(12) United States Patent
`Xin
`
`USOO690126OB1
`(10) Patent No.:
`US 6,901,260 B1
`(45) Date of Patent:
`May 31, 2005
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`EP
`O 978728 A1
`9/2000
`WO
`WO 99/54753
`10/1999
`* cited by examiner
`
`(54) DIFFERENTIAL GPS AND/OR GLONASS
`WITH WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
`CAPABILITY
`(75) Inventor: Wayne Xin, Aliso Viejo, CA (US)
`(73) Assignee: Lucent Technologies Inc., Murray Hill,
`NJ (US)
`
`(*) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`Primary Examiner David Hudspeth
`ASSistant Examiner S. Smith
`(57)
`ABSTRACT
`A differential GPS or GLONASS system (collectively
`referred to herein as a GPS system) is implemented for use
`(21) Appl. No.: 09/518,678
`by a base Station of a wireless telephone system (e.g., by a
`cellular telephone base station). Using the differential GPS
`(22) Filed:
`Mar. 3, 2000
`System, a differential location correction factor is deter
`(51) Int. Cl. ........................... H04Q 7/20, H04B 7/185
`it. E. t syst tly:s loca
`(52) U.S. Cl. ................................ 4ss456.1455,422.1
`ton signal and a known fixed location of a
`system
`455/404.1, 342/357.06: 342/357.1
`receiver for the base station. A differential GPS correction
`(8) Field of St..... EAEPE
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`(56)
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`422.1 404 1. 42/357 O 357 O2 357 03.
`• us 357.04 357 05.357 06.357.1 35s
`• Yu is
`• Yu as
`V / 3
`• us
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`cellular telephones to improve the accuracy of location
`information independently measured by GPS receivers
`located in each of the cellular telephones. The differential
`GPS signal may be used to increase the accuracy of the GPS
`References Cited
`System, whatever the current accuracy of the GPS System,
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`allowing practical implementation of an emergency tele
`phone System Such as a 911 System using a wireleSS System
`6,246,376 B1 * 6/2001 Bork et al. ................. 343/760
`6,275,707 B1 * 8/2001 Reed et al. .............. E, such as a cellular telephone system.
`6,295.455 B1 * 9/2001 Fischer et al. ........... 455/456.2
`6,580,372 B1 * 6/2003 Harris ..................... 340/686.6
`19 Claims, 3 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`DIFFERENTAL
`GPS CORRECTION
`FACTOR
`
`CELUAR
`TELEPHONE
`FUNCTIONALTY
`
`200
`
`GPS
`POSITIONING
`FUNCTIONALITY
`
`Petitioner Uber Ex-1030, 0001
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`

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`U.S. Patent
`
`May 31, 2005
`
`Sheet 1 of 3
`
`US 6,901260 B1
`
`FIC. 1
`
`
`
`
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`REDETERMINED
`LOCATION
`COORDINATES
`
`04
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`DIFFERENTAL
`GPS CORRECTION
`FACTOR
`
`-102
`
`GPS
`RECEIVER
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`O6
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`BASE SAION
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`Petitioner Uber Ex-1030, 0002
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`U.S. Patent
`
`May 31, 2005
`
`Sheet 2 of 3
`
`US 6,901,260 B1
`
`FIG. 2
`
`
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`DEFFERENTIAL
`GPS CORRECTION
`FACTOR
`
`CEL UAR
`TELEPHONE
`FUNCTIONALTY
`
`200
`
`GPS
`POSITIONING
`FUNCTIONALITY
`
`Petitioner Uber Ex-1030, 0003
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`U.S. Patent
`
`May 31, 2005
`
`Sheet 3 of 3
`
`US 6,901260 B1
`
`FIG. 3
`PRIOR ART
`
`
`
`CELLULAR
`TELEPHONE
`FUNCTIONALITY
`
`GPS
`POSITIONING
`FUNCTIONALITY
`
`302
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`304
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`Petitioner Uber Ex-1030, 0004
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`US 6,901260 B1
`
`1
`DIFFERENTIAL GPS AND/OR GLONASS
`WITH WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
`CAPABILITY
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`2
`particular time. In a wide-open area, a 10-15 meter accuracy
`is close enough for emergency perSonnel to locate the calling
`party. However, in many situations (e.g., in a crowded
`building, on a crowded Street, etc.), a 15 meter may not
`direct emergency perSonnel.
`To make matters worse, a GPS system may be adjusted to
`have less accuracy, e.g., about 100 meters (e.g., 300 feet).
`For instance, in the United States, the Department of
`Defense may adjust the GPS system using selective avail
`ability (SA) to have a less precise accuracy at any time (e.g.,
`when the national interest outweighs commercial use of the
`GPS system).
`Thus, the accuracy of the location of the user transmitted
`during a 911 call is limited to the accuracy of the GPS
`System at any one time. Moreover, as the accuracy of the
`GPS System is manipulated, So is the ability of emergency
`perSonnel to quickly locate perSons making 911 telephone
`calls from GPS equipped cellular telephones. During Such
`times, use of a GPS system to provide location information
`to emergency perSonnel during a 911 telephone call becomes
`Somewhat impractical or useleSS.
`There is a need for a wireleSS telephone System Such as a
`cellular telephone System which is capable of transmitting
`more accurate location information to a called party or other
`emergency personnel not only when the GPS and/or Global
`Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) systems are oper
`ating in a less accurate mode, but also when the GPS and/or
`GLONASS Systems are operating in a typical accuracy
`mode (e.g., 10–15 meters).
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`In accordance with the principles of the present invention,
`in a wireleSS communications System, a base Station location
`determining System comprises a Satellite positioning System
`receiver, predetermined location coordinates of the Satellite
`positioning System receiver, and a module which determines
`a difference between a location Signal received by the
`Satellite positioning System receiver and the predetermined
`location coordinates.
`A method of improving an accuracy of a received navi
`gational Satellite signal in a cellular telephone handset in
`accordance with another aspect of the present invention
`compriseS receiving location information from a naviga
`tional satellite system. A differential GPS correction signal
`relating to an error in the received location information is
`received. The location information and the differential GPS
`correction signal are combined to generate highly accurate
`location information.
`A navigational System in accordance with the principles
`of the present invention comprises a Satellite positioning
`System receiver, a a wireleSS communications front end, and
`a module adapted to output a corrected location signal
`comprising a location Signal received by the Satellite posi
`tioning System receiver and a correction factor received by
`the wireleSS communications front end.
`A method of increasing accuracy of a navigational Satel
`lite System in a wireleSS communications device in accor
`dance with yet another aspect of the present invention
`compriseS receiving using cellular telephone functionality of
`the wireless communications device a differential GPS cor
`rection signal containing a location correction factor. A
`location of the wireleSS communications device is deter
`mined using a navigational Satellite System portion of the
`wireleSS communications device. The location correction
`factor is combined with the determined location of the
`wireleSS communications device.
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`1. Field of the Invention
`This invention relates generally to wireleSS Systems. More
`particularly, it relates to a wireless telephone System (e.g., a
`cellular telephone) which transmits location information to
`a called party.
`2. Background of Related Art
`WireleSS telephone Systems are becoming available
`everywhere, and are now in wide use by many people. A
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`wireleSS telephone System Such as a cellular telephone
`System allows users to make and receive telephone calls via
`a portable handset.
`Many cellular telephone Systems provide a public Service
`by allowing a user to dial Special telephone numbers to, e.g.,
`report traffic accidents, call police, etc. Perhaps most impor
`tantly cellular telephone Systems allow a user to dial an
`emergency telephone number Such as 911.
`In a wireline System, a 911 telephone call includes call
`related information to the called party (e.g., a street address
`of the caller) allowing emergency personnel to rapidly arrive
`at the correct address. Address information is transmitted in
`a 911 capable System to the called emergency center regard
`less of the ability of the caller to Speak, giving emergency
`perSonnel crucial identity and address information even in
`the most extreme emergency cases where the caller is unable
`to Speak.
`The functions of 911 systems have become well known in
`the wireline telephone System, but use of a 911 call using a
`wireleSS telephone Such as a cellular telephone presents its
`own challenges. For instance, Since cellular telephones are
`able to roam just about anywhere, address information is not
`indicative of the location of the cellular telephone at any one
`time. Thus, at best, when a 911 call is placed in conventional
`cellular telephone Systems the location of the fixed compo
`nent of the cellular telephone System, i.e., the location of the
`base Station Servicing the cellular telephone at the time of the
`911 telephone call, is all the location information that can be
`transmitted to the emergency perSonnel. However, Since
`base Stations usually Service cellular telephones within a
`very large area (e.g., many Square miles), a 911 System is
`rather impractical using conventional cellular telephones.
`A conventional Solution which provides more useful
`location information to a called party includes a global
`positioning satellite (GPS) within a cellular telephone hand
`set. FIG.3 shows such a conventional cellular telephone 300
`including cellular telephone functionality 302 combined
`with a GPS system 304. Using the GPS system in the cellular
`handset, location information can be determined using the
`GPS, then transmitted to a called party during a 911 tele
`phone call.
`A 911 System in a cellular telephone System carries great
`potential. For instance, a caller who is moving may stay on
`the line while emergency perSonnel are en route to reach
`them, and the cellular telephone may provide updated loca
`tion information to the emergency perSonnel as the 911
`caller moves.
`Ordinarily, a GPS system is at best accurate to about
`10-15 meters (e.g., 30 to 45 feet). Certain factors such as
`what is known as the ionosphere delay effect can affect the
`accuracy of the GPS System in any particular location at any
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`Petitioner Uber Ex-1030, 0005
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`3
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`Features and advantages of the present invention will
`become apparent to those skilled in the art from the follow
`ing description with reference to the drawings, in which:
`FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the relevant portion of a
`wireleSS System base Station showing the combination of
`predetermined location coordinates Such as longitude,
`latitude, and/or altitude, with information received by a
`navigational Satellite System receiver Such as a GPS or
`GLONASS receiver, to formulate a differential GPS correc
`tion factor for use by cellular telephones, in accordance with
`the principles of the present invention.
`FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a wireleSS communications
`device Such as a cellular telephone including a storage area
`for a differential GPS correction factor received using cel
`lular telephone functionality, and the combination of the
`differential GPS correction factor with a location determined
`by a GPS system, in accordance with the principles of the
`present invention.
`FIG.3 shows a conventional cellular telephone including
`cellular telephone functionality combined with a GPS sys
`tem.
`
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`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE
`EMBODIMENTS
`The present invention relates to the implementation of a
`differential GPS or GLONASS system (collectively referred
`to herein as a GPS system) for use by a base station of a
`wireless telephone system (e.g., by a cellular telephone base
`station). The differential GPS system may be implemented
`in a base Station or other convenient location for use by the
`base Station in Servicing users in communication with the
`base station. Using the differential GPS system, a differential
`location correction factor is determined based on a differ
`ence between a received GPS location Signal and a known
`fixed location of a GPS system receiver for the base station.
`A differential GPS correction signal containing the correc
`tion factor is transmitted to any or all cellular telephone
`users of that base Station to allow the cellular telephones to
`improve the accuracy of location information independently
`measured by GPS receivers located in each of the cellular
`telephones. The differential GPS correction signal may be
`transmitted using a voice channel or a control channel of a
`particular connection, or using a separate broadcast channel
`to all users.
`In accordance with the principles of the present invention,
`the differential GPS correction signal containing the correc
`tion factor is received by the cellular functionality of a
`cellular telephone, and combined with the location informa
`tion determined by the GPS functionality of the cellular
`telephone, to provide highly accurate location information
`determined by the cellular telephone.
`The differential GPS signal may be used to increase the
`accuracy of the GPS System, whatever the current accuracy
`of the GPS System, allowing practical implementation of an
`emergency telephone System Such as a 911 System using a
`wireleSS System Such as a cellular telephone System.
`AS integrated circuit (IC) technology becomes more
`advanced, it has become possible to combine the base-band
`functions (and maybe even the RF functions in the future) of
`both a cellular telephone and a GPS receiver into the same
`or a Small number of ICs, which in turn are implemented into
`a cellular telephone/GPS handset. Such cellular telephone
`handsets include both cellular telephone functions and/or
`GPS system related services. For instance, the GPS portion
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`US 6,901260 B1
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`of the cellular telephone/GPS handset may be used for
`providing conventionally accurate (e.g., 10–15 meters) loca
`tion information for use in, e.g., hiking, bicycling, or other
`travels.
`In accordance with the principles of the present invention,
`when using the cellular telephone/GPS handset as a cellular
`telephone, a base Station (e.g., the base Station in commu
`nication with the cellular telephone/GPS handset) transmits
`a differential GPS correction signal to the cellular telephone/
`GPS handset to correct for inaccuracy in GPS signals
`which are independently received by the cellular telephone/
`GPS handset.
`Furthermore, the invention relates to the implementation
`of a differential GPS device using a correction factor
`received over a wireless communications System (e.g., using
`a cellular telephone channel) to improve the accuracy of the
`GPS System to, e.g., within a few meters or less.
`FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the relevant portion of a
`wireleSS System base Station showing the combination of
`predetermined location coordinates Such as longitude,
`latitude, and/or altitude, with information received by a
`navigational Satellite System receiver Such as a GPS or
`GLONASS receiver, to formulate a differential GPS correc
`tion factor for use by cellular telephones, in accordance with
`the principles of the present invention.
`In particular, in FIG. 1, a base station 102 of a wireless
`communications System (e.g., a cellular telephone System)
`includes a navigational Satellite System receiver Such as a
`GPS receiver 106. The base station 102 also includes storage
`for predetermined location coordinates 104. The predeter
`mined location coordinates 104 are determined using con
`ventional techniques, e.g., using Surveying techniques. The
`predetermined location coordinates 104 may include longi
`tude information, latitude information, and/or altitude infor
`mation regarding the precise location of the antenna of the
`GPS receiver 106.
`The longitude information, latitude information, and/or
`altitude information Stored as the predetermined location
`coordinates 104 are preferably of high accuracy, e.g., to
`within less than one (1) meter, although the particular
`accuracy of the predetermined location coordinates should
`be determined based on the particular application.
`The GPS receiver 106 of the base station 102 is preferably
`fixed, i.e., not movable, Such that the predetermined location
`coordinates 104 will not change.
`A differential GPS correction factor 100 is determined by
`the base station 102 based on a difference between location
`information received by the fixed GPS receiver 106 at the
`base Station 102 and the known, highly accurate location
`information Stored in the predetermined location coordinates
`104 of the base station 102. This differential GPS correction
`factor 100 is transmitted to any or all cellular telephone
`handsets including GPS positioning capability Serviced by
`the base Station.
`FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a wireleSS communications
`device Such as a cellular telephone 200 including a Storage
`area for a differential GPS correction factor 220 received
`using cellular telephone functionality, and the combination
`of the differential GPS correction factor 220 with a location
`determined by a GPS system, in accordance with the prin
`ciples of the present invention.
`In particular, the differential GPS correction factor 100
`transmitted by the base station 102 is received by cellular
`telephone functionality 202 in a cellular telephone 200 and
`stored in an appropriate location. The differential GPS
`correction factor 220 is combined with current location
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`Petitioner Uber Ex-1030, 0006
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`

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`S
`information determined by a GPS system 204 using an
`appropriate combiner 210 to provide highly accurate loca
`tion information to the cellular telephone module 202. The
`cellular telephone module 202 may use the highly accurate
`location information, e.g., to provide exact location infor
`mation to emergency perSonnel using, e.g., a 911 emergency
`telephone call. The highly accurate location information
`may be transmitted to the emergency bureau either in using
`the Voice channel and/or a control channel.
`The differential GPS correction factor 100 may be trans
`mitted by the base station 102 to all active cellular tele
`phones 200. Alternatively, the differential GPS correction
`factor 100 may be reserved for use by users of the wireless
`communications System only for particular needs, e.g., dur
`ing 911 telephone calls.
`Moreover, the differential GPS correction factor 100 may
`be transmitted any number of times to a particular user's
`cellular telephone 200. For instance, the differential GPS
`correction factor 100 may be transmitted to the cellular
`telephone/GPS receiver 200 once with respect to any par
`ticular telephone call. For instance, the differential GPS
`correction factor 100 may be transmitted to the cellular
`telephone 200 during call setup with the base station 102, or
`at Some other appropriate time during the telephone call. The
`differential GPS correction factor 100 determined by the
`base station 102 is stored in an appropriate location 220 in
`the cellular telephone 200. A one-time transmission of the
`differential GPS correction factor 100 (with respect to a
`Single telephone call) may be appropriate if the accuracy of
`the GPS System in general is not frequently changing.
`Alternatively, a broadcast channel can be used to periodi
`cally or otherwise transmit the differential GPS correction
`factor 100.
`If the accuracy of the GPS system is subject to frequent
`changes, it may be preferred that the differential GPS
`correction factor 100 be transmitted to active cellular
`telephone/GPS receivers 200 on a more frequent basis, e.g.,
`periodically during any particular telephone call (e.g., dur
`ing 911 telephone calls). For instance, the differential GPS
`correction factor 100 may be calculated by the base station
`102 periodically (e.g., once every Second, once every few
`Seconds, etc.), and transmitted to any or all cellular tele
`phones 200 active at that time. Thus, more frequent changes
`in the accuracy of the GPS System due, e.g., to Selective
`availability, changes in the ionosphere delay effect, etc., can
`be accommodated in accordance with the principles of the
`present invention to provide a cellular telephone handset 200
`with highly accurate location information for use by, e.g.,
`emergency perSonnel in relation to a 911 telephone call.
`Use of the present invention is not limited to transmission
`of location information for the purposes of an emergency
`telephone call or for the implementation of a differential
`GPS system. Indeed, the principles of the present invention
`can be utilized to provide improved location information in
`a variety of applications, e.g., to transmit a location of a
`child using the telephone to a parent at the opposite end of
`a telephone call.
`The disclosed embodiments were described with respect
`to a differential GPS correction factor 100 determined by a
`Servicing base Station 102 in a wireleSS communications
`System. However, the principles of the present invention
`relate equally to a differential GPS correction factor 100
`determined by a device separate from the base station 102
`and communicated to the base station 102 for relay to active
`cellular telephones 200.
`A database of geological corrections may also be made
`available to a servicing or other base station 102 in a
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`US 6,901260 B1
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`wireleSS telephone System to enable an even more accurate
`differential GPS correction factor 100 to be transmitted for
`Storage and/or use in correcting location information deter
`mined by a cellular telephone/GPS receiver 200.
`While the invention has been described with reference to
`the exemplary embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art
`will be able to make various modifications to the described
`embodiments of the invention without departing from the
`true Spirit and Scope of the invention.
`What is claimed is:
`1. In a wireleSS communications System, a location deter
`mining System comprising:
`a first GPS receiver in a fixed location relative to base
`station, exact location coordinates of Said first GPS
`receiver being fixed and predetermined;
`a local error determination module to determine a local
`error difference between a raw GPS location deter
`mined by said first GPS receiver and said predeter
`mined exact location coordinates,
`a second GPS receiver in a mobile device;
`a combiner to combine Said local error difference with a
`raw GPS location signal determined by said mobile
`device to produce an error corrected GPS location
`Signal accurate to within a few meters, and
`a transmitter for transmitting said error corrected GPS
`location signal from Said mobile device during a tele
`phone call.
`2. In a wireleSS communications System, a location deter
`mining System according to claim 1, wherein:
`said first GPS receiver and said second GPS receiver
`operate in a GLONASS system.
`3. In a wireleSS communications System, a location deter
`mining System according to claim 1, further comprising:
`a database containing at least one geological correction
`with respect to Said determination of Said local error
`difference.
`4. In a wireleSS communications System, a location deter
`mining System according to claim 1, wherein Said mobile
`device comprises:
`a cellular telephone handset.
`5. In a wireleSS communications System, a location deter
`mining System according to claim 1, wherein Said local error
`difference comprises:
`a longitude difference, and
`a latitude difference.
`6. In a wireleSS communications System, a location deter
`mining System according to claim 5, wherein Said local error
`difference further comprises:
`an altitude difference.
`7. A method of improving an accuracy of a GPS location
`in a wireleSS handset, comprising:
`receiving location information from a navigational Satel
`lite system to determine a mobile GPS location in said
`wireleSS handset,
`determining a local GPS error difference based on a
`difference between a raw GPS location determined by
`a fixed GPS receiver, and known exact location coor
`dinates of Said fixed GPS receiver;
`transmitting wirelessly said local GPS error difference
`from a base Station to Said wireleSS handset,
`combining at said wireless handset a raw GPS location
`determined by said mobile GPS location and said local
`GPS error difference to generate an error corrected GPS
`location signal accurate to within a few meters, and
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`Petitioner Uber Ex-1030, 0007
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`

`

`7
`transmitting Said error corrected GPS location signal from
`Said wireleSS handset during a telephone call.
`8. The method of improving an accuracy of a GPS
`location in a wireleSS handset according to claim 7, further
`comprising:
`transmitting Said highly accurate location information
`from Said wireleSS handset to a called party during an
`emergency telephone call.
`9. The method of improving an accuracy of GPS location
`in a wireleSS handset according to claim 8, wherein:
`Said emergency telephone call is an E-911 telephone call.
`10. Apparatus for improving an accuracy of a GPS
`location in a wireleSS handset, comprising:
`means for receiving location information from a naviga
`tional satellite system to determine a mobile GPS
`location in Said wireleSS handset,
`means for determining a local GPS error difference based
`on a difference between a raw GPS location determined
`by a fixed GPS receiver, and known exact location
`coordinates of said fixed GPS receiver;
`means for transmitting wirelessly said local GPS error
`difference from a base Station to Said wireleSS handset,
`means for combining at said wireless handset a raw GPS
`location determined by said mobile GPS location and
`said local GPS error difference to generate an error
`corrected GPS location signal accurate to within a few
`meters, and
`means for transmitting Said error corrected GPS location
`Signal from Said wireleSS handset during a telephone
`call.
`11. The apparatus for improving an accuracy of a GPS
`location in a wireleSS handset according to claim 10, further
`comprising:
`means for transmitting Said highly accurate location infor
`mation from Said wireleSS handset to a called party
`during an emergency telephone call.
`12. The apparatus for improving an accuracy of a GPS
`location in a wireleSS handset according to claim 11,
`wherein:
`Said emergency telephone call is an E-911 telephone call.
`13. A method of increasing accuracy of a navigational
`Satellite System in a mobile wireleSS communications
`device, comprising:
`receiving using cellular telephone functionality of Said
`mobile wireleSS communications device a local error
`difference;
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`US 6,901260 B1
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`determining a raw GPS location of said mobile wireless
`communications device using a GPS System in Said
`wireleSS communications device;
`combining Said local error difference with Said deter
`mined raw GPS location of Said mobile wireless com
`munications device to produce an error corrected GPS
`location signal accurate to within a few meters, and
`transmitting Said error corrected GPS location signal from
`Said mobile wireleSS communication device during a
`telephone call.
`14. The method of increasing accuracy of a navigational
`Satellite System in a mobile wireleSS communications device
`according to claim 13, wherein Said local error difference
`comprises:
`a longitude correction; and
`a latitude correction.
`15. The method of increasing accuracy of a navigational
`Satellite System in a mobile wireleSS communications device
`according to claim 14, wherein Said local error difference
`further comprises:
`an altitude correction.
`16. A mobile wireleSS device, comprising:
`a Satellite positioning System receiver;
`a wireleSS communications front end; and
`a combiner module adapted to combine a local error
`difference with a raw GPS location signal determined
`by Said mobile wireleSS device to produce an error
`corrected GPS location signal accurate to within a few
`meters, and to output during a telephone call Said error
`corrected GPS location signal from said mobile wire
`leSS device, Said local error difference being determined
`external to Said mobile wireless device by a fixed GPS
`receiver and wirelessly transmitted to Said mobile wire
`leSS device.
`17. The mobile wireless device according to claim 16,
`wherein:
`Said local error difference includes longitude and latitude
`information.
`18. The mobile wireless device according to claim 16,
`wherein:
`Said Satellite positioning System receiver is a GPS
`receiver.
`19. The mobile wireless device according to claim 16,
`wherein:
`Said wireleSS communications front end is a cellular
`telephone.
`
`Petitioner Uber Ex-1030, 0008
`
`