SAMSUNG 1015
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`© Voice Processing ® Carrier Telephony
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`® Windows 95, NT, NetWare & Unix Networking
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`® Wired & Wireless Telecommunications
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`1
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`SAMSUNG 1015
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`copyright © 1998 Harry Newton
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`All rights reserved underInternational and Pan-American Copyright conventions, including the right to reproducethis book or
`portions thereof
`in any form whatsoever.
`
` NEWTON’S TELECOM DICTIONARY NEWTON’s TELECOM DICTIONARY
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`www.commandweb.com
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`Published in the United States by
`Flatiron Publishing,
`a division of Miller Freeman, Inc.
`
`Tenth floor
`12 West 21 Street
`New York, NY 10010
`212-691-8215 Fax 212-691-1191
`1-800-999-0345 and 1-800-LIBRARY
`email: Harry_Newton@email.msn.com
`personal web site: www.harrynewton.com
`dictionary sales site: www.telecombooks.com
`
`ISBN Number 1-57820-023-7
`
`March,
`
`1998
`
`Manufactured in the United States of America
`
`Fourteenth Expanded and Updated Edition
`Cover Design by Saul Roldan
`Printed at Command Web, Secaucus, New Jersey
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`induced during cabling operations. See also LOOSE Type
`TIE 1. Joining cables and/or wires together.
`BUFFER.
`2. TimeInterval Error.
`
`Tightly Coupled Describingthe interrelationship of pro.
`3. Trusted Information Environment, an encryption scheme.
`
`cessingunits that sharereal storage,that are controlled by the
`TIE/Communicatioms A PBX and key system distributor
`
`same control program and that communicate directly it
`to end users based in Seymour, CT. TIE was one of the origi-
`
`each other. Compare with loosely coupled.
`nal manufacturers of interconnect equipmentin the US. TIE
`
`Tightly Coupled CPUsTerm usedto describe multiple.
`stood for Telephone Interconnect Equipment. The company
`
`
`fell on hard timesin the late 1980s. It ceased manufacturing©processor computers in which several processors share the
`
`equipment and ceased acting as a wholesaler of others’—same memory and bus.
`
`equipment. Nowit’s simply a distributor and Nitsuko, its pri-
`Tile A surface segment of a furniture system panel, usually
`
`mary Japanese supplier, has taken over the sale of its own
`removable for access to cables or patch panels containeq
`
`equipment directly.
`within the panel.
`Tie Down Verb meaning to terminate a wire on a main,
`_Tilimg An unpleasant mosaic-like effect created by block-oyj-
`
`intermediate or satellite distribution frame.
`ented video compression techniques
`like DCT (Discrete
`
`Tie Line A dedicated circuit
`linking two points without hav-
`Cosine Transform), used in the JPEG (Joint Photographics
`
`ing to dial
`the normal phone number. A tie line may be
`Expert Group) standard. See DCT and JPEG.
`
`
`accessed by lifting a telephone handset or by pushing one,©TIM Teletyper Input Method. See TELETYPER INPUT
`
`two or three buttons.
`METHOD.
`Tie Trumbkc A dedicated circuit linking two PBXs.
`Timbre The quality of tone distinctive to a particular voice,
`
`Tie Trunk Access Allows a phone system to handle tie©Time-based Authoring Tool A multimedia creation
`
`lines which can be accessed either by dialing a trunk group
`_tool that uses time as a metaphor for building @ project,
`
`access code or through the attendant.
`Generally, objects are set up to happen at a certain timeina
`
`TIFF Tag Image File Format. TIFF provides a way of storing—_project, rather than in a certain place.
`
`and exchanging digital
`image data. Aldus Corp., Microsoft
`Time Assignment Speech Interpolation TAS|, j
`
`Corp., and major scannervendors developed TIFF to help link
`voice elephone technique whereby the actual presence of a
`
`scanned imageswith the popular desktap publishing applica-
`speech signal activates circuit use. The result is clipping of the
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`tions.
`It
`is now used for many different types of software.
`first bit of the speech, but more efficient use of the transmission
`
`applications ranging from medical imagery to fax modemdala—_‘facility. TASI is used on expensivecircuits, such as long sub-
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`transfers, CAD programs, and 3D graphic packages. The cur-
`marine cables. See TASI.
`rent TIFF specification supports three main types of image
`Time Congestion The time resources (outgoing trunks)
`
`data: Black and white data, halftones or dithered data, and
`—_are busy.
`grayscale data. Some wags think TIFF stands for “Took It
`Time Divert To Attendant A system feature which
`
`From a FotograF.” It doesn't.
`automatically transfers a phone to the attendantif the phone
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`TIES Time Independent Escape Sequence, a feature of—has been lef off-hook too long.
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`modems.
`Time Diversity A method of transmission wherein a sig-
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`Tiger Team A group hired byan organization to defeat its
`nal represe ting the same information is sent over the same
`
`own security system to learn its weaknesses.
`channelat different times. Often used over systemssubject to
`Tight Buffer Fiber Optic Cables Tight-buffered fiber
`burst error conditions and with the spacing adjusted to be
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`optic cables use aramid strength members inside the cable
`longer than an error burst.
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`instead of gelfilling, as is the case with loose-tube gel-filled©Time Division Controller TDC. A device which com-
`fiber optic cables. One of the advantages of tight-buffered+mandsfunctions, monitors status and connects channelsof
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`fiber optic cables having aramid strength members along
`1D cards
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`every inch of the cable is that the cable can be hung vertical-
`Time Division Multiple Access TDMA. A technique orig-
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`ly and the fibers are still protected forthe entire length of the—_inated in satellite communicationsto interweave multiple con-
`cable. This is not the case with loose-tube gelfilled fiber—versations into one transponderso as to appearto get simulta-
`
`neous conversations. A variation on TASI. A technique now used
`optic cables because, when they are hung vertically, all the gel
`—_in cellulara d other wireless communications. See TDMA.
`filling settles to the bottom andthe optical fibers are no longer
`protected. Tight-buffered fiber optic cables also have buffer
`Time Division Multiplex TDM. A techniquefor trans-
`coatings (up to 900 microns) over each optical fiber cladding
`—_mitting a numberof separate data, voice and/orvideosignals
`for
`added environmental
`and mechanical protection,
`simultaneously over one comr unications medium by quick-
`increased visibility, and ease of handling. Tight-bufferedfiber
`yy interleaving a piece of each signal oneafter another. Here's
`optic cables can
`be used indoors and outdoors which allows
`our problem. We haveto transport the freight of five manu-
`one cable to be usedinstead of having to switch
`cable types
`—facturers
`from Chicago to New York. Each manufacturers
`atthe building entrance. This is different from loose-tube gel-
`reight will fit into 20 rail boxcars. We have three basic solu-
`filled cables becausethe gel is flammable and the cable must
`ions. First, build five separate railway lines from Chicago to
`be spliced to indoor flame-retardant cables for
`runs into
`ew York. Second, rent five engines and schlepp five com
`buildings. Therefore, according to manufacturers,
`tight-
`plete rains to NewYork on onerailway track. Or, third,join all
`buffered fiber optic cables reduce labor, equipment and mate-
`he boxcars together into one train of 100 boxcars and run
`rials cost while improving system performance andreliabilily.
`hem on onetrack. The train mightlook like this: Engine,
`See also Aramid and Tight
`Jacket Buffer.
`Boxcar from Producer A, Box Car from Producer B, Producer
`Tight Jacket Buffer A buffer construction which uses aC, Producer D, Producer E, and then the order begins
`direct extrusion of plastic overthe basic fiber coating. This
`again...Boxcar from Producer A, Producer B...Moving one
`
`construction serves to protect the fiber from crushing and
`large train of 100 boxcars is likely to be cheaper and mote
`impact
`loads and to some extent from the microbending
`efficient than moving five smallertrains each of 20 boxcarson
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`be used byvoice, data, and LAN traffic on a timeof day basis.
`fhe’ sits substantial savings over have five separate nel-
`BEY
`3UFFER.
`For example,during the day, mostof the T1 bandwidth can be
`Be (five separate tracks) and sendingfive separate trans-
`Tightly Coupled Describing the interrelationship 0
`allocated for voice. At night, after employees go home, more
`a ions (five separate trains).
`sessing units that share real storage,that are controlled hee
`‘fs
`3ame control program and that communicate direct|
`;
`bandwidth can be allocated to LAN
`andothe! computer data
`is ig what
`Time Division Multiplexing is all
`about. And the
`om=
`2ach other. Compare with loosely coupled.
`¥ ih
`_traffic so thatfile transfers can be done faster. This is particu-
`valogy is perfect. Take one large train (fast communications
`lightly Coupled CPUs Term used to descripe Multi)
`
`
`pannel) and | erleave pieces (Doxcars) from each conversa-—_larly useful in IBM mainframe environments where large
`wocessor computers in which several processors share
`aesSs
`one after another.
`If you do this fast enough, you'll never
`amounts of data needs to be
`transferred
`form remote
`same memoryandbus.
`tice you've broken the conversations apart, moved them
`__offices/divisions to the headquarters.
`fille A surface segment of a furniture system pane| Usual
`: aralely, and then put thenbacktogetherat the distantend.
`Time OutIn telecommunications and computer networks,
`emovable for access to cables or patch panels conta
`DM you “sample” each voice conversation, interleave the
`an event which occursat the end of a predetermined interval
`vithin the panel.
`si
`ie ples, send them on their way,
`then reconstruct the sever-
`_of time is called Time Out. For example if you
`lift the phone
`filing An unpleasant mosaic-like effect created by block-oyi
`aeorwersat onsat the other end. There are several ways todo
`—_off
`the cradle and do
`not proceedto dial, after a certain num-
`inted video compression techniques
`like DCT (Disc
`te sampling. You can sample eightbits (one byte) of each
`—_berof seconds you will
`hear either a voicetelling you to get
`sosine Transform), used in the JPEG (Joint Photographics
`gnvarsation, or you can sample one bit. Theformer is called
`on with it or a howling sound of some sort. Data networks
`
`-xpert Group) standard. See DCT and JPEG. interleaving. The basic goal of—have the samething. Don't do anything for x minutes and theri interleaving;thelatter bit
`
`
`TIM Teletyper
`Input Method. See TELETYPER INPUT
`multiplexing — whetherit be time division multiplexing, or
`system will knock
`youoff the air, i.e. hang up on you.In more
`
`
`
`
`METHOD, to save money, to cram more conversa-—_technicalany other forn — is terms,time out is the amountof time that hardware
`
`fibre The quality of tone distinctive to a particular Voice
`iions (voice, data, videoorfacsimile) onto fewer phone lines.
`—_orsoftware waits for an expected event before taking correc-
`
`
`fime-based Authoring Tool A multimedia creatig Jo substitute electronics for copper. See also the following__tive action. In its most commonform,time out is the amount
`901 that uses time as a metaphor for building a proje
`ree definitions.
`of time an OCC ortelephonesystem waitsaller your call goes
`
`
`ienerally, objects are set up to happen at a certain timeina Time Division Multiplexer TDM. A device which—through before it beginsbilling or timing the call. Also see
`
`iroject, ratherthan in a certain place. datives multiple channels on a single transmission facility by|ANSWER SUPERVISION.
`‘ime Assignment Speech Interpolation TASI A
`connecting bit streams one ata time at regular intervals.
`It
`Time Sharing A mode of operation that provides for the
`
`dice telephone technique whereby the actual presence ofa pterleaves bits or characters from each terminal or device—_interleaving of two or more independent processes on one
`Its most common useis theinterleaved use
`peechsignal activates circuit use. The result is clipping of rs
`sing the time. See TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEX.
`functional unit.
`
`St bit of the speech, but moreefficient use of the transmission Time Division Signaling Signaling over atime division—_of time on a computing system enabling two or moreusers to
`
`execute computer programs concurrently. Time sharing of
`cility. TASI is used on expensivecircuits, such as long sub-
`multiplex system in which all voice channels share acommon
`arine cables. See TASI.
`signaling channel, with time division providing the separation
`computer
`resources is nowrelatively obsolete. See also
`‘ime Congestion Thetime resources (outgoing trunks)
`between signaling channels. See SIGNALING SYSTEM 7.
`TIMESHARING below.
`
`@ busy. Time Division Switching The connection of two circuits+Time Sharing Computer System A computer system
`
`
`ime Divert To AttendantA system feature whic) ina network by assigning them to the same time slot on a_permitting usage by a numberof subscribers, usually through
`data-communication subsystems. This is usually the case
`utormatically transfers a phone to the attendant if the phone
`commontime division switched bus.
`
`cannot
`as beenleft off-hook too long.
`Time Domain Reflectometer TDR. A testing device
`where the users have only dumb terminals that
`ime Diversity A methodoftransmission wherein a sig- that acts on radar-like principles to determine the location of|process data by themselves the way a stand alone computer
`
`al representing the same information is sent overthe samme
`metallic circuit faults.
`can. Computers are being joined together
`to deliver more
`nannel at different times. Often used over systems Subject to
`Time Guard Bane A timeinterval
`left vacant on a chan-
`computing power whereit is most needed.
`urst error conditions and with the spacing adjusted to be
`el {0 provide a margin of safety againstinterference in the
`Time Slice In a multi tasking environment, each task is
`
`ingerthan an error burst. between sequential operations, such as detec-_allotted a portion of the CPU's overall processing power. Thisime domain
`
`ime Division Controller TDC. A device which com-
`tion,
`integration, differentiation,
`transmission, encoding,
`portion is called a time-slice. And it's
`usually measured in
`ands functions, monitors status and connects channels of
`decoding, or switching.
`milliseconds. The CPU switches between tasks, and those
`DM cards.
`Time Jitters Short-term variationor instability in the dura-
`with higher priority receive more time-slices than lower-pri-
`ime Division Multiple Access TDMA. A technique orig
`tion of a specified interval.
`ority tasks. See TIME SLICING.
`iated in satellite communications to interweave
`Time Marker A reference signal, often repeated periodi-
`‘Time Slicing The term used to describe the dividing of a
`multiple con-
`2rsations into one transponderso as to appearto get simul
`cally, enabling the correlation of specific events with a time
`computer
`resource so multiple applications or
`tasks request-
`
`30US conversations. Avariation on TASI. Atechnique now used scale. markers are used in some systems for establishing—_ing i resource atsalle ed some amountof the resource’s
`cellular and other wireless communications. See TDMA.
`synchronization.
`time.
`See TIME SLICE.
`
`ime Division Multiplex TDM. A techniquefor trans- Time Multiplexed Switch The space switch of which—Time Slot1. In time division multiplexing or switching, the
`itting a numberof separate data, voice and/or videosignals
`the cross pointsettings are changed in each
`timeslot.
`slot belonging to a voice, data or video conversation. It can be
`multaneously over one communications medium by quick
`Time Of Day Display The time and date displays on
`occupied with conversation orleft blank. But the slot is always
`interleaving a piece of each signal oneafter another. Heres
`phones. Actually, it's very useful information. Sometimesits
`present. You cantell the capacity of the switch or the trans-
`Jr problem. We have to transport the freightof five manu-
`not displayed on the operator's console. As a result, the oper-
`mission channel byfiguring how manyslots are present.
`cturers from Chicago to New York. Each manufacture's
`alor may never know that every phonein theoffice is showing
`2. An SCSA term. The smallest switchable data unit on the
`sight will fit into 20 rail boxcars. We have three basic soll-
`the wrong time and date.
`SCbus or SCxbus Data Bus.A time slot consists of eight con-
`ns.First, build five separate railway lines from Chicago !0
`Time Of Day Routing 1. This feature automatically
`secutive bits of data. Onetime slot is equivalentto a data path
`
`aw York. Second,rentfive engines and schleppfive con times when the—with a bandwidth of 64 Kbps.changes access to certain types of lines at
`
`ete trains to New York on onerailwaytrack.Or, third,joinal
`lines change from being expensive to cheap, of vice versa.
`Time Space Time System TST. The most commonform of
`e boxcars together into one train of 100 boxcars and (un
`FOr example,it's cheaper to use WATSlines before 8:00 AM
`switching matrix for small digital telephone exchangesin which
`em on one track. The train might
`look like this: Engin
`nthe morning. A companyhasoffices in
`New York and Los
`a spaceswitch is sandwiched betweentwo time switches.
`yxcar from Producer A, Box Car from Producer B, Produce
`Angeles.
`It might be cheaper to route calls to Chicago inthe
`Time Switelh A device incorporating a clock which arranges
`Producer D, Producer E, and then the order begifs
`Morning over the tig lines to LA and then out the LA WATS
`to switch equipmenton oroff at predetermined times
`jain...Boxcar from Producer A, Producer B...Moving one
`lines to Chicago, than to go directly out the New York WATS
`Time Varying Media An SCSAdefinition. Time-varying
`‘Ge train of 100 boxcarsis likely to be cheaper and mole
`lines. This is @ way to allocate bandwidth for LAN traffic over
`media, such as audio data (as opposed to space-varying
`‘cient than movingfive smallertrains each of 20 boxcars on
`Sofporate T-1 Networks. By programming T-1 multiplexers,
`media, such as imagedata).
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