`
`Ellisen Shelton Turner (SBN #224842)
`Joshua Glucoft (SBN #301249)
`KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP
`2049 Century Park East, Suite 3700
`Los Angeles, CA 90067
`Tel: (310) 552-4200
`Fax: (310) 552-5900
`ellisen.turner@kirkland.com
`josh.glucoft@kirkland.com
`
`Akshay S. Deoras (SBN #301962)
`KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP
`555 California Street
`San Francisco, CA 94104
`Tel: (415) 439-1400
`Fax: (415) 439-1500
`akshay.deoras@kirkland.com
`
`Jeanne M. Heffernan (pro hac vice forthcoming)
`KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP
`401 Congress Avenue
`Austin, TX 78701
`Tel: (512) 678-9100
`Fax: (512) 678-9101
`jheffernan@kirkland.com
`
`
`Counsel for Defendants Meta Platforms, Inc.
`and Meta Platforms Technologies, LLC
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
`FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
`OAKLAND DIVISION
`
`GENTEX CORPORATION and INDIGO
`TECHNOLOGIES, LLC,
`
`Plaintiffs,
`
`THALES VISIONIX, INC.,
`
`Involuntary Plaintiff,
`
`
`v.
`
`META PLATFORMS, INC. and META
`PLATFORMS TECHNOLOGIES, LLC,
`
`Defendants.
`
`
`Case No.: 4:22-cv-03892-YGR
`
`DEFENDANTS META PLATFORMS,
`INC. AND META PLATFORMS
`TECHNOLOGIES, LLC’S SECOND
`SUPPLEMENTAL INVALIDITY
`CONTENTIONS
`
`JURY TRIAL DEMANDED
`
`
`DEFENDANTS’ SECOND SUPPLEMENTAL
`INVALIDITY CONTENTIONS
`
`
`
`CASE NO.: 4:22-CV-03892-YGR
`Exhibit 2004
`Page 1 of 26
`
`1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
`
`10
`11
`12
`13
`14
`15
`16
`17
`18
`19
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`21
`22
`23
`24
`25
`26
`27
`28
`
`

`

`
`
`in the art would have understood at the times of the alleged inventions. Defendants reserve the right
`to rely upon additional prior art, information, and/or knowledge to demonstrate what one of ordinary
`skill would have understood at any time prior to the date of alleged invention of the Asserted Claims.
`B.
`Claim Charts
`in Appendix A as
`the claim charts attached
`rules,
`Pursuant
`to
`the
`local
`Exhibits A-1 through A-29 identify where each limitation of the Asserted Claims of the ’068 Patent is
`found in the prior art.
`C.
`Identification of the Prior Art
`Based on Plaintiffs’ October 12, 2021 Preliminary Infringement Contentions, December 22,
`2021 Amended Infringement Contentions, and October 21, 2022 Infringement Contentions,
`Defendants identify prior art below and in Appendix A as Exhibits A-1 through A-29, which contains
`charts disclosing the identity of each item of prior art that anticipates each claim and/or renders it
`obvious. As shown in Appendix A as Exhibits A-1 through A-29 and below, Defendants have
`identified each prior art reference by its number, country of origin, author, and date of issue (where
`applicable). Defendants note that it has applied the prior art in accordance with Plaintiffs’ improper
`assertions of infringement and improper applications of the claims. Defendants do not agree with
`Plaintiffs’ application of the claims and deny infringement.
`Defendants further contend that all claims that are anticipated by a particular reference are also
`rendered obvious by that same reference alone, in combination with the other references, and/or in
`combination with the knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art. Defendants reserve the right
`to rely upon any combination of the charted prior art under 35 U.S.C. § 103, yet Defendants have also
`identified exemplary obviousness combination in Section III.E, infra.
`’068 Patent Prior Art Patents/Patent Applications
`Patent / Publication No. Country
`Filing Date
`of Origin
`U.S.
`
`Dec. 31, 1998
`
`Date of Issue /
`Publication
`May 14, 2002
`
`Ex. No.
`
`Ex. A-1
`
`6,388,657 (“Natoli”)
`
`Ex. A-2
`Ex. A-3
`Ex. A-4
`
`5,386,308 (“Michel”)
`5,850,201 (“Lasko-Harvill”)
`5,615,132 (“Horton”)
`
`DEFENDANTS’ SECOND SUPPLEMENTAL
`INVALIDITY CONTENTIONS
`
`
`
`U.S.
`U.S.
`U.S.
`
`8
`
`June 3, 1994
`Oct. 6, 1994
`Jan. 21, 1994
`
`Jan. 31, 1995
`Dec. 15, 1998
`Mar. 25, 1997
`
`CASE NO.: 4:22-CV-03892-YGR
`Exhibit 2004
`Page 2 of 26
`
`1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
`
`10
`11
`12
`13
`14
`15
`16
`17
`18
`19
`20
`21
`22
`23
`24
`25
`26
`27
`28
`
`

`

`’068 Patent Prior Art Patents/Patent Applications
`Patent / Publication No. Country
`Filing Date
`of Origin
`U.S.
`U.S.
`DE
`U.S.
`
`5,803,738 (“Latham”)
`6,771,294 (“Pulli”)
`19830359 (“Helge”)
`5,592,401 (“Kramer”)
`
`Aug. 5, 1996
`Dec. 29, 1999
`July 7, 1998
`Feb. 28, 1995
`
`Ex. No.
`
`Ex. A-5
`Ex. A-6
`Ex. A-8
`Ex. A-29
`
`Ex. No.
`
`Date of Issue /
`Publication
`Sept. 8, 1998
`Aug. 3, 2004
`Jan. 20, 2000
`Jan. 7, 1997
`
`Publisher
`
`’068 Patent Prior Art Publications
`Date of
`Title
`Author
`Publication
`Jan. 1996
`
`Ex. A-13
`
`Ex. A-7 A Wireless Link to Six
`Degree of Freedom Inertial
`Tracker (“Rodkin”)
`Ex. A-9 Egocentric Object
`Manipulation in Virtual
`Environments: Empirical
`Evaluation of Interaction
`Techniques (“Poupyrev”)
`Ex. A-10 Spatial Information Displays
`on a Wearable Computer
`(“Billinghurst”)
`Ex. A-11 Miniature 6-DOF Inertial
`System for Tracking HMDs
`(“Foxlin Article”)
`Inertial Proprioceptive
`Devices: Self-motion
`Sensing Toys and Tools
`(“Verplaetse”)
`Ex. A-22 Dynamic Registration
`Correction in Augmented-
`Reality Systems (“Bajura”)
`Ex. A-22 Shared Space: An
`Augmented Reality
`Approach for Computer
`Supported Collaborative
`Work (“Billinghurst 1998”)
`Ex. A-22 Application of Inertial
`Sensors and Flux-Gate
`Magnetometer to Real-Time
`Human Body Motion
`Capture (“Frey”)
`Ex. A-22 Free-Hand Pointer by Use of
`an Active Stereo Vision
`System (“Hung”)
`
`John J. Rodkin Massachusetts
`Inst. of Tech.
`
`1998
`
`I. Poupyrev, et
`al.
`
`Eurographics
`Assoc. &
`Blackwell Pubs.
`
`Nov./Dec.
`1998
`
`Apr. 1998
`
`Mark
`Billinghurst, et
`al.
`Foxlin, et al.
`
`IEEE
`
`SPIE
`
`1996
`
`C. Verplaetse
`
`IBM
`
`1995
`
`M. Bajura
`
`IEEE
`
`1998
`
`Mark
`Billinghurst
`
`Springer
`
`Sept. 1996 William Frey III Naval
`Postgraduate
`School
`
`1998
`
`Hung
`
`IEEE
`
`DEFENDANTS’ SECOND SUPPLEMENTAL
`INVALIDITY CONTENTIONS
`
`9
`
`CASE NO.: 4:22-CV-03892-YGR
`Exhibit 2004
`Page 3 of 26
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
`
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`11
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`28
`
`

`

`’068 Patent Prior Art Publications
`Date of
`Title
`Author
`Publication
`1997
`
`Mark R. Mine,
`et al.
`
`Publisher
`
`ACM
`
`
`
`Ex. No.
`
`Ex. A-22 Moving Objects in Space:
`Exploiting Proprioception in
`Virtual-Environment
`Interaction (“Mine-I”)
`Ex. A-22 Virtual Environment
`Interaction Techniques
`(“Mine-II”)
`Ex. A-22 Virtual Reality on a WIM:
`Interactive Worlds in
`Miniature (“Stoakley”)
`Ex. A-23 Autocalibration for Virtual
`Environments Tracking
`Hardware (“Gottschalk”)
`Ex. A-24 The Science of Virtual
`Reality and Virtual
`Environments (“Kalawsky”)
`
`May 1995 Mark R. Mine
`
`UNC Chapel
`Hill
`
`1995
`
`1993
`
`1993
`
`Richard
`Stoakley et al.
`
`ACM
`
`S. Gottschalk, et
`a.
`
`ACM
`
`Roy S.
`Kalawsky
`
`MIT
`
`
`
`Ex. No.
`
`’068 Patent Prior Art Products
`Product Name
`
`Ex. A-12 Nintendo Virtual Boy (“Nintendo”)
`Ex. A-14 Virtual Vision Head Mounted Displays (“Virtual
`Vision”)
`Ex. A-15
`InterSense IS-300
`Ex. A-15
`InterSense IS-300 Pro
`Ex. A-15
`InterSense IS-300 Precision Motion Tracker2
`Ex. A-16
`InterSense IS-600 (“IS-600”)
`Ex. A-17 Pegasus FreeD (“Pegasus”)
`Ex. A-18 Sega Products
`Ex. A-19
`InterTrax and InterTrax 2 (“InterTrax”)
`Ex. A-20 Forte VFX1
`Ex. A-21 VPL Products
`Ex. A-25 VuMan
`Ex. A-25 Private Eye
`Ex. A-25 Navigator 2
`Ex. A-26 Virtual Research VR4 (“VR4”)
`Ex. A-27 Boeing TriSen (“TriSen”)
`
`Public Availability
`Date
`1995
`1999
`
`1996
`1996
`1996
`1996
`1997
`1993
`1998
`1995
`1989
`1999
`1990
`1995
`1994
`1997
`
`
`2 InterSense IS-300, IS-300 Pro, and IS-300 Precision Motion Tracker are referred to collectively,
`herein, as “IS-300.”
`
`DEFENDANTS’ SECOND SUPPLEMENTAL
`INVALIDITY CONTENTIONS
`
`10
`
`
`
`CASE NO.: 4:22-CV-03892-YGR
`Exhibit 2004
`Page 4 of 26
`
`1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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`28
`
`

`

`
`
`Ex. No.
`
`’068 Patent Prior Art Products
`Product Name
`
`Ex. A-28 Polhemus 6DOF Sensors (“Polhemus”)
`
`
`Public Availability
`Date
`1997
`
`Exemplary Background Art
`David R. Pratt, Insertion of an Articulated Human into a Networked Virtual Environment,
`Univ. of Florida (1994) (“Pratt”)
`E. R. Bachmann, et al., Orientation Tracking for Humans and Robots Using Inertial Sensors,
`Int’l Symposium on Computation Intelligence in Robotics & Automation (1999)
`(“Bachmann”)
`Mel Slater, The Virtual Treadmill: A Naturalistic Metaphor for Navigation in Immersive
`Virtual Environments, Springer (1995) (“Slater”)
`Randy Pausch et al., Quantifying Immersion in Virtual Reality, SIGGRAPH97: 24TH INT’L
`CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION ON COMPUT. GRAPHICS AND INTERACTIVE
`TECHNIQUES, ACM (1997) (“Pausch”)
`Lawrence Rosenblum, The Virtual Reality Responsive Workbench: Applications and
`Experiences, Naval Research Lab. (1997) (“Rosenblum”)
`Grigore Burdea et al., Multimodal Virtual Reality: Input-Output Devices, System Integration,
`and Human Factors, Taylor and Francis Ltd. (1996) (“Burdea”)
`R. T. Azuma, Improving Static and Dynamic Registration in an Optical See-through HMD,
`UNC Chapel Hill (1994) (“Improving Static”)
`Steve Mann, Smart Clothing: The Wearable Computer and WearCam, PERSONAL
`TECHNOLOGIES (1997), Vol. 1, pp. 21-27 (“Mann”)
`Len Bass et al., The Design of a Wearable Computer, CHI ’97 MOSAIC OF CREATIVITY:
`CONFERENCE ON HUMAN FACTORS IN COMPUTING SYSTEMS (March 1997), pp.
`22-27 (“Bass”)
`Barfield et al., Fundamentals of Wearable Computers and Augmented Reality (Mar. 2001)
`(“Barfield”)
`The exemplary background art, and any other background art, is evidence of the knowledge of
`a person of ordinary skill in the art.
`Furthermore, with respect to the ’068 Patent, under 35 U.S.C. § 102(f), Defendants identify
`the activities of entities involved in inertial orientation and position tracking as referenced in
`Provisional Application No. 60/178,797, to which Plaintiffs claim priority. See, e.g., Prov. App. No.
`60/178,797 at 3.
`Furthermore, with respect to the ’068 Patent, under 35 U.S.C. §§ 102(a), (b), and (g)(2),
`Defendants identify multiple prior art systems developed prior to January 28, 2000, including, for
`example, the Virtual Vision HMDs, InterSense IS-300, IS-300 Pro, InterSense IS-300 Precision
`Motion Tracker, InterSense-600, Pegasus, Sega, InterTrax and InterTrax 2, Forte VFX1, VPL
`DEFENDANTS’ SECOND SUPPLEMENTAL
`11
`CASE NO.: 4:22-CV-03892-YGR
`INVALIDITY CONTENTIONS
`Exhibit 2004
`Page 5 of 26
`
`
`
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`
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`13
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`
`

`

`
`
`ordinary skill in the art, by Billinghurst as set forth in the attached claim chart. At least under
`Plaintiffs’ apparent infringement theory, Asserted Claims 1-2, 5, 8, 11, 14-20, 23-24, and 26-28 of the
`’068 Patent are anticipated, either expressly or inherently as understood by a person having ordinary
`skill in the art, by Billinghurst 1998 as set forth in the attached claim chart. At least under Plaintiffs’
`apparent infringement theory, Asserted Claims 1-2, 8, 11, 14-15, 19-20, 47-48, and 50 of the ’068
`Patent are anticipated, either expressly or inherently as understood by a person having ordinary skill
`in the art, by the Sega Products as set forth in the attached claim chart. At least under Plaintiffs’
`apparent infringement theory, Asserted Claims 1-2, 4-5, 7-8, 11-12, 14-19, 23-26, 29-30, 35, 41, 45-
`48, 50, 54, and 56-57 of the ’068 Patent are anticipated, either expressly or inherently as understood
`by a person having ordinary skill in the art, by Pulli as set forth in the attached claim chart. At least
`under Plaintiffs’ apparent infringement theory, Asserted Claims 1-2, 4-5, 7-8, 11-12, 14-20, 23-31, 33,
`35, 41, 45-48, 50, 54, and 56-59 of the ’068 Patent are anticipated, either expressly or inherently as
`understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art, by VPL Products as set forth in the attached
`claim chart. At least under Plaintiffs’ apparent infringement theory, Asserted Claims 1, 5, 50, 54, and
`56-59 of the ’068 Patent are anticipated, either expressly or inherently as understood by a person
`having ordinary skill in the art, by IS-300 and IS-600 as set forth in the attached claim chart. At least
`under Plaintiffs’ apparent infringement theory, Asserted Claims 1, 7, 11, 14-20, 23-25, 29-31, 33, 46,
`54, and 56 of the ’068 Patent are anticipated, either expressly or inherently as understood by a person
`having ordinary skill in the art, by VuMan as set forth in the attached claim chart. At least under
`Plaintiffs’ apparent infringement theory, Asserted Claims 1, 14, and 54, of the ’068 Patent are
`anticipated, either expressly or inherently as understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art,
`by Gottschalk as set forth in the attached claim chart. At least under Plaintiffs’ apparent infringement
`theory, Asserted Claims 1, 7, 19, 50, 54, 56, and 59, of the ’068 Patent are anticipated, either expressly
`or inherently as understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art, by Kramer as set forth in the
`attached claim chart.
`E.
`Obviousness
`At least under Plaintiffs’ apparent infringement theory, the Asserted Claims of the ’068 Patent
`are rendered obvious by the references identified in the attached claim charts, either alone or in the
`DEFENDANTS’ SECOND SUPPLEMENTAL
`13
`CASE NO.: 4:22-CV-03892-YGR
`INVALIDITY CONTENTIONS
`Exhibit 2004
`Page 6 of 26
`
`
`
`1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
`
`10
`11
`12
`13
`14
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`28
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`combinations with other prior art references as identified below. Defendants contend that one of
`ordinary skill in the art, at the time of the alleged invention of the Asserted ’068 Patent Claims, would
`have been motivated to combine the references disclosed herein in such a way to reach the alleged
`inventions. In certain instances, the suggested obviousness combinations are provided in the
`alternative to Defendants’ anticipation contentions, which shall not be construed to suggest that any
`reference included in the combinations is not by itself anticipatory. The combinations evidencing
`teachings, suggestions, and/or motivations to combine the prior art references in a way that renders
`the Asserted Claims obvious are merely exemplary.
`Claim 1 is rendered obvious by Natoli, Michel, Lasko-Harvill, IS-300, IS-600, Sega, Horton,
`Pulli, InterTrax, VPL Systems, Gottschalk, VR4, Private Eye, Billinghurst, Kramer, and Poupyrev
`(the “’068 Primary References”) alone, in combination with one or more of the ’068 Primary
`References, or in combination with any of the following secondary references: Rodkin, Virtual Vision,
`Pegasus, Latham, Forte, Foxlin Article, Verplaetse, TriSen, Navigator 2, Mine-I, Mine-II, Billinghurst
`1998, Bajura, Kalawsky, VuMan, Frey, Helge, Nintendo, and/or Polhemus.
`Claim 2 is rendered obvious by the ’068 Primary References alone, in combination with one
`or more of the ’068 Primary References, or in combination with any of the following secondary
`references: Forte and/or Polhemus.
`Claim 4 is rendered obvious by the ’068 Primary References alone, or in combination with one
`or more of the ’068 Primary References.
`Claim 5 is rendered obvious by the ’068 Primary References alone, in combination with one
`or more of the ’068 Primary References, or in combination with any of the following secondary
`references: Mine-I, Stoakley, and/or Polhemus.
`Claim 7 is rendered obvious by the ’068 Primary References alone, in combination with one
`or more of the ’068 Primary References, or in combination with any of the following secondary
`references: Rodkin.
`Claim 8 is rendered obvious by the ’068 Primary References alone, in combination with one
`or more of the ’068 Primary References, or in combination with any of the following secondary
`references: Forte and/or Rodkin.
`DEFENDANTS’ SECOND SUPPLEMENTAL
`INVALIDITY CONTENTIONS
`
`14
`
`CASE NO.: 4:22-CV-03892-YGR
`Exhibit 2004
`Page 7 of 26
`
`1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
`
`10
`11
`12
`13
`14
`15
`16
`17
`18
`19
`20
`21
`22
`23
`24
`25
`26
`27
`28
`
`

`

`’648 Patent Prior Art Patents/Patent Applications
`Patent / Publication No. Country
`Filing Date
`of Origin
`U.S.
`
`Dec. 31, 1998
`
`6,388,657 (“Natoli”)
`
`5,386,308 (“Michel”)
`5,850,201 (“Lasko-Harvill”)
`5,615,132 (“Horton”)
`5,803,738 (“Latham”)
`6,771,294 (“Pulli”)
`19830359 (“Helge”)
`5,902,351 (“Streit”)
`5,592,401 (“Kramer”)
`
`U.S.
`U.S.
`U.S.
`U.S.
`U.S.
`DE
`U.S.
`U.S.
`
`June 3, 1994
`Oct. 6, 1994
`Jan. 21, 1994
`Aug. 5, 1996
`Dec. 29, 1999
`July 7, 1998
`Aug. 24, 1995
`Feb. 28, 1995
`
`Date of Issue /
`Publication
`May 14, 2002
`
`Jan. 31, 1995
`Dec. 15, 1998
`Mar. 25, 1997
`Sept. 8, 1998
`Aug. 3, 2004
`Jan. 20, 2000
`May 11, 1999
`Jan. 7, 1997
`
`Publisher
`
`’648 Patent Prior Art Publications
`Date of
`Title
`Author
`Publication
`Jan. 1996
`
`Ex. No.
`
`Ex. B-1
`
`Ex. B-2
`Ex. B-3
`Ex. B-4
`Ex. B-5
`Ex. B-6
`Ex. B-8
`Ex. B-29
`Ex. B-31
`
`Ex. No.
`
`Ex. B-9
`
`Ex. B-13
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
`
`10
`11
`12
`13
`14
`15
`16
`17
`18
`19
`20
`21
`22
`23
`24
`25
`26
`27
`28
`
`Ex. B-7 A Wireless Link to Six
`Degree of Freedom Inertial
`Tracker (“Rodkin”)
`Egocentric Object
`Manipulation in Virtual
`Environments: Empirical
`Evaluation of Interaction
`Techniques (“Poupyrev”)
`Ex. B-10 Spatial Information
`Displays on a Wearable
`Computer (“Billinghurst”)
`Ex. B-11 Miniature 6-DOF Inertial
`System for Tracking
`HMDs (“Foxlin Article”)
`Inertial Proprioceptive
`Devices: Self-motion
`Sensing Toys and Tools
`(“Verplaetse”)
`Ex. B-22 Dynamic Registration
`Correction in Augmented-
`Reality Systems (“Bajura”)
`Ex. B-22 Shared Space: An
`Augmented Reality
`Approach for Computer
`Supported Collaborative
`Work (“Billinghurst 1998”)
`
`John J. Rodkin Mass. Inst. of
`Tech.
`
`1998
`
`I. Poupyrev, et
`al.
`
`Eurographics
`Assoc. &
`Blackwell Pubs.
`
`Nov./Dec.
`1998
`
`Apr. 1998
`
`Mark
`Billinghurst, et
`al.
`Foxlin, et al.
`
`IEEE
`
`SPIE
`
`1996
`
`C. Verplaetse
`
`IBM
`
`1995
`
`M. Bajura
`
`IEEE
`
`1998
`
`Mark
`Billinghurst
`
`Springer
`
`DEFENDANTS’ SECOND SUPPLEMENTAL
`INVALIDITY CONTENTIONS
`
`30
`
`CASE NO.: 4:22-CV-03892-YGR
`Exhibit 2004
`Page 8 of 26
`
`

`

`Ex. No.
`
`Ex. B-22 Application of Inertial
`Sensors and Flux-Gate
`Magnetometer to Real-
`Time Human Body Motion
`Capture (“Frey”)
`Ex. B-22 Moving Objects in Space:
`Exploiting Proprioception
`in Virtual-Environment
`Interaction (“Mine-I”)
`Ex. B-22 Free-Hand Pointer by Use
`of an Active Stereo Vision
`System (“Hung”)
`Ex. B-22 Virtual Environment
`Interaction Techniques
`(“Mine-II”)
`Ex. B-22 Virtual Reality on a WIM:
`Interactive Worlds in
`Miniature (“Stoakley”)
`Ex. B-23 Autocalibration for Virtual
`Environments Tracking
`Hardware (“Gottschalk”)
`Ex. B-24 The Science of Virtual
`Reality and Virtual
`Environments
`(“Kalawsky”)
`Ex. B-30 Helmet-Mounted Displays
`(“Velger”)
`
`’648 Patent Prior Art Publications
`Date of
`Title
`Author
`Publication
`Sept. 1996 William Frey III Naval
`Postgraduate
`School
`
`Publisher
`
`1997
`
`Mark R. Mine,
`et al.
`
`ACM
`
`1998
`
`Hung
`
`IEEE
`
`May 1995 Mark R. Mine
`
`UNC Chapel
`Hill
`
`1995
`
`1993
`
`1993
`
`Richard
`Stoakley et al.
`
`ACM
`
`S. Gottschalk, et
`a.
`
`ACM
`
`Roy S.
`Kalawsky
`
`MIT
`
`1998
`
`M. Velger
`
`Artech House
`Publishers
`
`
`
`Ex. No.
`
`’648 Patent Prior Art Products
`Product Name
`
`Ex. B-12 Nintendo Virtual Boy (“Nintendo”)
`Ex. B-14 Virtual Vision Head Mounted Displays (“Virtual Vision”)
`Ex. B-15
`InterSense IS-300
`Ex. B-15
`InterSense IS-300 Pro
`Ex. B-15
`InterSense IS-300 Precision Motion Tracker
`Ex. B-16
`InterSense IS-600 (“IS-600”)
`Ex. B-17 Pegasus FreeD (“Pegasus”)
`Ex. B-18 Sega Products
`Ex. B-19
`InterTrax/InterTrax 2 (“InterTrax”)
`Ex. B-20 Headset: Forte VFX1
`Ex. B-21 VPL Products
`
`Public
`Availability Date
`1995
`1999
`1996
`1996
`1996
`1996
`1997
`1993
`1998
`1995
`1989
`
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`
`Ex. No.
`
`’648 Patent Prior Art Products
`Product Name
`
`Ex. B-25 VuMan
`Ex. B-25 Private Eye
`Ex. B-25 Navigator 2
`Ex. B-26 Virtual Research VR4 (“VR4”)
`Ex. B-27 Boeing TriSen (“TriSen”)
`Ex. B-28 Polhemus Sensors (“Polhemus”)
`
`Public
`Availability Date
`1999
`1990
`1995
`1994
`1997
`1997
`
`Exemplary Background Art
`David R. Pratt, Insertion of an Articulated Human into a Networked Virtual Environment,
`Univ. of Florida (1994) (“Pratt”)
`E. R. Bachmann, et al., Orientation Tracking for Humans and Robots Using Inertial Sensors,
`Int’l Symposium on Computation Intelligence in Robotics & Automation (1999)
`(“Bachmann”)
`Mel Slater, The Virtual Treadmill: A Naturalistic Metaphor for Navigation in Immersive
`Virtual Environments, Springer (1995) (“Slater”)
`Randy Pausch et al., Quantifying Immersion in Virtual Reality, SIGGRAPH97: 24TH INT’L
`CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION ON COMPUT. GRAPHICS AND INTERACTIVE
`TECHNIQUES ACM (1997) (“Pausch”)
`Lawrence Rosenblum, The Virtual Reality Responsive Workbench: Applications and
`Experiences, Naval Research Lab. (1997) (“Rosenblum”)
`Grigore Burdea et al., Multimodal Virtual Reality: Input-Output Devices, System Integration,
`and Human Factors, Taylor and Francis Ltd. (1996) (“Burdea”)
`R. T. Azuma, Improving Static and Dynamic Registration in an Optical See-through HMD,
`UNC Chapel Hill (1994) (“Improving Static”)
`Steve Mann, Smart Clothing: The Wearable Computer and WearCam, PERSONAL
`TECHNOLOGIES (1997), Vol. 1, pp. 21-27 (“Mann”)
`Len Bass et al., The Design of a Wearable Computer, CHI ’97 MOSAIC OF CREATIVITY:
`CONFERENCE ON HUMAN FACTORS IN COMPUTING SYSTEMS (March 1997), pp.
`22-27 (“Bass”)
`Barfield et al., Fundamentals of Wearable Computers and Augmented Reality (Mar. 2001)
`(“Barfield”)
`
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`The exemplary background art, and any other background art, is evidence of the knowledge of
`a person of ordinary skill in the art.
`Furthermore, with respect to the ’648 Patent, under 35 U.S.C. § 102(f), Defendants identify
`the activities of entities involved in inertial orientation and position tracking as referenced in
`Provisional Application No. 60/178,797, to which Plaintiffs claim priority. See, e.g., Prov. App. No.
`60/178,797 at 3.
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`inventions. In certain instances, the suggested obviousness combinations are provided in the
`alternative to Defendants’ anticipation contentions, which shall not be construed to suggest that any
`reference included in the combinations is not by itself anticipatory. The combinations evidencing
`teachings, suggestions, and/or motivations to combine the prior art references in a way that renders
`the Asserted Claims obvious are merely exemplary.
`Claim 1 is rendered obvious by Natoli, Michel, Lasko-Harvill, IS-300, IS-600, Sega, Horton,
`Pulli, InterTrax, VPL Systems, Gottschalk, VR4, Private Eye, Billinghurst, Kramer, and Poupyrev
`(the “’648 Primary References”) alone, in combination with one or more of the ’648 Primary
`References, or in combination with any of the following secondary references: Rodkin, Virtual Vision,
`Latham, Forte, Foxlin Article, Verplaetse, TriSen, Navigator 2, Mine-I, Mine-II, Billinghurst 1998,
`Bajura, Kalawsky, VuMan, Frey, Helge, Pegasus, Streit, Velger, Nintendo, and/or Polhemus.
`Claim 2 is rendered obvious by the ’648 Primary References alone, in combination with one
`or more of the ’648 Primary References, or in combination with any of the following secondary
`references: Rodkin, Virtual Vision, Latham, Forte, Foxlin Article, Verplaetse, TriSen, Navigator 2,
`Mine-I, Mine-II, Billinghurst 1998, Bajura, Kalawsky, VuMan, Frey, and/or Velger.
`Claim 3 is rendered obvious by the ’648 Primary References alone, in combination with one
`or more of the ’648 Primary References, or in combination with any of the following secondary
`references: Rodkin, Virtual Vision, Latham, Forte, Foxlin Article, Verplaetse, Mine-I, Mine-II,
`Billinghurst 1998, Kalawsky, VuMan, Frey, Pegasus, and/or Streit.
`Claim 4 is rendered obvious by the ’648 Primary References alone, in combination with one
`or more of the ’648 Primary References, or in combination with any of the following secondary
`references: Latham, Forte, Foxlin Article, Navigator 2, Mine-I, Mine-II, Billinghurst 1998, Kalawsky,
`Helge, Pegasus, and/or Stoakley.
`Claim 5 is rendered obvious by the ’648 Primary References alone, in combination with one
`or more of the ’648 Primary References, or in combination with any of the following secondary
`references: Foxlin Article, Navigator 2, Mine-I, Mine-II, Billinghurst 1998, Kalawsky, Frey, and/or
`Helge.
`
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`interpretation of, the prior art referenced by the attached claim chart. Defendants may rely upon that
`prior art, including the “References Cited” on the face of the ’024 Patent to demonstrate the general
`state of the art at the time of the alleged inventions and what one of ordinary skill in the art would
`have understood at a time prior to the date of the alleged invention of the Asserted Claim. This prior
`art is exemplary only, and is not in any way intended to limit the scope of what one of ordinary skill
`in the art would have understood at the times of the alleged inventions. Defendants reserve the right
`to rely upon additional prior art, information, and/or knowledge to demonstrate what one of ordinary
`skill would have understood at any time prior to the date of alleged invention of the Asserted Claim.
`B.
`Claim Charts
`in Appendix A as
`the claim charts attached
`rules,
`Pursuant
`to
`the
`local
`Exhibits C-1 through C-25 identify where each limitation of the Asserted Claim of the ’024 Patent is
`found in the prior art.
`C.
`Identification of the Prior Art
`Based on Plaintiffs’ October 12, 2021 Preliminary Infringement Contentions, December 22,
`2021 Amended Infringement Contentions, and October 21, 2022 Infringement Contentions,
`Defendants identify prior art below and in Appendix A as Exhibits C-1 through C-25, which contains
`charts disclosing the identity of each item of prior art that anticipates each claim and/or renders it
`obvious. As shown in Appendix A as Exhibits C-1 through C-25 and below, Defendants have
`identified each prior art reference by its number, country of origin, author, and date of issue (where
`applicable). Defendants note that it has applied the prior art in accordance with Plaintiffs’ improper
`assertions of infringement and improper applications of the claims. Defendants do not agree with
`Plaintiffs’ application of the claims and deny infringement.
`Defendants further contend that all claims that are anticipated by a particular reference are also
`rendered obvious by that same reference alone, in combination with the other references, and/or in
`combination with the knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art. Defendants reserve the right
`to rely upon any combination of the charted prior art under 35 U.S.C. § 103, yet Defendants have also
`identified exemplary obviousness combination in Section V.E, infra.
`
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`

`’024 Patent Prior Art Patents/Patent Applications
`Patent / Publication No. Country of
`Filing Date
`Origin
`U.S.
`U.S.
`U.S.
`U.S.
`U.S.
`
`Date of Issue /
`Publication
`July 22, 2005 Nov. 30, 2010
`Sept. 30, 2003
`Sept. 1, 2009
`May 6, 2006
`Aug. 5, 2014
`Dec. 3, 2005
`Aug. 17, 2006
`Mar. 4, 2004
`Sept. 9, 2004
`
`7,843,429 (“Pryor”)
`7,583,275 (“Neumann 275”)
`8,797,260 (“Mao”)
`2006/0184013 (“Emanuel”)
`2004/0172838 (“Satoh
`838”)
`5,818,424 (“Korth”)
`2007/0066881 (“Edwards”)
`5,307,289 (“Harris”)
`5,012,424 (“Dodson 424”)
`2003/0063292
`(“Mostafavi”)
`
`Ex. No.
`
`Ex. C-1
`Ex. C-2
`Ex. C-3
`Ex. C-4
`Ex. C-5
`
`Ex. C-7
`Ex. C-8
`Ex. C-25
`Ex. C-25
`Ex. C-25
`
`
`
`Ex. No.
`
`Ex. C-6 WearTrack: A Self-
`Referenced Head and Hand
`Tracker for Wearable
`Computers and Portable VR
`(“WearTrack”)
`Ex. C-9 Augmented Reality Tracking
`in Natural Environments
`(“Neumann”)
`Ex. C-10 A Head Tracking Method
`Using Bird’s-Eye View
`Camera and Gyroscope
`(“Satoh 2004”)
`Ex. C-11 Robust Vision-Based
`Registration Utilizing Bird’s-
`Eye View with User’s View
`(“Satoh 2003”)
`Ex. C-12 A Robust Hybrid Tracking
`System for Outdoor
`Augments Reality (“Jiang”)
`Ex. C-13 FlightTracker: A Novel
`Optical/Inertial Tracker for
`Cockpit Enhanced Vision
`(“FlightTracker, Foxlin”)
`Improving Static and
`Dynamic Registration in an
`Optical See-through HMD
`(“Improving Static”)
`
`Ex. C-14
`
`’024 Patent Prior Art Publications
`Date of
`Title
`Publication
`Oct. 2000
`
`U.S.
`U.S.
`U.S.
`U.S.
`U.S.
`
`Oct. 6, 1998
`Oct. 19, 1995
`Sept. 13, 2005 Mar. 22, 2007
`Sept. 12, 1991 Apr. 26, 1994
`Feb. 22, 1989 Apr. 30, 1991
`Sept. 3, 2002
`Apr. 3, 2003
`
`Author
`
`Publisher
`
`Eric Foxlin &
`Michael
`Harrington
`
`IEEE
`
`1999
`
`Neumann
`
`Springer
`
`2004
`
`Satoh, et al.
`
`IEEE
`
`2003
`
`Satoh, et al.
`
`IEEE
`
`Mar. 2004
`
`Jiang, et al.
`
`IEEE
`
`Nov. 2004
`
`Foxlin, et al.
`
`IEEE & ACM
`
`1994
`
`R. T. Azuma,
`et al.
`
`UNC Chapel
`Hill
`
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`Page 13 of 26
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`

`’024 Patent Prior Art Publications
`Date of
`Title
`Publication
`Aug. 1997
`
`Author
`
`Publisher
`
`R. T. Azuma MIT Press
`
`Nov/Dec
`2001
`
`R. T. Azuma,
`et al.
`
`IEEE
`
`
`
`Ex. No.
`
`Ex. C-15 A Survey of Augmented
`Reality (“Azuma”)3
`Ex. C-15 Recent Advances in
`Augmented Reality
`(“Azuma”)
`Ex. C-15 A Self-Tracking Augmented
`Reality (“Cho”)
`
`Ex. C-16 Model Based Perspective
`Inversion (“Worrall”)
`Ex. C-17 Strapdown Inertial
`Navigation Technology
`(“Strapdown”)
`Ex. C-17 Computer and Robot Vision
`Vol. I and II (“Computer and
`Robot Vision”)
`
`U. Neumann
`& Y. Cho
`
`A.D. Worrall,
`et al.
`D.H.
`Titterton, et
`al.
`R. M.
`Haralick, et
`al.
`
`Roy S.
`Kalawsky
`
`Assoc.
`Computing
`Machinery
`SPIE
`
`Peter
`Peregrinus
`Ltd./IEEE
`Addison-
`Wesley
`Publishing
`Co., Inc.
`MIT
`
`1996
`
`Feb. 1989
`
`1997
`
`1992
`
`1993
`
`Mar. 2001
`
`Barfield et al. Lawrence
`Erlbaum
`Assoc., Inc.
`Naval
`Postgraduate
`School
`
`Sept. 1996 William Frey
`III
`
`Nov. 1991
`
`R. T. Azuma,
`et al.
`
`UNC Chapel
`Hill
`
`1992
`
`Bajura et al.
`
`ACM
`
`Dec. 1989 M. Dhome et
`al.
`
`IEEE
`
`Ex. C-19 The Science of Virtual
`Reality and Virtual
`Environments (“Kalawsky”)
`Ex. C-24 Fundamentals of Wearable
`Computers and Augmented
`Reality (“Barfield”)
`Ex. C-25 Application of Inertial
`Sensors and Flux-Gate
`Magnetometer to Real-Time
`Human Body Motion Capture
`(“Frey”)
`Ex. C-25 Space Resection by
`Collinearity: Mathematics
`Behind the Optical Ceiling
`Head-Tracker (“Azuma
`1991”)
`Ex. C-25 Merging Virtual Objects with
`the Real World: Seeing
`Ultrasound Imagery Within
`the Patient (“Bajura 1992”)
`Ex. C-25 Determination of the Attitude
`of 3-D Objects from a Single
`Perspective View (“Dhome
`1989”)
`
`3 “A Survey of Augmented Reality” and “Recent Advances in Augmented Reality” by Ronald T.
`
`
`Azuma are referred to collectively as “Azuma.”
`
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`

`’024 Patent Prior Art Publications
`Date of
`Title
`Publication
`June 1996
`
`Frank J.
`Ferrin
`
`May 1991
`
`David G.
`Lowe
`
`SPIE
`
`IEEE
`
`Ex. No.
`
`Author
`
`Publisher
`
`Ex. C-25 Headgear System
`Development for the
`Dismounted Soldier (“Ferrin
`1996”)
`Ex. C-25 Fitting Parameterized Three-
`Dimensional Models to
`Images (“Lowe 1991”)
`Ex. C-25 Basic GIS Coordinates (“Van
`Sickle”)
`Ex. C-25 Electronic Compass and
`Vertical-Angle Measurement
`Sensor: Applications and
`Benefits to the Soldier
`System (“Roberts 1998”)
`Ex. C-25 Free-Hand Pointer by Use of
`an Active Stereo Vision
`System (“Hung”)
`Ex. C-25 An Introduction to the
`Kalman Filter (“SIGGRAPH
`2001”)
`
`2004
`
`Aug. 1998
`
`J. Van Sickle CRC Press
`LLC
`SPIE
`
`B. Roberts et.
`al.
`
`1998
`
`Hung
`
`IEEE
`
`2001
`
`Greg Welch
`et al.
`
`SIGGRAPH
`
`
`
`Ex. No.
`
`’024 Patent Prior Art Products
`Product Name
`
`Ex. C-18 HiBall Tracking System (“HiBall”)
`Ex. C-20 Optotrak 3020
`Ex. C-20 Optotrak Certus
`Ex. C-21
`IS-1200 Vis-Tracker
`Ex. C-22 Mathworks
`Ex. C-23 Crossbow Sensors (“Crossbow”)
`
`Public
`Availability Date
`2000
`2003
`2003
`2003
`2003
`2004
`
`Exemplary Background Art
`U.S. Patent No. 7,242,818 (“Beardsley”)
`U.S. Patent No. 6,922,632 (“Foxlin 632”)
`Neal