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`I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n
`
`
`
`ITU-T
`
`TELECOMMUNICATION
`STANDARDIZATION SECTOR
`OF ITU
`
`G.993.1
`
`(06/2004)
`
`SERIES G: TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND MEDIA,
`DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS
`Digital sections and digital line system – Access networks
`
`Very high speed digital subscriber line
`transceivers
`
`ITU-T Recommendation G.993.1
`
`
`
`1,.t ..... t111■■1
`'l'•■•a•-.-.•••••tla•
`lil•I•■
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`ITU-T G-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS
`TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND MEDIA, DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS
`
`G.100–G.199
`G.200–G.299
`
`
`INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE CONNECTIONS AND CIRCUITS
`GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS COMMON TO ALL ANALOGUE CARRIER-
`TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS
`INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIER TELEPHONE
`SYSTEMS ON METALLIC LINES
`GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIER TELEPHONE
`SYSTEMS ON RADIO-RELAY OR SATELLITE LINKS AND INTERCONNECTION WITH
`METALLIC LINES
`COORDINATION OF RADIOTELEPHONY AND LINE TELEPHONY
`TESTING EQUIPMENTS
`TRANSMISSION MEDIA CHARACTERISTICS
`DIGITAL TERMINAL EQUIPMENTS
`DIGITAL NETWORKS
`DIGITAL SECTIONS AND DIGITAL LINE SYSTEM
`General
`Parameters for optical fibre cable systems
`Digital sections at hierarchical bit rates based on a bit rate of 2048 kbit/s
`Digital line transmission systems on cable at non-hierarchical bit rates
`Digital line systems provided by FDM transmission bearers
`Digital line systems
`Digital section and digital transmission systems for customer access to ISDN
`Optical fibre submarine cable systems
`Optical line systems for local and access networks
`Access networks
`QUALITY OF SERVICE AND PERFORMANCE - GENERIC AND USER-RELATED
`ASPECTS
`TRANSMISSION MEDIA CHARACTERISTICS
`DIGITAL TERMINAL EQUIPMENTS
`DIGITAL NETWORKS
`
`For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations.
`
`G.300–G.399
`
`G.400–G.449
`
`G.450–G.499
`G.500–G.599
`G.600–G.699
`G.700–G.799
`G.800–G.899
`G.900–G.999
`G.900–G.909
`G.910–G.919
`G.920–G.929
`G.930–G.939
`G.940–G.949
`G.950–G.959
`G.960–G.969
`G.970–G.979
`G.980–G.989
`G.990–G.999
`G.1000–G.1999
`
`G.6000–G.6999
`G.7000–G.7999
`G.8000–G.8999
`
`
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`ITU-T Recommendation G.993.1
`
`
`
`Very high speed digital subscriber line transceivers
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Summary
`G.993.1 VDSL (Very high speed Digital Subscriber Line) permits the transmission of asymmetric
`and symmetric aggregate data rates up to tens of Mbit/s on twisted pairs. G.993.1 includes
`worldwide frequency plans that allow asymmetric and symmetric services in the same group of
`twisted pairs (known as a binder). G.993.1 transceivers must overcome many types of ingress
`interference from radio and other transmission techniques that occur in the same frequencies of
`typical deployment scenarios. Similarly, G.993.1 transmission power transmission levels have been
`designed to minimize potential egress interference into other transmission systems. As with other
`Recommendations in the G.99x series, G.993.1 uses G.994.1 to handshake and initiate the
`transceiver training sequence.
`
`
`
`
`
`Source
`ITU-T Recommendation G.993.1 was approved on 13 June 2004 by ITU-T Study Group 15
`(2001-2004) under the ITU-T Recommendation A.8 procedure.
`
`
`
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`ITU-T Rec. G.993.1 (06/2004)
`
`i
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`
`FOREWORD
`The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of
`telecommunications. The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of
`ITU. ITU-T
`is responsible for studying
`technical, operating and
`tariff questions and
`issuing
`Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis.
`The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years,
`establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on
`these topics.
`The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1.
`In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-T's purview, the necessary standards are
`prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC.
`
`
`
`
`NOTE
`
`In this Recommendation, the expression "Administration" is used for conciseness to indicate both a
`telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency.
`
`Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain
`mandatory provisions (to ensure e.g. interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the
`Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words "shall" or some
`other obligatory language such as "must" and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The
`use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party.
`
`
`
`
`INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
`ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may
`involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence,
`validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others
`outside of the Recommendation development process.
`As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had received notice of intellectual property,
`protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementors
`are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the
`TSB patent database.
`
`
`
`
` ITU 2005
`All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the
`prior written permission of ITU.
`
`ii
`
`ITU-T Rec. G.993.1 (06/2004)
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`
`
`CONTENTS
`
`
`1
`2
`3
`4
`5
`
`6
`
`Scope ............................................................................................................................
`References.....................................................................................................................
`Definitions ....................................................................................................................
`Abbreviations................................................................................................................
`Reference models..........................................................................................................
`5.1
`General reference models...............................................................................
`5.2
`Functional reference model ............................................................................
`5.3
`Protocol reference model................................................................................
`Transmission medium interface characteristics............................................................
`6.1
`Duplexing method ..........................................................................................
`6.2
`Power Spectral Density (PSD) .......................................................................
`6.3
`Upstream Power Back-Off (UPBO)...............................................................
`6.4
`Termination impedance..................................................................................
`6.5
`Return loss......................................................................................................
`6.6
`Output signal balance .....................................................................................
`TPS-TC sublayer general functional characteristics.....................................................
`α/β interface specification..............................................................................
`7.1
`OC TPS-TC application interface (γO, γR) description...................................
`7.2
`PMS-TC sublayer .........................................................................................................
`8.1
`PMS-TC functional model .............................................................................
`8.2
`Scrambler........................................................................................................
`8.3
`Forward error correction.................................................................................
`8.4
`Interleaving.....................................................................................................
`8.5
`Framing...........................................................................................................
`PMD sublayer ...............................................................................................................
`9.1
`PMD functional model ...................................................................................
`9.2
`PMD functional characteristics ......................................................................
`10 Management .................................................................................................................
`10.1
`OAM functional model...................................................................................
`10.2
`OAM communication channels......................................................................
`10.3
`Embedded operations channel (eoc) functions and description .....................
`10.4
`Fault and performance monitoring .................................................................
`10.5
`OAM parameters and primitives ....................................................................
`10.6
`VDSL Overhead Channel (VOC)...................................................................
`Performance requirements............................................................................................
`11.1
`Error performance requirements.....................................................................
`11.2
`Latency requirements .....................................................................................
`
`7
`
`8
`
`9
`
`11
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`Page
`1
`1
`2
`3
`5
`5
`6
`7
`7
`7
`8
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`10
`11
`11
`11
`11
`12
`13
`13
`14
`14
`15
`17
`21
`21
`22
`30
`30
`31
`33
`41
`43
`49
`53
`53
`53
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`ITU-T Rec. G.993.1 (06/2004)
`
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`12
`
`13
`
`14
`
`Impulse noise immunity requirements ...........................................................
`11.3
`Initialization..................................................................................................................
`12.1
`Handshake – VTU-O......................................................................................
`12.2
`Handshake – VTU-R ......................................................................................
`12.3
`Link state and timing diagram........................................................................
`12.4
`Link activation/deactivation method ..............................................................
`Electrical requirements .................................................................................................
`13.1
`Service splitters ..............................................................................................
`Testing methodology ....................................................................................................
`14.1
`VDSL test loop types......................................................................................
`14.2
`Impairment generators....................................................................................
`14.3
`Transmission performance tests .....................................................................
`Annex A – Bandplan A............................................................................................................
`Annex B – Bandplan B ............................................................................................................
`Annex C – Bandplan C ............................................................................................................
`Annex D – Requirements for Region A (North America).......................................................
`D.1
`Physical interface............................................................................................
`D.2
`Testing methodology......................................................................................
`Annex E – Requirements for Region B (Europe) ....................................................................
`E.1
`Physical interface............................................................................................
`E.2
`Testing methodology......................................................................................
`Annex F – Regional requirements for environment coexisting with TCM-ISDN DSL as
`defined in Appendix III/G.961 .....................................................................................
`F.1
`Bandplan and PSD masks...............................................................................
`F.2
`Service splitter................................................................................................
`F.3
`Test loops and crosstalk disturbers.................................................................
`Annex G – ATM-TC................................................................................................................
`G.1
`Scope ..............................................................................................................
`G.2
`Reference model for ATM transport ..............................................................
`G.3
`Transport of ATM data...................................................................................
`G.4
`ATM Transport Protocol Specific TC (ATM_TC) ........................................
`Annex H – PTM-TC ................................................................................................................
`H.1
`Packetized data transport................................................................................
`H.2
`Transport of PTM data ...................................................................................
`H.3
`Interface description .......................................................................................
`H.4
`PTM TPS-TC functionality ............................................................................
`Annex I – Specifics of implementation in systems using QAM modulation...........................
`I.1
`Physical Media Specific TC (PMS-TC) sublayer ..........................................
`I.2
`Physical medium-dependent (PMD) sublayer................................................
`
`iv
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`ITU-T Rec. G.993.1 (06/2004)
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`Page
`53
`54
`54
`56
`60
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`86
`86
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`99
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`138
`139
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`Operations and maintenance...........................................................................
`I.3
`Link activation and de-activation ...................................................................
`I.4
`Complementary information on QAM implementation (informative)...........
`I.5
`Appendix I – UTOPIA implementation of the ATM-TC interface .........................................
`Appendix II – International amateur radio bands ....................................................................
`Appendix III – 8.625-kHz tone spacing...................................................................................
`III.1
`Scope ..............................................................................................................
`III.2
`PMD functional characteristics ......................................................................
`III.3
`Transmission Convergence (TC) sublayer .....................................................
`III.4
`Initialization....................................................................................................
`BIBLIOGRAPHY....................................................................................................................
`
`
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`Page
`167
`186
`207
`210
`212
`213
`213
`213
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`ITU-T Recommendation G.993.1
`
`
`
`Very high speed digital subscriber line transceivers
`
`Scope
`1
`G.993.1 VDSL (Very high speed Digital Subscriber Line) permits the transmission of asymmetric
`and symmetric aggregate data rates up to tens of Mbit/s on twisted pairs. G.993.1 is an access
`technology that exploits the existing infrastructure of copper wires that were originally deployed for
`POTS services. While POTS uses approximately the lower 4 kHz and ADSL/HDSL use
`approximately 1 MHz of the copper wire spectrum, G.993.1 uses up to 12 MHz of the spectrum.
`G.993.1 can be deployed from central offices or from Fibre-fed cabinets located near the customer
`premises.
`G.993.1 includes worldwide frequency plans that allow asymmetric and symmetric services in the
`same group of wire pairs (known as a binder). This is accomplished by designating frequency bands
`for the transmission of upstream and downstream signals.
`G.993.1 transceivers must overcome many types of ingress interference from radio and other
`transmission techniques that occur in the same frequencies of typical deployment scenarios.
`Similarly, G.993.1 transmission power levels have been designed to minimize potential egress
`interference into other transmission systems.
`As with other Recommendations in the G.99x series, G.993.1 uses G.994.1 to handshake and
`initiate the transceiver training sequence.
`It has been agreed in the ITU-T to develop a subsequent VDSL2 Recommendation that specifies
`only DMT modulation, and that is based on this Recommendation (VDSL) and on ITU-T
`Rec. G.992.3 (ADSL2).
`
`References
`2
`The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through
`reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the
`editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision;
`users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the
`most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the
`currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within
`this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation.
`ITU-T Recommendation G.117 (1996), Transmission aspects of unbalance about earth.
`–
`ITU-T Recommendation G.227 (1988), Conventional telephone signal.
`–
`ITU-T Recommendation G.994.1 (2003), Handshake procedures for digital subscriber line
`–
`(DSL) transceivers.
`ITU-T Recommendation G.996.1 (2001), Test procedures for digital subscriber line (DSL)
`transceivers.
`ITU-T Recommendation G.997.1 (2003), Physical layer management for digital subscriber
`line (DSL) transceivers.
`ITU-T Recommendation I.432.1 (1999), B-ISDN user-network interface – Physical layer
`specification: General characteristics.
`ITU-T Recommendation O.9 (1999), Measuring arrangements to assess the degree of
`unbalance about earth.
`
`–
`
`
`
`
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`ITU-T Rec. G.993.1 (06/2004)
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`1
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`–
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`–
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`–
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`–
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`ISO/IEC 3309:1993, Information technology – Telecommunications and information
`exchange between systems – High-level data link control (HDLC) procedures – Frame
`structure.
`
`Definitions
`3
`This Recommendation defines the following terms:
`3.1
`bit error ratio: The ratio of the number of bits in error to the number of bits sent over a
`period of time.
`3.2
`channel: A connection conveying signals between two blocks (the conveyed signals
`represent information). Channels also convey signals between a block and the environment.
`Channels may be unidirectional or bidirectional.
`3.3
`connection: An association of transmission channels or circuits, switching and other
`functional units set up to provide a means for a transfer of user, control and management
`information between two or more end points (blocks) in a telecommunication network.
`3.4
`downstream: Information flow whose direction is from an End-Service Provider System to
`an End-Service Consumer System.
`3.5
`electrical length: An estimate of the loop attenuation, assuming that all the sections of
`cable obey a √f attenuation characteristic. Specifically, the electrical length is the attenuation, in dB
`at 1 MHz, of an equivalent hypothetical loop with a perfect √f attenuation characteristic.
`NOTE – The attenuation caused by bridged taps does not follow a √f characteristic, and thus the effects of
`bridged taps may not be accurately represented in the estimate.
`3.6
`interface: A point of demarcation between two blocks through which information flows
`from one block to the other. See logical- and physical-interface definitions for further details. An
`interface may be a physical interface or a logical interface.
`3.7
`layer/sublayer: A collection of objects of the same hierarchical rank.
`3.8
`logical information flow path: A sequence of information transfers from an initial
`information source object to a terminal information destination object, either directly or through
`intermediate objects. Different physical information flow paths may be associated with a logical
`information flow path segment or with the entire path, in different implementations.
`3.9
`logical (functional) interface: An interface where the semantic, syntactic, and symbolic
`attributes of information flows are defined. Logical interfaces do not define the physical properties
`of signals used to represent the information. A logical interface can be an internal or external
`interface. It is defined by a set of information flows and associated protocol stacks.
`3.10 management plane (MP): A plane that contains management information.
`3.11 management information: Information exchanged by Management Plane objects; it may
`content information or control information.
`3.12
`network: A collection of interconnected elements that provide connection services to users.
`3.13
`network control function: The network control function is responsible for the error-free
`receipt and transmission of content flow information to and from the server.
`3.14
`network termination (NT): The element of the Access Network performing the
`connection between the infrastructures owned by the Access Network operator and the
`Service-Consumer System (ownership decoupling). The NT can be passive or active, transparent or
`not.
`noise margin: The maximum amount by which the reference noise level can be increased
`3.15
`during a BER test without causing the modem to fail the BER requirement.
`
`2
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`physical interface: An interface where the physical characteristics of signals used to
`3.16
`represent information and the physical characteristics of channels used to carry the signals are
`defined. A physical interface is an external interface. It is fully defined by its physical and electrical
`characteristics. Logical information flows map to signal flows that pass through physical interfaces.
`3.17
`plane: A category that identifies a collection of related objects, e.g., objects that execute
`similar or complementary functions, or peer objects that interact to use or to provide services in a
`class that reflects authority, capability, or time period. Management-plane service objects, for
`example, may authorize ISP-clients' access to certain control-plane service objects that in turn may
`allow the clients to use services provided by certain user-plane objects.
`3.18
`primitives: Basic measures of performance, usually obtained from digital signal line codes
`and frame formats, or as reported in overhead indicators from the far end. Performance primitives
`are categorized as events, anomalies, and defects. Primitives may also be basic measures of other
`quantities (e.g., ac or battery power), usually obtained from equipment indicators.
`3.19
`reference point: A set of interfaces between any two related blocks through which
`information flows from one block to the other. A reference point comprises one or more logical
`(non-physical) information-transfer interfaces, and one or more physical signal-transfer interfaces.
`3.20
`SNR margin: The modem's estimate of the maximum amount by which the receiver noise
`(internal and external) could be increased without causing the modem BER to fail the BER
`requirement.
`3.21
`symbol: A bit or a defined sequence of bits.
`3.22
`system: A collection of interacting objects that serves a useful purpose; typically, a primary
`subdivision of an object of any size or composition (including domains).
`3.23
`upstream: Information flow whose direction is from an End-Service Customer System to
`an End-Service Provider System.
`3.24
`user: A service-consuming object or system (block).
`3.25
`user plane (UP): A classification for objects whose principal function is to provide transfer
`of end-user information: user information may be user-to-user content (e.g., a movie), or private
`user-to-user data.
`
`Abbreviations
`4
`This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations:
`ATM
` Asynchronous Transfer Mode
`DS
` Downstream
`DSL
` Digital Subscriber Line
`EIO
`
`External Interface Adapter
`eoc
`
`Embedded Operations Channel (between the VTU-O and VTU-R)
`FDD
`
`Frequency Division Duplexing
`FEC
`
`Forward Error Correction
`HEC
` Header Error Control
`ISDN
`
`Integrated Services Digital Network
`LCD
`
`Loss of Cell Delineation
`LSB
`
`Least Significant Bit
`
`
`
`
`
`ITU-T Rec. G.993.1 (06/2004)
`
`3
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`
`Line Termination
`
`LT
` Management Information Base
`MIB
` Most Significant Bit
`MSB
` Network Management Agent
`NMA
` Network Termination
`NT
` Network Timing Reference
`NTR
` Operations, Administration and Maintenance
`OAM
` Overhead Channel
`OC
` Optical Network Unit
`ONU
`
`Physical Layer
`PHY
`
`Physical Media Dependent
`PMD
`
`Physical Media Specific
`PMS
`PMS-TC Physical Media Specific-Transmission Convergence
`PSD
`
`Power Spectral Density
`PTM
`
`Packet Transfer Mode
`QAM
` Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
`QoS
` Quality of Service
`RF
`
`Radio Frequency
`SNR
`
`Signal-to-Noise Ratio
`STP
`
`Set of Transmission Parameters
`TBD
`
`To Be Determined
`TC
`
`Transmission Convergence
`TCM
`
`Time Compression Multiplex
`TPS
`
`Transmission Protocol Specific
`TPS-TC Transport Protocol Specific-Transmission Convergence
`Tx
`
`Transmitter
`UPBO Upstream Power Back-off
`US
` Upstream
`VDSL Very high speed Digital Subscriber Line
`VME_O VTU-O Management Entity
`VME_R VTU-R Management Entity
`VTU
` VDSL Transceiver Unit
`VTU-O VTU at the ONU
`VTU-R VTU at the Remote site
`VTU-x Any one of VTU-O or VTU-R
`xDSL
` Generic term covering the family of all DSL technologies, e.g., DSL, HDSL, ADSL,
`VDSL
`
`4
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`5
`
`Reference models
`
`
`
`General reference models
`5.1
`Figure 5-1 shows the reference configuration used for G.993.1. It is essentially a Fibre to the Node
`architecture with an Optical Network Unit (ONU) sited in the existing metallic access network (or
`at the serving Local Exchange or Central Office). The first architectural model covers Fibre-to-the-
`cabinet (FTTCab) type of deployment; the second one is Fibre-to-the-exchange (FTTEx) type of
`deployment. Existing unscreened twisted metallic access wire-pairs are used to convey the signals
`to and from the customer's premises.
`
`Narrow- and broadband UNls
`
`Broadband VDSL
`interface in ONU
`
`POTS
`or ISDN-BA
`TE
`
`Broadband
`TE
`
`NT
`
`VDSL
`:ONU
`l===- - -==--H : (LT)
`Existing metallic
`:
`local line
`'
`
`' ' ' '
`~ Existing copper
`Existing
`I=========== exchange
`node
`
`I
`I
`I
`
`Fibre feed
`
`G.993.1_F5-1
`
`
`
`Figure 5-1/G.993.1 – General reference model
`
`The reference configuration provides two or four data paths with bit rate under the control of the
`network operator, consisting of one or two downstream and one or two upstream data paths. A
`single path in each direction can be of high latency (with lower BER expected) or lower latency
`(with higher BER expected). Dual paths in each direction provide one path of each type. The dual
`latency configuration is thought to be the minimum that is capable of supporting a sufficient full
`service set, although there are organizations supporting both the single latency model with
`programmable latency, and others requesting more than two paths/latencies. The model assumes
`that Forward Error Correction (FEC) will be needed for part of the payload and that deep
`interleaving will be required to provide adequate protection against impulse noise.
`The model introduces service-splitter functional blocks to accommodate shared use of the physical
`transmission media for VDSL and either POTS or ISDN-BA. The rationale behind this is that
`network operators are then free to evolve their networks in one of two ways: complete change out
`or overlay. An active Network Termination (NT) provides termination of the point-to-point VDSL
`transmission system and presents a standardized set of User Network Interfaces (UNIs) at the
`customer's premises. The NT provides the network operator with the ability to test the network up
`to the UNI at the customer's premises in the event of a fault condition or via nighttime routing. The
`home wiring transmission system is outside the scope of this Recommendation.
`It is envisaged that VDSL will find applications in the transport of various protocols. For each
`application different functional requirements must be developed for the Transport Protocol
`Specific-Transmission Convergence Layer (TPS-TC). This specification covers the functional
`requirements for the transport of ATM and PTM. However, the G.993.1 core transceiver shall be
`capable of supporting future additional applications. VDSL service should non-invasively coexist
`with the narrow-band services on the same pair. Failure of power to the broadband NT or failure of
`
`
`
`
`
`ITU-T Rec. G.993.1 (06/2004)
`
`5
`
`IPR2022-00833
`CommScope, Inc. Exhibit 1018
`Page 13 of 228
`
`

`

`
`
`the VDSL service shall not affect any existing narrow-band services. This may imply that the
`splitter filter is of a passive nature not requiring external power in order to provide frequency
`separation of the VDSL and existing narrow-band signals.
`POTS, if present, shall continue to be powered from the existing exchange node and a DC path is
`required from the local exchange to the customer telephone. Similarly, a DC path is required for
`ISDN-BA in order to provide remote power feeding to the ISDN-BA NT (and that emergency
`power can be provided by the local exchange for one ISDN terminal in the event of loss of power at
`the subscriber premises).
`POTS and ISDN-BA cannot exist simultaneously on the same pair at present. Network Operators
`may provide one or the other but not both over a single wire-pair. Network Operators may choose to
`provide VDSL on access lines without any narrow-band services.
`The broadband NT is not required to be powered remotely.
`Repeatered operation is not a requirement for G.993.1.
`
`Functional reference model
`5.2
`One of the TPS-TC in Figure 5-2 may be assigned for management purposes and is called Overhead
`Channel TC (OC-TC).
`VTU-R
`
`VTU-0
`
`YR
`
`13
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`
`Figure 5-2/G.993.1 – VTU-x functional reference model
`
`G.993.1_F5-2
`
`
`
`6
`
`ITU-T Rec. G.993.1 (06/2004)
`
`IPR2022-00833
`CommScope, Inc. Exhibit 1018
`Page 14 of 228
`
`

`

`Protocol reference model
`5.3
`Figure 5-3 shows the G.993.1 protocol reference model.
`
`
`
`NT
`
`VTU-R
`
`VTU-0
`
`LT
`
`