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`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`_____________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`_____________
`
`CODE200, UAB; TESO LT, UAB; METACLUSTER LT, UAB;
`OXYSALES, UAB; AND CORETECH LT, UAB,
`Petitioners,
`
`v.
`
`BRIGHT DATA LTD.,
`Patent Owner.
`_____________
`
`Case No. IPR2022-01110
`Patent No. 10,484,510
`_____________
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`UNDER 35 U.S.C. §§ 311-319 AND 37 C.F.R. § 42.1 et seq.
`
`
`
`

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`
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
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`MANDATORY NOTICES ..................................................................................... xii
`Real Party-In-Interest – § 42.8(b)(1) .................................................. xii
`Related Matters – § 42.8(b)(2) ........................................................... xii
`1.
`United States Patent & Trademark Office ............................... xii
`2.
`United States Patent Trial and Appeal Board .......................... xii
`3.
`U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas .............. xiii
`Counsel and Service Information – §§ 42.8(b)(3) and (b)(4) ............ xiv
`
`INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 1
`I.
`CERTIFICATION OF STANDING ............................................................... 2
`II.
`III. UNPATENTABILITY GROUNDS ................................................................ 2
`IV. OVERVIEW .................................................................................................... 4
` Alleged Invention .................................................................................. 4
`Challenged Claims ................................................................................ 5
`Level of Ordinary Skill in the Art ......................................................... 8
`Prosecution History ............................................................................... 8
`
`CLAIM INTERPRETATION ......................................................................... 9
`PO’s Litigation Argument Regarding “Client Device” ........................ 9
`District Court Constructions .................................................................. 9
`“establishing a TCP connection”......................................................... 10
`1.
`Ordinary and Customary Meaning in the Art ........................... 11
`2.
`Usage in the ’510 Patent Specification ..................................... 14
`3.
`Prosecution History ................................................................... 15
`
`V.
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`VI. GROUND 1: Claims 1, 10, 12, 15-23—Anticipated by Plamondon ........... 17
`Plamondon (Ex. 1010) ......................................................................... 17
`Claim 1 ................................................................................................ 22
`1.
`Preamble [1P] ............................................................................ 22
`2.
`Step 1A ...................................................................................... 24
`3.
`Step 1C ...................................................................................... 26
`4.
`Step 1D ...................................................................................... 29
`5.
`Step 1E ...................................................................................... 31
`Claim 10 .............................................................................................. 33
`Claim 12 .............................................................................................. 34
`1.
`Element 12A ............................................................................. 34
`2.
`Element 12B .............................................................................. 35
`Claim 15 .............................................................................................. 36
`Claim 16 .............................................................................................. 37
`Claim 17 .............................................................................................. 37
`Claim 18 .............................................................................................. 39
`Claim 19 .............................................................................................. 40
`Claim 20 .............................................................................................. 40
`Claim 21 .............................................................................................. 41
`Claim 22 .............................................................................................. 41
` Claim 23 .............................................................................................. 42
`VII. GROUND 2: Claim 24—Obvious Over Plamondon ................................... 44
`VIII. GROUND 3: Claims 8, 11—Obvious Over Plamondon in
`View of RFC 2616 ......................................................................................... 45
`Claim 11 .............................................................................................. 45
`Claim 8 ................................................................................................ 47
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`IX. GROUND 4: Claims 8-9—Obvious Over Plamondon in
`View of RFC 1122 ......................................................................................... 48
`Claim 9 ................................................................................................ 49
`Claim 8 ................................................................................................ 49
`
`X. GROUND 5: Claim 2—Obvious Over Plamondon in View
`of IEEE 802.11-2007 ..................................................................................... 50
`IEEE 802.11-2007 (Ex. 1022) ............................................................. 50
`Claim 2 ................................................................................................ 51
`1.
`Element 2A ............................................................................... 51
`2.
`Element 2B ................................................................................ 52
`XI. GROUND 6: Claims 2-5—Obvious Over Plamondon in
`View of Price ................................................................................................. 53
`Price (Ex. 1023) ................................................................................... 53
`Plamondon-Price Combination ........................................................... 54
`Claim 2 ................................................................................................ 56
`1.
`Element 2A ............................................................................... 56
`2.
`Element 2B ................................................................................ 56
`Claim 3 ................................................................................................ 58
`Claim 4 ................................................................................................ 59
`Claim 5 ................................................................................................ 60
`
`XII. GROUND 7: Claims 6-7—Obvious Over Plamondon in
`View of Kozat ................................................................................................ 61
` Kozat (Ex. 1024) ................................................................................. 61
`Plamondon-Kozat Combination .......................................................... 63
`Claim 6 ................................................................................................ 66
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`1.
`
`Element 6A ............................................................................... 66
`a.
`Element 6A1 .................................................................. 66
`b.
`Element 6A2 .................................................................. 66
`Element 6B ................................................................................ 67
`2.
`Element 6C ................................................................................ 67
`3.
`Element 6D ............................................................................... 68
`4.
`Claim 7 ................................................................................................ 68
`
`XIII. NO BASIS EXISTS FOR DISCRETIONARY DENIAL ............................ 69
`XIV. CONCLUSION .............................................................................................. 69
`
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`
`
`TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
`
`CASES
`Apple v. Uniloc 2017,
`IPR2019-00918, Paper 21 (Oct. 15, 2020) ............................................................ 12
`Ericsson v. Intellectual Ventures II,
`IPR2014-01330, Paper 29 (Feb. 19, 2016) ............................................................ 48
`Hisense Visual Tech. v. LG Elecs.,
`IPR2020-01164, Paper 15 (Jan. 7, 2021) .............................................................. 50
`In re Rambus,
`694 F.3d 42 (Fed. Cir. 2012) ................................................................................. 15
`Nellcor Puritan Bennett v. Masimo,
`402 F.3d 1364 (Fed. Cir. 2005) ............................................................................. 15
`Trend Micro v. Cupp Computing,
`IPR2019-00641, Paper 7 (July 26, 2019) .............................................................. 45
`REGULATIONS
`37 C.F.R. § 42.100(b) ..................................................................................... 9, 10, 11
`37 C.F.R. § 42.104(a) .................................................................................................. 2
`
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`APPENDIX LISTING OF EXHIBITS
`
`1006
`
`1007
`
`Exhibit Description
`1001
`U.S. Patent No. 10,484,510
`1002
`Prosecution History of U.S. Patent No. 10,484,510
`1003
`Declaration of Prof. Dave Levin (“Levin”)
`1004
`Curriculum Vitae of Prof. Dave Levin
`1005
`Patent Owner’s Opening Claim Construction Brief, Luminati Networks
`Ltd. v. Teso LT et al., Case No. 2:19-cv-00395-JRG, D.I. 126 (E.D. Tex.
`Sept. 29, 2020)
`Claim Construction Opinion and Order, Luminati Networks Ltd. v. Teso
`LT et al., Case No. 2:19-cv-00395-JRG, D.I. 191 (E.D. Tex. Dec. 7,
`2020)
`Patent Owner’s Opposition to Motion to Dismiss, Luminati Networks
`Ltd. v. Teso LT et al., Case No. 2:19-cv-00395-JRG, D.I. 28 (E.D. Tex.
`Apr. 7, 2020)
`Patent Owner’s Preliminary Response, Code200 UAB, et al. v. Luminati
`Networks Ltd., IPR2020-01358, Paper 9 (PTAB Nov. 20, 2020)
`Supplemental Claim Construction Order, Bright Data Ltd. v. Teso LT et
`al., Case No. 2:19-cv-00395-JRG, D.I. 453 (E.D. Tex. Aug. 6, 2021)
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0228938 (“Plamondon”)
`Declaration of Sandy Ginoza for IETF
`Ginoza Decl. Exh. 1, RFC 793: Transmission Control Protocol -
`DARPA Internet Program Protocol Specification, Information Sciences
`Institute (September 1981) (“RFC 793”)
`Ginoza Decl. Exh. 2, RFC 1001: Protocol Standard for a NetBIOS
`Service on a TCP/UDP Transport: Concepts and Methods, NetBIOS
`Working Group (March 1987) (“RFC 1001”)
`Ginoza Decl. Exh. 3, RFC 1122: Requirements for Internet Hosts --
`Communication Layers, Internet Engineering Task Force (October
`1989) (“RFC 1122”)
`
`1008
`
`1009
`
`1010
`1011
`1012
`
`1013
`
`1014
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`
`
`1015
`
`1016
`
`1017
`
`1018
`
`1019
`
`1020
`
`1021
`1022
`
`1023
`1024
`1025
`1026
`
`1027
`1028
`1029
`1030
`
`Ginoza Decl. Exh. 4, RFC 1630: Universal Resource Identifiers in
`WWW - A Unifying Syntax for the Expression of Names and Addresses
`of Objects on the Network as used in the World-Wide Web, Network
`Working Group (June 1994) (“RFC 1630”)
`Ginoza Decl. Exh. 5, RFC 1738: Uniform Resource Locators (URL),
`Network Working Group (December 1994) (“RFC 1738”)
`Ginoza Decl. Exh. 6, RFC 2187: Application of Internet Cache Protocol
`(ICP), version 2, National Laboratory for Applied Network
`Research/UCSD (September 1997) (“RFC 2187”)
`Ginoza Decl. Exh. 7, RFC 2616: Hypertext Transfer Protocol --
`HTTP/1.1, The Internet Society (June 1999) (“RFC 2616”)
`Ginoza Decl. Exh. 8, RFC 2960: Stream Control Transmission Protocol,
`The Internet Society (October 2000) (“RFC 2960”)
`Ginoza Decl. Exh. 9, RFC 6520: Transport Layer Security (TLS) and
`Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) Heartbeat Extension,
`Internet Engineering Task Force (February 2012) (“RFC 6520”)
`Declaration of Gordon MacPherson for IEEE
`MacPherson Decl. Exh. A, IEEE 802.11-2007 - IEEE Standard for
`Information Technology - Telecommunications and Information
`Exchange Between Systems – Local and Metropolitan Area Networks -
`Specific Requirements - Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control
`(MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, June 12, 2007 (“IEEE
`802.11-2007”)
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0026304 (“Price”)
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009/0055471 (“Kozat”)
`U.S. Patent No. 10,257,319
`Pages from W. R. Stevens, TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1: The Protocols.
`Canada: Addison-Wesley, 1994, chs. 1 & 18, bibliography (“Stevens”)
`Prosecution History of U.S. Patent No. 10,491,712
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0072178 (“Budzisch”)
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0178217 (“Nguyen”)
`U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005/0125412 (“Glover”)
`
`- vii -
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`
`
`1031
`1032
`1033
`
`1034
`1035
`1036
`1037
`1038
`
`1039
`1040
`1041
`1042
`1043
`1044
`
`1045
`
`1046
`
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0177513 (“Kuokkannen”)
`U.S. Patent No. 7,761,500 (“Eckert”)
`Pages from L.L. Peterson, B.S. Davie, Computer Networks: A Systems
`Approach, 4th ed. San Francisco, CA: Elsevier, 2007, chs. 1-2
`(“Peterson”)
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009/0187654 (“Raja”)
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0169818 (“Stewart”)
`U.S. Patent No. 6,351,775 (“Yu-775”)
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0059371 (“Jamail”)
`P. Mell, T. Bergeron, and D. Henning, “Creating a Patch and
`Vulnerability Management Program,” NIST Special Publication 800-40
`Version 2.0, 2005 (“SP 800-40 Ver. 2”)
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0153473 (“Hutchinson”)
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0236083 (“Fristch”)
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0115613 (“Ramaswami”)
`U.S. Patent No. 8,041,784 (“Amidon”)
`U.S. Patent No. 8,655,838 (“Wright”)
`A. Rowstron and P. Druschel, “Pastry: Scalable, Decentralized Object
`Location, and Routing for Large-Scale Peer-to-Peer Systems.”
`IFIP/ACM International Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms
`and Open Distributed Processing: Middleware 2001, pp. 329-350 (2001)
`(“Rowstron”)
`S. Ratnasamy, M. Handley, R. Karp and S. Shenker, “Topologically-
`aware overlay construction and server selection.” Proceedings Twenty-
`First Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and
`Communications Societies, vol. 3, pp. 1190-1199 (2002) (“Ratnasamy”)
`V. N. Padmanabhan and L. Subramanian, “An Investigation of
`Geographic Mapping Techniques for Internet Hosts.” ACM SIGCOMM
`Computer Communication Review, vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 173–185 (2001)
`(“Padmanabhan”)
`
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`
`
`1047
`
`1048
`
`1049
`1050
`
`1051
`1052
`1053
`1054
`1055
`
`1056
`1057
`
`1058
`
`1059
`
`1060
`
`1061
`
`1062
`1063
`
`M.J. Freedman, K. Lakshminarayanan, and D. Mazières, “OASIS:
`Anycast for Any Service.” Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on
`Networked Systems Design & Implementation, vol. 3, pp. 129-142
`(2006) (“Freedman-2006”)
`S. Agarwal and J.R. Lorch, “Matchmaking for Online Games and Other
`Latency-Sensitive P2P Systems.” ACM SIGCOMM Computer
`Communication Review, vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 315-326 (2009) (“Agarwal”)
`U.S. Patent No. 8,144,611 (“Agarwal-611”)
`H. Casanova, “Benefits and Drawbacks of Redundant Batch Requests.”
`Journal of Grid Computing, vol. 5, pp. 235–250 (2007) (“Casanova”)
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0298328 (“Sharma”)
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009/0204700 (“Sudhakar”)
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0212584 (“Yu”)
`U.S. Patent No. 7,865,585 (“Samuels”)
`S. J. Murdoch, “New Tor distribution for testing: Tor Browser Bundle,”
`January 30, 2008 post to tor-talk mailing list, available at
`https://lists.torproject.org/pipermail/tor-talk/2008-January/007837.html
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009/0222515 (“Thompson”)
`Defendants’ Section 282 Disclosure, Bright Data Ltd. v. Teso LT et al.,
`Case No. 2:19-cv-00395-JRG, D.I. 450 (E.D. Tex. July 16, 2021)
`Docket, Bright Data Ltd. v. NetNut Ltd., Case No. 2:21-cv-00225-JRG
`(E.D. Tex.) (as of Nov. 2, 2021)
`Notice of Filing Invalidity Contentions, Bright Data Ltd. v. Tefincom
`S.A. d/b/a NordVPN, Case No. 2:19-cv-00414-JRG, D.I. 37 (E.D. Tex.
`Mar. 3, 2021)
`Docket, Luminati Networks Ltd. v. BI Science (2009) Ltd., Case No.
`2:19-cv-397-JRG (E.D. Tex.) (as of Nov. 2, 2021)
`Motion for Summary Judgement, Bright Data Ltd. v. Teso LT et al.,
`Case No. 2:19-cv-00395-JRG, D.I. 282 (E.D. Tex. Feb. 8, 2021)
`RESERVED
`Amended Complaint, Bright Data Ltd. v. Tefincom S.A. d/b/a NordVPN,
`Case No. 2:19-cv-00414-JRG, D.I. 22 (E.D. Tex. Nov. 12, 2020)
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`
`
`1064
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`1065
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`1066
`1067
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`1068
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`1069
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`1070
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`1071
`1072
`1073
`1074
`
`1075
`
`1076
`
`1077
`1078
`
`Docket, Bright Data Ltd. v. Teso LT et al., Case No. 2:19-cv-00395-JRG
`(E.D. Tex.) (as of Nov. 2, 2021)
`Docket, Bright Data Ltd. v. Tefincom S.A. d/b/a NordVPN, Case No.
`2:19-cv-00414-JRG (E.D. Tex.) (as of Nov. 2, 2021)
`RESERVED
`Decision Denying Institution of Inter Partes Review of U.S. Patent No.
`10,257,319, Code200, UAB, et al. v. Luminati Networks Ltd., IPR2020-
`01266, Paper 18 (PTAB Dec. 23, 2020)
`Decision Denying Institution of Inter Partes Review of U.S. Patent No.
`10,484,510, Code200 UAB, et al. v. Luminati Networks Ltd., IPR2020-
`01358, Paper 11 (PTAB Dec. 23, 2020)
`Petition for Inter Partes Review of U.S. Patent No. 10,257,319,
`Code200 UAB, et al. v. Luminati Networks Ltd., IPR2020-01266, Paper
`5 (PTAB Jul. 14, 2020)
`Petition for Inter Partes Review of U.S. Patent No. 10,484,510,
`Code200, UAB, et al. v. Luminati Networks Ltd., IPR2020-01358, Paper
`5 (PTAB July 28, 2020)
`Prosecution History of U.S. Patent No. 8,560,604
`Prosecution History of U.S. Patent No. 10,069,936
`Prosecution History of U.S. Patent No. 10,257,319
`Order, Bright Data Ltd. v. Teso LT et al., Case No. 2:19-cv-00395-JRG,
`D.I. 493 (E.D. Tex. Sept. 21, 2021)
`Plaintiff’s Motion for Partial Summary Judgment on Certain Invalidity
`Grounds, Bright Data Ltd. v. Tefincom S.A. D/B/A NordVPN, Case No.
`2:19-cv-00414-JRG, D.I. 97 (E.D. Tex. Sept. 27, 2021)
`Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment of Invalidity of the ’319,
`’510, and ’511 Patents, Bright Data Ltd. v. Tefincom S.A. D/B/A
`NordVPN, Case No. 2:19-cv-00414-JRG, D.I. 99 (E.D. Tex. Sept. 29,
`2021)
`RESERVED
`Declaration of Adam R. Wichman
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`
`
`1079
`
`1080
`
`
`
`Revised Joint Pretrial Order, Bright Data Ltd. v. Teso LT et al., Case No.
`2:19-cv-00395-JRG, D.I. 490 (E.D. Tex. Sept. 17, 2021)
`Comparison between current Petition and petition in IPR2022-00138
`(TDC IPR petition)
`
`
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`- xi -
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`
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`MANDATORY NOTICES
`
` Real Party-In-Interest – § 42.8(b)(1)
`
`Petitioners (“Petitioner”) are the Real Parties-in-Interest.
`
` Related Matters – § 42.8(b)(2)
`
`A decision in this proceeding could affect or be affected by the following:
`
`1.
`
`United States Patent & Trademark Office
`
`U.S. Patent No. 10,484,510 (“the ’510 patent”) is a continuation of U.S.
`
`Patent No. 10,257,319, which is a continuation of U.S. Patent No. 10,069,936,
`
`which is a division of U.S. Patent No. 8,560,604, which claims priority to U.S.
`
`Provisional Application No. 61/249,624.
`
`The following claim the benefit of the filing date of the ’510 patent: U.S.
`
`Patent No. 11,044,342; U.S. Patent Application No. 17/332,077.
`
`Reexamination No. 90/014,876 is a reexamination of the ’510 patent.
`
`2.
`
`United States Patent Trial and Appeal Board
`
`The ’510 patent was at issue in Code200, UAB et al. v. Luminati Networks
`
`Ltd. f/k/a Hola Networks Ltd., Case No. IPR2020-01358 (“Code200 IPR”).1
`
`The ’510 patent is also at issue in NetNut Ltd. v. Bright Data Ltd., Case No.
`
`IPR2021-01493 (“NetNut IPR”). NetNut filed its petition on September 3, 2021,
`
`using the same art and patentability arguments that were presented in the Code200
`
`
`1 Luminati Networks Ltd. is now Bright Data Ltd. (“Patent Owner” or “PO”).
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`IPR petition (which the Board denied on discretionary grounds). The NetNut IPR
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`was instituted on March 21, 2022. On April 18, 2022, Petitioner filed Case No.
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`IPR2022-00862, which is substantially identical to the NetNut IPR, as well as a
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`Motion for Joinder. On April 21, 2022, Major Data UAB filed Case No. IPR2022-
`
`00916, which is also substantially identical to the NetNut IPR, as well as a Motion
`
`for Joinder. The Motions for Joinder in Case Nos. IPR2022-00862 and IPR2022-
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`00916 are currently pending.
`
`3.
`
`U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas
`
`The ’510 patent is or has been at issue in the following cases, collectively
`
`referred to herein as “the EDTX cases”:
`
` Bright Data Ltd. v. NetNut Ltd., Civil Action No. 2:21-cv-00225-JRG
`(“the 225 case”);
` Bright Data Ltd. v. Tefincom SA d/b/a NordVPN, Civil Action No.
`2:19-cv-00414-JRG (“the 414 case”);
` Luminati Networks Ltd. v. BI Science (2009) Ltd., Civil Action No.
`2:19-cv-397-JRG (“the 397 case”)2; and
` Bright Data Ltd. v. Teso LT, UAB a/k/a UAB Teso LT et al., Civil
`Action No. 2:19-cv-00395-JRG (“the 395 case”).
`
`
`2 The 397 case was dismissed before Luminati Networks Ltd. changed its name to
`
`Bright Data Ltd.
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` Counsel and Service Information – §§ 42.8(b)(3) and (b)(4)
`
`Lead Counsel
`Backup Counsel
`
`Service
`Information
`
`George “Jorde” Scott, Reg. No. 62,859
`John Heuton, Reg. No. 62,467
`Craig Tolliver, Reg. No. 45,975
`E-mail: jscott@ccrglaw
`
`jheuton@ccrglaw.com
`
`ctolliver@ccrglaw
`
`Post and hand
`Charhon Callahan Robson & Garza
`delivery:
`
`3333 Lee Parkway, Suite 460
`
`
`
`Dallas, Texas 75219
`Telephone: (214) 521-6400
`Facsimile: (214) 764-8392
`
` power of attorney is submitted with the petition. Counsel for Petitioner
`
` A
`
`consents to service of all documents via electronic mail.
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`Petitioner requests inter partes review of claims 1-12 and 15-24 of the
`
`’510 patent (Ex. 1001).
`
`I.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`The ’510 patent describes methods that purportedly provide “faster and more
`
`efficient” network communication. The claimed methods, however, are overbroad
`
`and read directly on the prior art. For example, independent claim 1 covers basic
`
`proxy server functionality in which a device requests content from a web server
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`through an intermediary device. This functionality was conventional long before
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`the ’510 patent, and is described in Plamondon (Ex. 1010), the primary prior art
`
`reference applied herein.
`
`Patent Owner (“PO”) has asserted the ’510 patent in litigations against third
`
`parties in the Eastern District of Texas (“the EDTX cases”).3 There, PO defended
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`the patentability of claim 1 on the ground that the configuration of three devices
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`recited in the claim is purportedly novel. Claim 1 recites a device requesting
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`content (which it calls a “server”), an intermediary device or proxy (which it calls a
`
`“client device”), and a device storing the content (which it calls a “web server”).
`
`PO calls this a “server-client device-web server architecture.” This is exactly what
`
`Plamondon discloses.
`
`
`3 Petitioners Teso LT, UAB, Oxysales, UAB, and Metacluster LT, UAB are parties
`to the 395 case involving the ’510 patent.
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`

`
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`The ’510 patent dependent claims recite implementation details and related
`
`features that Plamondon and other publications described long before the ’510
`
`patent. Indeed, in several cases the dependent claims cover networking methods
`
`described in foundational protocols and comments that define the Internet. All
`
`challenged claims are unpatentable.
`
`This Petition is being submitted concurrently with a motion for joinder.
`
`Specifically, Petitioner requests institution and joinder with The Data Company
`
`Technologies Inc. v. Bright Data Ltd., IPR2022-00138 (“the TDC IPR”), which the
`
`Board instituted on May 11, 2022. This Petition is substantially identical to the
`
`petition in the TDC IPR and contains the same grounds (based on the same prior
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`art and supporting evidence) against the same claims, and differs only as necessary
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`to reflect the fact that it is filed by a different petitioner. See Ex. 1080 (illustrating
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`minimal changes between the instant Petition and the petition in IPR2022-00138).
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`II. CERTIFICATION OF STANDING
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`The ’510 patent is available for IPR and Petitioner is not barred or estopped
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`from requesting IPR of its claims. 37 C.F.R. § 42.104(a). The one-year bar date of
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`35 U.S.C. § 315(b) does not apply to an IPR petition if it is accompanied by a
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`timely joinder motion. 35 U.S.C. § 315(b).
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`III. UNPATENTABILITY GROUNDS
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`Petitioner requests cancellation of claims 1-12 and 15-24 as follows:
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`
`
`Ground Reference(s)
`1
`Plamondon
`2
`Plamondon
`3
`Plamondon, RFC 2616
`4
`Plamondon, RFC 1122
`5
`Plamondon, IEEE 802.11-2007
`6
`Plamondon, Price
`7
`Plamondon, Kozat
`
`
`Claim(s)
`1, 10, 12, 15-23
`24
`8, 11
`8-9
`2
`2-5
`6-7
`
`Basis
`§ 102
`
`§ 103
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`IV. OVERVIEW
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` Alleged Invention
`
`The ’510 patent “relate[s] to…improving data communication speed and
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`bandwidth efficiency on the Internet.” 1:26-28.4 In particular, the patent describes
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`an “acceleration server” that directs requests from clients to “agents” (i.e., proxies),
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`that in turn issue requests to web servers. 13:19-15:42, Fig. 3.
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`
`
`
`4 Unless otherwise noted, citations in this section are to the ’510 patent (Ex. 1001).
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`Throughout the petition emphasis is added unless otherwise indicated.
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`Figure 3 shows a communication network practicing the alleged invention,
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`including “client 102…capable of communication with one or more peers 112,
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`114, 116 and one or more agents 122,” a “Web server 152…from which the
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`client…is requesting information,” and an “acceleration server 162.” 4:56-5:12.
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`Levin Decl. (Ex. 1003, “Levin”) ¶¶ 82-83.
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`When a client seeks “a resource on a network” (e.g., a webpage) hosted by a
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`web server, it sends the web server’s IP address to an acceleration server “to obtain
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`a list of communication devices that the client…can use as agents.” 12:62-13:15.
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`If an agent locates peer(s) having the content, the agent directs the client to the
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`peer(s); otherwise, the agent acts a proxy and itself obtains the content from the
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`web server for the client. 13:50-61, 14:62-15:11. The patent admits that proxy
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`devices were known in the prior art. Fig. 1, 2:11-26, 2:43-61; Levin ¶¶ 84-85.
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` Challenged Claims
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`The ’510 patent has 24 claims. Claim 1 is independent. The claim wording
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`varies from the wording in the figures and the rest of the specification. For its
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`district court claim construction brief, PO created an annotated figure, reproduced
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`below, mapping claim 1 to Figure 3. Ex. 1005, 4. PO’s color textual annotations
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`reflect the wording in claim 1.
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`
`
`’510 Patent, Fig. 3 (with PO’s color annotations)
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`
`
` The claimed “second server” is the specification’s “client 102.”
` The claimed “client device” is the specification’s “agent 122.”
` The claimed “web server” is the specification’s “web server 152.”
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`PO argued that this annotated Figure 3 depicts a system practicing method claim 1.
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`Ex. 1005, 4; Ex. 1007, 14. The arrows purportedly indicate the claimed method
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`steps.5
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`
`5 Claim 1 of the ’510 patent includes steps A and C-E. Step B appears in
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`dependent claim 15. According to PO, step B is also embedded within step E of
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`claim 1. Ex. 1005, 5; Ex. 1006, 20 n.12.
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`Table 1 below associates steps A and C-E in PO’s annotated Figure 3 with
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`the corresponding elements in claim 1 (adding PO’s coloring). Ex. 1005, 4-5.
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`Table 1: Challenged claim 1
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`1P
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`1. A method for use with a web server that responds to Hypertext Transfer
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`Protocol (HTTP) requests and stores a first content identified by a first
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`content identifier, the method by a first client device comprising:
`
`1A
`
`establishing a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connection with a
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`second server;
`
`1C
`
`1D
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`sending, to the web server over an Internet, the first content identifier;
`
`receiving, the first content from the web server over the Internet in
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`response to the sending of the first content identifier; and
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`1E
`
`sending the received first content, to the second server over the
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`established TCP connection, [1B] in response to the receiving of the first
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`content identifier.
`
`
`PO admits the claims describe how “a client device serves as a proxy
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`between the server and web server.” Ex. 1005, 2. As noted above, such proxies
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`were well-known in the prior art. Levin ¶¶ 61-64, 101-103, 202, 208-209.
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`Dependent claims add other well-known, conventional networking features.
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`For example, claim 17 requires “storing” (e.g., caching) content by the first client
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`device; claim 8 requires “periodically communicating between the second server
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`and the first client device”; claims 7, 15, and 18-21 recite basic Internet
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`techniques like TCP/IP protocol, URLs, and web browsers; and claim 24 recites a
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`generic “non-transitory computer readable medium containing computer
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`instructions” for performing claim 1’s method.
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` Level of Ordinary Skill in the Art
`
`PO has argued that a person of ordinary skill in the art (“POSA”) for the
`
`’510 patent is “an individual who, as of October 8, 2009…had a Master’s Degree
`
`or higher in the field of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, or
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`Computer Science or as of that time had a Bachelor’s Degree in the same fields
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`and two or more years of experience in Internet Communications.” Ex. 1008, 19.
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`For purposes of this IPR, Petitioner adopts PO’s proposal for the level of ordinary
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`skill in the art. Levin ¶¶ 30-37.
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`
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`Prosecution History
`
`Filed in 2019, the ’510 patent claims priority, through several applications,
`
`to a provisional filed October 8, 2009. The examination involved a single office
`
`action with no substantive discussion.
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`During prosecution, the Examiner rejected all claims for obviousness-type
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`double patenting over claims 1-29 of the ’319 patent (the ’510 patent’s parent) and
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`claims 2-24 in then-pending Application Serial No. 16/278,106, which issued as
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`U.S. Patent 10,491,712. Ex. 1002, 426-429. In response, the applicants filed a
`
`terminal disclaimer. Id., 495-497. The Examiner subsequently allowed the claims
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`without meaningful explanation. Id., 519-520.
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`V. CLAIM INTERPRETATION
`
`The court in the EDTX cases construed several ’510 patent claim terms.
`
`Exs. 1006, 1009. Those constructions are relevant here. 37 C.F.R. § 42.100(b).
`
`
`
`PO’s Litigation Argument Regarding “Client Device”
`
`PO argued that the ’510 patent contributed to the art by implementing proxy
`
`server functionality in a “client device,” which PO argued should be construed as a
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`“consumer computer,” excluding a “server.” Ex. 1005, 10-13.
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` District Court Constructions
`
`The district court rejected PO’s argument because the specification does not
`
`limit “client device” to “consumer computer” and excluding servers is “not
`
`supported by the specification.” Instead, the district court construed “client
`
`device” as a “communication device that is operating in the role of a client,” and
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`confirmed that a device meeting this construction still qualifies as a “client device”
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`if it also acts as a server. Ex. 1006, 10-12. The district court clarified that “server”
`
`means “a device that is operating in the role of a server.” Ex. 1009, 8-11.6
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`For purposes of this IPR, Petitioner adopts the EDTX claim constructions,
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`listed below. The prior art also renders the claims unpatentable under PO’s
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`proposed constructions.
`
`Term
`“client device”
`
`EDTX Construction
`“communication device that is operating in
`the role of a client”
`plain and ordinary meaning
`“first server”
`“second server” “a device that is operating in the role of a
`server and that is not the first client device”
`The court confirmed the parties’ stipulation
`that the claim 1 preamble is limiting.
`
`preamble
`
`Cite
`Ex. 1006, 12
`
`Ex. 1006, 13
`Ex. 1009, 8-11
`
`Ex. 1006, 9
`
`
`Consis