(12) United States Patent
`Bianco et al.
`
`I 1111111111111111 11111 111111111111111 111111111111111 111111111111111 11111111
`US006256737Bl
`US 6,256,737 Bl
`Jul. 3, 2001
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`(54) SYSTEM, METHOD AND COMPUTER
`PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR ALLOWING
`ACCESS TO ENTERPRISE RESOURCES
`USING BIOMETRIC DEVICES
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors: Peter Garrett Bianco, Potomac, MD
`(US); William Taylor Boon, Bristow,
`VA (US); Robert Brewster Sterling,
`Kensington, MD (US); Karl Roger
`Ware, Washington, DC (US)
`
`(73) Assignee: BioNetrix Systems Corporation,
`Vienna, VA (US)
`
`( *) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 09/264,726
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Mar. 9, 1999
`
`Int. Cl.7 ...................................................... G06F 12/14
`(51)
`(52) U.S. Cl. ............................................. 713/186; 713/200
`(58) Field of Search ..................................... 713/200, 201,
`713/161, 186, 202; 380/3, 4, 25; 709/229;
`340/825.31, 825.34
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
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`
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`.. ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... 382/2
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`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`WO 97/04394
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`
`2/1997 (WO) ............................. G06F/12/14
`2/1998 (WO) .............................. G06K/9/00
`4/1998 (WO) .
`10/1998 (WO) .............................. H04L/9/00
`11/1998 (WO) .
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`05722.
`Avolio, F.M., "Identity confirmed," Network World, Aug. 24,
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`"Beyond Speech Recognition," Fortune, Nov. 23, 1998,
`p264(1). (Computer Select printout, 2 pages).
`
`(List continued on next page.)
`
`Primary Examiner-James P. Trammell
`Assistant Examiner-Pierre E. Elisca
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein
`& Fox P.L.L.C.
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`A system, method and computer program product that
`utilizes biometric measurements for the authentication of
`users to enterprise resources. The system includes a biomet(cid:173)
`ric server that stores the engine and collections of data
`required by the system to authenticate users. In the present
`invention, it is the biometric policies that determine the way
`or method in which a user is to be authenticated by the
`system. The execution of the biometric policies involves the
`use of one or more biometric templates. Biometric devices
`utilize a scientific technique to identify a user based on
`compared measurements of unique personal characteristics.
`These measurements, called biometric measurements, may
`include, but are not limited to, measurements of finger and
`hand geometry, retina and facial images, weight, DNA data,
`breath, voice, typing stroke and signature. The biometric
`policies of the present invention provide flexibility to the
`level of protection for individual enterprise resources. In an
`embodiment of the present invention, a method of storing
`both biometric templates and digital certificates in a hierar(cid:173)
`chical structure allows for the ease of access to biometric
`templates and digital certificates. In another embodiment of
`the present invention, the system of the present invention is
`implemented as a roaming profile server in a certificate
`authority system.
`
`105 Claims, 48 Drawing Sheets
`
`104
`
`BIOMETRIC
`SERVER
`
`ASSA ABLOY Ex. 1003 - Page 1
`ASSA ABLOY AB v. CPC Patent Technologies Pty Ltd.
`IPR2022-01006 - U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`

`

`US 6,256,737 Bl
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`5,018,096
`5,055,658
`5,056,147
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`5,191,611
`5,195,133
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`5,229,764
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`5,442,645
`5,455,407
`5,456,256
`5,457,747
`5,465,290
`5,469,506
`5,473,144
`5,481,720
`5,502,759
`5,509,083
`5,513,250
`5,513,272
`5,534,855
`5,566,327
`5,577,120
`5,578,808
`5,581,630
`5,586,171
`5,594,806
`5,608,387
`5,613,012
`5,615,277 *
`5,623,552
`5,635,012
`5,636,282
`5,636,292
`5,642,160
`5,646,839
`5,647,017
`5,655,013
`5,657,389
`5,659,616
`5,664,170
`5,668,874
`5,677,851
`5,686,765
`5,712,912 *
`5,712,914
`5,719,950
`5,751,260
`5,761,329
`
`5/1991
`10/1991
`10/1991
`11/1991
`5/1992
`7/1992
`11/1992
`11/1992
`1/1993
`3/1993
`3/1993
`7/1993
`7/1993
`9/1993
`11/1993
`12/1993
`1/1994
`3/1994
`6/1994
`8/1994
`8/1994
`1/1995
`5/1995
`5/1995
`5/1995
`7/1995
`7/1995
`8/1995
`10/1995
`10/1995
`10/1995
`11/1995
`11/1995
`12/1995
`1/1996
`3/1996
`4/1996
`4/1996
`4/1996
`7/1996
`10/1996
`11/1996
`11/1996
`12/1996
`12/1996
`1/1997
`3/1997
`3/1997
`3/1997
`4/1997
`6/1997
`6/1997
`6/1997
`6/1997
`7/1997
`7/1997
`8/1997
`8/1997
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`2/1998
`5/1998
`6/1998
`
`Aoyama ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... .... .. 364/900
`Cockburn ............................. 235/382
`Turner et al. .. ... ... ... ... .... ... ... .. 382/14
`Lang .. ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... . 380/25
`Fan et al. ................................. 382/3
`.. ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .. 380/23
`Puhl et al.
`Prokoski et al. .. ... ... .... ... ... ... ... . 382/2
`Herbault ............................... 395/725
`Hujink ................................... 400/61
`Lang .. ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... . 380/25
`Kapp et al. . ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... . 380/9
`Villa ......................................... 382/4
`Matchett et al. ................ 340/825.34
`Gokcebay ....................... 340/825.31
`Monroe et al. ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .. 380/23
`Monroe et al. ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .. 380/23
`Gullman et al. .. ... ... .... ... ... ... .. 380/23
`Daugman . ... .... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... 382/2
`Costello ................................... 382/4
`Gokcebay ....................... 340/825.31
`Schwalm et al. . ... ... ... .... ... ... .. 380/23
`Sime .................................... 235/379
`Drexler et al. . ... ... ... ... .... ... ... .. 380/24
`Brunelli et al. ... ... ... .... ... ... ... 382/115
`Bahler et al. .......................... 379/67
`.. ... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... 382/118
`Lu et al.
`Ray et al.
`.............................. 380/23
`Ugon et al. ......................... 371/25.1
`Rosen ................................... 235/380
`Schneider et al. .............. 128/660.09
`Drexler et al. . ... ... ... ... .... ... ... .. 380/24
`Hampton et al. ...................... 379/67
`. ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .. 380/23
`Berson et al.
`Mathurin, Jr ........................ 235/380
`Loucks et al. ....................... 395/700
`Cheng et al.
`.......................... 379/88
`Abtahi et al. ........................ 382/124
`McAllister ............................. 379/91
`Bogosian, Jr ........................ 382/116
`Shockley et al. ................. 340/825.3
`Sehr ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... .... .. 395 /600
`Penzias . ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... . 380/23
`Taylor .................................. 235/380
`Bonneau, Jr. ........................ 382/116
`McAllister et al.
`................... 379/67
`Colbert ................................. 382/115
`Davies ............................ 340/825.34
`Hoffman et al. ..................... 382/115
`Hoffman ......................... 340/825.34
`Lane ..................................... 382/124
`Belluci et al. ....................... 156/277
`Holmquist et al. .. ... .... ... ... ... .. 380/25
`Rhoads .. ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... .... .. 382/232
`Bennett ................................ 348/156
`Katz .................................. 379/93.01
`Smithies et al. ..................... 382/119
`Gainsboro ............................ 379/188
`Houvener . ... .... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... . 380/23
`Sudia . ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... . 380/23
`Taylor ............................... 395/200.5
`Kristo! et al. .......................... 380/23
`Kingdon et al. ................. 364/514 C
`Washington
`.... ... ... ... ... ... ..... 307 /10.5
`. ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .. 380/23
`Tomko et al.
`... ... .... ... ... ... .. 380/30
`Aucsmith et al.
`Osten et al.
`......................... 382/115
`Nappi et al. ............................. 345/8
`Chen et al.
`.......................... 382/116
`
`5,764,789
`5,781,724
`5,790,674
`5,802,199
`5,805,719
`5,812,067
`5,815,252
`5,815,598
`5,821,871
`5,825,005
`5,838,306
`5,838,812
`5,844,497
`5,872,834
`5,881,226
`5,887,140
`5,892,838
`5,987,232
`5,995,014
`
`6/1998
`7/1998
`8/1998
`9/1998
`9/1998
`9/1998
`9/1998
`9/1998
`10/1998
`10/1998
`11/1998
`11/1998
`12/1998
`2/1999
`3/1999
`3/1999
`4/1999
`* 11/1999
`* 11/1999
`
`.... ... ... ... ... ... .. 382/115
`Pare, Jr. et al.
`..................... 395/186
`Nevarez et al.
`Houvener et al. .... ... ... ... ... ... .. 380/23
`.... ... ... ... ... ... .. 382/115
`Pare, Jr. et al.
`.... ... ... ... ... ... .. 382/115
`Pare, Jr. et al.
`Bergholz et al. ............... 340/825.31
`Price-Francis ......................... 356/71
`Hara et al. ........................... 382/211
`Benzler ........................... 340/825.34
`Behnke ................................ 235/380
`O'Connor et al. ................... 345/163
`.... ... ... ... ... ... .. 382/115
`Pare, Jr. et al.
`Gray ................................ 340/825.34
`Teitelbaum ........................ 379/93.03
`Veneklase ....................... 395/188.01
`Itsumi et al. .................... 395/200.55
`Brady . .... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .. 382/115
`Tabuki ................................. 713/201
`DiMaria .......................... 340/825.31
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`"The Biometric Software Security Suite TM," 2 pages, from
`www.truetouch.com.
`Blake, P., "Invisible Protection," Computerworld, Nov. 18,
`1996, vol. 30, No. 47, pT6(4). (Computer Select printout, 1
`page).
`"Body Language," Computer Letter, Nov. 30, 1998, pl(l).
`(Computer Select printout, 5 pages).
`Carter, J. and Nixon, M., "An Integrated Biometrics Data(cid:173)
`base," pp. 8/1 -8/5.
`Declerq, F., "Voice security compares features," Electronic
`Engineering Times, Mar. 15, 1999, p58(1). (Computer Select
`printout, 2 pages).
`"Diebold ATMs First to Recognize Faces and Voices,"
`ComputerWire Printout, Section: Today's News, No. 3303,
`Dec. 3, 1997, 1 page.
`Duksta, J.C.C., "We know who you are," Network World,
`Aug. 24, 1988,pp. 35-36 & 38-41.
`"Embedded Solution," 1 page, from www.keyware.com.
`"Forget passwords," 2 pages, from www.forbes.com.
`Halpin, J., "Bio-identity," Computer Shopper, Mar. 1999,
`vol. 19, No. 3, p390(1). (Computer Select printout, 4 pages).
`Karney, J., "Citadel Gatekeeper," PC Magazine, Feb. 23,
`1999, pl 74(1). (Computer Select printout, 2 pages).
`Karney, J., "Saflink SAF/nt2.0," PC Magazine, Feb. 23,
`1999, pl 72(1). (Computer Select printout, 2 pages).
`Karney, J., "TrueFace Network," PC Magazine, Feb. 23,
`1999, pl 78(1). (Computer Select printout, 2 pages).
`Phillips, K., "Moving to Biometric Standards," PC Week,
`Oct. 27, 1997, pp. 122 & 124.
`Press Release, "Keyware Technologies Acquires Idtech,"
`Mar. 24, 1999, 2 pages, from www.keyware.com.
`"SAF/nt: Don't Worry, Be HA-API," Network World, Aug.
`24, 1998, vol. 15, No. 34, p35(1). (Computer Select printout,
`2 pages).
`Schwartau, W., "Securing the Enterprise," Network World,
`Jan. 27, 1997,pp. 42-44 & 46.
`"STMicro chips will include biometrics," Electronic Engi(cid:173)
`neering Times, Jul. 6, 1998, No. 1015, p34(1). (Computer
`Select printout, 1 page).
`"TrueTouch's Biometric Software Security Suite™," 1
`page, from www.truetouch.com.
`"VoiceGuardian®," 3 pages, from www.keyware.com.
`* cited by examiner
`
`ASSA ABLOY Ex. 1003 - Page 2
`ASSA ABLOY AB v. CPC Patent Technologies Pty Ltd.
`IPR2022-01006 - U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 3, 2001
`
`Sheet 1 of 48
`
`US 6,256,737 Bl
`
`C
`0 .....,
`('Cl
`Q)
`.....,
`....., (J)
`-
`-+-'
`Ql C
`-+-' Q)
`ro E
`(J) -
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`(I)
`2:
`(I)
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`(.) ·c
`.._,
`(I)
`E
`0
`OJ
`
`ASSA ABLOY Ex. 1003 - Page 3
`ASSA ABLOY AB v. CPC Patent Technologies Pty Ltd.
`IPR2022-01006 - U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`

`

`202
`~
`
`204
`;ti
`
`206
`;ti
`
`A r r
`pp ,ca 10n
`
`I Application I
`
`I t rf
`n e ace
`
`208
`;ti
`I User I
`
`Computer
`
`104
`;ti
`\ Biometric I
`
`Server
`
`106
`11(
`
`108
`
`\ Enrollment I
`
`Station
`
`I Administration
`Station
`
`I
`
`1
`
`~
`114
`
`Remote/Web ~ Web Server I Web Server
`Computer r
`-
`I
`Interface
`
`~
`210
`
`~ \J\
`214
`212
`FIG.2
`
`Secondary
`Biometric
`Server
`
`~
`110
`
`Satellite
`Enrollment
`Station
`
`~
`112
`
`d •
`r:JJ.
`•
`~
`~ ......
`~ = ......
`
`~
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`(It
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`~
`-...,l
`~
`i,-
`
`ASSA ABLOY Ex. 1003 - Page 4
`ASSA ABLOY AB v. CPC Patent Technologies Pty Ltd.
`IPR2022-01006 - U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 3, 2001
`
`Sheet 3 of 48
`
`US 6,256,737 Bl
`
`COMPUTER
`302
`
`,I
`
`PROCESSOR
`
`304
`
`MAIN MEMORY
`CONTROL LOGIC
`
`DATA
`
`308
`310
`
`312
`
`306
`
`BUS
`
`SECONDARY STORAGE
`
`HARD DRIVE
`
`REMOVABLE
`STORAGE DRIVE
`
`- - -~ INPUT DEVICES
`
`314
`
`316
`
`320
`
`REMOVABLE
`STORAGE UNIT
`
`FIG.3
`
`DISPLAY
`
`324
`
`ASSA ABLOY Ex. 1003 - Page 5
`ASSA ABLOY AB v. CPC Patent Technologies Pty Ltd.
`IPR2022-01006 - U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 3, 2001
`
`Sheet 4 of 48
`
`US 6,256,737 Bl
`
`CLIENT
`SWITCHBOARD
`--. --- _402
`OBJECT
`LISTEN
`OBJECT
`
`404
`
`SERVER
`
`CLIENT
`SWITCHBOARD
`OBJECT
`LISTEN
`OBJECT
`
`CLIENT
`SWITCHBOARD
`OBJECT
`LISTEN
`OBJECT
`
`CLIENT
`SWITCHBOARD
`OBJECT
`LISTEN
`OBJECT
`
`FIG. 4A
`
`SERVER
`
`INIT
`OBJECT _ - _-406
`
`FIG. 48
`
`408 ~--.---S_ER_VE_R_,
`COMM
`INIT
`OBJECT ~ ~406
`OBJECT
`
`402
`
`404
`
`402
`
`404
`
`FIG. 4C
`
`SERVER
`
`INIT
`OBJECT
`
`COMM
`OBJECT
`
`406
`
`408
`FIG. 40
`
`CLIENT
`SERVER
`SWITCHBOARD COMM .__----i COMM
`.....__OBJ_E_C_T_OB_JE_C___,T
`OBJECT
`LISTEN
`404
`OBJECT
`COMM
`OBJECT
`
`402
`
`410
`
`INIT
`OBJECT
`
`406
`
`f RELOCATES
`I
`_,/
`FIG. 4E
`
`408
`
`ASSA ABLOY Ex. 1003 - Page 6
`ASSA ABLOY AB v. CPC Patent Technologies Pty Ltd.
`IPR2022-01006 - U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 3, 2001
`
`Sheet 5 of 48
`
`US 6,256,737 Bl
`
`CLIENT
`SWITCHBOARD COMM
`OBJECT
`OBJECT
`LISTEN
`OBJECT
`
`410
`
`SERVER
`COMM
`OBJECT
`
`INIT
`OBJECT
`
`FIG.4F
`
`408
`
`402
`
`404
`
`402
`
`406
`
`406
`
`CLIENT
`SWITCHBOARD COMM
`OBJECT
`OBJECT
`LISTEN
`OBJECT
`
`CREATES
`
`410
`
`SERVER
`COMM
`OBJECT
`
`INIT
`OBJECT
`
`408
`
`RECEIVER
`OBJECT
`
`404 FIG. 4G
`412
`
`402
`
`CLIENT
`SWITCHBOARD COMM
`OBJECT
`OBJECT
`LISTEN
`OBJECT
`
`412
`
`RECEIVER COMM
`OBJECT OBJECT
`
`410
`
`SERVER
`COMM
`OBJECT
`
`INIT
`OBJECT
`
`406
`
`408
`FIG. 4H
`
`402
`
`CLIENT
`SWITCHBOARD
`OBJECT
`LISTEN
`OBJECT
`
`404
`
`412
`
`REGENER COMM
`OBJECT OBJECT
`
`410
`
`SERVER
`COMM
`OBJECT
`
`INIT
`OBJECT
`
`406
`
`408
`FIG. 41
`
`ASSA ABLOY Ex. 1003 - Page 7
`ASSA ABLOY AB v. CPC Patent Technologies Pty Ltd.
`IPR2022-01006 - U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 3, 2001
`
`Sheet 6 of 48
`
`US 6,256,737 Bl
`
`BIOMETRIC
`TEMPLATES
`
`BIOMETRIC
`POLICIES
`
`BIOMETRIC
`GROUPS
`
`BIOMETRIC L------J
`508
`DEVICE IDs
`
`BIOMETRIC
`SERVER
`
`USER
`IDs
`
`COMPUTER
`IDs
`
`APPLICATION
`IDs
`
`FIG.5
`
`104
`
`ASSA ABLOY Ex. 1003 - Page 8
`ASSA ABLOY AB v. CPC Patent Technologies Pty Ltd.
`IPR2022-01006 - U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 3, 2001
`
`Sheet 7 of 48
`
`US 6,256,737 Bl
`
`ASSIGN A UNIQUE COMPUTER ID TO EACH COMPUTER
`
`ASSIGN A UNIQUE APPLICATION ID TO EACH APPLICATION
`
`ASSIGN A UNIQUE BIOMETRIC DEVICE ID TO EACH BIOMETRIC DEVICE
`
`DETERMINE WHICH BIOMETRIC DEVICES WILL BE ATTACHED TO EACH COMPUTER
`
`DEFINE BIOMETRIC GROUPS
`
`DEFINE BIOMETRIC POLICIES, INCLUDING EACH POLJCy'S UST OF DEVICES
`
`ASSIGN A BIOMETRIC POLICY TO EACH BIOMETRIC GROUP
`
`ASSIGN A BIOMETRIC POLICY TO EACH APPLICATION ID
`
`ASSIGN A UNIQUE USER ID FOR EACH NEW USER
`
`PUT EACH NEW USER INTO A BIOMETRIC GROUP
`
`DETERMINE THE lYPES OF DEVICES THAT THE USER NEEDS TO BE ENROLLED
`IN BY LOOKING AT THE BIOMETRIC POLICY ASSIGNED TO THE USER'S
`BIOMETRIC GROUP
`
`CREATING A BIOMETRIC TEMPLATE FOR EACH DETERMINED DEVICE BY ENROWNG
`THE USER IN EACH DEVICE
`
`STORING THE COMPUTER IDs, BIOMETRIC DEVICE IDs, BIOMETRIC GROUPS,
`BIOMETRIC POLICIES, USER IDs AND BIOMETRIC TEMPI.ATES IN THE
`BIOMETRIC SERVER
`FIG.6
`
`602
`
`603
`
`604
`
`606
`
`608
`
`610
`
`612
`
`613
`
`614
`
`616
`
`618
`
`620
`
`622
`
`ASSA ABLOY Ex. 1003 - Page 9
`ASSA ABLOY AB v. CPC Patent Technologies Pty Ltd.
`IPR2022-01006 - U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`

`

`208
`
`104
`}
`
`704
`
`I
`
`LOGIN REQUEST
`
`AUTHENTICATION
`INTERFACE
`
`720
`
`AUTHENTICATION
`OBJECT
`(RECEIVER OBJECT}
`
`COMM
`OBJECT
`
`718
`
`BIOMETRIC DEVICE I 722
`
`OBJECT
`
`_r
`
`706
`
`716
`
`_ '- AUTHENTICATION
`INTERFACE
`
`COMM
`OBJECT
`POLICY
`OBJECT
`r
`712
`
`710
`
`AUTHENTICATION
`OBJECT
`(INIT OBJECT)
`
`DATABASE
`OBJECT
`
`I
`
`I
`
`708
`
`I I
`I
`
`I
`
`FIG. 7
`
`d •
`r:JJ.
`•
`~
`~ ......
`~ = ......
`
`~
`
`~
`
`~
`
`~
`N
`0
`0
`'"""'
`
`'JJ.
`
`=-~
`~ ....
`00
`....,
`0
`,i;;..
`00
`
`e
`rJ'J.
`O'I
`'N
`(It
`O'I
`~
`~
`-...,l
`~
`i,-
`
`ASSA ABLOY Ex. 1003 - Page 10
`ASSA ABLOY AB v. CPC Patent Technologies Pty Ltd.
`IPR2022-01006 - U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 3, 2001
`
`Sheet 9 of 48
`
`US 6,256,737 Bl
`
`USER lYPES IN A USER ID AT A COMPUTER
`
`A LOGIN REQUEST, ALONG WITH THE USER ID
`AND A COMPUTER ID, GETS SENT TO THE BIOMETRIC SERVER
`
`BASED ON THE REQUEST, AUTHENTICATION OBJECT IN THE BIOMETRIC
`SERVER IS INITIALIZED
`
`AUTHENTICATION OBJECT IN THE BIOMETRIC SERVER CREATES A
`DATABASE OBJECT AND PASSES THE USER ID TO IT
`
`DATABASE OBJECT, BASED ON THE USER ID, DETERMINES THE
`BIOMETRIC GROUP THE USER IS IN AND DETERMINES THE BIOMETRIC
`POLICY ASSIGNED TO THE USER'S BIOMETRIC GROUP
`
`802
`
`804
`
`806
`
`808
`
`810
`
`ARE THE REQUIRED
`BIOMETRIC TEMPLATES
`STORED FOR THE USER AND
`DOES THE COMPUTER HAVE
`THE REQUIRED BIOMETRIC
`DEVICES ATTACHED
`TO IT TO EXECUTE(cid:173)
`THE POLICY?
`
`NO
`
`836
`
`YES
`
`CONTINUED ON
`FIG.BA-1
`
`INDICATE TO THE COMPUTER
`THAT THE USER CANNOT BE
`AUTHENTICATED
`
`FIG. BA
`
`ASSA ABLOY Ex. 1003 - Page 11
`ASSA ABLOY AB v. CPC Patent Technologies Pty Ltd.
`IPR2022-01006 - U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 3, 2001
`
`Sheet 10 of 48
`
`US 6,256,737 Bl
`
`CONTINUED FROM
`FIG.BA
`
`DATABASE OBJECT CREATES A POLICY OBJECT AND RELOCATES IT TO
`THE AUTHENTICATION OBJECT IN THE BIOMElRIC SERVER
`
`COMMUNICATION IS ESTABLISHED BETWEEN BIOMElRIC SERVER
`AND THE COMPUTER
`
`BASED ON THE POLICY AND THE LIST OF DEVICES, THE
`AUTHENTICATION OBJECT IN THE BIOMETRIC SERVER SENDS A REQUEST
`TO THE COMPUTER TO TEST THE USER ON A PARTICUlAR BIOMETRIC
`DEVICE. THE REQUEST INCLUDES THE DEVICE ID, A BIOMETRIC
`TEMPlATE, A THRESHOLD VALUE, AND A TIMEOUT VALUE
`
`BASED ON THE REQUEST, AUTHENTICATION OBJECT IS CREATED IN THE
`COMPUTER
`
`812
`
`814
`
`816
`
`818
`
`FIG. 8A-1
`
`ASSA ABLOY Ex. 1003 - Page 12
`ASSA ABLOY AB v. CPC Patent Technologies Pty Ltd.
`IPR2022-01006 - U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 3, 2001
`
`Sheet 11 of 48
`
`US 6,256,737 Bl
`
`BASED ON THE BIOMETRIC DEVICE ID, THE AUTHENTICATION OBJECT
`IN THE COMPUlER CREATES A BIOMETRIC DEVICE OBJECT AND
`PASSES IT THE BIOMETRIC TEMPlATE. THE THRESHOLD VALUE AND
`THE TIMEOUT VALUE
`
`THE BIOMETRIC DEVICE OBJECT CAUSES THE USER TO BE TESTED ON
`THE BIOMETRIC DEVICE AND RETURNS TO THE AUTHENTICATION OBJECT
`IN THE COMPUlER THE RESULTS. THE RESULTS INCLUDE A SCORE AND
`WHETHER THE USER PASSED OR FAILED THE BIOMETRIC DEVICE
`
`AUTHENTICATION OBJECT IN THE COMPUlER SENDS THE RESULTS
`TO THE AUTHENTICATION OBJECT IN THE BIOMETRIC SERVER
`
`AUTHENTICATION OBJECT IN THE BIOMETRIC SERVER. BASED ON THE
`RESULTS AND THE POLICY, DETERMINES WHETHER THE USER PASSED
`THE POLICY, FAILED THE POLICY. OR NEEDS TO BE TESTED ON ANOTHER
`BIOMETRIC DEVICE
`
`820
`
`822
`
`824
`
`826
`
`YES
`
`INDICATE TO THE COMPUTER
`THAT THE USER IS
`AUTHENTICATED
`
`830
`
`NO
`
`YES
`
`INDICATE TO THE COMPUTER
`THAT THE USER IS
`NOT AUTHENTICATED
`
`834
`
`DETERMINE THE NEXT BIOMETRIC DEVICE TO
`TEST THE USER ON AND SEND THE REQUEST TO
`AUTHENTICATION OBJECT IN THE COMPUlER.
`THIS REQUEST INCLUDES THE DEVICE ID, A
`BIOMETRIC TEMPlATE. A THRESHOLD VALUE,
`AND A TIMEOUT VALUE.
`
`836
`
`FIG. 88
`
`ASSA ABLOY Ex. 1003 - Page 13
`ASSA ABLOY AB v. CPC Patent Technologies Pty Ltd.
`IPR2022-01006 - U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 3, 2001
`
`Sheet 12 of 48
`
`US 6,256,737 Bl
`
`RECEIVE A REQUEST TO IDENTIFY A USER,
`THE REQUEST INCLUDING A USER'S BIOMETRIC
`TEMPLATE, A THRESHOLD VALUE AND A
`TIMEOUT VALUE
`
`902 r
`
`822
`
`904
`
`906
`
`YES
`
`PROMPT THE USER FOR "LIVE"
`BIOMETRIC DATA
`
`ATTEMPT TO READ THE "LIVE"
`BIOMETRIC DATA
`
`HAS THE "LIVE"
`BIOMETRIC DATA
`BEEN READ?
`
`908
`
`NO
`
`914
`
`YES
`DETERMINE A SCORE BY MATCHING
`THE "LIVE" BIOMETRIC DATA WITH THE DATA
`STORED IN THE BIOMETRIC TEMPLATE
`
`USER FAILS THE
`BIOMETRIC DEVICE
`
`912
`
`~-
`
`USER PASSES THE
`BIOMETRIC DEVICE
`
`IS SC
`<THRES
`YALU
`
`YES
`
`FIG.9
`
`918
`
`USER FAILS THE
`BIOMETRIC DEVICE
`
`922
`
`ASSA ABLOY Ex. 1003 - Page 14
`ASSA ABLOY AB v. CPC Patent Technologies Pty Ltd.
`IPR2022-01006 - U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`

`

`208
`
`104
`
`1004, 1-l
`
`MONITOR
`OBJECT
`
`IDENTIFY REQUEST
`
`IDENTIFY USER ID
`OBJECT
`
`1008
`
`1006 J..-l BIOMETRIC DEVICE
`'-
`OBJECT
`
`I
`
`DATABASE
`OBJECT
`
`ty1010
`
`FIG.10
`
`d •
`r:JJ.
`•
`~
`~ ......
`~ = ......
`
`~ = :-
`
`~~
`N
`0
`0
`'"""'
`
`'JJ. =-~
`~ ....
`'"""' ~
`0 ....,
`,i;;..
`00
`
`e
`rJ'J.
`O'I
`N
`(It
`O'I
`~ -...,l
`
`~
`i,-
`
`ASSA ABLOY Ex. 1003 - Page 15
`ASSA ABLOY AB v. CPC Patent Technologies Pty Ltd.
`IPR2022-01006 - U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 3, 2001
`
`Sheet 14 of 48
`
`US 6,256,737 Bl
`
`1102
`
`1104
`
`1106
`
`WAIT FOR "LIVE" BIOMETRIC DATA TO BE
`PRESENTED
`
`CREATE BIOMETRIC DEVICE OBJECT
`
`BIOMETRIC DEVICE READS THE "LIVE"
`BIOMETRIC DATA
`
`1108
`
`MONITOR OBJECT SENDS AN IDENTIFYING REQUEST
`TO IDENTIFY USER ID OBJECT
`
`1110
`
`1112
`
`1116
`
`1118
`
`IDENTIFY USER ID OBJECT CREATES A
`DATABASE OBJECT AND PASSES TO IT THE
`"LIVE" BIOMETRIC DATA
`
`ATTEMPT TO MATCH THE "LIVE" BIOMETRIC
`DATA WITH STORED BIOMETRIC DATA IN A
`BIOMETRIC TEMPLATE
`
`NO
`
`PROMPT THE USER TO
`PRESENT "LIVE"
`BIOMETRIC DATA
`
`YES
`
`1120
`
`DffiRMINE THE USER ID THAT BELONGS TO
`THE MATCHING BIOMETRIC TEMPLATE
`
`ONCE THE USER ID IS DETERMINED,
`PROCEED WITH THE NORMAL LOGIN PROCESS
`
`FIG. 11
`
`ASSA ABLOY Ex. 1003 - Page 16
`ASSA ABLOY AB v. CPC Patent Technologies Pty Ltd.
`IPR2022-01006 - U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`

`

`106
`
`104
`)
`
`1204
`
`I
`ENROLLMENT REQUEST
`
`1206
`
`, ...
`
`ENROLLMENT
`INTERFACE
`
`1220
`
`I
`
`ENROLLMENT
`COMM
`OBJECT
`(RECEIVER OBJECT) OBJE~T
`
`-
`
`BIOMETRIC DEVICE I 1222
`
`OBJECT
`
`_r
`
`1218
`
`ENROLLMENT
`INTERFACE
`.
`ENROLLMENT ~
`OBJECT
`(INIT OBJECT)
`
`I
`
`1208
`
`t I
`DATABASE
`OBJECT
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`d •
`r:JJ.
`•
`~
`......
`~
`~ = ......
`
`~ =
`:-
`~~
`N
`0
`0
`'"""'
`
`~
`
`'JJ.
`
`=-
`~ ....
`'"""' Ul
`....,
`0
`,i;;..
`00
`
`e
`rJ'J.
`O'I
`N
`(It
`O'I
`~
`~
`-...,l
`~
`i,-
`
`1214
`......
`COMM
`- OBJECT
`POLICY
`OBJECT
`r
`1212
`
`1210~
`
`FIG. 12
`
`ASSA ABLOY Ex. 1003 - Page 17
`ASSA ABLOY AB v. CPC Patent Technologies Pty Ltd.
`IPR2022-01006 - U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 3, 2001
`
`Sheet 16 of 48
`
`US 6,256,737 Bl
`
`USER TYPES IN A USER ID AT THE ENROLI.MENT STATION
`'-1302
`AN EROLLMENT REQUEST, ALONG WITH THE USER ID, GETS SENT TO THE BIOMETRIC SERVER
`'--1304
`BASED ON THE REQUEST, ENROLLMENT OBJECT IS INITIALIZED IN THE BIOMETRIC SERVER
`'-1306
`ENROLLMENT OBJECT IN THE BIOMETRIC SERVER CREATES A DATABASE OBJECT
`AND PASSES THE USER ID TO IT.
`'--1308
`DATABASE OBJECT, BASED ON THE USER ID, DETERMINES THE BIOMETRIC GROUP
`THE USER IS IN AND DETERMINES lHE BIOMETRIC POLICY ASSIGNED TO THE
`USER'S BIOMETRIC GROUP.
`'-1310
`DATABASE OBJECT CREATES A POLICY OBJECT AND RELOCATES IT TO THE OBJECT IN THE
`BIOMETRIC SERVER
`
`1312
`COMMUNICATION IS ESTABLISHED BEIWEEN THE BIOMETRIC SERVER AND THE
`ENROLI.MENT STATION
`'--1314
`BASED ON THE LIST OF DEVICES, THE ENROLLMENT OBJECT IN lHE BIOMETRIC SERVER
`SENDS A REQUEST TO THE ENROLLMENT STATION TO ENROLL THE USER ON A PARTICUlAR
`BIOMETRIC DEVICE. THE REQUEST INCLUDES lHE BIOMETRIC DEVICE ID.
`'--1316
`BASED ON THE REQUEST, ENROLLMENT OBJECT IS CREATED IN THE ENROLI.MENT STATION
`'-1318
`
`,,._......,.
`CONTINUED ON
`FIG.138
`FIG. 13A
`
`ASSA ABLOY Ex. 1003 - Page 18
`ASSA ABLOY AB v. CPC Patent Technologies Pty Ltd.
`IPR2022-01006 - U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 3, 2001
`
`Sheet 17 of 48
`
`US 6,256,737 Bl
`
`CONTINUED FROM
`FIG.13A
`
`BASED ON THE BIOMETRIC DE"1CE ID, THE ENROLLMENT OBJECT IN THE ENROLLMENT STATION
`CREATES A BIOMETRIC DE"1CE OBJECT
`1320
`THE BIOMETRIC DE"1CE OBJECT CAUSES THE BIOMETRIC DE"1CE TO ENROLL THE
`USER AND CREATES A BIOMETRIC TEMPLATE
`1322
`ENROLLMENT OBJECT IN THE ENROLLMENT STATION SENDS THE BIOMETRIC
`TEMPLATE TO THE ENROLLMENT OBJECT IN THE BIOMETRIC SERVER
`1324
`ENROLLMENT OBJECT IN THE BIOMETRIC SERVER STORES THE BIOMETRIC TEMPLATE
`IN THE DATABASE OBJECT
`1326
`
`BASED ON
`THE LIST OF DE"1CES, DOES
`THE USER NEED TO BE ENROLLED IN
`ANOTHER BIOMETRIC
`DE"1CE?
`
`NO
`
`1330
`
`DETERMINE THE NEXT BIOMETRIC DE"1CE TO ENROLL THE USER IN AND SEND
`A REQUEST TO THE ENROLLMENT OBJECT IN THE ENROLLMENT STATION.
`THE REQUEST INCLUDES A BIOMETRIC DE"1CE ID.
`1332
`
`FIG. 138
`
`ASSA ABLOY Ex. 1003 - Page 19
`ASSA ABLOY AB v. CPC Patent Technologies Pty Ltd.
`IPR2022-01006 - U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`

`

`1404 □□□□□□□□□ □~~
`□□□□□□□ ~------~ .-------+--1406
`
`1402
`
`I
`
`I
`
`.A @ Biometric Groups Tree
`: !il Account Operators
`: · ~ Administrators
`$·· ~ Backup Operators
`i···· Q BSC Enrollment Mgr
`! · ·~ Domain Adm ins
`$ ···~ Domain Guests
`: ~ Domain Users
`~····~ Guests
`. IIl· ~ MTS Trusted Impersonators
`$····~ Print Operators
`$····~ Replicator
`$··· Jil Server Operators
`[±)····~ Users
`
`~ Biometric Computers Tree
`j······Q BSClAPTOP
`i···Q BSClAPTOP1
`!······Q CALlAWl
`$····Q DEV2
`[t)····Q DEV5
`l ···· ·Q DEV?
`$··••g DEV8
`[±)····Q DEVTEST
`\·····Q JOHN
`J ····· ·Q PCKARL
`[t)···Q PCPETE
`1······Q SERVER
`
`B ... @ Biometric Users Tree
`j-·· D Administrator
`ffi ·· · D bobs
`D devuser2
`D george
`D Guest
`D IUSR_DEVSERVER
`· D IWAM_DEVSERVER
`D JoanneM
`: D JohnS
`/-···· · D KorlW
`j·····D lesi
`J···· D Mores
`$···· D PeterB
`i······ D PRINT _SERVER
`i ····· · D RossanoA
`\ ...... D Server
`
`[£]ii Biometric Policy Tree
`[I]···[E] OR Policy
`'--\
`$···[E] AND Policy
`1408
`\····[E] CONTINGENT Policy
`l·····[E] Random Policy
`L .... [EJ Threshold Policy
`
`-...
`
`1410
`J
`7
`1@1 Biometric Devices Tree
`$····fl BSC Password Device
`$····fl Visionics Focelt
`$····fl ABC BioMouse
`[±)····fl TNetix Voice
`
`FIG. 14
`
`d •
`r:JJ.
`•
`~
`~ ......
`~ = ......
`
`~
`
`~
`~~
`N
`0
`0
`'"""'
`
`'JJ. =(cid:173)~
`~ ....
`'"""' 00
`0 ....,
`,i;;..
`00
`
`e
`rJ"J.
`O'I
`N
`(It
`O'I
`
`~
`""-l
`~
`i,-
`
`ASSA ABLOY Ex. 1003 - Page 20
`ASSA ABLOY AB v. CPC Patent Technologies Pty Ltd.
`IPR2022-01006 - U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`

`

`1502
`
`204
`
`208
`
`202
`
`1504
`
`1506
`
`SALES PATIENT/ PRODUCT
`BULLETIN
`USER
`BOARD EMAIL REPORTS CLIENT DEVELOP- COMPUTERS
`RECORDS
`MENT
`
`NETWORK INTERNET DIAL-IN
`SYSTEM
`ACCESS ACCESS
`
`✓
`
`M
`
`M
`L
`
`PASSWORD
`FINGERPRINT
`VOICE RECOGNITION
`FACIAL IMAGE
`SIGNATURE
`SMART CARD
`
`H
`
`H
`
`M
`
`FIG. 15
`
`M
`
`✓
`
`M
`L
`
`M
`L
`
`✓
`M
`L
`
`d •
`r:JJ.
`•
`~
`~ ......
`~ = ......
`
`~
`
`~
`~~
`N
`0
`0
`'"""'
`
`'JJ. =(cid:173)~
`~ ....
`'"""' \0
`0 ....,
`,i;;..
`00
`
`e
`rJ'J.
`O'I
`N
`(It
`O'I
`~ -...,l
`
`~
`i,-
`
`ASSA ABLOY Ex. 1003 - Page 21
`ASSA ABLOY AB v. CPC Patent Technologies Pty Ltd.
`IPR2022-01006 - U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 3, 2001
`
`Sheet 20 of 48
`
`US 6,256,737 Bl
`
`Identify a resource that needs protection
`
`1602
`
`1604
`,r
`A/
`~ - - - - - ' - - - - v v
`Identify the non-biometric devices
`involved in that protection
`
`1606
`
`Identify the biometric devices
`involved in that protection
`
`I
`
`i ~_J __
`
`1608
`
`For each biometric device identified,
`determine its threshold value
`
`FIG. 1 6
`
`ASSA ABLOY Ex. 1003 - Page 22
`ASSA ABLOY AB v. CPC Patent Technologies Pty Ltd.
`IPR2022-01006 - U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 3, 2001
`
`Sheet 21 of 48
`
`US 6,256,737 Bl
`
`DETERMINE THE N NUMBER OF BIOMETRIC DEVICES IN THE
`LIST OF DEVICES GREATER THAN 2
`
`DETERMINE THE FIRST BIOMETRIC DEVICE IN THE LIST OF
`DEVICES
`
`GET A FIRST SCORE BY TESTING THE USER ON THE
`FIRST BIOMETRIC DEVICE
`
`1708
`
`1702
`
`1704
`
`1706
`
`<
`
`IS THE FIRS
`E LESS THAN A FIRST
`RESHOLD VA
`
`NO
`
`USER PASSES
`THE OR POLICY
`
`1710
`
`DETERMINE THE SECOND BIOMETRIC DEVICE IN THE LIST OF
`DEVICES
`
`GET A SECOND SCORE BY TESTING THE USER ON THE
`SECOND BIOMETRIC DEVICE
`
`1712
`
`1714
`
`NO
`
`USER PASSES
`THE OR POLICY
`
`1718
`
`CONTINUED ON
`FIG.178
`
`FIG.17A
`
`ASSA ABLOY Ex. 1003 - Page 23
`ASSA ABLOY AB v. CPC Patent Technologies Pty Ltd.
`IPR2022-01006 - U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 3, 2001
`
`Sheet 22 of 48
`
`US 6,256,737 Bl
`
`CONTINUED FROM
`FIG.17A
`
`1720
`
`NO
`
`USER FAILS
`THE OR POLICY
`
`1722
`
`DETERMINE THE NEXT BIOMETRIC DEVICE IN THE LIST OF
`DEVICES
`
`GET A NEXT SCORE BY TESTING THE USER ON THE NEXT
`BIOMETRIC DEVICE
`
`1724
`
`1726
`
`1728
`
`IS THE NEXT
`RE LESS THAN A NE
`EVICE THRESHO
`
`NO
`
`USER PASSES
`THE OR POLICY
`
`1730
`
`SUBTRACT 1 FROM N
`
`1732
`
`FIG. 178
`
`ASSA ABLOY Ex. 1003 - Page 24
`ASSA ABLOY AB v. CPC Patent Technologies Pty Ltd.
`IPR2022-01006 - U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 3, 2001
`
`Sheet 23 of 48
`
`US 6,256,737 Bl
`
`DETERMINE THE N NUMBER OF BIOMETRIC DEVICES IN THE LIST OF
`DEVICES GREATER THAN 2
`
`1802
`
`DETERMINE THE FIRST BIOMETRIC DEVICE IN THE LIST OF DEVICES
`
`1804
`
`GET A FIRST SCORE BY TESTING THE USER ON THE
`FIRST BIOMETRIC DEVICE
`
`1806
`
`IS THE
`FIRST SCORE LESS THAN
`A FIRST BIOMETRIC DEVICE
`THRESHOLD
`VALUE?
`
`1810
`
`YES
`
`USER FAILS
`THE AND POLICY
`
`NO
`DETERMINE THE SECOND BIOMETRIC DEVICE IN THE LIST OF DEVICES
`
`GET A SECOND SCORE BY TESTING THE USER ON THE
`SECOND BIOMETRIC DEVICE
`
`1812
`
`1814
`
`1816
`
`1818
`
`YES
`
`USER FAILS
`THE AND POLICY
`
`FIG. 18A
`
`IS THE
`SECOND SCORE LESS
`A SECOND BIOMETRIC
`THRESHOLD
`YALU
`
`NO
`
`CONTINUED ON
`FIG.188
`
`ASSA ABLOY Ex. 1003 - Page 25
`ASSA ABLOY AB v. CPC Patent Technologies Pty Ltd.
`IPR2022-01006 - U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 3, 2001
`
`Sheet 24 of 48
`
`US 6,256,737 Bl
`
`CONTINUED FROM
`FIG.18A
`
`1822
`
`1820
`
`NO
`
`USER PASSES
`THE AND POLICY
`
`1824
`
`DETERMINE THE NEXT BIOMETRIC DEVICE IN THE LIST OF DEVICES
`
`GET A NEXT SCORE BY TESTING THE USER ON THE
`NEXT BIOMETRIC DEVICE
`
`1828
`
`/ IS THE NEXT SCORE
`
`LESS THAN A NEXT BIOMETRIC
`DEVICE THRESHOLD?
`
`1830
`
`1826
`
`USER FAILS
`THE AND POLICY
`
`1832
`
`--~._ ______ S_UB_TRA_C_T_1_FR_OM_N __ ( ___ - -1
`
`FIG. 188
`
`ASSA ABLOY Ex. 1003 - Page 26
`ASSA ABLOY AB v. CPC Patent Technologies Pty Ltd.
`IPR2022-01006 - U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 3, 2001
`
`Sheet 25 of 48
`
`US 6,256,737 Bl
`
`Determine a contingent
`threshold value
`
`'
`Determine the first biometric
`device in the policy list of
`devices
`
`-
`
`,i,
`
`-
`
`-
`
`Get a first score by testing the
`user on the first biometric device
`
`1902
`/> /
`
`1904
`'/> /
`
`1906
`
`/
`
`1908
`
`1910
`
`User passes the
`CONTINGENT
`policy
`
`Is the
`first score less than
`a first biometric device
`threshold
`
`YES
`
`1916
`
`NO
`
`Determine the contingent biometric
`device in the list of devices
`,_ _________ _.]918
`
`Get a contingent score by testing the
`user on the contingent biometric device
`
`1912
`'
`
`Is the
`first score less than the
`contingent threshold
`value?
`
`YES
`
`User fails the
`CONTINGENT
`policy
`
`1914
`
`1920
`;ti'
`
`ls the
`contingent score less
`than a contingent biometric
`device threshold
`
`1922
`✓
`
`User passes the
`CONTINGENT
`policy
`
`1924
`
`User fails the
`CONTINGENT
`policy
`
`FIG. 19
`
`ASSA ABLOY Ex. 1003 - Page 27
`ASSA ABLOY AB v. CPC Patent Technologies Pty Ltd.
`IPR2022-01006 - U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 3, 2001
`
`Sheet 26 of 48
`
`US 6,256,737 Bl
`
`DETERMINE