United States Patent [19J
`Sainton et al.
`
`[54] ADAPTIVE OMNI-MODAL RADIO
`APPARATUS AND METHODS
`
`[75]
`
`Inventors: Joseph B. Sainton, Newburg, Oreg.;
`Charles M. Leedom, Jr., Falls Church;
`Eric J. Robinson, Ashburn, both of Va.
`
`[73] Assignee: Spectrum Information Technologies,
`Inc., Purchase, N.Y.
`
`[21] Appl. No.: 707,262
`
`[22] Filed:
`
`Sep. 4, 1996
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`[63]
`
`[51]
`[52]
`
`[58]
`
`Continuation of Ser. No. 167,003, Dec. 15, 1993, aban(cid:173)
`doned.
`Int. Cl.6
`....................................................... H04Q 7/32
`U.S. Cl. .......................... 455/553; 455/426; 455/557;
`455/566
`Field of Search .................................. 455/33.1, 33.2,
`455/33.4, 54.1, 54.2, 56.1, 74, 84, 89, 432,
`434, 435, 552, 524, 553, 426, 557; 379/59,
`60
`
`[56]
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`4,144,496
`4,371,751
`4,558,453
`4,578,796
`4,741,049
`4,811,420
`4,833,727
`4,985,904
`5,020,094
`5,077,834
`
`3/1979 Cunningham et al. ................ 455/54.1
`2/1983 Hilligoss, Jr. et al. .
`12/1985 Mimken .
`3/1986 Charalambous et al. .
`4/1988 De Jager et al. .
`3/1989 Avis et al. .
`5 /1989 Calv et et al. .
`1/1991 Ogawara .
`5/1991 Rash et al. .
`12/1991 Andros et al. .
`
`(List continued on next page.)
`
`OIBER PUBLICATIONS
`
`I 1111111111111111 11111 111111111111111 IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII lll111111111111111
`US005854985A
`[11] Patent Number:
`[45] Date of Patent:
`
`5,854,985
`Dec. 29, 1998
`
`"Motorola Paging & Wireless Data Group", Bob Growney
`and William Davies, pp. 155 and 156, Portable Computers
`Wireless Communications, 1993.
`
`"Racotek", Richard Cortese and Larry Sanders, pp.
`176-178, Portable Computers and Wireless Communica(cid:173)
`tions, 1993.
`
`Primary Examiner-Edward F. Urban
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm----Sixbey, Friedman, Leedom &
`Ferguson; Charles M. Leedom, Jr.
`
`[57]
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`A frequency and protocol agile wireless communication
`product, and chipset for forming the same, including a
`frequency agile transceiver, a digital interface circuit for
`interconnecting the radio transceiver with external devices,
`protocol agile operating circuit for operating the radio
`transceiver in accordance with one of the transmission
`protocols as determined by a protocol signal and an adaptive
`control circuit for accessing a selected wireless communi(cid:173)
`cation network and for generating the frequency control
`signal and the protocol control signal in response to a user
`defined criteria. Among the possible user defined criteria
`would be (1) the cost of sending a data message, (2) the
`quality of transmission link (signal strength, interference
`actual or potential), (3) the potential for being bumped off of
`the system (is service provider at near full capacity), ( 4) the
`security of transmission, (5) any special criteria which the
`user could variably program into his omni-modal wireless
`product based on the user's desires or (6) any one or more
`combinations of the above features that are preprogrammed,
`changed or overridden by the user. The disclosed invention
`allows wireless service providers to broadcast electronically
`as part of any "handshaking"0 procedure with a omni-modal
`wireless product information such as (1) rate information
`and (2) information regarding system operating character(cid:173)
`istics such as percent of system capacity in use and/or
`likelihood of being dropped. The disclosed invention creates
`a user oriented source enrollment and billing service in the
`wireless data market by establishing uniform standard for
`"handshakes" to occur between cell service providers and
`omni-modal wireless products.
`
`*"Electronic Messaging System (EPS)", Feb. 5, 1993, Com(cid:173)
`plex Architectures, Inc.
`
`15 Claims, 16 Drawing Sheets
`
`B
`
`20
`
`DIGITAL DE(cid:173)
`MODULATOR
`
`1 - - _____ / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -~
`I
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`_________________________________________ !
`
`22
`
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`
`D
`
`Ex.1007
`APPLE INC. / Page 1 of 30
`
`

`

`5,854,985
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`5,122,795
`5,127,042
`5,134,709
`5,179,360
`5,200,991
`5,201,067
`
`6/1992 Cubley et al. .
`....................... 455/33.1 X
`6/1992 Gillig et al.
`7/1992 Bi et al. .
`1/1993 Suzuki .................................. 455/86 X
`4/1993 Motoyanagi .
`4/1993 Grube et al. .
`
`5,239,701
`5,249,302
`5,261,117
`5,293,628
`5,301,359
`5,343,513
`5,649,308
`
`8/1993 Ishii .
`9/1993 Metroka et al. .
`11/1993 Olson ................................. 455/54.2 X
`...................... 455/34.1 X
`3/1994 Sasuta et al.
`4/1994 Van Den Heuvel et al.
`.......... 455/524
`8/1994 Kay et al. .......................... 455/34.1 X
`7/1997 Andrews ................................... 455/84
`
`Ex.1007
`APPLE INC. / Page 2 of 30
`
`

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`
`Ex.1007
`APPLE INC. / Page 3 of 30
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`
`Sheet 2 of 16
`
`5,854,985
`
`FIG. 18
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`
`Ex.1007
`APPLE INC. / Page 4 of 30
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`
`Sheet 3 of 16
`
`5,854,985
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`Ex.1007
`APPLE INC. / Page 5 of 30
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`
`Sheet 4 of 16
`
`5,854,985
`
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`Ex.1007
`APPLE INC. / Page 6 of 30
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`
`Sheet 5 of 16
`
`5,854,985
`
`FIG. 4A
`
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`
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`
`Ex.1007
`APPLE INC. / Page 7 of 30
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`
`Sheet 6 of 16
`
`5,854,985
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`Ex.1007
`APPLE INC. / Page 8 of 30
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`
`Sheet 7 of 16
`
`5,854,985
`
`FIG. BA
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`Ex.1007
`APPLE INC. / Page 9 of 30
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`Sheet 8 of 16
`FIG. 68
`
`5,854,985
`
`START
`
`YES
`
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`658
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`
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`SERVICE USER
`SERVICE USER
`REQUEST ON
`REQUEST ON
`CELLULAR PHONE CORDLESS PHONE
`SYSTEM
`SYSTEM
`
`Ex.1007
`APPLE INC. / Page 10 of 30
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`
`Sheet 9 of 16
`
`5,854,985
`
`FIG. 7
`
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`Ex.1007
`APPLE INC. / Page 11 of 30
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`
`Sheet 10 of 16
`
`5,854,985
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`Ex.1007
`APPLE INC. / Page 12 of 30
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`
`Sheet 11 of 16
`FIG. 9
`
`5,854,985
`
`902
`
`START
`
`904
`DATA
`
`VOICE
`
`906
`OBTAIN VOICE
`PRICE
`INFORMATION
`
`908
`OBTAIN DATA
`PRICE
`INFORMATION
`
`910
`
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`
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`CONFIGURE FOR
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`SELECTED
`_SYSTEM
`
`916
`
`END
`
`Ex.1007
`APPLE INC. / Page 13 of 30
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`
`Sheet 12 of 16
`
`5,854,985
`
`FIG. 10
`
`1002
`
`START
`
`1004
`CONTACT WIRELESS
`SERVICE PROVIDER
`
`1006
`OBTAIN SERVICE
`INFORMATION
`
`YES
`
`NO
`
`1010
`COMPILE AND
`FORMAT SERVICE
`INFORMATION
`
`1012
`DETERMINE MODULATION
`AND FREQUENCY
`PROTOCOL
`
`1014
`BROADCAST
`SERVICE
`INFORMATION
`
`Ex.1007
`APPLE INC. / Page 14 of 30
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`Sheet 13 of 16
`FIG. 11
`
`5,854,985
`
`1102
`
`START
`
`1104
`ACCESS CARRIER
`CONTROL CHANNEL
`
`1106
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`COST INFORMATION
`
`1108
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`INFORMATION
`
`YES
`
`NO
`
`1112
`
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`INFORMATION
`
`1114
`
`ESTABLISH
`CIRCUIT
`CONNECTION
`
`.
`
`Ex.1007
`APPLE INC. / Page 15 of 30
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`
`Sheet 14 of 16
`
`5,854,985
`
`FIG. 12
`
`1206 (
`
`u-- 2
`
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`-----
`I
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
`----~04
`
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`RF CARD
`
`Ex.1007
`APPLE INC. / Page 16 of 30
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`
`Sheet 15 of 16
`
`5,854,985
`
`FIG. 14
`
`1402
`
`CELLULAR
`TELEPHONE
`NETWORK OFFICE
`
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`
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`
`PAGING
`SYSTEM
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`ANTENNA
`
`1
`
`OMNI-MODAL
`DEVICE
`
`Ex.1007
`APPLE INC. / Page 17 of 30
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`
`Sheet 16 of 16
`
`5,854,985
`
`FIG. 15
`
`START
`
`NO
`
`NO
`
`YES
`
`1510
`
`TIME
`DELAY
`
`NO
`
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`11 SEND PAGE
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`
`1
`
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`1512
`TRANSMIT
`PAGE USING
`AL TERNA TE SYSTEM
`
`END
`
`Ex.1007
`APPLE INC. / Page 18 of 30
`
`

`

`5,854,985
`
`1
`ADAPTIVE OMNI-MODAL RADIO
`APPARATUS AND METHODS
`
`This application is a continuation of Ser. No. 08/167,003,
`filed Dec. 15, 1993, now abandoned.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`This invention relates generally to frequency and protocol
`agile, wireless communication devices and systems adapted
`to enable voice and/or data transmission to occur using a
`variety of different radio frequencies, transmission protocols
`and radio infrastructures.
`Many communication industry experts believe that a
`personal information revolution has begun that will have as
`dramatic an impact as did the rise of personal computers in
`the 1980' s. Such experts are predicting that the personal
`computer will become truly "personal" by allowing virtually
`instant access to information anytime or anywhere. There
`exists no consensus, however, on the pace or form of this
`revolution.
`For example, the wireless communication industry is
`being fragmented by the emergence of a substantial number
`of competing technologies and services including digital
`cellular technologies (e.g. TDMA, E-TDMA, narrow band
`CDMA, and broadband CDMA), geopositioning services,
`one way and two-way paging services, packet data services,
`enhanced specialized mobile radio, personal computing
`services, two-way satellite systems, cellular digital packet
`data (CDPD) and others. Fragmenting forces within the
`wireless communication industry have been further
`enhanced by regulatory actions of the U.S. government. In
`particular, the U.S. government is preparing to auction off
`portions of the radio spectrum for use in providing personal
`communication services (PCS) in a large number of rela- 35
`tively small contiguous regions of the country. The U.S.
`government is also proposing to adopt regulations which
`will encourage wide latitude among successful bidders for
`the new radio spectrum to adopt innovative wireless tech(cid:173)
`nologies.
`Until the market for wireless communication has experi(cid:173)
`enced an extended "shake-out" period it is unlikely that a
`clear winner or group of winners will become apparent. Any
`portable unit which is capable of interacting with more than
`one service provider or radio infrastructure would obviously
`have advantages over a portable unit which is capable of
`accessing only a single service provider. Still better would
`be a portable unit which could be reprogrammed to interact
`with a variety of different service providers. Previous
`attempts to provide such multi modal units have produced a
`variety of interesting, but less than ideal, product and
`method concepts.
`Among the known multi-modal proposals is a portable
`telephone, disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,127,042 to Gillig et
`al., which is adapted to operate with either a conventional
`cordless base station or cellular base station. U.S. Pat. No.
`5,179,360 to Suzuki discloses a cellular telephone which is
`capable of switching between either an analog mode of
`operation or a digital mode of operation. Yet another
`approach is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,985,904 to Ogawara 60
`directed to an improved method and apparatus for switching
`from a failed main radio communication system to a backup
`communication system. Still another proposal is disclosed in
`U.S. Pat. No. 5,122,795 directed to a paging receiver which
`is capable of scanning the frequencies of a plurality of radio 65
`common carriers to detect the broadcast of a paging message
`over one of the carriers serving a given geographic region.
`
`2
`In U.S. Pat. No. 5,239,701 to Ishii there is disclosed a radio
`receiver which is responsive to an RF signal containing a
`plurality of channel frequencies, each having broadcast
`information, and a circuit for producing a wide band version
`5 of the received RF signal and a circuit for producing a
`narrow band version of the received RF signal.
`While multi-modal in some regard, each of the technolo(cid:173)
`gies disclosed in the above listed patents is highly special(cid:173)
`ized and limited to a specific application. The systems
`10 disclosed are clearly non-adaptive and are incapable of
`being easily reconfigured to adapt to different transmission
`protocols or different radio infrastructures. Recently,
`Motorola has announced beta testing of a system called
`"MoNet" which will allegedly allow users to operate on
`15 whatever wireless network happens to be available using
`protocol and frequency agile radio modems. The MoNet
`technology will be integrated in both networks and mobile
`devices and will permit first time users to fill out an
`electronic application, transmit it, and receive a personal ID
`20 to allow the user to operate on any of several mobile
`networks yet receive just one bill. Another provider of an
`open system is Racotek of Minneapolis, Minn. which offers
`client server architecture designed to be portable across
`different mobile devices, host platforms, and radio infra-
`25 structures.
`While the limited attempts to deal with the fragmentation
`of the wireless communication industry have had some
`merits, no one has yet disclosed a truly self adaptive,
`omni-modal wireless product which enables an end user to
`30 access conveniently various wireless services in accordance
`with a selection process which is sufficiently under the
`control of the end user.
`
`40
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`A fundamental objective of the subject invention is to
`overcome the deficiencies of the prior art by providing a
`truly omni-modal wireless product and method which is
`adaptive to the selectively variable desires of the end user.
`Another more specific object of the subject invention in
`the provision of a product which would be capable of
`utilizing any one of the wireless data services within a given
`geographic area based on a user determined criteria such as:
`(1) the cost of sending a data message, (2) the quality of
`45 transmission link (signal strength, interference actual or
`potential), (3) the potential for being dropped from the
`system (is service provider at near full capacity), ( 4) the
`security of transmission, (5) any special criteria which the
`user could variably program into his omni-modal wireless
`50 product based on the user's desires or (6) any one or more
`combinations of the above features that are preprogramned,
`changed or overridden by the user.
`Yet another object of the subject invention is to provide an
`omni-modal wireless product which would allow for enor-
`55 mous product differentiation. For example original equip(cid:173)
`ment manufacturers (OEM's) could provide specialized
`interface features for the end user. Each OEM could provide
`specialized hardware controls appropriate for various user
`groups.
`Another object of the subject invention is to provide an
`omni-modal wireless product which can allow for adaptive
`service provider selection based on user experience with
`specific service providers.
`A more specific object of the subject invention is to
`provide an omni-modal wireless product which would have
`the effect of inducing intense competition for customers
`among various wireless data service providers based on
`
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`

`5,854,985
`
`4
`FIG. 2 is a block schematic diagram of an advanced
`cellular telephone implemented using an omni-modal radio
`communications circuit according to the present invention;
`FIG. 3 is a block schematic diagram of a personal
`communicator implemented using an omni-modal radio
`communications circuit according to the present invention;
`FIG. 4A is a plan view of the front of a data transmission
`and display radiotelephone implemented using an omni(cid:173)
`compatible radio communications circuit;
`FIG. 4B is a plan view of the back of a data transmission
`and display radiotelephone implemented using an omni(cid:173)
`compatible radio communications circuit;
`FIG. 5 is a block schematic diagram of a telephone/pager
`15 implemented using the present omni-modal radio commu-
`nications circuit;
`FIG. 6A is a block schematic diagram of a dual mode
`cellular/cordless landline telephone implemented using the
`present omni-modal radio communications circuit;
`FIG. 6B is a flowchart showing a method of operation of
`a dual mode cellular/cordless landline telephone according
`to the present invention;
`FIG. 7 is a block schematic diagram of a personal
`computer incorporating an omni-modal radio communica-
`25 tions circuit;
`FIG. 8 is a block schematic diagram of a special purpose
`radio data transmitting device implemented using an omni(cid:173)
`modal radio communications circuit;
`FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a radio system selection
`method by which information carriers are selected according
`to varying specified criteria;
`FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a method of broadcasting
`local carrier information to facilitate carrier selection by
`35 customers for a particular information transmission task;
`FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a handshake sequence for
`arranging information transmission using the omni-modal
`device of the present invention;
`FIG.12 is a plan view of a modular implementation of the
`40 omni-modal radio communications circuit of the present
`invention installed in a cellular telephone;
`FIG.13 is a plan view of a modular implementation of the
`omni-modal radio communications circuit of the present
`45 invention installed in a personal computer;
`FIG. 14 is a block schematic diagram showing a system
`for relaying paging signals to the omni-modal device of the
`present invention using a cellular telephone system; and
`FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing a method of relaying
`50 paging signals to the omni-modal device of the present
`invention.
`
`3
`quality of service and price by allowing the user to easily
`and conveniently identify the service providers that best
`meet the user's performance requirements.
`Another object of the invention is to provide a network of
`omni-modal wireless products and service providers which 5
`is designed to provide the most business and profit making
`potential to the service providers who best meet the varying
`demands of the greatest number of omni-modal wireless
`product users.
`Still another objective of the subject invention is to 10
`promote and encourage introduction of innovative technol(cid:173)
`ogy which will satisfy the desires of end users to receive the
`best possible quality wireless service at the lowest possible
`cost by promoting real time adaptive price and service
`competition among cell service providers.
`Another objective of the subject invention is to allow
`wireless service providers to broadcast electronically as part
`of any "handshaking" procedure with a omni-modal wireless
`product information such as (1) rate information and (2)
`information regarding system operating characteristics such 20
`as percent of system capacity in use and/or likelihood of
`being dropped.
`Still another objective of the subject invention is to create
`a user oriented source enrollment and billing service in the
`wireless data market by establishing uniform standard for
`"handshakes" to occur between cell service providers and
`omni-modal wireless products.
`A more specific object of the invention is to provide a
`standard chip or chipset including a radio transceiver spe- 30
`cifically designed to be used in all types of omni-modal
`wireless products.
`A still more specific object of the invention is to provide
`a standard radio chip or chipset adapted for use in all types
`of omni-modal wireless products including a variety of
`operational modes including operation on the U.S. public
`analog cellular telephone network (AMPS).
`Still another object of the invention is to provide a
`standard radio chip or chipset for use in all types of
`omni-modal wireless products including circuitry for both
`voice and data communications over AMPS. Other sup(cid:173)
`ported communications protocols would include CDPD
`which is a packet data service based on the AMPS network.
`These objects and others are achieved in the present
`invention by an omni-modal radio circuit implemented by a
`standard radio computing chip or chipset which can serve as
`a computer (special or general purpose), or as an interface to
`a general purpose personal computer. The chip preferably
`includes a modem and associated processing circuits. So that
`it can perform at least basic processing functions such as
`displaying data, accepting input, etc., the chip may also
`incorporate at least a basic microprocessor. The processor
`may provide only predetermined functions, accessible
`through a standard applications programming interface, or in
`more advanced designs the processor can run other software 55
`or firmware added by the product maker. Exemplary pro(cid:173)
`cessor functions of the chip include radio network interface
`control ( call placement, call answering), voice connection,
`data transmission, and data input/output. The chip can be
`used to implement a variety of omni-modal devices and can 60
`provide computing resources to operate fundamental com(cid:173)
`munications programs.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`FIGS. lA and lB are block schematic diagrams of an 65
`omni-modal radio communications circuit according to the
`present invention;
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
`A preferred embodiment of a standardized radio process(cid:173)
`ing circuit 1 is shown in FIGS. lA and lB. The standardized
`radio processing circuit 1, shown in FIGS. lA and lB taken
`together, may be implemented on a single VLSI chip or on
`a set of VLSI chips making up a chipset. As will be seen, this
`chip or chipset provides a standard building block which can
`be used to make a plurality of consumer products that
`provide data transmission capability. As will be seen later
`with reference to FIGS. 2 through 8, by adding minimal
`external components to the standardized circuit 1, a wide
`variety of products can be produced. Also, as will be seen,
`the standardized circuit 1 can be advantageously imple(cid:173)
`mented on a removable card with a standardized interface
`
`Ex.1007
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`

`

`5,854,985
`
`10
`
`6
`library functions) may include the following: Select RF
`modulation frequency; select RF modulation protocol; select
`data formatting/conditioning protocol; transmit data in input
`stream using selected network and protocol; select output;
`5 select input; select data/voice mode; answer call; generate
`DTMF tones and transmit on selected network; scan for
`control channels/available systems; obtain cost information
`for current selected system; obtain cost information for all
`systems; obtain operating quality information for current
`system; obtain operating quality information for all systems;
`request transmission channel in system; obtain signal
`strength for current channel; obtain signal strength for all
`active systems; and initiate a transmission on the selected
`network.
`
`5
`connector or connectors, so that it can then be selectively
`inserted into and removed from a variety of devices to
`provide the devices with radio information transmission
`capability.
`In terms of the preferred functional and operational char(cid:173)
`acteristics of circuit 1, it is particularly significant that this
`circuit provides a multi-modal or omni-modal communica(cid:173)
`tions capability. That is, circuit 1 can be adjusted by the user,
`or automatically under stored program control, to transfer
`information over at least two different radio communications
`networks, and preferably all networks available in a particu(cid:173)
`lar area within the frequency range of the transceiver of
`circuit 1.
`Examples of radio communications networks which cir(cid:173)
`cuit 1 may be designed to use include commercial paging
`15 er!Io~i!~n~hi?:nao~:~~r:~~:~r:t!~od~:~=~fc:tfi:f;:~:~
`networks; the U.S. cellular telephone network or Advanced
`frequency (RF) circuit. In the example shown, the RF circuit
`Mobile Phone System (AMPS); alternative cellular tele(cid:173)
`includes antenna 2, diplexer 4, amplifier 6, transmit mixer 8,
`phone network standards such as the European standard;
`receiver mixer 10, programmable local oscillator 12, modu-
`digitally modulated radiotelephone systems operating under
`20 lation selector switches 14 and 16, analog detector(cid:173)
`various encoding techniques such as TDMA, CDMA,
`demodulator 18, digital demodulator 20, analog modulator
`E-TDMA, and BCDMA; Cellular Digital Packet Data
`22, digital modulator 24, voice grade channel output 26,
`(CDPD); Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio (ESMR);
`digital output 28, voice grade channel input 30, and digital
`ARDIS; Personal Cellular Systems (PCS); RAM; global
`input 32.
`positioning systems; FM networks which transmit stock
`Voice grade channel output 26 is connected to analog
`prices or other information on subcarriers; satellite-based 25
`detector-demodulator 18 and digital output 28 is connected
`networks; cordless landline telephones (such as 49 Mhz and
`to digital demodulator 20. Analog detector-demodulator 18
`particularly 900 Mhz systems); and wireless LAN systems.
`Preferably, circuit 1 is also designed to use the landline/
`and digital demodulator 20 are selectively connected to
`public switched telephone network (PS1N).
`receiver mixer 10 through switch 14. Receiver mixer 10 is
`connected to both local oscillator 12 and diplexer 4.
`As another feature, the omni-modal circuit 1 may perform 30
`Diplexer 4 is connected to antenna 2. These components
`local positioning calculations to accurately determine its
`provide radio frequency receive circuitry that allows selec(cid:173)
`location by monitoring precisely synchronized timing sig(cid:173)
`tive reception and demodulation of both analog and digitally
`nals which may be broadcast by cell sites for this purpose.
`modulated radio signals.
`If such timing signals were provided, the omni-modal circuit
`1 could receive the signals, determine the relative time delay 35
`Voice grade channel input 30 is connected to analog
`modulator 22 and digital input 32 is connected to digital
`in receiving at least three such signals from different trans(cid:173)
`modulator 24. Analog modulator 22 and digital modulator
`mitter locations, and triangulate to determine the distance of
`24 are selectively connected to transmit mixer 8 through
`the omni-modal circuit to each of the transmitters. If the
`omni-modal circuit 1 is installed in a vehicle, this informa(cid:173)
`switch 16. Transmit mixer 8 is connected to both local
`tion may be used to determine the location of the vehicle. 40 oscillator 12 and amplifier 6. Amplifier 6 is connected to
`diplexer 4 and diplexer 4 is connected to antenna 2. These
`As will be seen, for each system which can be accessed
`components comprise radio frequency transmit circuitry for
`by circuit 1, appropriate cross connections are provided
`selective transmission of analog or digitally modulated radio
`between the radio circuit or landline interface, as selected,
`signals.
`and voice or data sources and destinations. The appropriate
`The operation of the omni-modal radio communication
`cross connections are established under program control and 45
`RF circuit shown in FIG. lA will now be described in more
`include conversions between digital and analog signal forms
`detail. Antenna 2 serves to both receive and transmit radio
`at appropriate points in cases where a signal in one form is
`signals. Antenna 2 is of a design suitable for the frequency
`to be transmitted using a method for which a different signal
`form is appropriate. The operating parameters of the trans(cid:173)
`presently being received or transmitted by the RF circuit. In
`the preferred embodiment, antenna 2 may be an antenna
`ceiver may be optimized by a digital signal processor for 50
`suitable for receiving and transmitting in a broad range
`either voice or data transmission.
`about 900 Mhz. However, different antennas may be pro(cid:173)
`In addition, a library of command, control and data
`vided to permit different transceiver ranges, including
`transmission protocols appropriate for each supported sys(cid:173)
`dipole, yagi, whip, micro-strip, slotted array, parabolic
`tem may be included in circuit 1, and the device can
`reflector, or horn antennas in appropriate cases.
`implement the correct protocols by consulting a lookup table 55
`Diplexer 4 allows antenna 2 to receive broadcast radio
`during transmissions to obtain the data channel protocols
`signals and to transmit the received signals to the demodu(cid:173)
`appropriate to the system selected. In another embodiment,
`lators 18 and 20, and to allow modulated radio signals from
`the library of command, control, and data transmission
`modulators 22 and 24 to be transmitted over antenna 2.
`protocols may be replaced, or supplemented, by information
`Diplexer 4 is designed so that signals received from ampli(cid:173)
`transmitted over the radio frequencies to the device by the 60
`carrier, or information downloaded from a hardwired con(cid:173)
`fier 6 will be propagated only to antenna 2, while signals
`received from antenna 2 will only be propagated to receiver
`nection to another device. Flash memory, EEPROMs, or
`non-volatile RAM can be used to store program information,
`mixer 10. Diplexer 4 thus prevents powerful signals from
`amplifier 6 from overloading and destroy