V More than 16,000 entries
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`SALTAINCUCSETABULCDURUACUI eam 00S
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`1
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`SAMSUNG 1027
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`

`IBM DICTIONARY
`OF COMPUTING
`
`Compiled and edited by
`GEORGE McDANIEL
`
`McGRAW-HILL,INC.
`New York SanFrancisco Washington, D.C. Auckland Bogota
`Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan
`Montreal New Delhi San Juan Singapore
`Sydney Tokyo Toronto
`
`
`
`2
`
`

`

`Copyright © 1994 by International Business Machines Corporation. All rights
`reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under
`the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be
`reproducedor distributed in any form or by any means,or stored in a data
`base orretrieval system, without the prior written permisssion of the pub-
`lisher.
`
`67890 DOC/DOC 9987
`}t
`
`ISBN 0-07-031488-8 (HC)
`ISBN 0-07-031489-6 (PBK)
`
`The sponsoring editor for this book was Daniel A. Gonneau and the
`production supervisor was Thomas G. Kowalczyk.
`
`Printed and boundby R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company.
`
`Tenth Edition (August 1993)
`This is a major revision of the IBM Dictionary of Computing, SC20-1699-8,
`which is made obsolete by this edition. Changes are madeperiodically to the
`information provided herein.
`It is possible that this material may contain reference to, or informationabout,
`IBMproducts (machines and programs), programming, or services that are
`not announced in your country. Such references or information must not be
`construed to mean that IBM intends to announce such IBM products, pro-
`gramming, or services in your country. Comments may be addressed to IBM
`Corporation, Department E37/656, P. O. Box 12195, Research Triangle Park,
`NC 27709.
`
`International Edition
`Copyright © 1994 byInternational Business Machines Corporation. Exclusive
`rights by McGraw-Hill, Inc. for manufacture and export. This book cannot be
`re-exported from the country to which it is consigned by McGraw-Hill. The
`International Edition is not available in North America.
`
`Whenorderingthis title, use ISBN 0-07-113383-6.
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`
` Limitation of Liability
`
`
`While the Editor and Publisher of this book have made reasonable efforts to
`
`ensure the accuracy andtimeliness of the information contained herein,nei-
`
`ther the Editor nor the Publishershall have any liability with respectto loss or
`
`damagecausedor alleged to be causedbyreliance on any information con-
`
`tained herein.
`
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`This bookis printed on acid-free paper.
`
`
`
`3
`
`

`

`rogram continuation.
`field, mode field.
`
`se file created by the
`1 program-to-program
`BSC file.
`(2) In the
`tion utility (DDU), a
`{ program-to-program
`2m session between a
`note device,
`another
`
`in the
`1 The format
`3 the APPC subsystem
`
`‘ID) In VTAM pro-
`trol blocks that repre-
`created during session
`the session ends.
`
`transmission interface.
`
`program A
`control
`| program that controls
`ication lines and line
`of the character service
`n control program.
`
`ed term for telecommu-
`
`functional
`(CLA) A_
`r
`y-bit output of a station
`m a parallel bit form to
`
`link.
`
`actions In VTAM pto-
`macroinstructions used to
`
`nt configuration (1) Ih
`ique
`for
`configuring 4
`» consolidation of mally
`ns for the entire network
`QQ) A multiple-domain
`vhich one of
`the hosts,
`nanagement configuration
`controlling functions for
`he other hosts, called data
`is. This is accomplished
`so that the communication
`st of the resources 10 the
`lication programs.
`©
`ed by the communica!
`esources that are channel
`ts.
`
`communication mgmt configuration host node The
`type 5 host processor in a communication management
`configuration that does all network-control functions in
`the network except for the control of devices channel-
`attached to data hosts.
`Synonymous with communi-
`cation managementhost. See also data host node.
`
`host Synonym for
`communication management
`communication management configuration host node.
`See also data host node.
`
`communication network See data network, distrib-
`uted data processing network, path control network,
`ublic
`network,
`remote
`access
`data
`processing
`network, SNA network, user application network.
`
`communication network management (CNM) The
`process of designing,
`installing, operating, and man-
`aging distribution of information and control among
`users of communication systems.
`;
`
`communication parameter list The means of trans-
`ferring information between ACF/TCAM operator
`control
`and the master
`scheduler
`for
`commands
`entered from the system console.
`
`for data
`communication port (1) An access point
`entry or exit to or from a communication device such
`as a terminal.
`(2) On a personal computer, a serial
`port to which a stand-alone modem can be attached.
`(3) A physical
`location on an 8101 Storage and
`Input/Output Unit, an 8130 Processor, or an 8140
`Processor with a specific physical I/O address. Fea-
`tures for attaching terminal devices are assigned to
`communication ports.
`
`communication queue A list used for mail that keeps
`track of documents to be sent to independent work-
`Station users, local users, and other systems.
`
`communication region In VSE,an area of the super-
`visor that is set aside for transfer of information within
`and between programs.
`
`lists the
`communication routing table A table that
`remote locations used for sending and receiving mail.
`
`communications See data communication.
`
`(C &
`communications and systems management
`SM) In the AS/400 system, a part of the system that
`Contains the remote managementsupport, also referred
`‘0 as DHCF,the change management support, referred
`to as DSNX, and the problem management support,
`teferred to asalerts.
`
`eeications area In AS/400 query management,
`; enrol block used to communicate between the
`ystem code Supporting the Common Programming
`
`Interface (CPI) and the application program using the
`CPI.
`
`communication scanner A communication controller
`hardware unit
`that provides the connection between
`lines and the central control unit. The communication
`scanner monitors telecommunication lines and data
`links for service requests.
`
`(CSP) A
`processor
`scanner
`communication
`processor in the 3725 Communication Controller that
`contains a microprocessor with control code.
`The
`code controls transmission of data over links attached
`to the CSP.
`
`communications controller See communication con-
`troller.
`
`Communication Section In COBOL,the section of
`the Data Division that describes the interface areas
`between the message control system (MCS) and the
`program;
`it
`is composed of one or more communi-
`cation description entries.
`
`communication server In a personal computer,
`microprocessor, often on an expansion board,
`that
`handles operations between a computer and trans-
`mission facilities.
`
`communication services (CS) (1) In DPPX,a level
`of communication support that is available through the
`data-stream interface using SEND and RECEIVE
`macroinstructions.
`(2) In DPCX, a part of program
`services
`that provides methods
`for programs
`exchange data with the host system.
`(3) See trans-
`mission service.
`
`communications feature type In the AS/400 system,
`the 4-digit number that IBM assigns to identify the
`different packages of communications cards and cables
`available on the system.
`
`communications line See telecommunication line.
`
`communications link See data link.
`
`configuration See
`communications management
`communication management configuration.
`
`communications management host See communi-
`cation managementhost.
`
`Communications Manager A function of the OS/2
`Extended Edition program that
`lets
`a workstation
`connect to a host computer and use the host resources
`as well as the resources of other personal computers to
`which the workstation is attached, either directly or
`through a host system. Communications Managerpro-
`vides application programming interfaces (APIs)
`that users can develop their own applications.
`
`
`
`4
`
`

`

`provide information
`handling of data on
`if a program.
`
`yntroller.
`
`a micro-
`computer,
`that supplements the
`ie system unit;
`for
`pts and performing
`el with other oper-
`ocessor, networking
`
`1 personal computer
`ise performed by an
`system.
`
`perator/service panel
`put device other than
`is operating.
`
`n caused by termi-
`operator intervention
`
`[OIRV) In the IBM
`ormatted information
`ast for an I/O device.
`
`or.
`
`V/O statement, speci-
`which data are to be
`written.
`
`ge mode that allows
`xcept
`those that are
`) application mode,
`
`of a file after exe-
`with the I-O phrase
`e the execution of a
`EL or UNIT phrase
`
`in a gas that
`>trons
`iarged particles.
`
`
`
`IOP Input/output processor.
`
`IOPD Input/output problem determination.
`V/O port System hardwarethat enables attachment of
`W/O devices. Master modes but not
`in application
`mode.
`
`I/O processor See input/outputprocessor.
`IOS YO Supervisor.
`
`VO slot In System/38, one of three locations in a
`diskette magazine drive where individual diskettes can
`be inserted for
`input/output Operations.
`Same as
`manualslot.
`
`I-O status In COBOL, a conceptual entity that con-
`tains the two-character value indicating the resulting
`status of an input/output Operation.
`This value is
`made available to the program through the use of the
`FILE STATUSclausein the file control entry for the
`file.
`
`IOTA I/O transaction area,
`
`a
`YO tag In the IBM 8100 Information System,
`signal
`that notifies the system and YO control
`logic
`that a channel I/O operation or programmed I/O opera-
`tion is beginning.
`
`IP Internet Protocol.
`
`Y/PAR Incidents/parts activity report.
`IPC (1) Illustrated parts catalog.
`(2) Integrated pro-
`tective circuits.
`(3) Interprocess communication,
`IPCS Interactive problem control system.
`IPDS Intelligent printer data stream.
`
`IP indicator See input-to-process indicator,
`IPL (1) Initial
`program loader.
`(A)
`program load.
`
`(2) Initial
`
`IPL mode switch A switch located on the operator
`panel of an IBM 8100 Information System processor
`that is set to identify the type of initial program load
`(primary or manual) desired,
`The primary position
`indicates that the user does not wish to control the IPL
`Procedure and accepts the IBM-assigned options. The
`manual position indicates
`that
`the user wishes
`to
`control the IPL procedure to make changes.
`IPM Isolated pacing message.
`IPO Installation productivity option.
`
`IPR Isolated pacing response.
`IPS (1) Inches per second.
`ance specification.
`
`(2) Installation perform-
`
`IQL Incoming quality level,
`(2) Interrupt request.
`IR (1) Information retrieval.
`IRD Information resource dictionary.
`IRD schema extensibility Information resource dic-
`tionary schema extensibility. The capability to create
`new functionality in an information resource dictionary
`system.
`(A)
`
`IRDS Information resource dictionary system.
`software system for creating, maintaining, processing,
`and using information resource dictionaries. (T)
`IRD system extensibility Information resource dic-
`tionary system extensibility. The capability to create
`new functionality in an information Tesource dictionary
`system.
`(A)
`
`IRF Intermediate routing function.
`iris (1) In photography,
`the adjustable opening on a
`camera lens that controls the amount of light entering
`the camera.
`(2) In multimedia, a spiral Wipe that sim-
`ulates the action of a camerairis.
`
`(A)
`
`IRMInformation resource management.
`IRN Intermediate routing node.
`irrecoverable error (1) An error for which recovery
`is
`impossible without use of
`recovery techniques
`external
`to the computer program or
`run.
`(2) Synonymous with unrecoverable error.
`conditional
`irrelevance In information theory,
`the
`entropy of the occurrence of Specific messages at a
`message sink, given the occurrences of specific mes-
`Sages at the message source connected to the message
`sink by a specified channel.
`()
`(A)
`Synonymous
`with spread.
`
`(2) Inter-
`character.
`IRS (1) Interrecord-separator
`change record separator.
`Synonymous with record
`separator.
`
`IRSS Intelligent remote station support.
`IRT Index return character.
`
`IS An information separator character.
`ISA Industry Standard Architecture.
`
`(A)
`
`
`
`5
`
`

`

`—— —PeP-upmeny
`portable dictation machine A dictation machine
`or,
`style, width, height
`jicking 2 mouse button, and then disappears when the
`c
`;
`having a self-contained power supply and designed
`action is completed.
`primarily for
`easy movement
`from one place to
`another.
`(1)
`
`Times
`
`Helvetica
`Garamond
`Palatino
`
`portable typewriter A typewriter designed primarily
`for easy movement from one place to another.
`usually supplied with a carrying case that also serves
`to protect the machine while it is being moved.
`(T)
`
`port address In an ESCON Director, an address used
`to specify port connectivity parameters and to assign
`link addresses for attached channels and control units.
`See also link address.
`
`port address name In an ESCON Director, a user-
`defined symbolic name of 24 characters or less that
`identifies a particular port.
`
`Figure 115. Pop-up Menu
`a
`pop-up widget In AIX Enhanced X-Windows,
`window child of the root that is attached to its widget
`arent differently than the normal widget;
`a pop-up
`widget is not geometrically constrained by its parent
`Port-A-Punch equipment Portable punching equip-
`the
`program,
`<windows
`widget.
`ment manufactured by IBM.
`MenuPane widget disap-
`splay whenauseraction,
`pop-up window In SAA Advanced Common User
`port card In an ESCON environment,
`a
`utton,
`is completed.
`See
`Access architecture, a movable window, fixedin size,
`replaceable hardware component
`that provides
`nhanced X-Windows,
`an
`in which a user provides information required by an
`opto-mechanical attachment method for jumper cables
`widget that closes when a
`application so that it can continue to process a user
`and performs specific device-dependent
`logic func-
`tions.
`request.
`
`in whi
`iced merge sort
`ch
`subsets
`is base
`d ‘cam
`
`yw auxiliary storage.
`See
`dase pool, machine
`Storage
`ared storage pool,
`Storage
`
`dicated by toner that Cai
`ited sheet. See also ghost
`ier offset.
`
`m the top of a pushdown
`
`Splay screen that displays
`to make choices.
`(2) In
`‘e manner in which a type
`°s suddenly (pops up) in
`f a user action, usually
`_ (3) In AIX Enhanced
`ting to a type of widget
`n a pointer button is held
`ws.
`(4) In SAA Basic
`2cture, a bordered area of
`ition that supplements the
`nd a computer.
`(5) See
`up, spring-loaded pop-up.
`
`Enhanced X-Windows,
`3 emanating in succession
`
`iced X-Windows, a child
`
`srating system, a list of
`idget.
`
`for data entry or exit.
`port (1) An access point
`(2) A connector on a device to which cables for other
`devices
`such as display stations and printers are
`attached.
`Synonymous with socket.
`See communi-
`cation port, game port, I/O port, parallel port, serial
`port,
`terminal port.
`(3) A specific communications
`end point within a host. A port is identified by a port
`number.
`(4) The representation of a physical con-
`nection to the link hardware. A port
`is sometimes
`referred to as an adapter; however, there can be more
`than one port on an adapter. There may be one or
`more ports controlled by a
`single DLC process.
`(5) To make the programming changes necessary to
`allow a program that runs on one type of computer to
`run on another type of computer.
`(6) Deprecated term
`for adapter.
`(7) See delayed port, disabled port, pro-
`tocol port, serial port, shared port, textport.
`(8) See
`also viewport.
`
`(such as
`identifier
`port designation A 4-character
`LPT1 or COM1) assignedto a printer, plotter, or com-
`munications device so that
`the system has a unique
`wayto refer to the resource.
`
`portfolio In multimedia, a series of timed videostills,
`producing a “slide show” effect.
`
`identified by the
`port group A group of ports
`common carrier with a single data terminal equipment
`(DTE) address. The network directs incoming calls to
`the first available port, using a sequential search tech-
`nique.
`
`an ESCON
`(PIB) In
`block
`information
`port
`Director, a data area that contains informationrelating
`to the connectivity of each available port.
`
`portability (1) The capability of a program to be exe-
`cuted on various types of data processing systems
`without converting it to a different language and with
`little or no modification.
`(T)
`(2) The ability to
`transport equipment manually.
`(3) The ability to run
`a program on more than one computer without modi-
`fying it.
`(4) Synonymous with transportability. See
`data portability.
`
`that can be
`portable computer A microcomputer
`hand carried for use in more than onelocation.
`(T)
`
`ESCON Director,
`an
`number (1) In
`port
`identifies
`a physical
`hexadecimal number
`that
`connection point. This number is identical to its port
`address unless
`the service representative has reas-
`signed the port associated with that address.
`TCP/IP,
`a
`16-bit number
`used to
`communicate
`between TCP and a higher-level protocol or applica-
`tion.
`Someprotocols, such as the File Transfer Pro-
`tocol
`(FTP) and the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
`(SMTP), use the same port number in all TCP/IP
`implementations. See well-knownport.
`
`play screen of a personal
`2s in an upward direction
`on a display screen;
`for
`yptions that appears when
`a menu.
`See also pull-
`we 115.
`(2) In
`the
`ye of MenuPane widget
`some user action, usually
`
`
`portrait (1) The arrangement of text on a page so
`that it is oriented for normal reading when its length is
`
`
`
`6
`
`