Declaration of Rachel J. Watters on Authentication of Publication
`
`I, Rachel J. Watters, am a librarian, and the Head of Resource Sharing for the
`
`General Library System, Memorial Library, located at 728 State Street, Madison,
`
`Wisconsin, 53706. Part of my job responsibilities include oversight of Wisconsin
`
`TechSearch (“WTS”), an interlibrary loan departmentat the University of Wisconsin-
`
`Madison.
`
`I have worked asa librarian at the University of Wisconsin library system
`
`since 1998, starting as a graduate student employee in the Kurt F. Wendt Engineering
`
`Library and WTS,then asa librarian in Interlibrary Loan at Memorial Library.
`
`I began
`
`professional employment at WTSin 2002 and became WTSDirector in 2011.
`
`In 2019,
`
`Ibecame of Head of Resource Sharing for UW-Madison’s General Library System.
`
`I
`
`have a master’s degree in Library and Information Studies from the University of
`
`Wisconsin-Madison. Through the course of my studies and employment, I have
`
`becomewell informed about the operationsof the University of Wisconsin library
`
`system, which follows standard library practices.
`
`This Declaration relates to the dates of receipt andavailability of the following:
`
`Chen, S.C. and Lee, K. (April 1998). A mixed-mode smart
`transducer interface for sensors and actuators. Sound &
`Vibration, 32(4), 24-27.
`
`Standard operating procedures for materials at the University of Wisconsin-
`
`Madison Libraries. When an issue was received by the Library, it would be checkedin,
`
`stamped with the date of receipt, added to library holdings records, and madeavailable
`
`CORRECTED META1027
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`

`Declaration of Rachel J. Watters on Authentication of Publication
`
`to readers as soonafterits arrival as possible. The procedure normally took a few days
`
`or at most 2 to 3 weeks.
`
`Exhibit A to this Declaration is a true and accurate copy ofthe verso page with
`
`library date stamp of Sound & Vibration (April 1998), from the University of
`
`Wisconsin-Madison Library collection. Exhibit A also includes an excerptof pages 24
`
`to 27 of that issue, showingthearticle entitled A mixed-mode smart transducer interface
`
`for sensors and actuators (April 1998). Based on this information, the date stamp on
`
`the issue’s verso page indicates A mixed-mode smart transducerinterfacefor sensors
`
`and actuators (1998) was received by the Kurt F. Wendt Library, University of
`
`Wisconsin-Madison Libraries on May 28, 1998.
`
`Based onthe information in Exhibit A,it is clear that the issue wasreceived by
`
`the library on or before May 28, 1998, catalogued and available to library patrons within
`
`a few daysor at most 2 to 3 weeksafter May 28, 1998.
`
`Membersof the interested public could locate the Sound & Vibration (April
`
`1998) publication after it was cataloged by searching the public library catalog or
`
`requesting a search through WTS. The search could be donebytitle and/or subject key
`
`words. Membersofthe interested public could accessthe publication by locatingit on
`
`the library’s shelves or requesting it from WTS.
`
`I declare that all statements made herein of my own knowledgeare trueand that
`
`all statements made on information and belief are believedto be true; and furtherthat
`
`2
`
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`CORRECTED META 1027
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`

`

`Declaration of Rachel J. Watters on Authentication of Publication
`
`these statements were made with the knowledgethat willful false statements andthe like
`
`so made are punishable by fine or imprisonment, or both, under Section 1001 of Title 18
`
`of the United States Code.
`
`Date: April 4, 2023
`
`Memorial Library
`728 State Street
`Madison, Wisconsin 53706
`
`ead of Resource Sharing
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`CORRECTED META1027
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`

`

`Exhibit A
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`

`

`META V. THALES
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` CORRECTED META 1027
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`soto CAR-RT SORT ** COQ3
`576 517 O15
`8
`APR
`UNIV OF WISCONSIN
`K F WENDT LIBRARY
`215 N RANDALL AVE
`MADISON WI
`53706-1605
`
`CORRECTED META 1027
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`Jack K. Mowry
`
`ASSOCIATE EDITOR
`
`
`
`KURT F. WENDT LIBRARY |
`COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
`
`MAY 28 1998
`
`
`
`
`
`®
`George F. Lang
`
`sound and vibration! UW-M0)SON,WI53706
`CONTRIBUTING EDITORS
`
`Donald Wasserman
` EDITOR AND PUBLISHER
`
`|
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`|
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`
`THE NOISE AND VIBRATION CONTROL MAGAZINE
`Noise and Vibration Control e Equipment Reliability
`Structural Analysis e Dynamic Measurements
`Dynamic Testing
` APRIL 1998
`VOLUME 32/NUMBER 4
`
`EDITORIAL
`
`Some Things Change and SomeThings Remain the Same! ............. 5
`Patrick L. Walter
`
`FEATURES
`New Developmentsin Large-Scale
`Dynamic Data Acquisition SySteMs..........:::cscccceeeessseeeseeeseeneeeeseeees 18
`Strether Smith, Steve Katz, Bill Hollowell, Eric Olson, Al Brower,
`Bob Franz and Scott Snyder
`
`A Mixed-Mode Smart Transducer
`Interface for Sensors and Actuato!s...........:.::::::eeseeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenees 24
`Steven C. Chen and Kang Lee
`
` Dynamic MeasurementInstrumentation Buyer’s Guide............... 29
`
`DEPARTMENTS
`S&V NWS?) ssncemsmnnsiemsnmnemmcnsannes wed
`
`S&V Observer ........
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`Our Authors .........
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`Professional Services...
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`Reader-Service Index
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`Reader-Service Card ......eeseeeeee
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`
`COVER
`The cover photograph depicts |Otech’s new WaveBook/516 portable PC-based data ac-
`quisition system being used in “Hummer”vehicle testing atAM General Corporation’s test-
`ing facility in Livonia, MI. The WaveBook /516 provides 1-MHz speed data acquisition while
`maintaining 16-bit resolution. This performance accommodatesmultichannel data collec-
`tion for test and measurementapplications suchas: vehicle noise and vibration testing which
`require high resolution. (Photo courtesy of |Otech, Cleveland, OH.)
`
`|
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`| |
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`Chris D. Powell
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`Larry H. Royster
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`
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`BUSINESS PUBLICATIONS
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`SOUND AND VIBRATION(ISSN 0038-1810) is published monthly by Acoustical Publications, Inc., P.O. Box 40416, Bay
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`INSTRUMENTATION RFFFRFENGF ISSUF
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`

`

`A WHACU?TIVIU"US OMMdart Iransgucer
`Interface for Sensors and Actuators
`
`Steven C. Chen, Aeptec Microsystems, Inc., Rockville, Maryland
`Kang Lee,NationalInstitute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
`
`
`
`This article discusses someofthe key issues of the proposed
`JEEE P1451.4 standard — the existing mixed-mode transducer
`communication schemes, the Transducer Electronic Data
`Sheet (TEDS) requirements, compatibility with legacy systems,
`and utilization of results of other P1451 developmentsto le-
`verage existing and emerging sensor-networking technologies.
`
`Network
`Capable
`Application
`Processor
`(NCAP)
`
`Ba
`
`1451.2
`
`Smart
`Transducer
`Interface
`Module
`
`P1451.3
`x
`ca cer >|
`
`Channel
`interface
`Module
`
`et gees
`| pista |
`\ Common
`|
`P1451.4
`|
`Object
`|
`I
`eet | Benak Mixed-Mode
`Transducer
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Network
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Today, the transducer industry produces and utilizes mainly
`analog transducers. Interfacing these transducers to measure-
`ment and control systems is a major and costly undertaking.
`While digital communication is the trend of the future, the
`issue of interfacing analog transducers with additional smart
`features to legacy systems should be addressed.
`The test and measurement community requires transducers
`with built-in identification which also fulfill more common
`requirements: 2 wire system, small size, low cost, low power
`consumption, etc. The test and measurement communitywill
`be best served with a standardized transducer interface and a
`uniquely identifiable set of standardized protocols.
`Due to the lack of such a standard, some transducer manu-
`facturers have introduced varioussolutions but have seen lim-
`ited acceptance. An independent and openly defined standard
`will reduce risk for potential users, transducer and system
`manufacturers, and system integrators. This will accelerate the
`
`
`
`emergence and acceptance ofthis technology. Therefore, the
`| aa
`P1451
`Logic
`Object
`project, IEEE P1451.4, was established to develop a standard
`that allows analog transducers to communicate digital infor-
`mation (mixed-mode operation) for the purposesof self-iden-
`tification and configuration.
`The IEEE P1451 Working Groups have been working ona
`uniform approach for connecting sensors and actuators to com-
`munication networks, control systems and measurementsys-
`tems. The P1451.1, 1451.2 and P1451.3 efforts focused on net-
`work-capable sensorsandactuators withdigital readings. The
`P1451.4 effort proposes a mixed-mode smart transducer com-
`munication protocol based on existing analog connections.
`It also specifies TEDS formatsfor interfacing analog transduc-
`ers with additional smart features to the legacy systems. ‘he
`proposed interface will be designed to be compatible with other
`P1451 network-capable transducerinterfaces.
`
`| Interface||High Level yi XDCR
`
`Network
`
`
`Figure 1, IEEE P1451 family relationship.
`
`P1451.4 Mixed-Mode
`Interface (MMI)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Transducer
`TEDS
`
`
`
`IEEE P1451.4
`Mixed-Mode
`Transducer
`
`
`Figure 2. IEEE P1451.4 interface.
`
`P1451.4 Proposed Standard
`The proposed standard will define an interface for mixed-
`modetransducers(i.e., analog transducers with digital output
`for control and self-describing purposes) as part of the P1451
`family of standards(see Figure 1). It will establish a standard
`that allows analog-output, mixed-modetransducers to commu-
`nicate digital information with an IEFF P1451 compliant ob-
`ject. Both sensors and actuators are supported and the exist-
`ence of the P1451.4 interface is invisible from the network
`viewpoint.
`It is the intent thatall of the standards in the IEEE 1451 fam-
`ily can be used either as stand-alone or with each other. For
`example, a ‘black box’ transducer with a P1451.1 object model
`combined with a P1451.4-compliant transduceris within the
`
`ICP is a registered trademark of PCB Piezotronics, Inc.
`MicroLANis a registered trademark of Dallas Semiconductor,Inc.
`LabVIEWis a registered trademark of National Instruments, Inc.
`IBASICis a registered trademark of Hewlett-Packard Company
`DeltaTronis a registered trademark of Briiel & Kjaer
`
`definition of the P1451 family specification. The IEEE P1451.4
`interface is needed both to allow the use of existing analog
`transducer wiring and also for those demanding applications
`where it is not practical to physically include the Network
`Capable Application Processor (NCAP)with the transducer. Ex-
`amples of the latter include very small transducers and very
`harsh operating environments.
`Each P1451.4-compliant mixed-mode transducer wouldcon-
`sist of at least one transducer and the interface logic required
`to control and transfer data across various existing analog in-
`terfaces (see Figure 2). The transducer TEDS will be minimized
`and defined such thatit contains enoughinformation to allow
`a higher level P1451 objectto fill any gaps in its TEDS.
`Scope. This P1451.4 Working Group will propose a standard
`that allows analog transducers to communicate digital infor-
`mation with an IEEE P1451 object. The standard will define the
`protocol and interface. It will also define the format of the
`transducer TEDS. The transducer TEDSwill be based on the
`IEEE 1451.2 TEDS. The standard will not specify the transducer
`design, signal conditioning orthe specific use of the TEDS.
`Purpose. A standard is neededthat allows analog transduc-
`ers to communicate digital information for the purposes ofself-
`identification and configuration. Dueto the lack of a standard,
`sometransducer manufacturers have introduced various solu-
`tions but have seen limited acceptance. An independent and
`
`’
`
`SOUND AND VIBRATION/APRIL 1998
`
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`
`
`
`
`TEDS
`Extraction and
`Conversion
`
`P1451.4 NCAP
`
`High Level
`P1451
`TEDS
`
`Network
`
`
`
`P1451 4
`Mixed-Mode
`nteface (MMI)
`
`
`
`P1451
`
`
`
`
`a Mixed-Mode
`
`
`Multiplexer
`Transducer
`
`
`
`
`
`Figure 3. IEEE P1451.4 compatible NCAP.
`
`openly defined standard will reduce risk for potential users,
`transducer and system manufacturers and system integrators.
`This will accelerate the emergenceand acceptanceofthis tech-
`“nology.
`TEDS. The P1451.4 TEDS shall be compatible with the
`1451.2 TEDS with the goal to minimizethe size of nonvolatile
`memory. The key consideration for TEDS designare: relevant
`information that help the user, “plug-and-play” functionality,
`supportforall transducers, opennessfor individual needs and
`compatibility to 1451.2. The P1451.4 TEDS shall include the
`following categories:
`1.I[dentification Parameters
`a. Manufacturer name
`b. Model number
`c. Series number
`d. Revision number
`e. Date code
`2.Device Parameters
`a. Sensor type
`b. Sensitivity
`c. Bandwidth
`d. Units
`3.Calibration Parameters
`a. Last calibration date
`b. Correction engine coefficients
`4.Application Parameter
`a. Channel identification
`b. Channel grouping
`c. Sensor location and orientation
`The most recent proposed TEDS includesa 256-bit, non-hu-
`man-readable compact-TEDS and additional human-readable
`TEDS. The compact-TEDSenables the minimum implementa-
`tion of a P1451.4 TEDS for transducers which have limited
`memory or size. Table 1 indicates the latest proposal for the
`
`P1451.4 compact-TEDS which will include parameters, such
`as bandwidth, whicharecritical for higher bandwidth trans-
`ducers.
`Implementation. To take advantage of the results from the
`P1451 effort, P1451.4 will establish a standard that allows
`
`Figure 4. Ethernet-to-1451.2 NCAPcreated for a demonstration of con-
`cept (courtesy of Hewlett-Packard).
`
`;
`
`analog-output mixed-mode transducers to communicate digi-
`tal information with a high-level IEEE P1451 object.
`
`
`
`
`
`Table 1. Proposed IEEE P1451.4 TransducerElectronic Data Sheet (TEDS) measuring template formals. 4
`
`Field Description
`ROMPart
`Manufacturer
`Type number
`Version letter
`Version number
`Serial number
`
`Type
`
`Access
`
`#of Bits Bit Position
`
`Example
`
`Unit
`
`i
`
`Briel & Kjeer
`
`
`
`v| Manufacturer
`UNINT
`Chr5
`UNINT
`UNINT
`
`RO-Manuf.
`RO-Manuf.
`RO-Manuf.
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`RO-Manuf.
`
`11
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`7,
`25
`
`0
`11
`27
`32
`39
`
`Briiel & Kjer
`1234
`oe
`0
`1234567
`
`E2-PROM Part
`
`0
`8
`R/W-all
`CRC8
`CRG8for the first 64+256 bits
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Selector of template descriptor SelOfDescriptor—_R/W-Cal.IEEE 1451.4 ¥| 2 8 IEEE 1451.4
`
`Template identification
`(Accelerometer
`v
`8
`10
`Acceleration
`m/s?
`Sensitivity @ For
`16
`18
`100.0E-6
`V/ms2
`Bee
`8
`, a4
`10.0E+0
`Hz
`Calibration date
`16
`42
`July 18, 1997
`Transfer function approximation
`value from
`F hpelectrical
`10.0E-3
`F lp electrical
`100.0E+0
`F mounted resonance
`100.0E+0
`Mounted Q
`300.0E-3
`Temperaturecoefficient
`1.0E-6
`Sensitivity direction (x,y,z)
`x=0,y=1,z=2
`Measurementposition ID (0... 511)
`Selector of extended template descriptor
`User data
`:
`
`(n=0: section disabled)
`(n=0: section disabled)
`(n=0: section disabled)
`(n=0: section disabled)
`(n=0: section disabled)
`
`[User
`
`
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`date
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`position
` SelOfExtDescript
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`R/W-Cal.
`R/W-Cal.
`R/W-Cal,
`
`R/W-Cal.
`R/W-Cal.
`R/W-Cal,
`R/W-Cal.
`R/W-Cal.
`R/W-Cal.
`R/W-user
`R/W-Cal
`R/W-user
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`12
`12.
`9
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`136
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`99
`108
`110
`118
`120
`
`Hz
`Hz
`Hz
`
`User
`
`184
`Total numberofpredefinedbits
`Total numberofbits
`320
`
`
`—_
`INSTRUMENTATION REFERENCEISSUE
`
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`

`

`Briiel & Kjzer-=
`
`
`
`DS2435 1-Wire Port
`
`
`
`-5V
`: Principle diagram of DeltaTron®
`ae1 2,
`transducerintegrated with
`identification
`Principle diagram of DeltaTron®
`input with identification support
`
`Figure 7. Example of current implementation (courtesy ofBriel & Kjer).
`
`
`
`47k
`
`Rx
`
`Lr,
`
`
`
`x
`100 Ohm
`MOSFET
`
`BA ’
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`yl
`
`
`
`|
`|
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`|
`
`
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`
`
`
`
`
`Compatibility with Legacy Systems
`P1451.4 transducers with TEDS will be compatible with
`legacy data acquisition systems by utilizing existing analog
`connections. Undernormal operating condition, P1451.4 trans-
`ducers will behavelike traditional analog transducers. Upon
`power-up or interrogation, P1451.4 transducers will enter a
`digital communication mode.
`Legacy systems can be updated to support P1451.4 transduc-
`
`DS2435 1-Wire Port
`Bus Master
`ers, as follows:
`=pue +5 Vjahaigeeos=e
`
`1, Hardware — Extra circuitry can be addedat the front-end to
`control the P1451.4 transducers and to decode the TEDS.
`This will require modification of the legacy systems.
`2. Patch Panel — A patch panel can be used between P1451.4
`transducers andlegacy systemsto toggle powerto the trans-
`ducers or send out interrogation signals to activate the digi-
`tal mode. It can also decode and uploadthe digital TEDS data
`to a controller. Additional hardware is necessary, but no
`modification of the legacy systemsis required.
`. Firmware/Software — The embedded controlleror the soft-
`ware in the legacy system can extract the TEDS data from
`the waveform memoryafter poweruporinterrogation. This
`solution requires no modification of legacy systems, nor ad-
`ditional hardware. Two previous demonstrations included
`a National Instruments LabVIEW® programwith PC plug-in
`ADC (Analogto Digital Converter) cards (see Figure 5) and
`an IBASIC program with the HP35670A Dynamic Signal Ana-
`lyzer.
`
`
`
`
`
`Figure 6. Example ofpossible multi-drop smart transducer(courtesy of
`Briiel & Kjer).
`
`
`To normal
`CCLDinput
`
`+5
`
`Rx
`
`Tass
`
`
`‘Feng
`Data)
`}
`
`‘|
`
`T;
`tN
`
`Ton
`controller
`
`|
`|
`
`\Dallas
`DS2430A
`
`
`
`
`}i
`‘
`
` Normal Measurement Afterward —— i
`
`
`TEDS PulseTrain Upon Power Up
`’
`
`TEDS Data Decoded —~
`
`¥
`
`
`Figure 5. TEDS decoding with LabVIEW(courtesy of National Instru-
`ments).
`
`Oneof the possible implementations is shownin Figure 3 —
`a multichannel P1451.4 NCAP, based on a 1451.2 NCAP,with
`optional multiplexer, data acquisition, logic or firmware for
`TEDS extraction and conversion, as well as high-level P1451
`TEDS. Figure 4 shows a compatible 1451.2 NCAP created by
`Hewlett-Packard Co.* as a demonstration of concept.
`
`w
`
`
`
`
`Figure 8. Coupling network between bus master(e.g., instrument) and
`1-wire port (e.g., transducer). Proposed by Briiel & Kjeer.
`
`Current Approaches
`Several transducer manufacturers have supplied mixed-
`mode transducers with built-in intelligence for improvement
`such asself identification. These updated mixed-mode trans-
`ducers utilize existing analog interfaces such as the ICP® and
`4-20 mA current loop interfaces with or without an additional
`digital connection.
`Several commercial mixed-mode smart transducersareavail-
`able. Members of the P1451.4 working group have proposed
`two types of implementation. Briiel & Kjaer has proposed a bi-
`
`directional, multi-drop communication scheme(see Figures6,
`*Certain commercial products are identified in this article in order
`to adequately describe the proposed standard. Such identification does
`not imply recommendation or endorsementbythe NationalInstitute of
`Standards and Technology.
`
`7 and 8). This proposalis based on standard MicroLAN® com-
`ponents from Dallas Semiconductor andthe digital communi-
`cation is activated by switching the normal (positive) supply
`current to a negative current. Other members have proposed
`point-to-point systems (such as shown in Figure 9). Digital
`communication is activated upon power-up (Kistler) or by a 2
`mA drop of supply current for a predefined time period
`(Endevco and Wilcoxon).
`Currently, the working groupis very interested in the 1-wire
`MicroLAN® dueto its one wire nature and commercially avail-
`able components. Note in Figure 10 that the TEDS electronics
`does not increase the size of a modal accelerometer.
`
`Future Development
`The P1451.4 working group has formed a TEDS subgroup and
`the subgroup has achieved good progress. Hewlett-Packard and
`
`-
`
`26
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`
`
`eee
`Variable
`
`
`
`Current
`
`Analog
`PiezoFET
`:Switch
`
`Supply
`
`
`
`Amplifier
`Circuit
`
`
`
`
`Current
`NataAcquisition
`
`poe
`
`
`Change }|—
`
`_| Detector
`= SignalAnalysis System
`
`
`
`Wilcoxon SmarTrans
`
`
`
`Figure 9. Example of current implementations (courtesy of Wilcoxon
`Research).
`
`
`
`Figure 10. The challenge of implementing TEDSin a modal accelerom-
`eter (courtesy of The Modal Shop).
`
`Kistler Instruments have agreed to provide licenses for their
`individual patentsrelated to the P1451.4 working groupeffort.
`Dallas Semiconductors has also agreed to provide a license of
`their patentsrelated to the 1-wire MicroLAN®.
`Involvement by other companies with various sensing tech-
`nologies will be highly welcome.
`For more information on the P1451 working groups contact:
`Kang Lee, National Institute of Standards and Technology;
`Phone: 301-975-6602; e-mail: Kang.Lee@NIST.gov.
`
`Acknowledgments
`The authors would like to thank: Mark Buckner (Oak Ridge
`National Lab.), Jorgen Bekke (B&K), Stan Woods (Hewlett-
`Packard) and all the membersof the working group whohave
`contributed to this work.
`
`
`
`
`Bibliography
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`ings IMAC, 1993.
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`Bryzek, J., et al, “Common Communication Interface for Networked
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`Brendel, A., “Sensor Stores Calibration Data in Nonvolatile ROM,”Test
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`West, R., “Automatic Calibration of Strain Gauges,” SENSORS, pp 44-
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`Gen-kuong,F., and Johnson,R., “Accelerometer for High Frequency, Low
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`van der Waal, E., Droinet, Y., Coransson, S., Tidy, S., “A Low Cost, High
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