Smart Mobile Technologies, Exhibit 2032
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`NEWTON ' S TELECOM DICTIONARY
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`NEWTON'S TELECOM DICTIONARY
`
`A Flatiron Publishing, Inc. Book
`copyright © 1997 Harry Newton
`published by Flatiron Publishing, Inc.
`
`All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright conventions. including the
`right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever. Published in the United
`States by Flatiron Publishing, Inc., New York.
`
`12 West 21 Street
`New York, NY 10010
`212-691-8215 Fax 212-691-1191
`1-800-999-0345
`1-800-LIBRARY
`Email harrynewton@mcimail.com
`
`ISBN 1-57820-008-3
`
`February, 1997
`
`Manufactured in the United States of America
`
`Twelfth Edition
`Cover design by Mara Seinfeld
`Printed at Command Web, New Jersey
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`Smart Mobile Technologies, Exhibit 2032
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`NEWTON'S TELECOM DICTIONARY
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`similar spec1f1ca11on m lhe header area • SUMMARY AREA Only segments contammq tolal or conlrol informallon may occur m
`this area (e g invoice tolaf etc)
`Data Service Unit DSU Device designed lo connect a DTE (Oala Terminal Equipment like a PC or a LAN) lo a d1g1tal phone
`fme to allow fully-digllal communications A DSU 1s sort ol lhe d1g1tal eQu1valen1 of a modem In more technical terms a DSU
`1s a type of short haul. synchronous data fine driver. normally installed at a user location lhal connects a user's synchronous
`equipment over a 4 wire circuit lo a servinQ dial central-01t1ce This service can be tor a point to-point or muthpoml opcra11on
`In a d1g1tal data network DSUs are typically used !or leased lrnes. For switched d1g1lal services, you need a CSU/OSU also called
`a DSU/CSU See CSU/DSU and DSU/CSU
`Data Set In AT& 1 Jargon a data set 1s a modem, 1 e a device which performs the modulalion/demodulat1on and control lune(cid:173)
`hons necessary lo provide compat1bihty between business machines which wo1k m digital (on-ofl) signals and voice telephone
`tines In IBM 1argon however, a data set 1s a collection of data, usually in a hie on a disk See also MODEM
`Data Set Ready One of lhe control signals on a standard RS-232-C connector II indicates whether lhe dala communica-
`11ons eqwpment Is conneLled and ready to start handshaking control signals so that lransm1ss1on can start See RS-232-C and
`lhe Appendix
`Data Sheets Whal Business Communications Review calls Its stahsl1t.af and descnpt1ve material comparing PBXs. BCR
`includes these data sheets m its excellent BCA Manual of PBXs This manual 1s lhe most extensive wnte-up al larger (more than
`200 hnc) PBXs in lhe world II is available lrom Telecom Library on 1 800-LIBAARY
`Data Signaling Rate The total ol lhe number of bits per second In the lransm1ss1on path ol a data 1ransm1ss1on system A
`mea~urcment of how quickly data is transm1tled, expressed m bps, blls-pe1 -second.
`Data Sink Part ol a terminal 1n which data 1s received from a data link
`Data Source The originating device in a data communications link.
`Data Steward A new role ol data caretaker emerging in business units. Individual lakes respons1b1hties lor the data content
`and quality
`Data Stream 1 Collecllon ol characters and data bits transml11ed through a channel
`2 An SCSA term A continuous flow ol call processing data
`Data Surfer A person who makes a living doing on line research and mlormallon retrieval Also known as a Cybranan (comes
`from .;yberspace librarian) or a super searcher See CYBRARIAN
`Data Switching Exchange DSE Tho equipment installed at a single locallon to perform sw1lch1ng functions such as cir(cid:173)
`cult switching, message sw1tch1ng, and packet swilchmg.
`Data Synchronization The process ol keeping database data timely and relevanl by sending and receiving inlorma11on
`between laptops, between desktops in the field and between bigger computers al headquarters See also SYNCHRONIZATION
`and REPLICATION
`Data Terminal Equipment DTE. A delin11ion 01 hardware specrlicallons lhaf provides for data communications. There are
`two basic specs your hardware can conform lo, DTE (Data Termlnal Equipment) or □CE (Dala Communicauons Equipment) See
`DCE and DTE
`Data Terminal Ready One of the control signals on a standard RS- 232-C connector It indicates 11 the data terminal equip
`menl is present connected and ready and has had handshaking signals venlled See RS-232-C and lhe Appendix
`Data Transfer Rate The average number of bits, characters, or blocks per unit lime passing In a data lransm1ss1on system
`Data Transfer Request Signal A call conlrol signal transm1Ued by a □CE to a DTE to indicate lhal a d1stanl DTE wants
`to exchange data
`Data Transfer Time The time that elapses between the Initial oftenng of a unit of user data 10 a nelwork by transmitting data
`terminal equipment and the complete delivery of Iha! unit to receiving data lerminal equ1pmen1
`Data Typing When converhng a database lrom one formal lo another, several conversion programs will convert the data to a
`common formal before converting 1t to the linal version During the conversion process a program may check through lhe data
`m the database lo determine whal 1l rs and arbitrarily make one field numeric, one lleld character, one lteld memo, etc
`Data Warehouse A database warehouse consolidates information from many departments within a company This data can
`either be accessed quickly by users or put on an OLAP server lor more thorough analysis. Data warehouses often use OLAP
`servers OLAP stanr1s for On Line Analytical Processing, also called a mullld1menslonal database. According to PC Week. lhese
`databases can slice and dice reams of data to produce meamnglul results that go lar beyond what can be produced using lhe
`traditional two-d11nens1onal query and reporl loots fhal work with most relallonaf databases OLAP data servers are best suited
`to work with da1a warehouses See DATA WAREHOUSING.
`Data Warehousing A sollware strategy in which data are extracted from large transactional databases and other sources
`and stored in smaller dalabases, making analysis ol the data somewhat easier See DATA WAREHOUSE
`Database A collecl1on al data slruclured and organized in a d1sc1plmed fashion so that access 1s possible quickly to mfor(cid:173)
`ma11on of interest There are many ways of organizing databases Most corporate databases are nor one single, huge file They
`are multiple databases related to each other by some commo11 thread e.g an employee 1dcnhl1callon number. Databases are
`made up of two elements, a record and a lield A record 1s one complete entry 1n a database, e.g Gerry F11esen. 12 West 21
`Slreet Nrw York, NY 10010, 212·691-8215 A held would be lhe street address field namely 12 Wes! 21 Street
`Databases are stored on computers in d1llerent ways Some are comma delineated They d1fferen11ate between their t1efds with com(cid:173)
`mas - like Gerry's record above A more common way ol storing databases Is with fixed length records Here, all !he l1efds and all
`the records are ol the same length The computer l1nds fields by index and by counting For example, Gerry·s hrsl name might occu(cid:173)
`py the first 15 characters Gerry's last name might be the next 20 characters, elc Where Gerry's names are loo short to hll the full
`15 or 20 characlers, their fields are ·padded' w1lh specially-chosen characters which the compuler recognizes as padded charac(cid:173)
`ters to be ignored The mosl importanl thing 10 remember aboul databases is lhat all the common database programs. like dBASE,
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`NEWTON'S TELECOM DICTIONARY
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`forms of Store and Forward mP.ssaQe sw,lchmg
`Stored Procedures Complied code on a dalJbase se1ver lhal reduces lhe processing burd~n on clients
`Stored Program Computer A computer controlled by 1mernally slored 1nslruct,ons thal can synthesize and store inslruc(cid:173)
`tions. and lhat can subsequently execute those ,nstruct1ons See also STORED PROGRAM CONTROL
`Stored Program Control SPC The routinµ ol a phone call through a switching matrix is handled by a program stored in a
`computer-like device. whrch may well be a special-purpose computer Before SPC switches came along. the rotary dialing of the
`phone caused the elements of the switch to directly step" through their dialing palh This was slow and cumbersome. since d1al-
`1ng can be slow Also subscribers can abort hall way (they made a mistake) and this can mess up lhe sw,lch's eff1c1ency Thus the
`move to stored program control switches was very s1gml,cant These days virtually all switches as stored program control Nothing
`happens in lhe sw1tch1ng matrix unlll lhe stored proaram conlrol receives all !he dialing digits and decides what to do with them
`Stovepiplng In a call center, agents typically need access to many databases In the past they've used dumb terminals. They
`log into one computer, get into one database go lurther into 1t When they need information out of another database, they've typ•
`1cally had to climb out of the previous database, the previous computer, log into another and climb down into 11 This is called
`stovep1ping because 11 follows the contours ol a stovepipe These days, agents have intelligent computers as terminals They
`can access several databases at once, by simply having different windows open on their screen or having a front end program
`lhal populates a screen with information from several databases, most likely using a GUI 1nlerlace.
`STP 1 Shielded Twisted Pair Twisted pair (TP) w,rrng with a metal foil sheath around it lo limit interference.
`2 Signal Transfer Point The packet switch 1n the nation's emerging Common Channel Interoffice Signaling (CCIS) system The
`CCIS is a packet switched network operatmg at 4800 bits per second CCIS replaces both SF (Single Frequency) and MF (Mult1-
`frequency) by converting dialed d1g1ts to data messages ll will run al 56,000 bps with the mlroducl1on of Signaling System 7
`See SIGNALING SYSTEM 7 For a lull explanation of /he Advanced Intelligent Network. see AIN
`Straight-Through When wiring up phone and some data extensions. !here are basically two ways of doing it -
`straight(cid:173)
`through and crossover. Straight-through occurs when you wire both ends identically so the signals pass straight through This
`1s typically done w1lh patch panels and modular EIA adapters. Crossover wiring has a reverse order of w111ng As an example,
`let's take a lour conductor. RJ-11 In a crossover w111ng (e.g. an RJ-11 phone extension cord), conductor 1 would be connected
`to hole 1 on one plug and one 4 on the other end Conductor 2 would be connected to 4 And 3 would be connected lo hole 2
`Straight• Tip Connector ST Connector An optical fiber connector used lo join single fibers together at interconnects or to
`connecl them to optlcal cross connects.
`Straightforward Outward Completion Operator can place an outgoing call for phone user Also called 'Through
`Supervision.·
`Strand A single uninsulated wire
`Strand Loy The distance of advance of one strand of a spirally stranded conductor, m one turn. measured axially.
`Stranded Conductor A conductor composed of groups of wires twisted together
`Stranded Copper A type ol electrical wire conductor compnsed ol multiple copper wires twisted together forming a single
`conductor and then covered wrth an insulating Jackel
`Stranded fiber Cable A fiber cable m which 1ndiv1duat optical fibers are twisted around strength members. Both campus
`and building versions are used The campus version unlike the one lor buildings, 1s env1ronmenlally protected for outside use.
`Strap A permanent, wired connection between two more points
`Stray Current Current through a path other than the intended path See also SPURIOUS EMISSION
`Strawman This concept is widely used in selling The simple idea is to set up a Buyer's Checklist and tell your prospective
`customer that this Checklist 1s objective Any product that meets all the criteria 1s worth buying Of course there's only one prod(cid:173)
`uct that meets all lhe colena
`It's yours
`Stream An SCSA term One of 16 physical data lines making up the SCbus or SCxbus Data Bus.
`Streamer Streaming tape dove
`Streaming An Internet term. A Web page typically consists of text and graphics images. To receive the text typically takes
`much less time than rece1v1ng the graphics images One ot lhe features which Netscape's improved browser introduced was the
`streaming of graphical Image This allowed the user to look at a new page of text on screen as the graphics streamed in (came
`In over the phone lines) See INTERNET and HOME PAGE
`Streaming Media After Netscape defined the concept more narrowly -
`see Streaming - Bill Gales of Microsoft detined
`more broadly 10 video coming lo you m packets over lhe Internet. The stream 1s so last that the packets become full-blown 30
`frames per second video similar lo commercial. over-the-air TV.
`Streaming Tape Backup A device to back up files and programs A streaming tape backup looks very much like a large
`audio casselle
`II records data sequentially
`Streaming Tap• Drive A magnetic tape unit especially designed to make a nonstop dump or restore magnetic disks with(cid:173)
`out stopping at interblock gaps
`Streams An architecture introduced with umx System v Release 3 2 that provides for 11ex1ble and layered cornmun1ca11on path
`between processes (programs) and device drivers Many companies market apphcatlons and devices that can integrate through
`Streams protocols.
`Street Price The real or lyprcal selling p11ce of computers hardware. and sollware. Most laptop and desktop computers sell
`for about 25 percent below list puce Software may be discounted even more
`StrHt Talk The Banyan-developed protocol for d1scovenng and mamtammg resource information distnbuted among the
`servers connected to Banyans VINES network operatmg system Also known as a global naming service.
`StrHtswHper A heavy duty shotgun with a revolving round magazine typically holding 1812-gauge or 20-gauge shotgun
`shells This word crept into a story the Wall Street Journal ran on cellular fraud When lhe Feds rang a cellular phone store as a
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