`
`Filed: November6, 2023
`
`By:
`
`Filed on behalf of:
`Patent Owner Masimo Corporation
`Brian C. Claassen (Reg. No. 63,051)
`Carol Pitzel Cruz (Reg. No. 61,224)
`Daniel Kiang (Reg. No. 79,631)
`Jeremiah S. Helm, Ph.D. (admitted pro hac vice)
`
`KNOBBE, MARTENS, OLSON & BEAR, LLP
`2040 Main Street, Fourteenth Floor
`Irvine, CA 92614
`Tel.:
`(949) 760-0404
`Fax:
`(949) 760-9502
`E-mail:
`AppleIPR745-1@knobbe.com
`
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`APPLE INC.,
`
`Petitioner,
`
`V.
`
`MASIMO CORPORATION,
`
`Patent Owner.
`
`Case IPR2022-01291
`U.S. Patent 10,687,745
`
`PATENT OWNER’S OPPOSITION TO
`
`PETITIONER’S MOTION TO EXCLUDE
`
`
`
`
`
`I.
`
`INTRODUCTION
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`Apple’s Motion seeks to exclude evidence that the ITC found persuasive in
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`upholding the validity of the °745 Patent claims. During the ITC Investigation,
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`Apple elicited sworn testimony from its own engineers about the challenges
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`developing a device that could determine oxygen saturation at the wrist. Apple’s
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`own documents demonstrate that a POSITA would not have had a reasonable
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`expectation of successfully measuring oxygen saturation at
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`the wrist, reflect
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`skepticism of measuring oxygen saturation at the wrist, failed attempts to measure
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`oxygensaturation, and show the long-felt need for oxygen saturation determinations
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`at the wrist.
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`Apple did not address this evidence in its Petition. Apple instead embarked
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`on a strategy at both the Patent Office and ITC to prevent Masimofrom introducing
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`that evidence during these IPRs.
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`The Board granted Masimo’s Motion for
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`Additional Discovery (Paper 23), allowing Masimoto present the evidencethat the
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`ITC considered andrelied on in finding the ’745 Patent claimsvalid.
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`Apple now renewsits attempt to keep this highly probative evidence from
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`consideration. Apple argues the Board should exclude sworn testimony from
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`Apple’s own witnesses as “unreliable” hearsay. Petitioner’s Motion to Exclude
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`(“Mot.”), 1-2. But that testimony, and the related documents, are opposing party
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`statements being offered against Apple and therefore not hearsay under FRE
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`
`
`
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`801(d)(2). But even if such testimony werehearsay, it would still be admissible
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`because Apple’s attorneys elicited that testimony from Apple’s witnesses under
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`oath. Such evidenceis both highly probative and reliable. And regardless, numerous
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`hearsay exceptionsapply.
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`Apple also seeks to exclude portions of Dr. Duckworth’s opinions for relying
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`on Apple’s engineers’ testimony and Apple’s internal documents, and for opinions
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`that Apple alleges were “conclusory”or “presented without citation to evidence.”
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`Mot., 3-4. At best, Apple’s objections go to the weight, not the admissibility, of the
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`evidence and should be denied for that independent reason. But, on the substance,
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`Apple’s Motion offers no explanation for how the objected-to paragraphs contain
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`“conclusory” or unsupported statements because those paragraphsinclude citations
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`to exhibits and Dr. Duckworth thoroughly explained his reasoning.
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`In contrast,
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`Apple’s expert had no idea that his declaration copied portions of Apple’s ITC
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`briefing verbatim, and accordingly could not even say what documentsherelied on
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`because the declaration did not even change the ITC citations. See POPR 52-53
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`(comparing EX2052, 175 with EX1003, 4/76).
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`Il.
`
`ARGUMENT
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`A.
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` EX2074, EX2076-2086, and EX2089-2090 Are Not Hearsay
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`Apple characterizes EX2074, EX2076-2086, and EX2089-2090 as merely
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`“testimony from witnesses in an ITC proceeding that is separate from the present
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`
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`proceeding.” Mot. 2. That is incorrect. The ITC proceeding involves the same
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`parties and the samepatentas this proceeding. Moreover, the exhibits Apple seeks
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`to exclude are sworn testimony by Apple’s witnesses in the ITC proceeding
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`(EX2076-EX2082), representations by Apple’s counsel during opening statements
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`in the ITC hearing (EX2074), and Apple’s documents regarding its development of
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`the oxygen saturation feature in the Apple Watch that were authored by Apple’s
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`engineers (EX2083-2086, EX2089-2090). These are opposing party statements
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`offered against that party, and therefore not hearsay. FRE 801(d)(2).
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`FRE 801(d)(2) excludes from the definition of hearsay a statement that is
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`“offered against an opposing party” and “(A) was madebytheparty in an individual
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`or representative capacity; (B) is one the party manifested that it adopted or believed
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`to be true; (C) was made by a person whomthe party authorized to make a statement
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`on the subject; (D) was madeby the party’s agent or employee on a matter within
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`the scope of that relationship and while it existed; or (E) was made bythe party’s
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`coconspirator during and in furtherance of the conspiracy.” FRE 801(d)(2)(A)-(E).
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`(emphasis added). All of the objected-to exhibits fall under one or more of these
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`exclusions from the definition of hearsay.
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`EX2074 is an excerpt from Apple’s opening statements in the ITC evidentiary
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`hearing, delivered by Apple’s ITC leadtrial counsel, Joseph Mueller, regarding the
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`scope of the ’745 Patent’s claims. See EX2074; see also EX2008, 39-71 (Apple’s
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`
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`
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`opening statement). They are unquestionably statements “made by a person whom
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`[Apple] authorized to make a statement on the subject,” and thus are not hearsay.
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`FRE 801(d)(2)(C). Moreover, because these are trial arguments advanced by
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`Apple’s counsel, they are also statements that Apple “manifested that it adopted or
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`believed to be true.” FRE 801(d)(2)(B). See, e.g., Apple Inc. v. Smartflash LLC,
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`CBM2015-00131, Paper 33 at 32-33 (Nov. 10, 2016) (prior testimony by party’s
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`expert was not hearsay whenoffered against that party because the party authorized
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`that expert to provide testimony on the subject and also adopted or believed the
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`testimonyto betrue).
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`EX2076-2079aretrial transcripts of sworn testimony from Apple’s engineers
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`in the ITC Investigation. Apple chose those specific engineersto testify on its behalf
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`in the ITC. See EX2008, 39:3-40:13 (Apple’s opening statement introducing
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`Apple’s witnesses).
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`See FRE 801(d)(2)(C). Moreover, EX2076-2082, which
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`includes both thetrial and deposition transcripts, are Apple’s engineers’ testimony
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`abouttheir efforts in developing the oxygen saturation feature for the Apple Watch
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`Series 6. All of those engineers were employed by Apple and weretestifying on
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`matters within the scope of their employment at Apple, namely their work on the
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`Apple Watch. See EX2076, 952:15-18, 954:23-955:9 (Land employed by Apple to
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`work on Apple Watch); EX2077, 993:17-20, 996:25-997:8 (Mannheimer employed
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`by Apple to work on Apple Watch); EX2078, 918:22-919:8 (Waydo employed by
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`
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`Apple to work on Apple Watch); EX2079, 816:18-817:19 (Venugopal employed by
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`Apple to work on Apple Watch); EX2082, 11:19-12:17 (Shui employed by Appleto
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`work on Apple Watch); see also EX2080 (Mannheimer deposition); EX2081
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`(Waydo deposition). Thus, they are also statements “made by the party’s ...
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`employee on a matter within the scope of that relationship and while it existed.”
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`FRE 801(d)(2)(D).
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`Other evidence includes statements in Apple’s internal documents (EX2083-
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`2086 and EX2089-2090) which were made by Apple’s engineers. For example,
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`Masimo relied on Apple’s engineers’ statement in EX2085 that “Conventional
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`sensing methods do not result in waveformsthat are consistent enough for SpO2
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`measurements at the wrist.” EX2085, 13; 1291 POR 38. Apple does not dispute
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`that these exhibits are its own confidential internal documents by its own engineers.
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`Specifically, EX2083 and EX2090are internal emails between Apple employees and
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`EX2084-EX2086 and EX2089 are other Apple internal presentations and an
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`organizational chart. Nor can Apple reasonably dispute that the statements in those
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`documents are now being used against Apple in these IPRs. Thus, EX2083-2086
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`and EX2089-2090 constitute statements made by Apple’s employees on a matter
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`within the scope of that employmentrelationship while it existed—the development
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`of the Apple Watch. FRE 801(d)(2)(D); see also Metro-Goldwyn-MayerStudios,
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`
`
`
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`Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd., 454 F. Supp. 2d 966, 973-74 (C.D. Cal. 2006) (company’s
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`internal emails and documentsare not hearsay under FRE 801(d)(2)(D)).
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`Accordingly, EX2074, EX2076-2086, and EX2089-2090 are not hearsay
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`whenused against Apple and should not be excluded.
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`The Residual Exception (FRE 807) Applies to All Objected
`1.
`Exhibits
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`Even if the exhibits were somehow deemed hearsay,
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`they fall under a
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`multitude of exceptions. The residual exception (FRE 807) applies to all of the
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`objected exhibits. FRE 807 provides that a statement is admissible even if it does
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`not fall under an enumerated exception in FRE 803/804 if “(1) the statementis
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`supported by sufficient guarantees of trustworthiness—after consideringthetotality
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`of circumstances under which it was made and evidence, if any, corroborating the
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`statement; and (2) it is more probative on the point for whichit is offered than any
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`other evidencethat the proponent can obtain through reasonable efforts,” and if the
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`“proponent gives an adverse party reasonable notice of the intent to offer the
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`statement ... so that the party has a fair opportunity to meetit.” FRE 807(a)-(b).
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`The Board has admitted trial and deposition testimony from a prior proceeding,
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`particularly where the objecting party had the ability to defend or cross-examine the
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`witness in the prior proceeding. See Nevro Corp. v. Boston Sci. Neuromodulation
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`Corp., IPR2017-01812, Paper 79 at 32-34 (Feb. 1, 2019); Captioncall, LLC v.
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`Ultratec, Inc., IPR2013-00540, Paper 78 at 31-35 (Mar. 3, 2015).
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`-6-
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`
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`The testimony of Apple’s engineers andits internal documents are supported
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`by sufficient guarantees of trustworthiness. Apple’s engineers’ testimony was made
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`under oath during the ITC evidentiary hearing and/or during depositions before the
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`ITC. Those deposition transcripts and internal documents were received as evidence
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`in the ITC hearing. Apple’s attorneys had every opportunity to defend andto elicit
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`direct testimony from those witnesses and had the same motivations to do so—the
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`ITC Investigation involved substantially the same invalidity theories for the ’745
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`Patent that are presented in these IPRs.
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`But Apple had more than just a mere opportunity to defend its witnesses’
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`testimony. By and large, Apple’s attorneys elicited the testimony from Apple’s
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`engineers that Masimo now relies on. For example, Apple’s counsel elicited
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`Mannheimer’s testimony explaining that, when Apple tasked him with looking into
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`doing pulse oximetry at the wrist, he rolled his eyes and thought, “good luck with
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`that.” EX2080, 173:14-174:1. Counselalso elicited Mannheimer’s explanation of
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`Similarly, Apple’s counsel elicited the testimony from Waydo regarding how
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`developing the oxygen saturation feature was “extremely challenging” and his
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`explanation ofee
`I 2X2081, 165:12-16, 166:4-166:18. Apple’s
`counselalso elicited the testimony from Shui regarding
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`
`
`
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`a. EX2082, 108:13-21. Apple’s counselalso elicited the testimony
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`from Land that oxygen saturation at the wrist was “unprecedented.” EX2076,
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`963:19-964:11. Thus, in the ITC, Apple explained how challenging it was to
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`measure oxygen saturation at the wrist at the time and how even Mannheimer, a
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`twenty-year veteran in developing pulse oximeters, was skeptical it could even be
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`done. Masimo’s briefing presented the testimony Apple elicited and how it
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`confirmed that pulse oximetry at the wrist was incredibly challenging. The hearsay
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`rules were not intended to excludethis type of trustworthy and reliable testimony.
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`Apple’s engineers’ testimony and its internal documents are also more
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`probative as to Apple’s attempts and failures to determine oxygen saturation at the
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`wrist than any other evidence that Masimo can obtain through reasonable efforts.
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`FRE 807. This evidence contradicts Apple’s position that a POSITA would have
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`had a reasonable expectation of success in determining oxygensaturation at the
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`wrist.
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`Apple has been on notice of this evidence before this IPR. Masimopresented
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`this evidencein its ITC post-hearing briefing, which Apple reviewed and responded
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`to in the ITC beforefiling these IPRs. Masimoalso repeatedly informed Apple that
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`it sought to use this evidence in the IPRs through Masimo’s motion in the ITC to
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`modify the ITC protective order to permit cross-use in these IPRs, Masimo’s pre-
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`
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`institution request for authorization to file a motion for additional discovery, and
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`Masimo’s post-institution Motion for Additional Discovery. Apple has hada fair
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`opportunity to address the evidenceinits Petition, its Reply, its expert’s declarations,
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`and its Response to Expert Testimony. FRE 807(b). Apple could have hadits
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`engineers testify underoath in these IPRsif that evidence was somehowinaccurate.
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`Thus, even if deemed hearsay,all of the exhibits are admissible underthe residual
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`exception.
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`Theinterests ofjustice also weigh in favor of admitting and fully considering
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`these exhibits. This is the evidence and testimonyreceivedlive by the ITC ALJ and
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`that the ITC ALJ relied upon in finding that there was no reasonable expectation of
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`success in determining oxygensaturation at the wrist and upholding the validity of
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`the ’745 Patent claims. The Commission recently affirmed the ALJ’s findings on
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`October 26, 2023.
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`Such objective evidence “must always when present be
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`considered.” Stratoflex, Inc. v. Aeroquip Corp., 713 F.2d 1530, 1538 (Fed. Cir.
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`1983).
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`The Exhibits Are Also Admissible Under FRE 803(3) and
`2.
`803(6) and 803(1)
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`Other hearsay exceptions also apply.
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`Apple’s engineers’
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`testimony
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`concerning their skepticism for pulse oximetry at the wrist, such as Mannheimer’s
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`testimony, “good luck with that” andee|X2080,
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`173:9-173:13, 174:2-6) are statements of the declarants’ then-existing state of mind.
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`-9-
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`FRE 803(3). This IPR concerns a POSITA’s expectations of success and Apple’s
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`engineers’ testimony about whatthey thought about pulse oximetry at the wrist. That
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`state ofmindis admissible. Apple’s internal documents regarding their development
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`of the oxygen saturation sensor for the Apple Watch also demonstrate Apple’ state
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`of mind regarding oxygensaturation at the wrist. See, e.g., EX2085, 13 (Apple’s
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`belief that “Invention is required.”); see also Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, 454 F. Supp.
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`2d at 974 (company’s business plans and presentations admissible to show
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`company’s state of mind).
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`Apple’s internal documents (EX2083-2086 and EX2089-2090) are also
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`admissible as records of a regularly conducted activity. FRE 803(6). Those exhibits
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`comprise Apple’s internal emails amongits employees, dated presentations created
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`by Apple’s engineers, and an organizational chart. These documents were already
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`authenticated and received as evidence in the ITC Investigation and Apple, who
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`produced them here in response to the Board’s Order (Paper 23), does not dispute
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`their authenticity. See also EX2080, 64:1-66:3, 68:14-69:2 (Mannheimertestifying
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`about EX2083/CX-0007C): EX2076, 981:24-983:12 (Land testifying about
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`EX2085/CX-177C); EX2076, 976:4-980:1 (Land testifying about EX2089/CX-
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`1793C); EX2076, 980:2-981:10 (Landtestifying about EX2090/CX-1800C). Thus,
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`they are records madeat or near the time of the activity by Apple’s employees and
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`regularly kept in the course of Apple’s business. See ConocoInc. v. Dept. ofEnergy,
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`-10-
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`
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`99 F.3d 387, 391 (Fed. Cir. 1996) (“Because of the general trustworthiness of
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`regularly kept records and the need for such evidence in manycases, the business
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`records exception has been construed generously in favor of admissibility.”).
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`Apple’s internal presentations about
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`their development of the oxygen
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`saturation feature are also admissible as present sense impressions. FRE 803(1).
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`For example, EX2085 is a Po internal Apple presentation by Apple’s
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`Thus, EX2085 is admissible as a “statement describing or explaining an event...
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`made while or immediately after the declarant perceived it.” FRE 803(1); see also
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`FMC Techs., Inc. v. OneSubsea IP UKLtd., 1PR2019-00935, Paper 45 at 14-15 (Oct.
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`14, 2020) (meeting minutes were admissible present sense impressions).
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`3.
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`The Exhibits Must Be Considered Out of Fairness Under
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`FRE 106
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`The testimony of Apple’s engineers must also be considered in fairness
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`because (1) Apple did not object to the public portions of that testimony and (2)
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`Apple introduced andrelied on the ITC testimony ofits other engineers, Mehra and
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`-|l-
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`
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`Block. Apple seeks to exclude the ITC testimony in EX2074 and EX2076-EX2082,
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`but never objected to EX2008, whichis the public version ofthe entire five-day ITC
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`hearing transcript. Some of the Apple engineer testimony that Masimorelies upon
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`are present in both EX2008andthelater-filed confidential transcripts. See generally
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`POPR (citing EX2008 for numerous statements).
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`If the Board were to exclude
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`EX2074 and EX2076-EX2082, then some portions of the engineers’ testimony
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`would be admissible and other portions excluded, with the only distinction being
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`that the excluded testimony was confidential. Because the public portions of
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`Apple’s engineers’ testimonytranscripts were admitted without objection, the Board
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`must be able to considerthe rest of that testimony out offairness.
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`Moreover, Apple also introduced the testimonyofits other engineers, Mehra
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`and Block, to attempt to rebut Masimo’s arguments. EX1036, EX1037. It would be
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`wholly unfair to selectively permit only Mehra’s and Block’s testimony but exclude
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`the testimony of Apple’s other engineers. FRE 106.
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`If anything, the lengths to
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`which Apple has sought
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`to suppress its engineers’ sworn testimony and its
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`documents from the very beginning ofthis IPR and nowatits conclusion showsjust
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`how critical that evidenceis to the validity of the claims.
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`Accordingly, the Board should deny Apple’s motion to exclude EX2074,
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`EX2076-EX2086, and EX2089-EX2090.
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`-12-
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`
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`B.
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`No Portion of Duckworth’s Declarations Should Be Excluded
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`Apple moves to exclude certain paragraphs of Duckworth’s declarations
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`(EX2070 and EX2100) on two meritless theories. First, Apple argues that EX2070,
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`{| 22-28, 30-33, 53, and 73 and EX2100, 49 32, 44, 51, 57, 64, and 81-95, should be
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`excluded because they rely on and/or quote from Apple’s engineers’ testimony and
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`its internal documents, which Apple argues are hearsay. Mot., 3-5. Apple’s
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`objection is meritless because, as explained above, none of Apple’s testimonyorits
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`documents are hearsay when used against Apple. Even if Apple’s engineers’
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`testimonyand its documents were hearsay, an expert such as Dr. Duckworth would
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`reasonably rely on such sworn testimony and admitted trial exhibits in forming
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`opinions regarding reasonable expectation of success and objective indicia of
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`nonobviousness. See RTT Surgical, Inc. v. Lifenet Health, IPR2019-00571, Paper 75
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`at 7-9 (Aug. 4, 2020) (admitting expert testimony relying on sworn trial testimony
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`and admitted trial exhibits under FRE 703 because experts would reasonably rely on
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`such information).
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`Second, Apple arguesthat paragraphs9, 17, 19, 20, 23, 26, 28, 32, 33, 48, 49,
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`64, and 69-71 of Exhibit 2100 should be excluded for containing “opinionsthat are
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`conclusory, do not disclose supporting facts or data, are based on unreliable facts,
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`data, or methods, and/or include testimony outside the scope of Dr. Duckworth’s
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`-13-
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`
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`purported areas of expertise.” Mot., 3-4. Apple’s contentions are baseless and
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`should be denied.
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`Apple identifies only two statements in paragraphs 9 and 17 whichit alleges
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`were unsupported. Apple asserts that Duckworth did not support his 49 conclusion
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`that “[a] binary indication of sufficient signal does not actually determine a user’s
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`oxygen saturation value.” Mot., 4. But Apple ignores §[7-8 where Duckworth
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`explained how a POSITA would understand “determine ... oxygen saturation” and
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`his explanation in the immediately following sentencethat “[e]nsuring a ‘sufficient
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`signal’ is merely one step in the process of determining oxygen saturation.”
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`EX2100, 49. Notably, Apple ignores that Duckworth was responding to Apple’s
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`expert, who argued without any basis that the claimed requirement for determining
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`oxygen saturation could be satisfied with merely a “binary indication of whether a
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`signal sufficient for measuring oxygen saturation has been obtained.” EX1042, 941.
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`It was Anthony whooffered an unsupported opinion, not Duckworth.
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`Apple also argues that Duckworth’s §17 conclusion that a dark-colored
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`coating on the light shielding frame in Iwamiya would eliminate the ability for light
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`to reflect back to the light receiving unit was unsupported. Mot., 4. Duckworth
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`thoroughly explained his opinion with citations to Iwamiya and even a detailed and
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`color-coded diagram of Iwamiya. EX2100, 417.
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`-14-
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`
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`For the remaining thirteen challenged paragraphs, Apple did not explain how
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`any ofDuckworth’s opinions were conclusory, unsupported, or beyond his expertise.
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`Apple could havearticulated its objectionsin the ten unused pages in its Motion, but
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`did not do so. See Am. Axle & Manf., Inc. v. Neapco Drivelines LLC, IPR2018-
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`01761, Paper 59 at 42 (Mar. 25, 2020) (declining to exclude expert testimony where
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`movant did not identify for each objected-to paragraph why the opinions lacked
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`support).
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`Regardless, Duckworth meticulously cited numerous exhibits and
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`thoroughly explained his reasoning in those paragraphs.
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`Apple’s Motion regarding {J 9, 17, 19, 20, 23, 26, 28, 32, 33, 48, 49, 64, and
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`69-71 of Exhibit 2100 should also be denied because these arguments go to the
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`weight of Duckworth’s testimony, not its admissibility. See CardiovascularSys.,
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`Inc. v. Shockwave Med., Inc., IPR2019-00405, Paper 99 at 85-86 (Feb. 2, 2023)
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`(objections to opinionsas conclusory or unsupported go to weight not admissibility).
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`Il. CONCLUSION
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`For the foregoing reasons, the Board should deny Apple’s Motionto Exclude.
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`Dated: November6, 2023
`
`Respectfully submitted,
`
`KNOBBE, MARTENS, OLSON & BEAR, LLP
`
`/Daniel C. Kiang/
`Daniel Kiang (Reg. No. 79,631)
`Customer No. 64,735
`Attorney for Patent Owner
`Masimo Corporation
`
`
`
`
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`CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
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`I hereby certify that, pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 42.6(e) and with the agreement
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`of counsel for Petitioner, a true and correct copy of PATENT OWNER’S
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`OPPOSITION TO PETITIONER’S MOTION TO EXCLUDEis being served
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`electronically on November 6, 2023, to the e-mail addresses shown below:
`
`W.Karl Renner, Reg. No. 41,265
`Fish & Richardson P.C.
`3200 RBC Plaza
`60 South Sixth Street
`Minneapolis, MN 55402
`Tel: 612-335-5070
`Fax: 612-288-9696
`Email: IPR50095-0045IP1@fr.com
`
`
`
`
`
`Nicholas Stephens
`Andrew B. Patrick
`Kim Leung
`Patrick J. Bisenius
`Patrick J. King
`Fish & Richardson P.C.
`3200 RBC Plaza
`60 South Sixth Street
`Minneapolis, MN 55402
`Tel: 612-335-5070
`Fax: 612-288-9696
`Email: IPR50095-0045IP1@fr.com
`
`
`
`Dated: November6, 2023
`
`56865131
`
`/Daniel C. Kiang/
`Daniel Kiang (Reg. No. 79,631)
`Customer No. 64,735
`
`Attorney for Patent Owner
`Masimo Corporation
`
`-16-
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`