The
`American
`Heritage Dictionary
`of the English Language
`
`FOURTH EDITION
`
`
`
`“ws HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY
`™) Boston New York
`
`IPR2022-01304
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`Wordsare included in this Dictionary on the basis of their usage.
`Wordsthat are knownto have current trademark registrations are
`shownwith aninitial capital and are also identified as trademarks. No
`investigation has been made of common-law trademarkrights in any
`word, because such investigation is impracticable. The inclusion of any
`wordin this Dictionary is not, however, an expression of the
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`American Heritage® and the eagle logoare registered trademarks of
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`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`The American Heritage dictionary of the English language.—4th ed.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 0-395-82517-2 (hardcover) — ISBN 0-618-08230-1
`(hardcover with CD ROM)
`1. English language—Dictionaries
`PE1628 .A623 2000
`423-dc21
`
`00-025369
`
`Manufactured in the United States of America
`
`IPR2022-01304
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`

`Ceeaeeeeeeeeeee
`
`Enugu | eon
`Eenuegu (a-noo/goo)Acity of southeast Nigeria east of the Niger
`enevieronemenetaleism (én-vi/ran-mén/tl-iz’am,
`-vi/arn-)
`River. It developedas a coal-mining centerin the early 1900s. Population:
`1. Advocacy for or work toward protecting the natural environmen,
`222,600.
`fromdestruction or pollution. 2. The theory that environment Tathe
`eenuemereaeble (i-noo/mar-a-bal, -nyoo’-) adj. Capable of being
`thanheredityis the primary influenceonintellectual growth and Cultura
`development. —enevi/ronemen/taleist n.
`put into one-to-one correspondencewith the positive integers; denumer-
`environmental medicine 1. See clinical ecology.
`able. —eenu/mereaebly adv.
`-ateing,
`trv. -ateed,
`-nyoo/-)
`eenuemereate (i-noo/ma-rat’,
`enevierons (én-vi/ranz, -vi/arnz) pl.n. 1. A surroundingarea, espe
`-ates 1. To countoff or name onebyone;list: A spokesperson enumer-
`cially of a city.
`2. Surroundings; environment. {French,
`from Ok
`atedthe strikers’ demands. 2. To determine the numberof; count. [Latin
`French,pl. of environ,circuit, from environ, round about. See ENVIRON |
`énumerdare, énumerat-, to countout : é-, ex-, ex- + numerus, number; see
`eneviseage (én-viz/ij) tr.v. -aged, -ageing, -agees 1. To conceiy,
`nem- in Appendix I.] —eenu’/merea/tion n. —eenu/merea’tive
`an imageor apicture of, especially as a future possibility: envisaged ,
`(-ma-ra/tiv, -mar-a-) adj, —eenu/merea’torn.
`worldat peace. 2. To consider or regard in a certain way. [French enyjg
`eenunecieate(i-niin/sé-at’)
`v. -ateed, -ateing, -ates —tr. 1. To
`ager : Old French en-, in; see EN—' + Old French visage, face; see VISAGE, }
`pronounce;articulate. 2. To state orset forth precisely or systematically:
`eneviesion (én-vizh/an) tr.v. -sioned, -sioneing, -sions To pictur
`in the mind; imagine.
`enunciate a doctrine. 3. To announce; proclaim. —intr. To pronounce
`enevoi(én/voi’, dn/-) 1. Variant of envoy?.
`words; speak aloud. [Latin éntintidre, éntintiat- : é-, ex-, ex- + niintiare,
`to announce (fromniintius, messenger; see Neu- in Appendix I).] —ee
`enevoy’ (én/voi’, dn/-) n. 1. A representative of a governmentwh,
`nun/cieaeble (-a-bal) adj. —eenun’ciea/tion n. —eenun/ciea’tive
`is sent on a special diplomatic mission. 2. A minister plenipotentiar
`(-sé-a'tiv, -sé-a-tiv) adj. —eenun/ciea’tiveely adj. —eenun/ciea’-
`assignedto a foreign embassy, ranking next belowthe ambassador, 3, ,
`tor n.
`messenger; an agent. [French envoyé, messenger, from past participle 9
`v. Variant of inure.
`eneure (in-yoor’)
`envoyer, to send, from Old French envoier, from Late Latin inviare,to b
`eneuereesis (én’ya-ré/sis) . The uncontrolled or involuntary dis-
`onthe way: Latin in-, in, on; see EN-' + Latin via, way; see Wegh.;
`AppendixI.]
`charge of urine. [New Latin, from Greek enourein, to urinate in : en-, in;
`see EN—* + ourein, to urinate.] —en/ueret/ic (-rét/ik) adj.
`enevoy? also enevoi (én/voi’, bn/-) n. 1. A short closing stanzaj
`certain verse forms, such as the ballade orsestina, dedicating the poer
`eneveleop (én-vél/ap) trv. -oped, -opeing, -ops 1. To enclose or
`to a patron or summarizing its main ideas. 2. The concludingportio
`encase completely with or as if with a covering: “Accompanying the dark-
`of a prose workor a play. [Middle English envoie, from Old French,
`ness, a stillness envelops the city” (Curtis Wilkie). 2. To attack (an enemy’s
`sending away, conclusion, from envoier, to send. See ENVOY'.]
`flank). [Middle English envolupen, to be involved in, from Old French
`enevy (én/vé) n., pl. -vies 1a. A feeling of discontent and resentmer
`envoluper, envoloper: en-, in; see EN—' + voloper, to wrap up.] —enevel/-
`aroused byandin conjunction withdesire for the possessionsor qualitic
`opeer 1. —enevel/opementn.
`of another. b. The object of such feeling: Their new pool made themti
`eneveslope (én/va-lop’, bn/-) n. 1. A flat paper container, especially
`envy oftheir neighbors. 2. Obsolete Malevolence. *tr.v. -vied, -vysinc
`for a letter, usually having a gummedflap. 2. Something that envelops;
`-vies 1. To feel envy toward. 2. To regard with envy. [Middle Englis
`a wrapping. 3. Biology An enclosing structure or cover, such as a mem-
`envie, from Old French, from Latin invidia, frominvidus, envious,fro
`brane or the outer coat of a virus. 4. The bag containing the gas in a
`invidére, to look at with envy : in-,
`in, on; see EN-' + vidére, to see; 5
`balloonorairship. 5. Theset of limitations within which a technological
`weid-in Appendix I. V., from Middle English envien, from Old Frenc
`system,especially an aircraft, can performsafelyandeffectively. 6. The
`envier, from Latin invidére.] —en/vieer n. —en/vyeingelyadv.
`comaof a comet. 7. Mathematics A curve orsurface thatis tangent to
`every one of a family of curves or surfaces. —idiom: push the en-
`Synonymsenvy, begrudge, covet These verbs meantofeel resentful«
`velope 1. To increase the operating capabilities of a technological sys-
`painful desire for another’s advantages or possessions. Envy,
`the mo
`tem. 2. To exceed the existing limits in a certain field; be innovative.
`general, combines discontent, resentment, and desire: “When I peru
`{French enveloppe, from envelopper, to envelop, from Old French envol-
`the conqueredfame of heroes andthe victories of mighty generals, I don
`oper. See ENVELOP.]
`envythe generals” (Walt Whitman). Begrudge stresses ill will and relu
`tance to acknowledge another’s right or claim: Whybegrudge him|
`Usage Note The word envelope was borrowed into English from
`success? Covet stresses a secret or culpable longing for something
`French during the early 18th century, and thefirst syllable acquired the
`which one has noright: “We hate no people and covet no people's lana
`pronunciation (6n) as an approximationto the nasalized French pronun-
`(Wendell L. Willkie).
`ciation. Gradually the word has becomeanglicized further and is now
`most commonly pronounced (én/va-lop’). The earlier pronunciationis
`enewind (én-wind’)
`trv. -wound (-wound’), -windeing, -win
`still considered acceptable, however. A recent survey reveals that
`the
`To windaround or about.
`(6n/-) pronunciation for the wordenvelopeis used by 30 percentof the
`enewomb (én-woom/) tr.v. -wombed, -wombeing, -wombs*
`Usage Panelandis recognized as an acceptable variant by about 20per-
`enclose in orasif in a womb.
`cent of those Panelists who normallyuse the (én/-) pronunciation. Other
`enewrap(én-rip’) tr.v. -wrapped, -wrapeping, -wraps 1a.’
`similar words borrowed fromFrenchin the modernperiod include envoy
`wrapup; enclose. b. To envelop. 2. To absorb completely; engross: !
`(17th century), encore, ennui, ensemble, entree (18th century), entourage,
`enwrappedbythe fascinatingtale.
`and entrepreneur (19th century). Most retain their pseudo-French pro-
`-wreathein
`
`
`enewreathe (én-réth’)—trv. -wreathed,
`nunciations, with the exception of envoy, which, like envelope,
`is mainly
`-wreathes To surround withor as if with a wreath.
`pronounced with (én) now.
`enezoroteic (én’z6-6t/ik) adj. Affecting or peculiar to animals 0
`specific geographic area. Usedof a disease. n. An enzootic disea
`{EN+ Z0(O)- + -OTIC.]
`enezyme(én/zim) n. Any of numerousproteins or conjugated Pp
`teins producedbyliving organisms and functioning as biochemical ¢
`
`alysts. [German Enzym, from Medieval Greek enziimos, leavened : Gre
`en-,
`in; see EN? + Greek zimeé,
`leaven, yeast.] —en’zyemat/ic (3
`miat/ik), enezy’mic (-zi/mik, -zim/ik) adj. —en’zyemat?iecal®
`enezy/miecalely adv.
`.
`enezyemoleoegy (én/za-mol/a-j@)_n. The branch of science©
`deals with the biochemical nature and activity of enzymes. —€"
`:
`mol/oegist n.
`EO abbr. executive order
`@.0. abbr. Latin ex officio (by virtue of office)
`e@0- pref. Most primitive;earliest: eohippus. [From Greekés, dawn.
`aus- in Appendix [.]
`a
`Eeoecene(é#a-sén’) adj. Of or belonging to the geologic ume
`series, or sedimentarydeposits of the second epochof the Tertiary :
`od, characterized by warmclimates and therise of most modern a
`malian families. See table at geologic time. + n. The Eocent
`P
`orits systemof deposits.
`oe EO
`EOE abbr. equal opportunity employer
`w Latin - EC
`eeorhipepus (é6-hip/as) . Hyracotherium.
`Greek hippos, horse; see ekwo- in AppendixI.
`
`Relating
`e°oeliean also aeeoeliean (8-6/lé-an, &-l/yan)
`adj.
`
`|
`causedby, or carried by the wind. [From AEOLUS.]
`e°oelith (é2-lith’) n. A crude stoneartifact, such as a flake. eat
`Eeoelitheic (é’a-lith/ik) adj. Of orrelating to the postulate sc
`period of human culture preceding the LowerPaleolithic. Not!
`tific use.
`;
`highs in
`Eeoelus(@-d/las), Mount A peak, 4,295.3 m (14,083 ft)
`San Juan Mountains of southwest Colorado.
`rio!
`EOM abbr. end of month
`e@°on also aeeon (é6n’, &an) n. 1. An indefinitely long Pr tw
`time: an age. 2. The longest division of geologic time, contains
`
`eneveneom (én-vén/am) tr.v. -omed, -omeing, -oms 1. To make
`poisonous or noxious. 2. To embitter. [Middle English envenimen,
`to
`poison, from Old French envenimer: en-, cover with; see EN-' + venim,
`venom; see VENOM.|]
`enevieaeble (én/vé-a-bal) adj. So desirable as to arouse envy: “the
`enviable English quality of being able to be mute without unrest” (Henry
`James). —en/vieaebly adv.
`enevieous (én/vé-as) adj. 1. Feeling, expressing, or characterized by
`envy: “At times he regarded the woundedsoldiers in an envious way... . He
`
`wished that he, too, had a wound,ared badgeof courage”(Stephen Crane).
`See synonymsat jealous. 2. Archaic Eager to emulate; emulous. —en/-
`vieousely adv. —en/vieousenessn.
`eneviero (én-vi/rd) n., pl. -ros Informal An environmentalist.
`enevieron (én-vi/ran, -vi/arn) trv. -roned, -roneing,-rons To en-
`circle; surround. See synonyms at surround. {Middle English envi-
`rounen, from Old Frenchenvironner, fromenviron, roundabout : en-, in;
`see EN—' + viron, circle (fromvirer, to turn; see VEER').]
`enevieronement(én-vi/ran-mant, -vi/arn-) 1. 1. The circumstanc-
`es or conditions that surround one; surroundings. 2. The totality of cir-
`cumstances surrounding an organismorgroup oforganisms,especially:
`a. The combinationof external physical conditions thataffect and influ-
`ence the growth, development, and survival of organisms: “We shall never
`understand the natural environment until we see it as a living organism”
`(Paul Brooks). b. The complexofsocial and cultural conditionsaffecting
`the nature of an individual or community. 3. Computer Science a. The
`entire set of conditions under which one operates a computer,asitrelates
`to the hardware, operating platform, or operating system. b. An area of
`a computer's memoryused bythe operating system and some programs
`to store certain variables to which they need frequentaccess.
`enevieronemenetal (én-vi/ran-mén/tl, -vi/arn-) adj. 1. Of, relat-
`ing to, or associated with the environment. 2. Relating to or being con-
`cernedwith the ecological impactof altering the environment. 3. Med-
`icine Of or relating to potentially harmful factors originating in the
`:
`:
`cesT Mess
`anewilraneman/talely adv.
`
`[Ne
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