`
`The
`American
`HeritageDictionary
`of the English Language
`
`FOURTH EDITION
`
`
`
`y HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY
`AR) Boston NewYork
`
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`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`The American Heritage dictionary of the English language.—4th ed.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 0-395-82517-2 (hardcover) — ISBN 0-618-08230-1
`(hardcover with CD ROM)
`1. English language—Dictionaries
`PE1628 .A623 2000
`423-dc21
`
`00-025369
`
`Manufacturedin the United States of America
`
`
`
`IPR2022-01304
`IPR2022-01304
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`dher- in Appendix I).] —conefirm/aebil/iety n. —conefirm/aebia
`adj. —conefirm/aeto’ry (-far/ma-t6r’é, -tor’é) adj. —conefirm/ey
`
`n S
`
`confidence| conflicted
`Latin cénfidere : com-, intensive pref.; see COM— + fidere, to trust; see
`bheidh- in Appendix I.] —conefid/ern.
`conefiedence (kén/fi-dans) n. 1. Trustor faith in a personorthing.
`2. A trusting relationship: I took theminto my confidence. 3a. That which
`is confided;a secret: A friend does not betray confidences. b. A feeling of
`assurance that a confidantwill keep a secret: I am telling youthis in strict
`confidence. 4. A feeling of assurance,especially of self-assurance. 5. The
`state or quality of being certain: I have every confidencein your ability to
`succeed.
`*% adj. Of,relating to, or involving a swindle or fraud: a confi-
`dence scheme; a confidencetrickster.
`
`ynonyms confirm, corroborate, substantiate, authenticate, validate,
`verify These verbs meanto affirm the truth, accuracy, or genuineness of
`something. Confirm implies removal ofall doubt: “We must never make
`experiments to confirmourideas, but simply to control them”(ClaudeBer.
`nard). Corroboraterefers to supporting something by meansofstrength.
`ening evidence: The witness is expected to corroborate the plaintiff's testi.
`mony. To substantiate is to establish by presenting substantial or tangible
`Synonyms confidence, assurance, aplomb, self-confidence, self-posses-
`evidence: “one of the most fully substantiated of historical facts” (James
`Harvey Robinson). Authenticate implies the establishment of genuine.
`sion These nouns denote a feeling of emotional security resulting from
`ness of something bythe testimony of an expert: Never purchase an an-
`faith in oneself. Confidence is a firm belief in one’s powers,abilities, or
`capacities: “You gainstrength, courage and confidence by every experience
`tique before it has been authenticated. Validate refers to establishing the
`validity of something, such asa theory, claim, or judgment: Thedivorce
`in whichyoureally stop to look fear in the face” (Eleanor Roosevelt). As-
`surance even morestrongly stresses certainty and can suggest arrogance:
`validated my parents’ original objection to the marriage. Verify implies
`proving by comparison with an original or with established fact: The
`Howcanyouexplain anabstruse theory with such assurance? Aplomb im-
`bankrefused to cash the check until the signature wasverified.
`plies calm poise: “It is native personality, and that alone, that endows a
`
`
`isnotaoeshetitnensianetGains
`manto stand before presidents or generals... with aplomb” (Walt Whit-
`man). Self-confidence stresses trust in one’s ownself-sufficiency: “The
`mostvital quality a soldier canpossess is self-confidence” (GeorgeS. Pat-
`ton). Self-possession implies composure arising from control over one’s
`ownreactions: “Inlife courtesy andself-possession. .
`. are the sensible im-
`pressionsof the free mind,for botharise. .
`. from never being swept away,
`whatever the emotion, into confusion or dullness” (William Butler Yeats).
`See also synonymsat trust.
`
`conefiremaetion (kén’far-ma/shan) n. 1a. The act of confirming,
`b. Somethingthat confirms;verification. 2a. A Christian rite admitting
`a baptized personto full membership in a church. b. A ceremonyin Ju-
`daism that marks the completion of a young person’sreligioustraining,
`conefirmed(kan-firmd’) adj. 1. Being firmly settled in habit; in-
`veterate. See synonymsat chronic. 2. Having beenratified; verified. 3,
`Having received the rite of confirmation. —conefirm/edely (-far/-
`mid-lé) adv.
`confidence game1. A swindle in whichthe victimis defrauded
`conefisecaeble (kan-fis/ka-bal) adj. Subject to confiscation: confis-
`after his or her confidence has been won.
`cable goods.
`confidence intervaln.Astatistical range with a specified proba-
`conefisecate (kén/fi-skat’) trv. -cateed, -cateing, -cates 1. To
`bility that a given parameterlies within the range.
`seize (private property) for the public treasury. 2. To seize byorasif by
`authority. See synonymsat appropriate. +adj. (k6n/fi-skat’, kan-fis’-
`confidencelimit 1. Either of the two numbersthatspecify the end-
`points of a confidenceinterval.
`kat) 1. Seized by a government; appropriated. 2. Having lost property
`through confiscation. [Latin cénfiscére, confiscat : com-, com- + fiscus,
`confidence man n. A man whoswindles his victims by using a
`treasury.] —con’fiseca/tion n. —con/fiseca’tor n. —conefis/cae
`confidence game.
`to’ry (kan-fis’ka-tr’é, -tor’é) adj.
`conefiedent (k6n/fi-dant) adj. 1. Marked by assurance, as of suc-
`conefit (kon-fé’, kén-) 1. 1. Meat, such as duck,that has beensalted
`cess. 2. Marked by confidence in oneself; self-assured. See synonymsat
`sure. 3. Very bold; presumptuous. 4. Obsolete Confiding; trustful.
`and then cooked and preserved in its own fat. 2. A condiment made by
`cooking seasoned fruit or vegetables, usually to a jamlike consistency.
`[Latin confidéns, cnfident-, presentparticiple of cénfidere, to rely on. See
`[Middle English confyt, from Old French confit, from Medieval Latin
`CONFIDE.] —con/fiedentely adv.
`cénfectum, frompast participle of cénficere, to prepare. See CONFECT.]
`conefiedenetial (kén’fi-dén/shal) adj. 1. Done or communicated
`in confidence; secret. 2. Entrusted with the confidence of another: a con-
`Conefieteeor(kan-fé/té-ar, -6r’) n. A prayer in which confession of
`sins is made. [Latin Confiteor, I confess, the first word ofthe prayer,first
`fidential secretary. 3. Denoting confidence or intimacy: a confidential
`personsing. presenttense ofconfitéri, to acknowledge. See CONFESS.]
`tone of voice. 4. Containing information, the unauthorized disclosure of
`which poses a threat
`to national security. —con/fieden’tieal/iety
`conefieture (kén/fi-choor’)
`1». A confection, preserve, or jam.
`(French, from Old French, from confit, confection. See COMFIT.]
`(-shé-al/i-t@), con’fieden/tialeness n. —con’fieden/tialely adv.
`confidential communication 1n. A statement made to some-
`coneflaegrant (ken-fla’grant)
`adj. Burning intensely; blazing.
`{Latin conflagrans, cénflagrant-, presentparticiple of conflagrare, to burn
`one, such as one’s physician, attorney, priest, or spouse, who cannot be
`legally compelled to divulge the information.
`up : com-, intensive pref.; see COM- + flagrare, to burn; see bhel-' in
`AppendixI.]
`conefideing (kan-fi/ding) adj. Having a tendencyto confide;trust-
`coneflaegraetion (kén’fla-gra/shan) n. A large destructive fire.
`ing. —conefid/ingely adv. —conefid/ingeness n.
`[Latin conflagratié, conflagratibn-, from conflagratus, past participle of
`conefigeueraetion (kan-fig’ya-ra/shan) . 1a. Arrangement of
`conflagrare, to burn up. See CONFLAGRANT.|
`parts or elements. b. The form,as of a figure, determined by the ar-
`coneflate (kan-flat’) trv. -flateed, -flateing, -flates 1. To bring
`rangementofits parts or elements. See synonymsat form. 2. Psycholo-
`together; meld or fuse: “The problems [with the biopic] include .
`.
`. dates
`gy Gestalt. 3. Chemistry The structural arrangement of atomsin a com-
`moved around,
`lovers deleted, many characters conflated into one” (Ty
`pound or molecule. 4. Computer Science a. The way in which a
`Burr). 2. To combine (two variant texts, for example) into one whole.
`computersystem is set up: changed the configurationbyresetting the pa-
`{Latin cénflare, conflat- : com-, com- + fldre, to blow; see bhlé- in Ap-
`rameters. b. Theset of constituent components, such as memory, a hard
`pendix I.] —conefla/tion n.
`disk, a monitor, and anoperating system, that make up a computer sys-
`tem. ¢. The way that the components of a computer network are con-
`coneflict (kon/flikt’) 1. 1. A state of open, often prolongedfighting;
`a battle or war. 2. A state of disharmony between incompatible or anti-
`nected. —conefig/uera/tionealely adv. —conefig/uera’tive, cone
`thetical persons,ideas,or interests; a clash. 3. Psychology A psychic strug-
`fig’uera/tioneal adj.
`Gestalt
`gle, often unconscious, resulting from the opposition or simultaneous
`conefigeueraetioneism (kan-fig’ya-ra/sha-niz’/am)
`functioning of mutually exclusive impulses, desires, or tendencies. 4.
`psychology.
`Opposition between characters or forces in a work of dramaorfiction,
`conefigeure (kan-fig/yar) tr.v. -ured, -ureing, -ures To design,ar-
`especially opposition that motivates or shapes the action of the plot.
`range,set up, or shape with a view to specific applications oruses: a mil-
`* intrv. (kan-flikt/) -flicteed, -flicteing, -flicts 1. To be in or come
`itary vehicle that was configured for rough terrain; configured the computer
`into opposition; differ. 2. Archaic To engagein warfare. [Middle English,
`by setting the system’s parameters. [Middle English configuren, from Old
`fromLatin conflictus,collision, from pastparticiple of confligere, to strike
`French configurer, from Latin cénfigirare : com-, com- + figiirare, to form
`together : com-, com- + fligere, to strike.] —coneflic/tion n. —con®
`(from figtira, shape; see dheigh- in Appendix I).]
`flic/tive adj. —coneflic/tueal (kan-flik’choo-al) adj.
`conefine (kan-fin’)
`v. -fined, -fineing, -fines —tr. 1. To keep
`within bounds;restrict: Please confine your remarksto the issues at hand.
`Synonyms conflict, contest, combat, fight These nounsdenote struggle
`See synonymsatlimit. 2. To shut or keepin, especially to imprison. 3.
`between opposing forces for victory or supremacy. Conflict applies both
`To restrict in movement: The sick child was confined to bed. —intr. Ar-
`to open fighting between hostile groupsandto a struggle between anti-
`chaic To border. # n. (k6n/fin’) 1. confines a. Thelimits of a space
`thetical forces: “The kind of victory MacArthur had in mind.. . victory by
`or area; the borders: within the confines of one county. b. Restrainingel-
`expanding the conflict to all of China—would have been the wrong kind of
`ements: wanted to escape the confines of corporate politics. ¢. Purview;
`victory” (Harry S. Truman). “Fortunately analysis is not the only way to
`scope: a theory thatis well within the confines of science. 2a. Archaic A
`resolve innerconflicts” (Karen Horney). Contest can refereither to friend-
`restriction. b. Obsolete A prison. [French confiner, from Old French,
`ly competition orto a hostile struggle to achieve an objective: a spelling
`from confins, boundaries, ultimately from Latin confine, from neuter of
`contest; the gubernatorial contest. Combat most commonly implies an en-
`cénfinis, adjoining : com-, com- + finis, border.] —conefin/aeble,
`counter between two armedpersonsor groups: “Alexander had appeared
`conefine/aeble adj. —conefin/ern.
`to him, armed for combat” (Connop Thirlwall). Fight usually refers to 4
`conefineement(kan-fin/mant) 1. 1. The act of confining or the
`clash involving individual adversaries: A fight was scheduled betweenthe
`state of being confined. 2. Lying-in.
`world boxing championandthe challenger. “There is nothing I love as much
`conefirm (kan-firm’) trv. -firmed, -firmeing, -firms 1. To sup-
`as a good fight” (Franklin D. Roosevelt). See also synonymsat discord.
`portorestablish the certainty or validity of; verify. 2. To make firmer;
`strengthen: Working on the campaignconfirmed herintention to go into
`coneflicteed (kan-flik/tid) adj. Usage Problem Made uneasy by con-
`politics. 3. To make valid or binding by a formalorlegalact; ratify. 4.
`flicting impulses.a
`To administerthe religious rite of confirmationto. [Middle English con-
`firmen, from Old French confermer, from Latin cénfirmare : com-, inten-
`Usage Note Theadjective conflicted is most often associated with the
`sive pref.; see COM— + firmare, to strengthen (from firmus, strong; see
`jargon of pop psychology. Almost the entire Usage Panel (92 percent) re
`
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