(19) United States
`(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2004/0008138A1
`Hockley, JR. et al.
`(43) Pub. Date:
`Jan. 15, 2004
`
`US 20040008138A1
`
`(54) APPARATUS AND METHOD OF POSITION
`DETERMINATION USING SHARED
`INFORMATION
`(76) Inventors: George O. Hockley JR., Campbell, CA
`(US); Leonid Sheynblat, Hillsborough,
`CA (US)
`Correspondence Address:
`Qualcomm Incorporated
`Patents Department
`5775 Morehouse Drive
`San Diego, CA 92.121-1714 (US)
`(21) Appl. No.:
`10/335,753
`(22) Filed:
`Jan. 2, 2003
`Related U.S. Application Data
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/396.344, filed on Jul.
`15, 2002.
`
`Publication Classification
`
`(51) Int. Cl. .................................................... G01S 5/14
`
`(52) U.S. Cl. ...................................... 342/357.09; 342/464
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`A hybrid position determination System is disclosed. A
`mobile device may determine a number of pseudo ranges
`based on a first position determination System, Such as a
`Global Positioning System. In instances where the position
`of the mobile device is underdetermined because of an
`insufficient number of Satellite pseudo ranges, the mobile
`device shares position information with other devices. The
`other devices may include other mobile devices. A first
`mobile device may determine its position based on an
`underdetermined number of Satellite pseudo ranges by deter
`mining pseudo ranges to other mobile devices. In other
`embodiments, the number of Satellite pseudo ranges may be
`insufficient to generate an absolute position determination of
`a single mobile device. In this underdetermined condition,
`mobile devices may determine a common location of the
`group or may determine a relative positioning of members of
`the group.
`
`Fixed Location
`Devices
`
`
`
`140
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`Petitioner Uber Ex-1006, 0001
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`Patent Application Publication Jan. 15, 2004 Sheet 3 of 10
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`Patent Application Publication Jan. 15, 2004 Sheet 5 of 10
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`Patent Application Publication Jan. 15, 2004 Sheet 6 of 10
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`Patent Application Publication Jan. 15, 2004 Sheet 8 of 10
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`Petitioner Uber Ex-1006, 0009
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`

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`Patent Application Publication Jan. 15, 2004 Sheet 9 of 10
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`22
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`Petitioner Uber Ex-1006, 0010
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`

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`Patent Application Publication Jan. 15, 2004 Sheet 10 of 10 US 2004/0008138A1
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`US 2004/0008138A1
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`Jan. 15, 2004
`
`APPARATUS AND METHOD OF POSITION
`DETERMINATION USING SHARED
`INFORMATION
`
`RELATED APPLICATION
`0001. This applications claims priority to U.S. Provi
`sional Application Serial No. 60/396,344, filed on Jul. 15,
`2002.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`0002) 1. Field of the Invention
`0003. The current invention relates to the field of position
`determination. More particularly, the invention relates to
`position determination using information received from
`multiple Sources.
`0004 2. Description of the Related Art
`0005 Wireless position determination systems are used
`to determine the location of a device. Often, the device is a
`mobile or portable device that may operate from battery
`power, and the device may not be tethered to any Stationary
`location by a wired communications link.
`0006 There are a number of design concerns in a wire
`less position determination System. Position location accu
`racy is, of course, one of the concerns. System Sensitivity,
`acquisition time, and power dissipation are also design
`concerns that are addressed in a position determination
`System. Wireless position determination Systems typically
`incorporate a trade-off of design constraints in an attempt to
`obtain a relative optimization of each of the System con
`CCS.
`0007 AS wireless communication systems become more
`popular, the desire to incorporate Some type of position
`location capability has emerged. In a wireleSS communica
`tion System, Such as a wireleSS telephone System, it may be
`desirable to be able to locate the position of a mobile device
`Such as a wireleSS telephone handset. Indeed; in the United
`States, enhanced emergency wireleSS Service having the
`capability of determining the location of a handset has been
`mandated for wireless phone providers. Wireless service
`providers, in conjunction with equipment manufacturers,
`have devised a variety of position location Systems that are
`able to provide the location of a mobile device, Such as a
`portable handset. Each of these location Systems emphasizes
`different System concerns and works by differing mecha
`SS.
`0008 One position location system that may be utilized
`by a mobile device is the Global Positioning System (GPS).
`In the Global Positioning System, there are approximately
`twenty-four satellites that orbit the earth. Each of the satel
`lites transmits a carrier frequency that is modulated with a
`pseudo random noise (PRN) code sequence. The PRN code
`that is commonly used by civilian based GPS receivers is
`termed the Coarse Acquisition (C/A) code. Each satellite
`transmits a different PRN code. In the GPS, a GPS receiver
`receives the Signals from multiple Satellites and determines
`the distance from each Satellite in order to trilaterate the
`position of the receiving device.
`0009. As an example, a receiver that is approximately
`synchronized to GPS time receives a signal from a first GPS
`Satellite and demodulates the received carrier frequency to
`
`obtain the PRN code. The receiver determines a pseudo
`range, or uncorrected distance measurement, to the first
`satellite by correlating an internally generated PRN code to
`the received PRN code. The pseudo range thus defines a
`Surface of a sphere centered at the Satellite. The receiver
`determines its location by determining pseudo ranges to
`other Satellites and calculating the interSection of the corre
`sponding sphere Surfaces.
`0010 Although the accuracy of GPS position location is
`excellent for purposes of locating a handset, the time to
`acquire a first position fiX may be long, varying up to Several
`minutes. Additionally, the ability to receive Signals from a
`plurality of Satellites is impeded in environments where the
`Signals from Satellites may be occluded by the presence of
`tall structures or overhead foliage. As is known, a GPS
`typically must receive signals from at least four Satellites in
`order to determine its position accurately.
`0011) Another position location system that may be used
`by wireless phones is based on Cell-ID. Wireless phones
`register with the wireleSS System Such that the wireleSS
`System knows with which base Station the wireleSS phone is
`communicating with. Additionally, Some base Stations may
`be sectorized and the wireleSS System is able to identify a
`particular Sector of the base Station the phone is communi
`cating with. The position of a wireleSS phone may then be
`determined according to the cell or Sector in which the
`wireleSS phone is registered or communicating with. This
`type of position location Service may be inherent within
`many types of wireleSS Systems, but unfortunately only
`provides a very coarse position location that varies accord
`ing to the size of the cell.
`0012 Another position location system that may be used
`by wireless devices is Enhanced Observed Time Difference
`(E-OTD). E-OTD is a position location system that is
`optimized for use in Global System for Mobile communi
`cations (GSM) and General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
`wireleSS communication Systems. In this System, the mobile
`device monitors transmission bursts from multiple base
`Stations and measures the time shifts between the arrival of
`frames in order to determine its position. The mobile device
`must receive Signals from at least three base Stations in order
`to make a position determination. However, the E-OTD
`System requires the use of Location Measurement Units
`(LMUs) Strategically placed throughout the network in order
`to provide the System with the precise timing required to
`make the position location relatively accurate. Additionally,
`position determination may not be possible in Some Service
`areas because the mobile device cannot communicate with at
`least three base Stations.
`0013 Another position location system that may be used
`by wireless phones is Observed Time Difference of Arrival
`(OTDOA). OTDOA is a position location system that is
`optimized for use in Wideband Code Division Multiple
`Access (WCDMA) systems. The OTDOA position location
`system operates similar to the E-OTD system. The location
`of a mobile device is estimated by determining the time
`difference of arrival of communication signals from multiple
`base Stations. In addition to requiring timing units similar to
`the LMUs required in the E-OTD system, the problems
`asSociated with not communicating with a Sufficient number
`of base Stations are further aggravated by the use of
`WCDMA, which utilizes power control. Power control
`
`Petitioner Uber Ex-1006, 0012
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`US 2004/0008138A1
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`Jan. 15, 2004
`
`minimizes the transmit power required to achieve a desired
`quality of Service. Because transmit power from the base
`station is minimized, the probability that the mobile device
`is communicating with the necessary three base Stations is
`reduced.
`0.014
`Still another position location system that may be
`used by wireless phones is wireless Assisted GPS (A-GPS).
`In A-GPS, signals from GPS satellites, as well as signals
`received from base Stations in the wireleSS System, are used
`for position location. An A-GPS may be configured to
`operate in a System where the mobile device acquires
`Satellite (and other timing information), calculates pseudo
`ranges corresponding to the timing information, and sends
`the pseudo range information to an A-GPS location Server
`where the actual position of the mobile device is determined.
`In an alternative configuration, the mobile device performs
`the position determination itself without using the location
`Server. In both alternatives, a location Server may be used to
`provide aiding data to the mobile device to assist in the
`acquisition of Satellite Signals. The aiding data greatly
`reduces the time required to compute a first fix because the
`search performed by the mobile device may be bounded by
`the aiding data and the need to receive and demodulate
`Satellite navigation data is eliminated.
`0.015
`Still other position location systems may use a
`combination of position location Systems. Hybrid position
`location Systems typically incorporate Signals from at least
`two different position location Sub-Systems in order to
`determine the location of a mobile device. The received
`Signals may be used mutually exclusively or may be used in
`combination when making the position determination.
`0016 A-GPS may be viewed as a hybrid position loca
`tion System using information from both a location Server as
`well as GPS satellite information. Still other position loca
`tion Systems may use GPS Satellite Signals in addition to
`timing and pseudo range information derived from wireleSS
`base station signals. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,999,124,
`by Sheynblat, entitled “SATELLITE POSITIONING SYS
`TEM AUGMENTATION WITH WIRELESS COMMUNI
`CATION SIGNALS' discloses a system in which the posi
`tion of a receiver is determined from a combination of
`position information from a Satellite System and from a
`wireleSS communication System. In other position location
`Systems, time of arrival information from a first position
`location Sub-System may be used in conjunction with cell ID
`information from a wireleSS communication System used as
`a Second position location Sub-System.
`0017. However, aside from GPS, each of the above
`mentioned position determination Systems requires a mobile
`device to be in communication with a fixed position deter
`mination Sub-System. Many of the position determination
`Systems require the mobile device to be part of a wireleSS
`phone system. Not all mobile devices are part of wireless
`phone Systems. For example, wireleSS communication SyS
`tems may comprise a number of two-way radios, or other
`independent mobile devices. The mobile devices in some
`Systems may communicate directly with each other as well
`as to a fixed base Station. It would be advantageous to allow
`each of the mobile devices in Such a wireleSS communica
`tion System to determine its position. However, as noted
`earlier, use of GPS alone may not provide a Satisfactory
`solution. There may be a low probability of receiving a
`
`Sufficient number of Satellite Signals, especially in an urban
`environment where buildings and other man-made or natural
`Structures often occlude the Satellite Signals. For these
`reasons, what is needed is a System that provides a wireleSS
`device with accurate position information, but does not
`require the device to directly communicate with the mini
`mum number of Satellites to independently determine its
`position.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`0018. A device and method are disclosed for determining
`a position of a mobile device. A mobile device may deter
`mine its position by determining partial position information
`from Signals received from a first Source. The mobile device
`also receives shared information from a Second Source or a
`plurality of additional sources. The mobile device deter
`mines additional position information from the shared infor
`mation and determines its position based at least in part on
`the position information and the additional position infor
`mation.
`0019. The partial position information may be ranges or
`pseudo ranges to objects having known locations. The
`objects may be GPS or other satellites, wireless communi
`cation base Stations, or other mobile devices. The shared
`information may come from a Second mobile device, Such as
`a wireleSS phone, or may come from a plurality of other
`devices, some of which may be mobile and others of which
`may be at fixed locations. The Shared information may
`include, for example, ranging Signals, timing information,
`GPS pseudo ranges, position information of the transmitting
`device, or a range to the transmitting device.
`0020. The position of the mobile device may be deter
`mined by the mobile device or may be determined at a
`location remote from the mobile device. When the mobile
`device determines the position, the position may be deter
`mined by a processor within the mobile device or may be
`determined by a position determination module within the
`mobile device. When the position is determined at a remote
`location, the position may be determined in a network in
`communication with the mobile device. The position of the
`mobile device may be determined in a location Server that is
`part of the network.
`0021. The position of the mobile device may be deter
`mined to be an absolute position or may be determined to be
`a relative position. The position of the mobile device may be
`determined to be a common position of a local group with
`which the mobile device is a member. The relative position
`may be a position relative to members of a local group with
`which the mobile device is a member.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`0022. The features, objects, and advantages of the inven
`tion will become more apparent from the detailed descrip
`tion set forth below when taken in conjunction with the
`drawings in which like reference characters identify corre
`spondingly throughout and wherein:
`0023 FIG. 1 is a functional diagram of one embodiment
`of a hybrid position determination System.
`0024 FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a mobile
`device configured to provide position determination accord
`ing to one of the methods disclosed herein.
`
`Petitioner Uber Ex-1006, 0013
`
`

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`US 2004/0008138A1
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`Jan. 15, 2004
`
`FIG. 3 is a functional diagram of one embodiment
`0.025
`of a position determination System showing three mobile
`devices.
`FIG. 4 is a functional diagram of one embodiment
`0.026
`of a position determination System showing three mobile
`devices, with a first mobile device having access to four GPS
`Satellites.
`0027 FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of one
`embodiment of a position determination System generalized
`for multiple mobile devices.
`0028 FIG. 6 is a functional diagram of one embodiment
`of a position determination System showing a common fix
`for a group of mobile devices.
`0029 FIG. 7 is a functional diagram of one embodiment
`of a position determination System showing relative posi
`tioning for a group of mobile devices.
`0030 FIGS. 8A-8B are flow charts showing a method
`used in one embodiment of a hybrid position determination
`System.
`FIG. 9 is a functional diagram of one embodiment
`0.031
`of a position determination System showing application of a
`position determination method disclosed herein.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
`OF THE INVENTION
`0.032 Embodiments of the invention relate to systems
`and methods for accurately determining the geographic
`position of a mobile device, Such as a cellular telephone. In
`one embodiment, a cellular telephone is equipped with a
`position determination module that utilizes positional infor
`mation gathered from GPS satellites and other cellular
`telephones to accurately determine its geographic position.
`The System described herein is useful in circumstances
`wherein a user of a cellular telephone might only be in a
`position to receive partial positional information, Such as
`when the telephone can only receive ranging Signals from
`three or less GPS satellites. In this circumstance, only an
`approximate geographic position can be determined. In
`order to overcome the positional inaccuracy when signals
`from only three or fewer GPS satellites can be received,
`embodiments of the System utilize positional information
`received from other mobile devices to determine an accurate
`geographic position for a cellular telephone. Of course, the
`Systems described herein are not limited to only cellular
`telephones. Other portable devices, Such as pagers, wireleSS
`personal digital assistants, and any other mobile wireleSS
`device that embodies the systems and methods described
`herein are within the Scope of the invention.
`0.033 While the disclosure provides several examples of
`Systems that Supplement partial positional information by
`receiving additional positional information from a mobile
`device, the System is not limited to only these particular
`embodiments. Any embodiment which includes Supple
`menting partial positional information within positional
`information received from a mobile device is contemplated
`within the scope of the invention.
`0034. As used herein, the “geographic position” or “abso
`lute position' of a device is intended to mean the accurate
`position of that device in a coordinate System, with only a
`Small margin of error. In one example, the geographic
`
`position or absolute position of a device is its longitude and
`latitude on the earth. For example, geographic position or
`absolute position of a device might be accurate to within
`Several meters of the actual location of the device on the
`earth.
`0035. As used herein, the term “partial position” or
`"partial position information” refers to positional informa
`tion that by itself does not provide sufficient information to
`make an absolute position determination. Position determi
`nation is typically not made using the partial position
`information because the result would typically be inadequate
`and unreliable. For example, the pseudo ranges from a
`receiver to two GPS satellites comprise partial position
`information because the receiver is unable to determine an
`absolute position based on just the two Satellite pseudo
`ranges. The partial position information may be combined
`with other partial position information or other additional
`position information to determine an absolute position of the
`receiver. Continuing with the same example, the receiver
`can typically make an absolute position determination if it
`can determine pseudo ranges to four GPS Satellites. In
`addition to the partial position information comprising the
`first two Satellite pseudo ranges, the receiver may also be
`able to determine pseudo ranges corresponding to two
`additional GPS Satellites different from the first two GPS
`Satellites.
`0036) One embodiment of a hybrid position determina
`tion System disclosed herein allows a mobile device to
`accurately determine its geographic position based on infor
`mation received from a GPS position determination system
`as well as information received from other mobile devices.
`The System is useful because a mobile device may not have
`a sufficient number of GPS satellites to determine its posi
`tion, or “fix” as it is commonly referred. The mobile device
`may supplement the GPS information with information
`received from other mobile devices. The information
`received from other mobile devices may include timing
`information, other GPS satellite information, or information
`that the receiving mobile device can use to generate ranges
`to the transmitting mobile device.
`0037. A mobile device may determine partial position
`information using Signals received from a first Source Such
`as GPS satellites. The mobile device may also receive
`Signals from a Second Source, Such as other mobile devices.
`The mobile device determines additional position informa
`tion using the Signals from the Second Source. The mobile
`device then determines its accurate geographic position
`using the partial position information in combination with
`the additional position information.
`0038 Embodiments of mobile devices utilizing the sys
`tem may be able to determine an absolute position or
`position relative to the other mobile devices. The mobile
`device's ability to determine an absolute or relative position
`depends in part on the number of GPS satellites for which
`the mobile device can determine a pseudo range, and the
`quality and quantity of information provided by other
`mobile devices.
`0039. A functional block diagram of one embodiment of
`a hybrid position determination system 100 is shown in FIG.
`1. A mobile device 110 is in communication with a number
`of other devices. The mobile device 110 is configured to
`receive signals from a Global Positioning System (GPS)
`
`Petitioner Uber Ex-1006, 0014
`
`

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`US 2004/0008138A1
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`Jan. 15, 2004
`
`120. The mobile device 110 is also configured to be in
`communication with fixed location devices 130. The mobile
`device 110 may receive signals from the fixed location
`devices 130 and may also transmit signals to the fixed
`location devices 130. One example of a fixed location device
`is a base Station in a wireleSS communication System. The
`mobile device 110 may also be in communication with other
`mobile devices 140. The mobile device 110 typically can
`transmit Signals to, and receive signals from, the other
`mobile devices 140. The other mobile devices 140 typically
`also receive signals from the GPS 120 satellites. Addition
`ally, the other mobile devices 140 may be in communication
`with the fixed location devices 130.
`0040. In order to determine its position location, the
`mobile device 110 may only communicate with some, and
`need not communicate with all, of the other devices shown
`in the hybrid position location system 100. In one embodi
`ment, the mobile device receives signals from GPS 120
`Satellites and can determine its absolute position if it is able
`to receive and determine pseudo ranges from a minimum
`number of GPS satellites. Typically, the minimum number of
`pseudo ranges to GPS satellites is four. Thus, if the mobile
`device 110 is able to receive and determine pseudo ranges
`from at least four well-positioned GPS 120 satellites, the
`mobile device 110 does not need any information from
`either fixed location devices 130 or other mobile devices 140
`in order to determine its position.
`0041) However, if the mobile device 110 cannot deter
`mine ranges from a minimum number of GPS satellites, it
`may receive signals from GPS 120 satellites as well as from
`fixed location devices 130. The fixed location devices 130
`may include beacons, Location Measurement Units (LMU),
`wireleSS phone base Stations, and wireleSS communication
`base stations or base units. In this embodiment, the mobile
`device 110 does not need to be in communication with the
`minimum number of GPS 120 satellites. Information from
`the fixed location devices 130 is used to determine the
`position of the mobile device 10. Some of the methods of
`mobile determination using GPS 120 aided by fixed location
`devices are discussed earlier.
`0042. In still another embodiment, the mobile device
`receives signals from the GPS 120 satellites and also from
`other mobile devices 140. The other mobile devices 140 may
`or may not be in communication with the GPS 120 or the
`fixed location devices 130. The mobile device 110 is able to
`determine its position using the GPS 120 satellite signals in
`conjunction with the Signals from the other mobile devices
`140. The ability of the mobile device 110 to determine its
`position location depends on a variety of factors, including
`but not limited to, the number of GPS 120 satellites for
`which signals may be received, the number of other mobile
`devices 140 for which communication may be received, and
`the ability of each of the other mobile devices 140 to know
`its position. The embodiments discussed below illustrate
`Some of the various alternatives that are within the Scope of
`the invention. No communication with the fixed location
`devices 130 is required. Thus, inclusion of the fixed location
`devices 130 in the hybrid position determination system 100
`is optional for the embodiment described below.
`0043. Similarly, the mobile device 110 may determine its
`position using information received from the fixed location
`devices 130 and the other mobile devices 140. In this
`
`embodiment, inclusion of GPS 120 in the hybrid position
`determination system 100 is optional. Various position loca
`tion Systems using shared information by a mobile device
`110 are described in further detail below.
`0044 FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of one
`embodiment of the mobile device 110 such as may be used
`in the position location embodiments described herein. The
`mobile device 110 may be any type of wireless device, such
`as a wireleSS telephone, including cordless telephones, cel
`lular telephones, Personal Communication System (PCS)
`telephones, or another type of wireleSS telephone. The
`mobile device 110 may also be a two-way radio, such as a
`walkie-talkie, or other type of communications transceiver.
`The mobile device 110 may also include circuits to receive
`and/or transmit Bluetooth, 802.11, or other types of wireless
`Signals.
`0045. The mobile device 110 may be conveniently
`described as having three basic functional blocks, an RF
`transceiver 220, a baseband processor 230, and a user
`interface 240. An antenna 210 may be used as the interface
`between a wireleSS channel and the remaining blocks of the
`mobile device 110. Although only one antenna 210 is shown,
`a mobile device may implement more than one antenna.
`When more than one antenna is used, each antenna may
`operate in a distinct frequency spectrum, or the multiple
`antennas may operate in overlapping frequency Spectrums.
`Where the wireless channel is not a Radio Frequency (RF)
`link, the interface may be Some other type of device, Such as
`an electromechanical transducer or an optical interface.
`0046 Signals received by the mobile device 10 are
`coupled from the antenna 210 to the RF transceiver 220. In
`a complementary fashion, Signals to be transmitted by the
`mobile device 110 are coupled from the RF transceiver to the
`antenna 210.
`0047 The RF transceiver 220 comprises a transmitter
`222 and a receiver 224. Signals received by the mobile
`device 110 are coupled from the antenna 210 to the receiver
`224 within the RF transceiver 224. The receiver 220 typi
`cally filters, amplifies, and downconverts the received signal
`to a received baseband Signal having a desired bandwidth
`and amplitude. The receiver 224 may also perform demodu
`lation of the received RF signal. The receiver 224 may be
`capable of processing Signals from a plurality of frequency
`bands. For example, the receiver 224 may receive signals
`from a GPS band as well as from a secondary communica
`tion band. If the receiver 224 is designed to receive signals
`from a plurality of frequency bands, the receiver 224 may
`implement a plurality of receive paths. Alternatively, the
`receiver 224 may comprise a plurality of receivers 224a
`224c. Each of the receivers, 224a–224c, may independently
`filter, amplify, downconvert, and demodulate one of the
`plurality of received signals. For example, a first receiver
`224a may be configured to filter, amplify, and downconvert
`signals received from GPS satellites. A second receiver 224b
`may be configured to receive communication signals from a
`wireleSS phone System and process them into baseband
`signals to be used in the baseband processor 230. A third
`receiver 224c may be configured to receive position deter
`mination signals from a Source other than GPS Satellites.
`These other Sources may be, for example, Location Mea
`Surement Units, terrestrial beacons, or other mobile devices.
`The third receiver 224c may then process the received
`
`Petitioner Uber Ex-1006, 0015
`
`

`

`US 2004/0008138A1
`
`Jan. 15, 2004
`
`Signals into baseband Signals to be used by the baseband
`processor 230. The received baseband signal is then coupled
`from the RF transceiver 220 to the baseband processor 230.
`If there are more than one receiver or more than one receive
`path, the baseband Signals from each receiver or receive path
`are coupled to the baseband processor 230. The baseband
`Signals may be combined into a single path, multiplexed on
`a single path, or provided on one or more distinct paths to
`the baseband processor 230.
`0.048
`Baseband signals that are to be transmitted are
`coupled from the baseband processor 230 to the transmitter
`222 within the RF transceiver 220. The transmitter 222
`preferably filters, amplifies, and upconverts the transmit
`baseband Signals into transmit RF signals that are coupled to
`the antenna 210. The transmitter 222 may also modulate an
`RF signal with the transmit baseband signal. The transmit
`RF signals are then broadcast over the RF channel to their
`destination. The intended destination may be a single device
`or may be a plurality of devices. Additionally, one or more
`baseband Signals may be upconverted to one or more RF
`frequency bands for transmission. The multiple RF fre
`quency bands may be distinct or may overlap. AS was the
`case with the receiver 224, the transmitter 222 may be
`configured as a plurality of transmitterS 222a-222c or a
`plurality of transmit paths. Each of the transmitters 222a
`222c may separately filter, upconvert, and amplify a base
`band Signal. For example, a first transmitter 222a may
`receive baseband Signals and process those signals for
`transmission to destination within a wireleS