6/5/22, 6:09 PM
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`WIKIPEDIA
`
`Game Boy
`
`GameBoy- Wikipedia
`
`The Game Boy! is an 8-bit handheld game console developed
`and manufactured by Nintendo. Thefirst handheld in the Game
`Boy family, it was first released in Japan on April 21, 1989. The
`console wasreleased in North America later the same year, then
`in Europein late 1990. It was designed by the same team that
`developed the Game & Watchseries of handheld electronic games
`and several Nintendo Entertainment System games: Satoru
`Okada, Gunpei Yokoi, and Nintendo Research & Development
`[12][13]
`1.
`
`the Game Boy,
`Nintendo's second handheld game console,
`combines features from both the NES home system and Game &
`Watch hardware. The console features a dot-matrix screen with
`adjustable contrast dial, five game control buttons (a directional
`pad, two game buttons, and "START" and "SELECT"), a single
`speaker with adjustable volume dial, and, like its rivals, uses
`cartridges as physical media for games. The color scheme is made
`from two tones of grey with accents of black, blue, and dark
`magenta. All the corners of the portrait-oriented rectangular unit
`are softly rounded, except for the bottom right, which is curved.
`At launch,it was sold either as a standalone unit, or bundled with
`one of several games, among them Super Mario Land andTetris.
`Several accessories were also developed,
`including a carrying
`pouch, a camera,anda printer.
`
`Game Boy
`
`Anoriginal Game Boy
`
`Also known as_ KOR: Mini Comboy
`
`Developer
`
`Nintendo R&D1
`
`Manufacturer Nintendo
`
`Product family GameBoy family
`
`Type
`
`Handheld game
`console
`
`Despite being technologically inferior to its fourth-generation
`competitors
`(Sega's Game Gear, Atari's Lynx, and NEC's
`TurboExpress), the Game Boyreceived praise for its battery life
`and durability in its construction.
`It quickly outsold the
`competition,/4! selling one million units in the United States
`Release date=JP: April 21,
`within a few weeks.!45] An estimated 118.69 million units of the
`19892!
`GameBoyandits successor, the Game Boy Color,!24! have been
`NA: July
`34
`sold worldwide,!27! making it the third best-selling video game
`A)
`console of all time. It is one of the most recognizable devices from
`1989
`the 1990s, becoming a cultural icon in the years following its
`EU: September28,
`release. Several redesigns were released during the console's
`1990
`lifetime, including the Game Boy Pocket in 1996 and the Game
`KR: November
`Boy Light in 1998 (Japan only). Production of the Game Boy
`1990
`continued into the early 2000s, even after the release of its
`
`second successor, the Game Boy Advance, in 2001. Production|Lifespan 1989-2003
`:
`6
`ceased in 2003.61
`Introductory
`JP¥12,500/31
`price
`US$89.99)/81/4]
`
`Generation
`
`Fourth generation
`
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`Contents
`
`Development
`
`Hardware
`ficati
`Technical
`ec nica spec ications
`Special or limited editions
`Play It Loud!
`.
`Revisions
`Game Boy Pocket
`:
`GameBoyLight
`
`Games
`Launchtitles
`
`Reception
`Notes
`References
`Bibliography
`Externallinks
`
`Development
`
`GameBoy - Wikipedia
`
`Discontinued
`
`Units sold
`
`Media
`
`CPU
`
`Display
`
`Power
`
`Dimensions
`
`£69.99[5]
`Dm 16916
`
`March 23, 2003/4]
`Worldwide: 118.69
`million] (including
`PlayIt Loualedition,
`GameBoyPocket,
`GameBoyLight and
`GameBoy Color
`
`units)
`Game Boy Game
`Pak
`Sharp LR35902
`core @ 4.19 MHz
`STN LCD 160 x
`144 pixels, 47 x 43
`mm (w x hl
`4 x AA batteries
`
`5.8°/148 mm x
`
`35°90 mm x
`
`1.3°/32 mm (I x w
`x d)
`
`The GameBoywasdesigned by Nintendo's chief engineer Gunpei
`Yokoi and its Nintendo R&D1 team. Following the popularity of
`7.76 0z/0.22 kg
`the Nintendo Entertainment System, he held a meeting with Mass
`(without batteries)
`Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi, saying that he could do a
`
`handheld system with interchangeable games. When hetold|pectsetting Tetris (approximately
`Yamauchi that, he told him that games were fun to play and let
`—
`_IQIM0
`.
`:
`.
`:
`oo
`.
`game
`35 million units)L [10]
`him begin working on it. The original internal code name for the
`Game & Watch
`Predecessor
`GameBoyis Dot Matrix Game,referring to its dot-matrix display
`
`in contrast to the preceding Game & Watch series (which Yokoi|successor GameBoy
`had created in 1980) that has segmented LCDspre-printed with
`Color]
`an overlay, limiting each model to only play one game. The
`initials DMG cameto be featured on the final product's model number: "DMG-o1". Satoru Okada and
`Yokoi led the development of the console, which led to disagreements. Yokoi felt that the console
`could be small, light, durable and successful and have a recognizable library of games. Shigesato Itoi
`visited Nintendo and conceived the name “Game Boy” for the console Yokoi was designing. The
`internal reaction to the Game Boy at Nintendo wasinitially very poor, earning it the derogatory
`nickname "DameGame" from Nintendo employees, in which dame (7 ) means "hopeless" or
`"useless" (dameoriginating as a term used in the game Go, meaning "meaninglessterritory").!17/18]
`Henk Rogers brought the game Tetris to Nintendo of America and convinced its president Minoru
`Arakawato port it for the new system so it can reach a wider audience. Arakawa agreed and as a
`result, the gamewasultimately bundled with the GameBoy and the system wasreleased in Japan in
`April 1989, North America in July, and in Europe in Septemberthefollowing year.
`
`Nintendospent $10 million marketing the Game Boy.9!
`
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`Hardware
`
`GameBoy- Wikipedia
`
`f
`
`The GameBoy has four operation buttons labeled "A", "B", "SELECT",
`and "START", and a directional pad (d-pad). [201 There is a volume
`control dial on the right side of the device and a similar dial on theleft
`side to adjust the contrast.!24! At the top of the Game Boy,a sliding on-off
`switch and the slot for the Game Boycartridgesare located.!22! The on-
`i
`off switch includes a physical
`lockout to prevent users from either
`inserting or removing a cartridge while the unit is switched on. Nintendo~ag
`recommendsusersleave a cartridge in the slot to prevent dust and dirt
`i
`[23]
`from entering the system.
`The standard gray cartridge
`for the original Game Boy
`The Game Boycontains optional input or output connectors. On theleft
`games
`side of the system is an external 3.5 mm x 1.35 mm DC powersupply jack
`that allows users to use an external rechargeable battery pack or AC
`adapter(sold separately) instead of four AA batteries.!24! The Game Boy
`requires 6 V DC ofat least 150 mA./25] A 3.5 mm stereo headphonejack is located on the bottom side
`of the unit which allows users to listen to the audio with the bundled headphones or external
`speakers.!261
`
`j
`
`fi
`
`Theright side of the device offers a port that allows a user to connect to another Game Boy system via
`a link cable, provided both usersare playing gamesthat support connectingto each other(mostoften,
`only copies of the same game, although for example, the Pokémon games can connect between
`different generations).!27! The port can also be used to connect a Game Boy Printer. Thelink cable
`wasoriginally designed for players to play head-to-head two-player games suchasin Tetris. However,
`gamedeveloper Satoshi Tajiri later used the link cable technology as a method of communication and
`networkingin the popular Pokémonvideo gameseries.!28!
`
`Technical specifications
`
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`GameBoy - Wikipedia
`
`Size
`
`Weight
`
`Screen
`
`Approximately 90 mm (3.5 in) x 148 mm (5.8 in) x 32 mm (1.3 in) (WxHxD)/29
`
`Approximately 220 g (7.8 oz)!
`
`2.6 inch reflective super-twisted nematic (STN) liquid-crystal display (LCD)29]
`Vertical blank duration: Approximately 1.1 ms/31
`
`Display size
`
`Original: 47 mm (1.9 in) by 43 mm (1.7 in)&
`Pocket: 48 mm (1.9 in) by 44 mm (1.7 in)24
`
`Framerate
`
`59.727500569606 Hz!21
`
`Power
`
`6 V, 0.7 W (4x AA batteries)S31
`
`Battery life
`
`Approximately 15 hours of gameplay!29!
`
`CPU
`
`Custom 8-bit Sharp LR35902 (based on modified 8080 and Z80)/4I[35] at 4.19 MHzlel
`
`64 KB address spaceincluding:
`
`= 8 KB of built-in working RAM
`=
`Up to sixteen 8 KB switchable working RAM pages(in the gamecartridge) for a maximum of 128
`KBof external RAM (which maybe battery-backed to hold save games)
`=» 8 KB RAMfor LCD display
`= 32 KB external Game Pak ROM, of which 16 KBis switchable
`
`Memory
`
`On-CPU-Die 256-byte bootstrap ROM;/S6l 32 KB, 64 KB, 128 KB, 256 KB, 512 KB,
`1 MB, 2 MB, 4 MB and 8 MB cartridges
`
`Resolution
`
`160 (w) x 144 (h) pixels (10:9 aspect ratio)
`
`2-bit (four shadesof "gray": light to very dark olive green)
`Reference:
`Color support
`Original color scheme: | 0x0] 0x’|Ox2|0x3|
`Pocket/Light color scheme: [0x0|0x’|0x2!
`
`Sound
`
`2 pulse wave generators, 1 PCM 4-bit wave sample (64 4-bit samples played in 1x64 bank or 2x32
`bank) channel, 1 noise generator, and one audio inputfrom the cartridge./87] The unit has only one
`speaker, however the headphone port outputs stereo sound.
`
`Eight-way control pad
`Four action buttons (A, B, Start, Select)
`Volume potentiometer
`Contrast potentiometer
`Power switch
`
`Input
`
`Serial I/O ("Link cable"): 512 kbit/s with up to 4 connectionsin serial
`Cartridge I/O
`
`Special or limited editions
`
`Play It Loud!
`
`On March 20, 1995, Nintendo released several special edition Game Boy models with colored cases,
`advertising them in the "Play It Loud!" campaign,/38! known in Japan as GameBoy Bros.!<! The
`"Play it loud!" series is a simple coloring difference, yet it is extraordinary for the fact that it is an
`
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`GameBoy- Wikipedia
`
`entire set of special colors. This special line of colored Game Boysset a precedent
`for later Nintendo handhelds; every one of them since has been available in more
`than onecolor. Play It Loud! units were manufacturedin red, green, black, yellow,
`white, blue, and clear (transparent), or sometimes called X-Ray in the UK. Most
`commonare the yellow, red, clear and black. Green is fairly scarce but blue and
`white are the rarest. Blue was a Europe and Japan-only release, white was a
`Japanese majority release with UK Toys R Usstoresalso getting it as an exclusive
`edition to them. The white remainstherarestof all the Play it Loud colors. A rare,
`limited edition Manchester United Game Boyis red, with the logos of the team
`emblazoned onit. It was released simultaneously with the Play it Loud! handhelds
`in the United Kingdom.The Play It Loud's screens also have a darker border than
`the normal GameBoy.
`
`
`
`"Play It Loud!"
`transparent
`GameBoy, North
`American edition
`
`Revisions
`
`Game Boy Pocket
`
`GAME BOY EE@™
`Logo
`
`On July 21, 1996, Nintendo released the Game Boy Pocketfor
`US$69.99:!89] a smaller,
`lighter unit that required fewer
`batteries. It has space for two AAA batteries, which provide
`approximately 10 hours of gameplay.!4°! The unit is also fitted with a 3 volt,
`2.35 mm x 0.75 mm DCjack which can be used to power the system. The Pocket
`has a smaller link port, which requires an adapter to link with the older Game
`Boy. The port design is used on all subsequent Game Boy models, excluding the
`Game Boy Micro. The screen was changed to a true black-and-white display,
`"
`"
`.
`.
`1.
`[41]
`rather than the "pea soup" monochromatic display of the original Game Boy.
`Also, the Game Boy Pocket (GBP) hasa larger screen than the Game Boy Color
`(GBC) that later superseded it. The GBP's screen has a 65 mm (2.56 in) diagonal,
`48.5 mm (1.91 in) width, and 43.5 mm (1.71 in) height, compared to a 59 mm (2.32 in) diagonal for
`the GBC. Although like its predecessor, the Game Boy Pocket has no backlight to allow play in a
`darkened area,
`it did notably improve visibility and pixel response-time (mostly eliminating
`ghosting).!42! Thefirst version did not have a power LED.This was soon added dueto public demand,
`along with new GameBoyPocket units of different colors (released on April 28, 1997), some of them
`new to the GameBoyline. There were several limited-edition Game Boy Pockets, including a gold-
`metal model exclusive to Japan.[431 The Game Boy Pocket was not a new software platform and
`played the same software as the original Game Boy model.!441
`
`
`
`Game Boy
`Pocket,first
`release
`
`A clear'skeleton' Famitsu edition appeared in 1997, which had only 5,000units released, and a clear
`yellow edition.
`
`Game BoyLight
`
`GAME BOY LIGHT
`
`Logo
`
`The GameBoyLight was released on April 14, 1998, and only available in Japan.
`Like the Game Boy Pocket, the system wasalso priced at ¥6,800. The Game Boy
`Light
`is only slightly bigger than the Game Boy Pocket and features an
`electroluminescent backlight for low-light conditions. It uses two AA batteries,
`which gave it approximately 20 hours with the light off and 12 with it on. It was available in two
`standard colors: gold andsilver.!45! It also received numerous special editions, including an Astro Boy
`
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`edition with a clear case and a picture of Astro Boy on it,'46] an Osamu Tezuka
`Worldedition with a clear red case anda pictureof his characters, /47! and a solid
`yellow Pokémon Center Tokyoversion.
`
`Games
`
`Launchtitles
`
`The Game Boy wasreleased alongside six launch titles, which are listed in the
`table below:
`
`Name
`
`JP
`
`NA
`
`EU
`
`Notes
`
`
`
`GameBoyLight
`
`
`
`Alleyway ¥|Breakout clonewa i
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Baseball ¥|Sports gamei i
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Super MarioLand| ¥|Platform gamein the Super Mario seriesrf
`
`
`
`
`
`Tennis X=|Sports gamex WA
`
`
`
`
`
`Tetris
`
`x
`
`i
`
`f
`
`Port of the 1984 puzzle game of the same name
`
`
`
`Yakuman f|48]|yl48]|Mahjong game
`
`Reception
`
`Though it was less technically advanced than the Lynx and other competitors,
`notably by not supporting color, the Game Boy's lower price along with longer
`battery life made it much more successful.'49! In its first two weeks in Japan, from
`its release on April 21, 1989, the entire stock of 300,000 units was sold; a few
`monthslater on July 31, 1989, 40,000 units were sold onits first release day.[501
`More than 118.69 million units of the Game Boy and Game Boy Color combined
`have been sold worldwide, with 32.47 million units in Japan, 44.06 million in the
`Americas, and 42.16 million in other regions.!7! By Japanese fiscal year 1997,
`before Game BoyColor's releasein late 1998, 64.42 million units of the Game Boy
`had been sold worldwide.!7/[54] At a March 14, 1994, press conference in San
`Francisco, Nintendo vice president of marketing Peter Main answered queries
`about when Nintendo was coming out with a color handheld system by stating
`that sales of the Game Boy were strong enoughthat it had decidedto hold off on
`developing a successor handheldfor the near future.!52!
`
`
`
`The original
`Game Boylacked
`a backlight, so
`manythird-party
`accessories were
`created to make
`
`play possible in
`low-light
`conditions
`
`In 1995, Nintendo of America announced that 46% of Game Boy players were
`female, which was higher than the percentage of female players for both the
`Nintendo Entertainment System (29%) and Super Nintendo Entertainment
`System (14%).[53] In 2009, the Game Boy wasinductedinto the National Toy Hall of Fame, 20 years
`after its introduction.'54] As of June 6, 2011, Game Boy and GameBoyColor gamesare available on
`the Virtual Console service on the Nintendo 3DS's Nintendo eShop.|55!
`
`In a 1997 year-end review, a team of four Electronic Gaming Monthly editors gave the Game Boy
`scores of 7.5, 7.0, 8.0, and 2.0. Sushi-X (who contributed the 2.0) pannedthe system dueto its black-
`and-white display and motion blur, while his three co-reviewers praised its long battery life and
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`strong games library, as well as the sleek, conveniently pocket-sized design of the new Game Boy
`Pocket model.[56!
`
`Notes
`
`a. Japanese: 7 — 4.7 — 4 , Hepburn: Gémubdi
`b. This processoris similar to an Intel 8080 in that none of the registers introduced in the Z80 are
`present. However, someof the Z80's instruction set enhancements over the 8080, particularly bit
`manipulation, are present. Features removedfrom the Intel 8080 instruction set include the parity
`flag, half of the conditional jumps, and I/O instructions. I/O is instead performed through memory
`load/store instructions. Still, several features are added relative to both the 8080 and the Z80,
`such as newload and storeinstructions to optimize access to memory-mappedregisters. The IC
`also contains integrated sound generation.
`c. Japanese: /47 — 4.7 — 4 7O 2%, Hepburn: Gému Boi Burosu,officially known as 7 — Lak — 4 7
`7 +f—X Gému Bai Burazasu
`
`References
`
`1. White, Dave (July 1989). "Gameboy Club". Nintendo Power. No. 7. p. 84.
`2. "retrodiary: 1 April — 28 April". Retro Gamer. No. 88. Bournemouth: Imagine Publishing. April 2011.
`p. 17. ISSN 1742-3155 (https:/Awww.worldcat.org/issn/1742-3155). OCLC 489477015 (https://ww
`w.worldcat.org/oclc/489477015).
`3. "Happy 20th b-day, Game Boy: here are 6 reasons why you're #1"(https://arstechnica.com/gamin
`g/2009/04/game-boy-20th-anniversary/). Ars Technica. September 7, 2015. Archived (https://web.
`archive.org/web/20170815023656/https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2009/04/game-boy-20th-anniv
`ersary/) from the original on August 15, 2017. Retrieved June 14, 2017.
`4. "The Real Cost of Gaming: Inflation, Time, and Purchasing Power"(https://www.ign.com/articles/2
`013/10/15/the-real-cost-of-gaming-inflation-time-and-purchasing-power). October 15, 2013.
`Retrieved August 28, 2020.
`5. "Argos Catalogue 1990"(https://issuu.com/retromash/docs/argos-no36-1991-autumnwinter/1 ?ff).
`January 21, 2022. Retrieved January 21, 2022.
`6. Freundorfer, Stephan (October 12, 2015). "Matsch-Screen statt Touchscreen"(https://www.spiege
`|.de/netzwelt/games/25-jahre-game-boy-in-deutschland-a-1056277.html). Der Spiegel. Retrieved
`August 28, 2020.
`7. "Consolidated Sales Transition by Region" (https://www.webcitation.org/6hBWIh2Ib?url=https://ww
`w.nintendo.co.jp/ir/library/historical_data/pdf/consolidated_sales_e1603.pdf) (PDF). Nintendo.
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`onsolidated_sales_e1603.pdf) (PDF) on May 1, 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
`8. "Technical data" (https://www.nintendo.co.uk/Support/Game-Boy-Pocket-Color/Product-informatio
`n/Technical-data/Technical-data-619585.html). Nintendo of Europe GmbH.
`9."50 Most Popular Video GamesofAll Time"(https://247wallst.com/special-report/2018/01/30/most
`-popular-video-games-of-all-time/10/). 247wallst.com. Retrieved May 21, 2018.
`10. "All-time best selling console games worldwide 2018 | Statistic" (https://www.statista.com/statistic
`s/264530/all-time-best-selling-console-games-worldwide/). Statista. Retrieved May 21, 2018.
`
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`12.
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`13.
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`
`15.
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`18.
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`21.
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`Umezu; Sugino. "Nintendo 3DS (Volume 3 — Nintendo 3DS Hardware Concept)" (http://iwataasks.
`nintendo.com/interviews/#/3ds/how-nintendo-3ds-made/1/0). /wata Asks (Interview: Transcript).
`Interviewed by Satoru Iwata. Nintendo. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150725233103/ht
`tp://iwataasks.nintendo.com/interviews/#/3ds/how-nintendo-3ds-made/1/0) from the original on
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`Beuscher, Dave. "Game Boy- Overview"(https://web.archive.org/web/2014121211281 2/http://ww
`w.allgame.com/platform.php?id=20). Allgame. Archived from the original (http://www.allgame.com/
`platform.php?id=20) on December 12, 2014. Retrieved September 11, 2008. "A team headed by
`Gumpei Yokoi [sic] designed the Game Boy. Yokoi had previously designed hand held games for
`Nintendo with the cartridge based Game & Watch system, introduced in 1980. His staff, called
`Research and Development (R and D) team #1, had designed the successful NES games Metroid
`and Kid Icarus. What Yokoi's team did was create a hybrid of the NES and the Game & Watch
`systems."
`"Satoru Okada talks Game & Watch, Game Boy and Nintendo DS development"(http://www.japan
`esenintendo.com/post/155107688449). /ssue 163. Retro Gamer Magazine. 2016. Archived (http
`s://web.archive.org/web/201 70101232208/http://www.japanesenintendo.com/post/155107688449)
`from the original on January 1, 2017. Retrieved January 1, 2017.
`"AtariAge - Lynx History" (http://www.atariage.com/Lynx/history.html). AtariAge. Archived (https://w
`eb.archive.org/web/20161201065331/http://www.atariage.com/Lynx/history.html) from the original
`on December 1, 2016. Retrieved November22, 2016. "Eventually the Lynx was squeezed out of
`the picture and the handheld market was dominated by the Nintendo GameBoywith the Sega
`Game Gear a distant second."
`Kent 2001, p. 416. "According to an article in Time magazine, the one million Game Boyssent to
`the United States in 1989 met only half the demand for the product. That allotment sold out in a
`matter of weeks and its black and white (except for Konami/Factor 5 games and SeaQuest DSV),
`was shownin color like the Game Gear version."
`
`Stuart, Keith. "Nintendo Game Boy — 25 facts for its 25th anniversary" (https:/Avww.theguardian.co
`m/technology/2014/apr/21/nintendo-game-boy-25-facts-for-its-25th-anniversary). The Guardian.
`Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161123134026/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/
`2014/apr/21/nintendo-game-boy-25-facts-for-its-25th-anniversary) from the original on November
`23, 2016. Retrieved November22, 2016.
`Audureau, William (March 18, 2015). "NX, Ultra 64, Revolution... Petite histoire de Nintendo a
`travers ses nomsde code"(http://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2015/03/18/nx-ultra-64-revolution-
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