. 3. The route or path taken by something, such as a stream,
`the flnfes le of a couple of may serve a useful purpose, suggesting that
`that moves. See synonymsat way. 4. Sports a. A designated areaof land
`or water on which a raceis held:
`the course of a marathon. b. A golf
`Siiene is indifferent to the precise number of items involved. Thus
`course. 5. A modeof action or behavior: followed the best course and
`isin ee lives only a couple of miles away implies notonly that the
`invested her money. 6.A typical or natural mannerof proceeding or de-
`should be short but that its exact measure is unimportant. This usage
`veloping; customarypassage: a fad that ranits course. 7. A systematic or
`the p aeee unobjectionable on all levels of style. ° The of in
`orderly succession; a sequence: a course of medical treatments. 8. A con-
`usually eg Fee of is often dropped in speech, but this omission is
`tinuouslayer of building material, such as brickortile, on a wall or roof
`of
`the Usa ereda mistake,especially in formal contexts. Three-fourths
`. ‘ie Panel finds the sentence I read a couple books over vacation
`of a building. 9a. A complete body of prescribed studies constituting a
`€ ac
`eptable; however, another 20% of the Panelfinds the sentence
`curriculum:a four-year course in engineering. b. A unit of such a curric-
`ceptable in informal speech and writing.
`ulum: took an introductory course in chemistry; passed hercalculus course.
`Coue
`.
`10. A part of a meal servedas a unit at onetime: Thefirst course was a
`Dling mer (kiip/lar) 1. 1. Onethat couples, especially a device for cou-
`delicious soup. 11. Nautical The lowestsail on a mastof a square-rigged
`that
`© railroad cars. 2. A device connecting two organ keyboards so
`ship. 12. A point on the compass, especially the one toward which a ve-
`courpl, may beplayed together.
`hicle, such as a ship, is moving. “ v. coursed, courseing, coursees
`i
`St (ktip/lit) n. 1. A unit of verse consisting of two successive
`—tr. 1. To moveswiftly through or over; traverse: ships coursing theseas.
`Nes, usu;
`’
`comp na thyming and having the same meter and often forming a
`2a. To hunt (game) with hounds. b. To set (hounds) to chase game.
`UFrench, ¢,rousht or syntactic unit.
`2. Two similar things; a pair.
`—intr. 1. To proceed or moveswiftly along a specified course: “Big tears
`now coursed down her face” (Iris Murdoch). 2. To hunt game with
`Ourp Ijain Old French, diminutive of couple, couple. See COUPLE.]
`hg (ktip/ling) n, 1. The act of linking together or forming
`hounds. —idioms: in due course Atthe properorright time. 0
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`coupler
`
`a pat
`a pay
`_ ar care
`a father
`é pet
`ébe
`ipit
`Ipie
`ir pier
`6 pot
`6 toe
`6 paw
`
`oi boy
`ou out
`60 took
`00 boot
`ti cut
`dr urge
`th thin
`th this
`hw which
`zh vision
`2 about, item
`regionalism
`
`Stress marks:/ (primary);
`’ (secondary), as in
`dictionary (dik/sha-nér’é)
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