`United States Patent
`[19J
`
`Billstrom et al.
`
`5,590,133
`[lll Patent Number:
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`[45]Date of Patent:
`
`I 1111111111111111 11111 111111111111111 IIIII 1111111111 1111111111111111111 IIII
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`US005590133A
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`[54]APPARATUSES AND MOBILE STATIONS
`
`FOR PROVIDING PACKET DATA
`
`COMMUNICATION IN DIGITAL TDMA
`CELLULAR SYSTEMS
`
`K.Felix, "Packet Switching in Digital Cellular Systems",
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Pro. 38th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf, pp. 414-418
`(Jun. 1988).
`"Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) System Specifica­
`
`
`
`[75]Inventors: Lars Billstrom, Sonla; Lars
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`tion", vol. 1 System Overview, Release 1.0 (Jul. 19, 1993).
`
`
`
`Wetterborg; Steinar Dahlin, both of
`
`
`
`P. Decker, "Packet Radio in GSM", Tech.Doc. SMG 4 58/93,
`
`
`
`Jarffilla; Bengt Persson, Djursholm, all
`
`
`
`
`European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
`of Sweden
`(Feb. 12, 1993).
`P.Decker et al., "A General Packet Radio Service Proposed
`
`
`
`
`
`for GSM", Aachen University of Technology (Oct. 13,
`
`
`[73]Assignee: Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson,
`1993).
`
`Stockholm, Sweden
`J.Hamalainen et al., "Packet Data over GSM Network",
`
`
`
`Tech. Doc. SMG 1 238/93, ETSI (Sep. 28, 1993).
`
`
`CME 20 System Survey Doc. No. EN/LZT 120 226 R4B,
`
`
`
`
`
`Chapter 3, pp. 17-28; Chapter 5, pp. 57-68; and Chapter 9,
`
`
`
`pp. 121-148, Ericsson Radio Systems AB (1991, 1992,
`1994).
`
`[21]Appl. No.: 354,874
`
`[22]Filed:Dec. 9, 1994
`
`
`
`[30] Foreign Application P riority Data
`
`
`
`
`
`Primary Examiner-Benedict V. Safourek
`
`
`Assistant Examiner-Seema S. Rao
`
`
`Dec. 10, 1993 [SE] Sweden .................................. 9304119
`
`
`Attorney, Agent, or Finn-Bums, Doane, Swecker &
`
`[51]Int. Cl.6 ......................•.........
`
`Mathis, L.L.P.
`H04T 3/26; H04Q 7/38
`
`
`
`[52]U.S. Cl ............................. 370/349; 379/60; 455/332;
`[57]
`ABSTRACT
`
`
`
`370/332; 370/337; 370/338; 370/403
`
`
`
`
`Apparatuses and mobile stations are described which pro­
`
`[58]Field of Search .................................. 370/94.1,
`95.1,
`
`
`
`vide packet data services in TDMA (Time Division Multiple
`
`
`370/95.3, 60, 110.1, 79; 379/58, 59-63;
`
`
`
`
`
`Access) cellular systems, based on providing shared packet
`
`455/331, 54.1, 56.1; 340/825.44
`
`
`
`data channels optimized for packet data. A first "integrated"
`
`
`
`
`
`embodiment utilizes the current cellular infrastructure to the
`References Cited
`
`
`
`
`extent possible consistent with functional and performance
`
`
`
`requirements. Shared packet data channels in base stations
`
`
`
`
`may be provided dynamically determined by demand. A
`
`
`
`packet data controller in each Mobile services Switching
`
`
`12/1989 Felix ...................................... 370/94.1
`4,887,265
`
`
`
`
`
`Center controls access to the packet data services. A packet
`4,916,691
`
`
`
`4/1990 Goodman .................................. 370/60
`
`
`
`data router in each MSC routes packets to and from the MSC
`
`
`
`4/1992 Ostlund .................................. 455/54.1
`5,103,445
`
`
`
`
`
`
`service area. A backbone network interconnects packet data
`
`
`
`3/1993 Bolliger et al. ........................ 370/94.1
`5,195,090
`
`
`routers and Interworking Functions providing internetwork­
`
`
`
`4/1994 English et al. ......................... 370/94.1
`5,305,308
`
`
`
`12/1994 Amitay ................................... 370/94.1
`5,371,780
`
`
`
`
`ing with external network(s). A second "separate" embodi­
`5,384,826
`
`
`
`1/1995 Amitay ................................... 370/94.1
`
`
`
`ment, in order to minimize the impact on the current cellular
`
`
`
`3/1995 Beeson, Jr. et al. ................... 370/94.1
`5,396,543
`
`
`
`
`
`system, primarily utilizes the base station portion of the
`
`
`
`
`
`cellular system, relying for the remaining network parts on
`
`
`
`a separate mobile packet data infrastructure.
`
`[56]
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`2063901 9/1992 Canada .
`
`544464 6/1993 European Pat. Off ..
`
`
`
`57 Claims, 20 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`,1:1
`��I
`
`
`·------------------------------
`----·
`-------------------------------
`-- =PACl<ET C\IJA (PO)AIDRElATEO SiGNAWNG
`- -=CllCUII MOOE \IOQ/DEDICAIED C\IJANO RElAlED SIGN,t,UJNG
`------·-SiGNAUJNG
`
`1
`
`SAMSUNG 1006
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 1 of 20
`
`5,590,133
`
`-------
`
`
`
`JOVIYAINI
`
`'
`
`SNOUONNS
`
` ONITIWNOIS=
`EWINTIEOWSId|wweeeeeReeeeeeeeeeeet
`eeemewweey
`
`
`ONITIVNOISGalv14dONYVivGalvOIdSd/OIOASGOWUNDYIO=-—---~—
`OY|~s,fond]NINdVVIBOvd
`
`
`
`
`ONITIVNOSNSG31V134ONY(Gd)viVdLOWd=
`
`TOUINODANY
`
`ft
`
`t
`
`IWA|‘|al|SW“
`
`2
`
`

`

`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 2 of 20
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`oeOlas
`
`
`
`(dl)SIdWVXSDSNIMYOMYALNIGNVTOO00.LOHdHHOMLANVELNI
`
`
`
`
`
`SW
`
`LW+41
`
`
`
`
`
`5,590,133
`
`
`
`SASIWSYdHAWOLSNOL¥1SOH-~HOMIANdlIWNH3LGNW1d
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` di/dO1ONVNV1‘Y3LNOWdi‘D'SJO9OLOYdLANVYLNI StSMTOSWSid
`
`3
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 3 of 20
`
`5,590,133
`
` NOdSd
`TWNHALXSNW1d
`
` TOSOLOYd
`AHOMLANVHYLNI
`
`aMOssla
`
`
`
`NOISSAYdWOSTWNOILdOHLIM
`
`
`
`NOLLOANNOOLHOdSNVHL
`
`
`
`(S2°X)AIdWVX3ONIIHOMYS.LNIONVTOSOLOWdWHOMLANVYLNI
`
`
`
`
`
`4
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 4 of 20
`
`5,590,133
`
`vpSls
`
`ALVLiSdd
`
`«SSdYNGAVOWd
`
`HOdd.
`
`44dO-HSMOd/HOVISG
`
`HOVLLV/NO-H3aMOd
`
`«~SSHNGADOU"d
`
`WSD.
`
`OSLOANNOOD
`
`ALVLS
`
`5
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 5 of 20
`
`5,590,133
`
`FIG. 5A
`SEQUENCE DIAGRAM: MOBILE ORIGINATED PD STATE ESTABLISHMENT
`
`MSC/VLR
`
`MS
`
`CHAN REQ (1)
`
`BSS
`
`weeee SERV REQ (4)
`PD STATE ESTABL.
`
`
`
`REQ ACK(5)
`
`TMS! REALLOC CMD (12)
`
`TMS! REALLOC COM (13)
`
`OPTIONAL
`
`
`
`
`
`REGISTER MS AS BEINGIN PD STATE.
`
`PD STATE GRANT(15)
`PD STATE GRANT (16)0[TTT TTT TT
`
`
`
`
`
`
`6
`
`

`

`Sheet 6 of 20
`
`5,590,133
`
`
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 31,
`
`1996
`
`gsDis
`
`(6!)
`
`(02)
`
`
`
`NOHOGdALVOOTIV
`
`ONVWaG
`
`S‘Sid
`
`
`
`(k2)|HOOdNOANIS30
`
`O4ANIHOD
`
`
`
`(ez)NOV
`
`2eoOFSADSOSHetSDSSEEN}AaYSYSSRETSM6meHoOSHDSEESSSOEYSEEHRDSS}RNSSEDSE=eraNS©ore
`
`
`
`
`
`61139GaloaiasNiGaLvOOTI¥HOdd(81)
`
`
`
`
`
`SHA
`
`(zz)
`
`
`
`éQalVvOoTTyHOdd
`
`
`
`HO/GNVHAWLL¥AGGEYOLINOWSISLVLSGdal
`
`
`
`‘TNOSHLNI(ON/S3A)(vz)
`
`NOILY901T1S9S.SWNONOILVAHOSNISHOLS
`
`
`
`NOLLYOOTIVHOddNO(ATIVNOLLdO)GNY
`
`
`
`
`HOddNOY3SSSNVHLLaHOVdHLIMGS300Hd
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`SIGOMaAd"D'S-SHNGEA90"dGANIAa0s3ud
`
`ONYNOLLY9071139§.SWNONOLLVANHOSNISSCMIONI(€Z)HOV“SLON
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(S)HSWLLSLVLLINI‘WSWLLALIALLOVNINY
`
`
`
`
`
`“T1390SHLNI(ON/S3A)NOLLYOOTIHOddNO(ATIVNOLLdO)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`SaHNGAIOWdLSSNOadNOLLVOOTIVHOdd
`
`7
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 7 of 20
`
`5,590,133
`
`HODO/HDE
`
`JWVaALINN
`
`AWVUSLINN
`HOOds
`
`
`
`SAWVaELLINANFINMOd9‘Old
`
`INVUSILINA
`
`HOddN
`
`“peteheLeeLt,Br
`
` JINVUSLLINA
`
`SWVaa-LS
`
`8
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 8 of 20
`
`5,590,133
`
`S3aWves/49018
`
`‘SSWVdSLLINWNi
`
`24-04'8dd
`
`si-ed
`
`64-94
`
`add
`
`bd
`
`
`
`ONIMOTIOdNi€4-04+2/SAWVYALLINW
`
`0/9SAWVHALLINW
`
`tha@d
`
`Z°DlA
`
`
`
`JTOADAWVYSILINN
`
`SNVesILINA-B
`
`
`
` HOOdQS0NSLXS/HO0ELNAYHYNDOLDNINALSINSHMLd3oxa(1) TTOAO
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`LSVOOVOHEHOddNONOLLVOIGNIDV14Hav(2)
`
`(1)TIOAOUNAYSAR
`HoodLNaOvrav(9
`
`
`
`
`
`WS1SvVoavoua1139(2
`
`
`
`G3GNALXS.LNSXHNO(Ss
`
`(2)HHO
`
`
`
`(z)HOOGLNSHYNO(r
`
`
`
`LSVOOVOHSHOdd(1
`
`
`
`HOSLNSYYNOD(z
`
`ALVLSOdNISW
`
`‘OLNALSIT
`
`
`
`+HOOdLNSOVrav(e
`
`(1)HOS
`
`9
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 9 of 20
`
`5,590,133
`
`FIG. 8
`
`SEQUENCE DIAGRAM:
`MOBILE ORIGINATED PDCH ON DEMAND ALLOCATION
`
`MS
`
`BSS
`
`CHAN REQ(1)ed
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`eee ww oe
`
`PDCH ALLOC REQ
`
`ACK(4)SS
`
`NO ACTION
`
`(6)|ALLOCATE MPDCH
`
`(7)|DEFINE ON BCCH
`
`BCCHINFO_!
`——— oo on oe 4
`
`
`
`PDCH ALLOCATED?>)(8)
`
`PROCEED WITH PACKET TRANSFER ON PDCH
`
`PREDEFINED PROCEDURE:
`E.G. ABOVE PROCEDURE PERIODICALLY
`REPEATED UP TO A PREDETERMINED MAXIMUM
`NUMBER OF TIMES.
`
`10
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 10 of 20
`
`5,590,133
`
`
`
`
`
`eeeeneeeebeneeeeeeeee4|Neeweeecceeneeenee#Meee
`
`
`
`
`
`@)SHOGdJONOUWOOTIV‘LEWHOMOTdSINWNAG
`
`V6‘SIs
`
`ee;\ANWINOD
`NOUVoOTIVHOC Powe
`
`
`
`ON,ZNOLIVUNSINODSWHISASNOUR
`
`
`
`Poeewot‘ON\,SAA|SNgnouvooryaNdNOHOGIYOdIsaNOR!
`
`!*aA!PTTtrots
` |HOOENO3NIJAC|poBeroo!|HOGAN
`
` eens"(QAIGWIWAVTANNWHO+2-->
`
`
`eweweeee
`
`steers
`
`aIVOOTIV
`
`11
`
`11
`
`

`

`TF
`
`qd6‘2)|4HOddSISSN
`
`GININYACIadYIAO(L<§sNHOdS|(SL)
`
`
`OnCOSHOWsYLITTGSNIWUALACAd(91)
`
`
`
`NOINdHONOUHLFOVYFAYJUNSW3W
`
`
`UWagenLWTUaMO1OSWNTUden
`e1)LITAINAWTSNNWHD(9)
`
`
`SOICNY(HOGANNO|NOUWOOTIWHOGdINIsa(q)
`
`
`NOINGONOUHLJOVeAAVFUNSVa
`
`
`GANIWAIACIYdYSAO(SIHOGdN
`
`LAT3M)
`
`(218)ty)
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 11 of 20
`
`5,590,133
`
`WIL4O(s}goRIad
`
`JWI4O(S\dOI3d
`
`NOUWOOTIV
`
`
`
`eTAVIWAVTANNVHD
`
`
`
`4OSSWAMON‘HOO8
`
`3SVI1deHOG
`
`12
`
`12
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`
`
`NOLIGNODGVOTUSAOONIATIOSS/ONLOdTa(sz)
`
`
`
`(ez)(¥)yOoaIOudddisnravaa|{7L)
`
`
`UOdSUNGIOONdGANIICIdU6‘Sid
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 12 of 20
`
`5,590,133
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`SUVOIGNISIS3NO
`
`sou|
`
`
`
`4OAONANOIUJ$300
`
`
`
`NOUYDOTIVaaloarau
`
`ONFINGSHOS
`
`13
`
`ai(uenJeu
`
`13
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 13 of 20
`
`5,590,133
`
`OF‘Sls
`
`AMIHIA/OSWosd
`
`SidSW
`
`(L)OFSDOVGNVY
`
`~
`™en
`—a,
`—
`~
`~~
`~
`
`~(2)SAYNVHO
`
`“_
`oo
`
`ad
`
`(¢)Viva
`
`
`
`SLANIGALYOOTIV(S)HOdd
`
`SNOISSIWSNVULAYON
`
`
`
`‘(SNOLLUWNSSY¥)SALON
`
`ALVLSddNISWe
`
`ONITIVNDIS=~---~-
`
`vivd=-—-—
`
`(9)VLVd
`
`(2)Viva
`
`~—~
`-_—
`ed
`—_
`
`-
`
`—_
`
`ua
`_—_—
`
`(s)viva
`
`
`
`(v)(@UaAVD)NOV
`
`“oe
`-
`
`wo
`”
`
`14
`
`
`
`JIdNVX4EYSAASNVYLLLENOWVdGALVNIDYOJNGOW
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`‘WVYHDVIGAONANDAS
`
`14
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 14 of 20
`
`5,590,133
`
`
`
`‘(GOWAYWNOILLVLSNI3EAVNSW'6'2)NMONNOLLYOO1TISOS:SN®
`
`
`
`
`
`LL“Old(NOLLVAHSSSYTANNVHOSLVIGSWWI.)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`AIdWVX3YIASNVHLLaOVdGALWNINYSLSIGOW
`
`
`
`WWVHDVICSONSNOAS
`
`(1)Viva
`
`(2)viva
`
`
`
`AMIYWosMsqSaSW
`
`(c)viva
`
`(s)SYNVHO
`
`
`
`(SNOLLdUNNSSY)SALON
`
`BIVISGdNISW©
`
`
`
`GaHSMaVLSaOSWLNSHYNOOLIMIWOHSSLNOYONTMYNSIS=+-——
`
`
`
`SLNIGALVOOTIV(S)HOddVvivd=
`
`
`
`iae(9)viva
`
`~~
`
`~—
`
`90VGSAYNIS3Y
`
`(2)IaMOVHLM
`
`
`
`
`
`(y)(@uBAV)MOV|>~~WeeorT
`
`15
`
`SNOISSINSNVHLSYON©
`
`15
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`SJONaNOAS.F1dWVX4STIGOWVolSlaWWVHDVIGHAASNVHLL3WOVdCSLVNINHAL
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 15 of 20
`
`5,590,133
`
`(1)viva
`
`(2)viva
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`IMIHIWOSWOsaSigSW
`
`(ONIDWd)
`
`(©)GWoDNIDVd
`
`~
`_
`
`~
`~
`~
`
`(g)oau>
`
`eeneme
`
`16
`
`(21)dSaHONIDVa|(EL)WOW
`
`
`
`
`__90VG3AWaS3Y
`(6)dSaHONIDYd
`
`
`(9)OV"7"(2)oNIOWd
`
`~~“(01)SAHNWHO
`
`)OV”T(@)awoONIDVd
`
`16
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 16 of 20
`
`5,590,133
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`NVDNIAHSSSYSdALSOVSSSWONIDVWd¥ONISN‘STISOJOYSEWNNTIVWS¥YSA0ONIDWd
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(91)Viva
`
`~~L)yo
`
`—oe
`
`~_
`_
`_
`
`
`
`(e+)viva
`
`—
`
`—
`
`—te
`
`
`
`(24)(2YBAW1)HOV
`
`—
`
`~—
`—,
`
`(St)(@HSaAWT)yov
`
`—
`
`VelSls
`
`Gel“Sid
`
`ol‘Sls
`
`
`
`GaHSNaVLSaOSWLNSYYNODOL4MIWOWdSLNOY
`
`delSid
`
`
`
`SLENIGaLVOOTIV(S)HOdd
`
`
`
`(SNOLLUWNSSY)SSLON
`
`SLVLSHdNISW
`
`ONITIVNDIS=+--—
`
`
`
`vVivaq=-———_
`
`17
`
`
`
`‘GNOdSauYOLSWAHLYOsLOISSSADOV
`
`SNOISSINSNVdladONe
`
`17
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`STTIdWVX4YSSSNVALLOW-HDGdN
`
`ClOld
`
`cS=2XAQNILSW=LXAQNI
`
`GAANSIa=4add=J
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`UASSNVALLLIOWdGAIVNISINOSISOW=CL)
`
`
`
`UIYSNVALLOWCALWNIWNALSTGOW=(@)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`isundSSSDOVGaANsasSAY=ODOVdy
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`IsundSSIDOWWOONWY=D0VWa
`
`
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 17 of 20
`
`5,590,133
`
`—_.Q_—>auWu ‘Zviva=@suo!squHO%30Nd
`
`~
`
`-olall
`
`-
`
`4,4=4SNANTINMOG
`
`HOddA
`
`Lviva%90¥lSov
`
`HOGdW
`
`NTN
`
`18
`
`18
`
`

`

`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 18 of 20
`
`5,590,133
`
`U.S. Patent ONITIWNOIS=47-7700
`
`
`
`
`JINSHOSONISSIUCCYISU-TWANVXGONUNOY
`
` €UAean[-[omf-—|8Ssd
`|
`NidWid1OvdSVINTIDWHOIG
`
`
`
`
`vil‘Old
`
`19
`
`19
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 19 of 20
`
`
`
`ah
`le]
`
`|
`
`#
`
`5,590,133
`FIG.15ROUTINGEXAMPLE-SECONDADDRESSINGSCHEME ale 20 s
`
`
`
`
`DIGITALCELLULARPACKETDATAPLMN
`23
`(fe)
`[8]
`a (le)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`{le}
`
`:
`.
`28
`ff
`
`!
`
`2
`
`1g
`
`20
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 20 of 20
`
`5,590,133
`
`9L‘Sd
`
`TeeeeeeeeeeeeeeHeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
`
`
`
`NWidYVINTISDWldid
`
`i'4
`
`
`
`
`
`TUNLONALSVAAN!Viv11OVdFIGOW
`
`21
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ONITIVNEISGALVTSYGNYVivGalvOIGIA/SOIOASGOWLINDEIO=~~~
`
`
`
`ONITIWNOIS=~~----
`
`
`
`
`
`ONITIVNENSGALVTaeCNV(Gd)vivaLOvd=
`
`
`
`21
`
`
`
`
`

`

`5,590,133
`
`1
`APPARATUSES AND MOBILE STATIONS
`FOR PROVIDING PACKET DATA
`COMMUNICATIONIN DIGITAL TDMA
`CELLULAR SYSTEMS
`BACKGROUND
`
`This invention relates to digital TDMA (Time Division
`Multiple Access) cellular radio mobile telecommunications
`systems. Morespecifically, the present inventionis directed
`towards apparatuses and mobile stations for providing
`packet data communications services in current TDMA
`cellular systerns.
`Mobile data communication is rapidly becoming one of
`the fastest growing segments of the mobile communications
`market. Independent market studies predict several million
`users in Europe by the year 2000. A strong driving force is
`the fast growing portable personal (“laptop”, “palmtop” and
`“notebook”) computer market and the need for flexible
`wireless data communicationsit creates. This market force
`is further emphasized by the emerging new communication-
`centered devices, commonly referred to as “Personal Digital
`Assistants” or “Personal Communicators”. Target applica-
`tions include:
`The wide range of standard business applications today
`predominantly used across fixed data networks, such as
`electronic mail and host computer/data base access.
`Specialized mobile data applications including vehicle feet
`control and road transport informatics.
`Fixed wircless applications, including remote monitoring
`and control applications, and credit card verification and
`similar financial transaction applications.
`Possible new applications as a result of the convergence of
`the two enabling technologies of new personal comput-
`ing/communicating devices and efficient and widely
`available mobile data communications.
`To support this variety of applications in a cost effective
`manner, a mobile data network should:
`Provide packet mode data services based on shared packet
`data radio channels optimized for packet data (exploiting
`the bursty nature of most data communications applica-
`tions) to achieve spectrum efficiency and cost effective-
`ness.
`
`Provide industry standard network services, including stan-
`dard connectionless network (datagram) services and,
`depending on market requirements, standard connection-
`oriented network (virtual call) services e.g. to provide
`transparent X.25 connectivity.
`Provide performance (packettransfer delays) comparable to
`what is provided by current fixed networks,
`to allow
`existing standard applications to be used without modi-
`fication.
`Provide broadcast and multicast services to support special-
`ized mobile applications.
`Providing the packet data services on a cellular system
`platform offers potential advantages in terms of widespread
`availability, possibility of combined voice/data services, and
`comparatively low additional investments by capitalizing on
`the cellular infrastructure. Of particular interest are current
`TDMAcellular systems, through their spectrum efficiency
`and world wide penetration. Examples of potential TDMA
`platforms include:
`GSM (Global System for Mobile communication)
`Systems with a GSM type of architecture but operating in
`other frequency bands, such as the 1800 and 1900 MHz
`bands, including PCN (Personal Communications Net-
`work) in Europe and PCS (Personal Communications
`Services) in the U.S.A.
`
`wn
`
`25
`
`35
`
`50
`
`2
`The North American D-AMPS (Digital Advanced Mobile
`Phone Service) system.
`The Japanese PDC (Personal Digital Cellular) system.
`However, the data services provided by or proposed for
`cellular systems in general are with few exceptions based on
`circuit mode of operation, using a dedicated radio channel
`for each active mobile user. The exceptions include the
`packet data concepts described in the following documents:
`a) U.S, Pat. No. 4,887,265 and Proc. 38th IEEE Vehicular
`Technology Conference, June 88, Philadelphia (U.S.), pages
`414-418: “Packet Switching in Digital Ccllular Systems”.
`These documents describe a cellular system providing
`shared packet data radio channels, each one capable of
`accomodating multiple data calls. A mobile station request-
`ing packet data service is assignedto a particular packet data
`channel using essentially regular cellular signalling. The
`system may include Packet Access Points (PAPs) for inter-
`facing with packet data networks.In that case, each packet
`data radio channel is connected to one particular PAP andis
`thus capable of multiplexing data calls associated with that
`PAP. System initiated handover (handoff) is employed, to a
`large extent similar to the type of handoverused in the same
`system for voice calls. A new type of handoveris added for
`handling situations when the capacity of a packet channelis
`insufficient.
`b) U.S. Pat. No. 4,916,691.
`This documentdescribes (for one of the embodiments) a
`new packet mode cellular radio system architecture, and a
`new procedure for routing (voice and/or data) packets to a
`mobile station. Base stations, public switches via trunk
`interface units, and a cellular control unit are linked together
`via a wide area network. The routing procedure is based on
`mobile station initiated handover and on adding to the
`header of any packet transmitted from a mobile station
`(duringa call) an identifier of the base station through which
`the packet passes. In case of an extended period of time
`between subsequent user information packets from a mobile
`station, the mobile station may transmit extra control pack-
`ets for the sole purpose of conveying cell location informa-
`tion. The cellular control unit is primarily involved at call
`establishment, when it assigns to the call a call control
`number.It then notifies the mobile station of the call control
`number and the trunk interface unit of the call control
`numberand the identifier of the initial base station. During
`a call, packets are then routed directly between the trunk
`interface unit and the currently serving base station.
`c) Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) System Specifi-
`cation, Release 1.0, July, 1993.
`CDPD is a new concept for providing packet data ser-
`vices, utilizing available
`radio channels on
`current
`Advanced Mobile Phone Service AMPS systems (i.e. the
`North American Analog Cellular System). CDPD is a com-
`prehensive, open specification endorsed by a group of U.S.
`cellular operators. Items covered include external interfaces,
`air interfaces, services, network architecture, network man-
`agement, and administration. The CDPD system specifiedis
`to a large extent based on an independent infrastructure.
`Common denominators with AMPS systems are limited to
`utilization of the sametype of radio frequency channels and
`the same basestation sites (the base station itself, used by
`CDPD,is new and CDPD specific), and employment of a
`signalling interface for coordinating channel assignments
`between the two systems. Routing a packet to a mobile
`station is based on, first routing the packet
`to a home
`network node (home Mobile Data Intermediate System,
`MD-IS) equipped with a home location register (HLR),
`based on the mobile station address; then, when necessary,
`
`22
`
`22
`
`

`

`5,590,133
`
`3
`routing the packet to a visited, serving MD-IS based on HLR
`information; and finally transferring the packet from the
`serving MD-IS via the current base station, based on the
`mobile station reporting its cell
`location to its serving
`MD-IS.
`
`4
`It is another object of the invention to provide a mobile
`station for packet data communication over TDMAcellular
`shared packet data channels enabled by the integrated sys-
`tem concept.
`Another objectof the invention is to provide a “separated”
`system concept that provides the new packet data services
`with minimum impact on the current TDMAcellular infra-
`structure, by primarily utilizing the base station portion of
`the cellular system and for the remaining network parts
`relying on a separate mobile packet data infrastructure. As
`the base station portion (including sites) constitutes a major
`part of a cellular system investment,
`the advantage of
`capitalizing on the cellular infrastructure applies also for this
`system concept. The remaining separate infrastructure may
`be based on available mobile packet data network technol-
`ogy.
`It is yet another object of the invention to provide a
`mobile station for packet data communication over TDMA
`cellular shared packet data channels enabled by the sepa-
`rated system concept.
`These objectives are attained by apparatuses and mobile
`stations as described below.
`
`d) ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Insti-
`tute) T Doc SMG 4 58/93, Feb. 12, 1993: “Packet
`Radio in GSM”; and “GSM in a future competitive
`environment”, seminar, Helsinki, Oct. 13, 1993: “A
`General Packet Radio Service Proposed for GSM”.
`These documents outline a possible packet access proto-
`col for voice and data in GSM.
`e) ETSI T Doc SMG | 238/93, Sep. 28, 1993: “Packet
`Data over GSM Network”.
`This document describes a concept of providing packet
`data services in GSM based on first using regular GSM
`signalling and authentication to establish a virtual channel
`between a packet mobile station and an “Agent”, handling
`accessto packet data services. With regular signalling modi-
`fied for fast channel setup and release, regular traffic chan-
`nels are then used for packet transfer.
`Of the above documents, documents d) and e) directly
`relate to a TDMAcellular system. Documents d), although
`For example, Applicants’ invention provides an apparatus
`outlining a possible organisation of an optimized shared
`for providing packet data communication to and from
`packet data channel, do not deal with the aspects of inte-
`mobile stations in a digital TDMAcellular system having a
`grating packet data channels in a total system solution.
`plurality of base stations providing regular cellular control
`The concept described in document e), being based on
`channels; one or more mobile services switching centers,
`using a “fast switching” version of existing GSM traffic
`each being associated with a visitor location register and
`channel, has disadvantages in terms of spectrum efficiency
`being coupled to a subordinated plurality of the base sta-
`and packet transfer delays (especially for short messages)
`tions; and home location register means for storing infor-
`compared to a concept based on optimized shared packet
`mation on subscribers. The apparatus comprises a channel
`data channels.
`providing device for providing, in at least some of the base
`The system described in documentsa)is data call oriented
`Stations, on a per cell basis, one or more shared packet data
`and based on using system initiated handover in a similar
`channels for packettransfer to and from the mobilestations,
`way as for regular voice calls. Applying these principles for
`and a packet transfer controlling device for controlling the
`providing general purpose packet data services in a TDMA
`packet transfer.
`cellular system would imply spectrum efficiency and per-
`The apparatus further comprises a channel defining device
`formance disadvantages. For example, system initiated han-
`for defining, on a per cell basis, the packet data channel to
`dover in GSM is based on allocating 2c of a traffic channel
`be used for initiating packet transfer; a first packet data mode
`capacity during a call for signalling related to monitoring
`establishing device for establishing packet data mode for a
`and controlling signal quality (for a single mobile station) in
`mobile station to enable the mobile station to send and
`preparation for a possible handover.
`receive packets over the packet data channels; andafirst
`The systems described in documents b) and c) are not
`packet transferring device for transferring packets between
`directly related to the specific problems of providing packet
`the mobile stations and a base station; a second packet
`data services in TDMAcellular systems.
`transferring device for transferring packets between the base
`To summarize, there is a need for a system concept for
`stations and their respective superior mobile services switch-
`providing general purpose packet data services in TDMA
`ing centers.
`cellular systems, based on providing shared packet data
`The apparatus further comprises a packet routing device
`channels optimized for packet data.
`for routing packets to and from a service area of a mobile
`SUMMARY
`services switching center; a first device for performingcell
`selection for a mobile station in packet data mode;afirst
`The overall object of the present invention is to provide
`device for performing location updating for the mobile
`system concepts for providing general purpose packet data
`station in packet data mode; a first packet data mode
`communication services in current digital TDMAcellular
`maintaining device for maintaining the packet data mode for
`systems, based on providing spectrum efficient shared
`a Toaming mobile station; and a first packet data mode
`packet data channels optimized for packet data and compat-
`terminating device for terminating the established packet
`data mode for the mobile station.
`ible with cellular requirements. Target systems include GSM
`systems, systems based on GSM architecture but opcrating
`in other frequency bands (e.g.
`the 1800 and 1900 MHz
`bands), D-AMPS and PDC systems.
`Specifically, an object of the invention is to provide an
`“integrated” system concept that provides the new packet
`data services in a closely integrated way,utilizing the current
`TDMAcellular infrastructure to the extent possible consis-
`tent with packet data functional and performance require-
`ments.
`
`Applicants’ invention also provides a mobile station for
`packet data communication over digital TDMA cellular
`shared packet data channels provided by the apparatus
`described above. The mobile station comprises a channel
`identifying device for identifying, on a per cell basis, the
`packet data channelto be used for initiating packet transfer;
`a second packet data mode establishing device for estab-
`lishing packet data mode for the mobile station to enable it
`to send and receive packets over the packet data channels; a
`
`20
`
`25
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`23
`
`23
`
`

`

`5,590,133
`
`5
`device for sending and receiving packets over the packet
`data channels; a second device for performingcell selection
`in packet data mode; a second device for performing loca-
`tion updating in packet data mode; a second packet data
`mode maintaining device for maintaining the packet data
`modefor the mobile station; and a second packet data mode
`terminating device for terminating the established packet
`data mode for the mobile station.
`
`6
`addressing scheme chosen is such that an MS's IP address
`identifies the MS as belonging to a particular MSC.
`FIG. 16 illustrates an embodiment of the “separated”
`system concept applied to a GSM system (“Embodiment
`II”), by showing a block diagram of a GSM system with a
`Base Station System (BSS) enhanced with PD functions, the
`major PD function blocks shown with bold contourlines.
`
`10
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the “integrated”
`system concept applied to a GSM system (“Embodiment I”),
`by showing a block diagram of a GSM system enhanced
`with packet data (PD) functions, the major PD function
`blocks shown with bold contourlines.
`
`invention are
`the
`embodiments of
`Two different
`described, both applied to a digital TDMAcellular system
`with a GSM type of architecture. Although this type of
`system may operate in another frequency band (such as the
`1800 or 1900 MHz band) than that specified for GSM,it is
`in the following description referred to as a “GSM system”.
`One of the embodiments
`(Embodiment 1)
`is directed
`towards providing the new packet data services in a closely
`integrated way, utilizing the current infrastructure to the
`extent possible, consistent with functional and performance
`requirements. By
`contrast,
`the
`second
`embodiment
`(Embodiment 2), in order to minimize the impact on the
`current system, primarily utilizes the base station portion of
`the GSM system, for the remaining networkparts relying on
`a separate mobile packet data infrastructure.
`The description focuses on the new packet data functions
`introduced. Descriptions of the GSM system as imple-
`mented by Ericsson may be found in Ericsson Review No.
`3, 1991 and in “CME 20 Training Document” with the
`Ericsson designation EN/LZT 120 226 R3A.
`I. EMBODIMENT 1
`LA Overview
`
`20
`
`40
`
`45
`
`FIG.2 illustrates an intranetwork protocol and interwork-
`ing example (Internet Protocol [P) for EmbodimentI.
`FIG.3 illustrates an intranetwork protocol and interwork-
`ing example (X.25) for EmbodimentI.
`FIG. 4 illustrates a new PD state (PD mode), introduced
`in EmbodimentI, in relation to regular GSM idle state
`(mode) and call-connected state (modc).
`FIGS. 5, 5A, and 5B show a sequence diagram illustrating
`establishment of PD state (PD mode),
`initiated from a
`mobile station (MS).
`FIG. 6 shows an example of.a 51-frame Master packet
`data channel (MPDCH) downlink multiframe, together with
`the muitiframe cycle in FIG. 7 provided for coordinating
`listening to MPDCH with listening to regular GSM broad-
`cast channels
`(applicable both to Embodiment I and
`“Embodiment EH” below).
`FIG. 1 illustrates a GSM system enhanced with packet
`FIG. 7 shows an exampleof a multiframe cycle formed by
`data (PD) functions, the major PD function blocks shown
`8 MPDCHdownlink multiframes(illustrated in FIG. 6), and
`with bold contour lines. A plurality of Base Transceiver
`an example of scheduling adequate times for listening to
`Stations (BTSs), each providing radio communication ser-
`regular GSM broadcast channels.
`vice to multiple Mobile Stations (MSs) in one cell, together
`FIG. 8 shows a sequence diagram illustrating allocation of
`provide complete coverage of the GSM Public Land Mobile
`a packet data channel (PDCH) on demand,initiated from an
`Network (PLMN) service area. Only one BTS and one MS —
`MS(applicable to embodiment I).
`are shown schematically in the figure. It comprises a Mobile
`FIGS. 9, 9A, 9B, and 9C showaflow chart,illustrating the
`Termination (MT) and a Terminal Equipment (TE) part. A
`process of dynamically allocating PDCHsbased on through-
`group of BTSsis controlled by a Base Station Controller
`put measurements (applicable both to EmbodimentI and II).
`(BSC), and these together form a Base Station System
`(BSS). One or more BSSs are served by a Mobile services
`FIG. 10 shows a sequence diagram illustrating an
`Switching Centre (MSC) with an associated Visitor Location
`example of a mobile originated packet transfer in Embodi-
`ment I.
`Register (VLR). An MSCcontrols calls to and from other
`networks such as PSTN (Public Switched Tcicphone Net-
`work), ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), or other
`PLMNnetworks. An MSC equipped for routing incoming
`calls is referred to as a Gateway MSC (GMSC). One or more
`MSCservice areas together constitute the PLMN service
`area. Furthermore, the MSC/VLR(s) are via a CCITT (Inter-
`national Telegraph & Telephone Consultative Committee)
`Common Channel Signalling (CCS) system No. 7 network
`connected to a Home Location Register (HLR), which is a
`data base comprising information onall subscribers, includ-
`ing location information identifying the MSC/VLR where a
`subscriberis currently (or waslast) registered. Connected to
`HLR,is an Authentication Centre (AUC), that provides HLR
`with authentication parameters. To allow identification of
`subscriber equipment, an EquipmentIdentity Register (EIR)
`is provided, connected to the MSC(s). Finally, an Operations
`and Maintenance Centre (OMC) may be included for pro-
`viding overall network support.
`The packet data functionality added in BTS includes
`capability to provide one or more shared packet data chan-
`
`FIG. 11 shows a sequence diagram illustrating an example
`of a mobile terminated packet transfer (using “immcdiate
`channel reservation”) in EmbodimentI.
`FIGS. 12, 12A, and 12B show a sequence diagram
`illustrating an example of a mobile terminated packet trans-
`fer (using paging) in EmbodimentI.
`FIG. 13 shows examples of a mobile originated and a
`mobile terminated packet transfer on an MPDCH,thereby
`illustrating the principles of using Uplink State Flags (USFs)
`and a type of paging that reserves an access slot for the MS
`to respond (applicable both to Embodiment I and TT).
`FIG. 14 illustrates an example of routing from an inter-
`working function (IWF)
`to an MS’s currently serving
`Mobile services Switching Centre (MSC) in EmbodimentI,
`when the addressing schemechosen is such that an MS’s IP
`address identifies the MS as belongingto a particular public
`land mobile network (or group of MSCs).
`FIG.15 illustrates an example of routing from an IWF to
`an MS8’s currently serving MSC in EmbodimentI, when the
`
`50
`
`60
`
`65
`
`24
`
`24
`
`

`

`5,590,133
`
`7
`nels (here referred to as “PDCHs’), depending on demand.
`In a cell, only occasionally visited by a packet data user, a
`PDCH may beallocated temporarily on user demand. In a
`cell with continuous packetdata traffic dernand on the other
`hand, one or more PDCHs may either be allocated on a
`semi-permanentbasis, or be allocated dynamically, adapted
`to the current load situation. The allocation of PDCHsis
`controlled from BSC. The degree of PDCH support in a cell
`(continuous, on user demand, or no support at all) may be
`configurable. Information defining the support level and any
`PDCH,allocated for initiating packet transfer,
`is broad-
`casted on a regular GSM Broadcast Control Channel
`(BCCH). A PDCHis a new type of logical channel on a
`physical TDMA channel (time slot), optimized for