Implementation of DSL in Pakistan-Growth, Potential and
`Bandwidth Impact - A Technical Report
`IRFAN AHMED HALEPOTO*,BHAWANI SHANKAR CHOWDHRY**, AND FARZANA RAUF ABRO***
`
`' RECEIVED ON 15.10.2004 ACCEPTED ON 06.12.2004
`ABSRACT
`
`The wide spread use oflnternet and specially the WWW (World Wide Web) have
`opened a need for greater bandwidth network services that can be brought directly to
`subscriber's homes. These services will provide the required bandwidth to surf the
`Web at faster speed.
`
`This paper critically analyses DSL (Digital Subscriber Line), as the future technology
`that not only can sort out all the speed and disconnection problems, but also helps to
`access Data and Voice over same connection simultaneously. In addition, this paper
`also provides some recommendations to those companies, which are offering DSL
`service in Pakistan, in order to increase the browsing capabilities by implementing
`the DSL network in every city of Pakistan. ThoughDSL has already being implemented
`in Pakistan, but still lot more need to be done in this regard, because 7.5 million DSL
`lines were installed by 2003-generating $6.2 billion-turn over for the USA DSL market
`alone.
`
`KeyWords:
`
`Digital Subscriber Line, Splitter, Digital Subscriber Line
`Access Multiplexer, Integrated Service Digital Network, Discrete
`Multi Tone, Carrierless Amplitude Phase.
`
`1.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`Traditionally, large corporations or government
`
`departments use broadband network services.
`They used to avail these services by means of
`ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network) or high speed
`EI or E3 lines. However, with the advancement in
`information technology, a number of high technology
`services are becoming w)de spread. Although, general
`consumers still do not have direct access to high-speed
`networks but several service providers are delivering less
`costly and high-speed services to the general consumers.
`
`They are using the cable technology for this purpose. In
`addition to this, some new entrants in the market are also
`offering more advanced services to the general consumer
`such as the DSL.
`
`DSL is an emerging modern technology that converts
`existing twisted pair telephone lines into access path for
`high-speed communication of various sorts. Fig. 1
`illustrates how ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)
`( one of the flavor of DSL technology) modems attached
`
`*Lab.Lecturer,** Professor, and*** Assistant Professor,
`Department ofElectronic, Telecommunication & Biomedical Engineering, Mehran University ofEngineering & Technology, Jamshoro.
`
`MEHRAN UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, VOWME 24, NO. 3, JULY, 2005 [ ISSN 0254-7821)
`
`IPR2022-00833
`CommScope, Inc. Exhibit 1015
`Page 1 of 12
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`

`

`IMPLEMENTATION OF DSL IN PAKISTAN-GROWTH, POTENTIAL AND BANDWIDTH IMPACT - A TECHNICAL REPORT
`
`to standard telephone wiring in parallel with existing along
`telephone equipment. Because the service is asymmetric,
`the modems used at the two ends of a line differ slightly.
`
`DSL technology offers bandwidth ranging from 64 Kbps
`to 6 Mbps on telephone subscriber's existing phone line.
`With DSL, one can stop worrying about "busy" signals or
`waiting to be connected to the Internet. No more "dropped
`connections" or frustrating disconnects since you are
`ALWAYS ON! Never "hang up" the phone again to use
`the Internet. You can use the same phone line for making
`calls while you are simultaneously connected to the
`Internet. Then there is unlimited downloads on a flat,
`monthly rate. It gives you 24 hours connectivity.
`
`2.
`
`WORKING PRINCIPLE
`
`Conventional modems (i.e. voice grade base band modems)
`transmit signals through the switching network without
`alteration; the netv1ork treats them like voice signals. The
`data rates achieved by these modems are now approaching
`a theoretical maximum, but copper wire can pass much
`higher frequencies and subsequently allow much greater
`data rates. The DSL technologies utilize this available
`
`bandwidth and attain greater data rates by taking
`advantage of breakthroughs in error correction coding,
`modulation, equalization, echo cancellation, and digital
`signal processing.
`
`Unlike its acronym it doesn't really refer to a line, but the
`modem that convert a line into a high-s~ digital pipe. The
`modem technology converts the copper twisted-pair
`telephone lines in the existing telephony system just before
`it enters your home, into access paths for multimedia and
`high-speed communication. It works over regular phone lines
`that are already present and provide a high-speed access to
`the Internet and remote networks. ADSL transmits more than
`6Mbps downstream (to the customer) and up to 640 Kbps
`upstream, depending upon line length and the modem
`capabilities [1 ]. Upstream is the data that is transmitted from
`the user e.g. URL (Uniform Resource Locator), E-mail etc and
`down stream is the data that is bombarded in return like
`movie on demand web page etc. [2].
`
`DSL is a technology for bringing high bandwidth
`connectivity to homes and businesses over ordinary
`copper telephone lines. DSL line allows for one line to
`carry both voice and data signals and for the data part of
`tli,.,. line to be continuously connected. DSL achieves
`
`____ /
`
`standard twisted pair
`connecting residence
`
`/' r -
`
`ADSL
`
`..it-! modem . 1 ..........
`
`digital connection
`.
`to local network
`
`'
`to aiwlog
`phone
`
`CO's ADSL
`modem
`
`tn telephone
`sll'itch
`
`digital co1111ectio11
`toprm'.idu
`
`Residence
`
`Telephone Central Office
`
`FIG. I . DSL MODEM CONNECTED TO EXISTING LOCAL LOOP WIRING .THE MODEMS CAN USE A PAIR OF WIRES
`SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH ANALOG TELEPHONE SERVICE
`
`MEHRAN UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME 24, NO. 3, JULY, 2005 [ ISSN 0254-7821)
`
`IPR2022-00833
`CommScope, Inc. Exhibit 1015
`Page 2 of 12
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`

`

`IMPLEMENTATION OF DSL IN PAKISTAN-GROWTH, POTENTIAL AND BANDWIDTH IMPACT - A TECHNICAL REPORT
`
`higher data transfer rates by utilizing more of the available
`bandwidth spectrum. Ordinary telephone service only
`makes use of the 3400 Hz frequency range, which accounts
`for the 56 Kbps speed limits on standard analog modems.
`DSL eludes the 3400 Hz frequency boundary by outrnoding
`the digital-to-analog conversion the modems perform and
`connecting both ends digitally. Hence, larger bandwidth
`is available, allowing higher transfer rates [3].
`
`Traditional phone service connects your home or business
`to a telephone company office over copper wires that are
`wrapped around each other. The wires are called twisted
`pair. The digital modem, located at your location, accesses
`the local telephone companies' central office, where a
`DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer),
`which translates your DSL signal, has been installed. The
`signal is then transmitted from the copper telephone line
`onto a network backbone, and directed to the ISPs (Internet
`Service Providers) location, where the ISP verifies the
`access to the network and delivers usen to the Internet
`through the ISP's relationship with a backbone network
`provider [4] as shown in Fig. 2.
`
`A DSL router or modem is installed at user's premises
`connected through a POTS (Plain Old Telephony System)
`splitter to user's Ethernet hub or USB (Universal Serial
`Bus) port of your PC. Once installed, the DSL router/modem
`facilities continuous connectivity to the Internet and use
`of the telephone/fax at the same time.
`
`For getting the DSL connection, the customer is provided
`with ADSL modem, a Splitter and a network card for their
`Personal Computer. The Splitter is a low pass filter splitting
`the phone line into two frequency ranges. Low frequencies
`are reserved for regular telephone calls (voice), while
`higher frequencies are used for Internet (data), making it
`possible to use the phone line for both telephone calls
`and for Internet access [5).
`
`There are two competing and incompatible standards for
`ADSL. The official ANSI (American National Standard
`Inter change) standard for ADSL is a system called DMT
`(Discrete Multitone). According to equipment
`manufacturers, most of the ADSL equipment installed
`today uses DMT. An earlier and more easily implemented
`standard was the CAP (Carrierless Amplitude Phase)
`system, which was used on many of the early installations
`ofADSL.
`
`CAP operates by dividing the signals on the telephone
`line into three distinct bands: Voice conversations are
`carried in the Oto 4 KHz (kilohertz) band, as they are in all
`POTS circuits. The upstream channel (from the user back
`to the server) is carried in a band between 25 and 160 KHz.
`The downstream channel (from the server to the user)
`begins at 240 KHz and goes up to a point that varies
`depending on a number of conditions (line length, line
`noise, number of users in a particular telephone company
`switch) but has a maximum of about 1.5 MHz (megahertz).
`
`IIUlm.itn 11,aD ft
`
`(Unur,iil'IIUl1d. D I ' ~
`
`FIG. 2. DSL EQUIPMENT CONNECTIONS
`
`[ml
`
`MEHRAN UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, VOWME 24, NO. 3, JULY, 2005 [ ISSN 0254-7821)
`
`IPR2022-00833
`CommScope, Inc. Exhibit 1015
`Page 3 of 12
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`

`

`IMPLEMENTATION OF DSL IN PAKISTAN-GROWTH, POTENTIAL AND BANDWIDTH IMPACT - A TECHNICAL REPORT
`
`This system, with the three channels widely separated,
`minimizes the possibility of interference between the
`channels on one line, or between the signals on different
`lines as shown in Fig. 3.
`
`To create multiple channels, ADSL modems divide the
`available bandwidth of a telephone line in one of two ways(cid:173)
`--FD M (Frequency-Division Multiplexing) or echo
`cancellation. FDM assigns one band for upstream data
`and another band for downstream data. The downstream
`path is then divided by time-division multiplexing into
`one or more high-speed channels and one or more low(cid:173)
`speed channels. The upstream path is also multiplexed
`into corresponding low-speed channels. Echo cancellation
`assigns the upstream band to overlap the downstream,
`and separates the two by means of local echo cancellation,
`a technique well known in V.32 and V.34 modems. With
`either technique, ADSL splits off a 4 kHz region for basic
`telephone service at the DC end of the band.
`
`DSL modem organizes the aggregate data stream created
`by multiplexing downstream channels, duplex channels,
`and maintenance channels together into blocks, and
`attaches an error correction code to each block. The
`receiver then corrects errors that occur during transmission
`up to the limits implied by the code and the block length.
`The unit may, at the user's option, also create superblocks
`by interleaving data within subblocks; this allows the
`receiver to correct any combination of errors within a
`specific span of bits. This in tum allows for effective
`transmission of both data and video signals [6].
`
`3.
`
`SCOPE OF DSL
`
`DSL is much faster than both ISDN and leased line, yet is
`more cost effective. With DSL Internet connection is
`'always on', and the users have unlimited access to
`Internet. DSL makes downloading speed ten times faster
`than that of an analogue modem as shown in Fig. 4. "In
`addition, it enables single line users to remain connected
`to both telephone and the Internet at the same time".
`
`llil
`
`240 KH2-1.5 MHZ
`
`FIG. 3. SPUITING THE DSL SIGNAL
`
`..
`
`DSL COl\'lPARISON
`
`[ Download Comparison Ji---
`64K DSL Connection ....
`DoWhloaditi,,a ... 11111
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`100% Ccrnl)leted
`
`56K Dial-up Connection ...
`Downloadln<i ... 1MB
`I
`I
`I
`I
`TIITle 02m: 10$
`
`FIG. 4. DSL COMPARISON VIS DIAL-UP CONNECTION
`
`MEHRAN UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, VOWME 24, NO. 3, JULY, 2005 ( ISSN 0254-7821]
`
`[ml
`
`IPR2022-00833
`CommScope, Inc. Exhibit 1015
`Page 4 of 12
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`

`

`IMPLEMENTATION OF DSL IN PAKISTAN-GROWTH, POTENTIAL AND BANDWIDTH IMPACT - A TECHNICAL REPORT
`
`3.1
`
`Speed Comparison
`
`If you're looking for more speed out of the Internet, then
`DSL is the best solution for you. You can download a
`2.5MB file in just under 3 min. and browse through 25 web
`pages in about 13 sec. [7]. The speed comparison from
`analog to digital is shown in Table 1.
`
`Japan experienced the greatest growth, adding 1.4
`
`million DSL subscribers in the first quarter, giving it 7
`
`million in total. This puts Japan at the top of the world
`DSL league table, a fraction ahead of the U.S., with
`
`South Korea not far behind (Fig. 5). China showed the
`second-highest aggregate growth, adding 680,000 lines
`
`3.2
`
`Factors Affecting the Experienced Data Rate
`
`for a total ofnearly 3 million.
`
`DSL modems follow the data rate multiples established
`by North American and European standards. In general,
`the maximum range for DSL without a repeater is 5 .5 km
`(18,000 feet). As distance decreases toward the telephone
`company office, the data rate increases. Another factor
`is the gauge of the copper wire. The heavier 24-gauge
`wire carries the same data rate farther than 26-gauge wire
`(Table2).
`
`4.
`
`DSL GROWTH POTENTIAL
`
`More new DSL subscribers were signed up globally in the
`first quarter of2003 than in any previous quarter, 5.5 million
`lines were added around the world, bringing the total to
`41.4 million, according to market research firm Point Topic
`Limited [8].
`
`Up to the end of second quarter of the year 2003, there
`
`were 46. 7 million DSL subscribers around the world, 10. 7
`million of whom signed up during the first six months of
`
`2003, according to the DSL Forum and broadband research
`
`house Point Topic Ltd. More than 75% of that growth was
`
`added by just seven countries (Table 3).
`
`Table 4 provides DSL and Phone lines Penetration rate of
`
`Top 20 countries around the world at the end of the first
`
`quarter of 2003.
`
`5.
`
`INTERNATIONAL DSL PRICES
`
`DSL prices are reducing tremendously in worldwide.
`
`Table 5 shows the price ofDSL in USA for year 2003.
`
`TYPE OF DATA
`
`FILE LENGTH
`
`28.SKbps MODEM
`
`DSL-384 Kbps
`
`DSL- l.5Mbps
`
`TABLE 1. SPEED COMPARISON FROM ANALOG TO DIGITAL
`
`Browsing the Net-25 web
`pages with text and
`graphics
`
`A 20 -second Video
`
`Download entire Netscape
`4.0 or Internet Explorer
`4.0 browser software
`
`2.5Mb
`
`8Mb
`
`25Mb
`
`12 Minutes
`
`52 Seconds
`
`13 Seconds
`
`37 Minutes
`
`2 ¾ Minutes
`
`43 Seconds
`
`120 Minutes
`
`8 2/3 Minutes
`
`2 1/5 Minutes
`
`Data Rate (Mbps)
`
`Wire Gauge (A WO)
`
`Distance (Feet)
`
`Wire Size (mm)
`
`Distance (Kilometers)
`
`TABLE 2. CLAIMED DSL PHYSICAL-MEDIA PERFORMANCE
`
`1.5 or 2
`
`1.5 or 2
`
`6.1
`
`6.1
`
`24
`
`26
`
`24
`
`26
`
`18,000
`
`15,000
`
`12,000
`
`9,000
`
`0.5
`
`0.4
`
`0.5
`
`0.4
`
`5.5
`
`4.6
`
`3.7
`
`2.7
`
`[ml
`
`MEHRAN UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, VOWME 24, NO. 3, JULY, 2005 ( ISSN 0254-7821]
`
`IPR2022-00833
`CommScope, Inc. Exhibit 1015
`Page 5 of 12
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`

`

`IMPLEMENTATION OF DSL IN PAKISTAN-GROWTH, POTENTIAL AND BANDWIDTH IMPACT - A TECHNICAL REPORT
`
`6.
`
`DSL IN PAKISTAN
`
`In keeping with the pace of development in Information
`Technology and Telecommunication around the world,
`the state telecom, PTCL (Pakistan Telecommunication
`Company Limited), has been taking initiatives to modernize
`its network and introduce as many new services and
`solutions as possible. In this connection, one of the
`initiatives taken in January 2002 has yielded results through
`launch of Project for DSL in collaboration with the private
`sector. This new Project, providing both narrow and broad
`
`services is operative enabling Pakistan to join the countries
`providing broadband access to their customers.
`
`To achieve this, PTCL has signed O&M Contracts with
`four private sector operators namely Habib Rafiq
`International, Micronet Broadband, Multinet Broadband
`and Sysnet Pakistan to deploy countrywide DSL networks.
`First such service from Islamabad is being inaugurated by
`the Minister for Science & Technology on 9th July, 2002.
`To support national and international transport of high(cid:173)
`speed services, PTCL has already established a high speed
`
`:§
`..I
`en
`0
`
`• .. :s
`C -I
`... 0 • ,,
`Ii .. ::,
`,I: ..
`
`0
`
`8000
`
`7000
`
`6000
`
`5000
`
`4000
`
`3000
`
`2000
`
`1000
`
`0
`
`'§I'~
`
`--------------1 ■ 04 2002
`ca1 2003
`
`Source: Point Topic
`FIG. 5. TOP TEN DSL COUNTRIES BY NUMBER OF LINES
`
`TABLE 3. DSL GROWTH IN Qt 2003-(7 COUNTRIES ADD MORE THAN 500,000)
`
`Country
`
`Japan
`
`China
`us
`
`France
`
`Germany
`
`Italy
`
`UK
`
`Total DSL Subscribers.*
`(Million)
`
`Additions During First
`6 Months of 2003 (Million)
`
`8.257
`
`4 .100
`
`7.576
`
`2.039
`
`3.865
`
`1.435
`
`1.072
`
`*Figures as of 30th June,2003
`Source: DSL Forum and Point Topic Ltd.
`
`2.617
`
`1.88
`
`1.125
`
`0 .673
`
`0 .655
`
`0.525
`
`0.520
`
`MEHRAN UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME 24, NO. 3, JULY, 2005 [ ISSN 0254-7821)
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`[ml
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`IPR2022-00833
`CommScope, Inc. Exhibit 1015
`Page 6 of 12
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`IMPLEMENTATION OF DSL IN PAKISTAN-GROWTH, POTENTIAL AND BANDWIDTH IMPACT - A TECHNICAL REPORT
`
`IP backbone in the country on SMW-3 and arranged large
`international IP bandwidth. By the launch ofDSL service
`in partnership with private sector, Pakistan will be in the
`leagues of nations offering state-of-the-art broadband
`solutions. The Operators of Hybrid Fiber Coaxial, Wireless
`& Satellite offering broadband services are also in full
`swing.
`
`In Pakistan MBL (Micronet Broadband (Pvt.) Limited) was
`the first service provider that has launched DSL services
`in Pakistan in collaboration with PTCL on 1 Othe July, 2002,
`which offers high-speed integrated access to data, Internet,
`and many other exciting services.
`
`6.1.
`
`Implementing the DSL in Pakistan
`
`Developed countries may have numerous ways of making
`Internet connections swifter; some boldly imaginative web
`commentators can even see power lines being employed
`for Internet connections. Pakistan, though, has two major
`and feasible options. These are the use of the DSL and the
`cable television network all over the country. For over 2
`millions Internet users in Pakistan, browsing the web is no
`ordinary feat. It requires, among other things, tons of
`patience and perseverance. No matter what Internet
`browser you are using, or whatever equipment (modem,
`computer), you have to wait for an eternity, at times much
`to your chagrin, only to see an obnoxious sign proclaiming
`"Web page unavailable".
`
`Country
`
`South Korea
`
`Taiwan
`
`Hong Kong
`
`Japan
`
`Belgium
`
`Denmark
`
`Iceland
`
`Israel
`
`Singapore
`
`Germany
`
`Finland
`
`Canada
`
`Sweden
`
`Norway
`
`Switzerland
`
`Estonia
`
`Spain
`
`France
`
`Italy
`
`Netherlands
`
`TABLE 4. DSL PENETRATION OF PHONE LINES - TOP 20 COUNTRIES
`
`DSL Penetration
`(%)
`
`DSL Subscription on 30th June,
`2003 (Thousands)
`
`Total Phone Lines
`(Millions)
`
`29.7
`
`16.54
`
`16.08
`
`15.54
`
`12.65
`
`11.5
`
`10.47
`
`10.42
`
`9.84
`
`9.5
`
`9.29
`
`9.14
`
`8.13
`
`8.13
`
`7.75 .
`
`7.53
`
`7.32
`
`5.99
`
`5.86
`
`5.43
`
`6,811
`
`2,142
`
`629
`
`8,257
`
`644
`
`378
`
`20
`
`325
`
`192
`
`3,865
`
`259
`
`1,868
`
`484
`
`188
`
`317
`
`38
`
`1,301
`
`2,039
`
`1,435
`
`543
`
`22.93
`
`12.95
`
`3. 91
`
`53. 14
`
`5.09
`
`3.29
`
`0.19
`
`3.12
`
`1.95
`
`40.67
`
`2.79
`
`20.43
`
`5.96
`
`2.31
`
`4.09
`
`0.50
`
`17.77
`
`34.03
`
`24.49
`
`9.99
`
`SOURCE: DSL FORUM AND POINT TOPIC LTD.
`
`MEHRAN UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, VOWME 24, NO. 3, JULY, 2005 ( ISSN 0254-7821)
`
`IPR2022-00833
`CommScope, Inc. Exhibit 1015
`Page 7 of 12
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`IMPLEMENTATION OF DSL IN PAKISTAN-GROWTH, POTENTIAL AND BANDWIDTH IMPACT - A TECHNICAL REPORI'
`
`Broadly speaking three factors affect the speed of an
`Internet connection. Firstly, the number of subscribers
`online with an ISP (Internet Service Provider) determines
`the speed of an Internet connection. The more is,
`unfortunately, not the merrier. An efficient ISP maximizes
`the number of subscribers without compromising on the
`speed. If it offers reliable connections, it may get away
`with charging a little more than what other sloppy ISPs are
`charging.
`
`If an ISP has acquired, say, 100 telephone lines from the
`PTCL, how many subscribers should it have? "On 100
`telephone connections, 1,000 subscribers may get average
`speed, 800 fast speed and 1,200 slow speed" .
`
`Secondly, the speed of an Internet connection depends
`on bandwidth quality: "The PTCL offers 2MB bandwidth
`to ISPs at three monthly rates: $30,000 (marine cables),
`$40,000 (satellite) and $8,000 (shared access). The costlier,
`the better". When ISPs choose the shared access option,
`one 2MB pipe o• .ered by PTCL may be shared by four
`ISPs, with each ISP theoretically alloweJ to utilize only
`one quarter of the bandwidth.
`
`Thirdly, the speed of an Internet connection depends on
`the computer set employed by an end-user. If user's modem
`(modulator/demodulator) is faulty or if user's set has
`networking problems with a large number of undeleted
`files, he will certainly have a hard time browsing the net.
`The solution of all these problems is DSL.
`
`As, Firstly, DSL technology allows consumers to access
`the Internet at much higher speeds than the widely used
`ISDN. In other words, telephone lines that an ISP acquires
`from the PTCL have, at present, a certaii:t data-carrying
`capacity. DSL technology enhances that capacity in a big
`way. It is heartening to note that the PTCL plans to espouse
`this technology.
`
`The PTCL is fast realizing the importance of coaxial cables.
`In western countries, the coaxial cable can serve three
`purposes at the same instant: it can carry data (Internet),
`Video (TV Channels), and voice (phone). The advantage
`of acquiring an Internet connection over a coaxial cable is
`that it keeps your telephone unengaged, thus keeping
`your telephone bill within limits.
`
`Type
`
`Residential
`
`Residential
`
`Residential
`
`Residential
`
`Residential
`
`Business
`
`Business
`
`Business
`
`Business
`
`Business
`
`Business
`
`Business
`
`Tl
`
`Tl
`
`Tl
`
`TABLE S. DSL PRICES FOR U.S.A FOR THE YEAR 2003
`
`Down Load and Up Load Speed
`
`Bandwidth Included
`
`USA Monthly Price
`
`384Kbps/128Kbps
`
`608Kbps/128Kbps
`
`1.5Mbps/128Kbps
`
`1.5Mbps/384Kbps
`
`3.0Mbps/384Kbps
`
`144Kbps/144Kbps
`
`192Kbps/192Kbps
`
`384Kbps/384Kbps
`
`768Kbps/768Kbps
`
`1.lMbps/1.lMbps
`
`1.5Mbps/384Kbps
`
`3.0Mbps/384Kbps
`
`384Kbps/384Kbps
`
`768Kbps/768Kbps
`
`1.5Mbps/1.5Mbps
`
`NIA
`
`20Kbps
`
`25Kbps
`
`50Kbps
`
`80Kbps
`
`50Kbps
`
`55Kbps
`
`80Kbps
`
`·lO0Kbps
`
`120Kbps
`
`90Kbps
`
`120Kbps
`
`150Kbps
`
`170Kbps
`
`200Kbps
`
`$55
`
`$75
`
`$100
`
`$120
`
`$225
`
`$170
`
`$175
`
`$220
`
`$275
`
`$345
`
`$225
`
`$375
`
`$450
`
`$600
`
`$750
`
`MEHRAN UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, VOWME 24, NO. 3, JULY, 2005 [ ISSN 0254-7821)
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`[ml
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`Page 8 of 12
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`IMPLEMENTATION OF DSL IN PAKISTAN-GROWTH, POTENTIAL AND BANDWIDTH IMPACT - A TECHNICAL REPORT
`
`In the final analysis, the magnitude of success that
`Pakistan makes in the IT sector will depend on the number
`of households, which have cable television connections.
`In India, 30 million households have Cable Television
`connections, while its National Association of Software
`and Service Companies estimates that there are 4.8 million
`Internet users in the country [9]. In Pakistan, even the
`PEMRA (Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority)
`has no clue how many people have cable television
`connections. Normally Cable operators try to conceal the
`number of subscribers they serve because PEMRA
`charges are in proportion to the number of subscribers.
`Under the Class H (B-1) licence type, if a cable television
`operator serves Rs. 1,000/- end-users, he has to pay Rs.
`50,00/- licence issue fee and Rs. 25,000/- annual fee. Ifhe
`serves Rs. 5,000/- end-users, he has to pay Rs. 100,000/(cid:173)
`licence issue fee and Rs. 50,000/- annual fee.
`
`According to recent research (July, 2004) from PTA
`(Pakistan Telecommunication Authority), in Pakistan there
`are two types ofDSL operators (a) who arc. providing DSL
`service through O&M agreement with PTCL; and (b) who
`have signed interconnect agreement with PTCL. Currently
`
`there are 2.573 millions Internet subscribers out of home
`2852 subscribers are using DSL services in the country.
`The study was conducted in nine (9) major cities of
`Pakistan, which includes Karachi, Hyderabad, Lahore,
`Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Fasialabad, Peshawar, Sialkot, and
`Quetta. Currently there are five DSL operators in Pakistan.
`
`The existing coverage of DSL operators in Pakistan is
`shown in Fig. 6.
`
`Table 6 shows the total number of exchanges and cities
`covered by each DSL operator in Pakistan.
`
`According to the research up to the July, 2004, the numbers
`of customers using DSL service of a particular company is
`shown in Table 7.
`
`According to number of customers utilizing the DSL
`service the market share of the each DSL operator in
`Pakistan, as per study, is as under (Fig. 7).
`
`Keeping these facts and figures we can analyze the factors,
`which are hampering DSL market in Pakistan. The following
`are the major impediments in the development of the DSL
`market in Pakistan. These are namely:
`
`TABLE 6. TOTAL NUMBER OF EXCHANGES AND CITIES COVERED BY EACH OPERTOR
`
`Cities
`
`Micronet
`
`Multinet
`
`Total exchanges
`
`Cities covered
`
`32
`
`5
`
`37
`
`2
`
`HRI
`
`22
`
`5
`
`Dancom
`
`Cyber.Net
`
`27
`
`8
`
`33
`
`5
`
`Source: _Pakistan Telecommunication Authority
`
`[ill]
`
`MEHRAN UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, VOWME 24, NO. 3, JULY, 2005 ( ISSN 0254-7821)
`
`IPR2022-00833
`CommScope, Inc. Exhibit 1015
`Page 9 of 12
`
`

`

`IMPLEMENTATION OF DSL IN PAKISTAN-GROWTH, POTENTIAL AND BANDWIDTH IMPACT - A TECHNICAL REPORT
`
`The coverage of existing five DSL operators is
`too low ( only 9 out of total prospective 1819 cities
`are being covered at the moment).
`
`Very limited choice is available for both existing
`and prospective DSL users to select their
`operator.
`
`Lack of competition in DSL market has resulted
`in high prices and service with low or no
`consideration toward quality of service.
`
`In the most cases DSL operators are providing
`the services with a redundancy -less connectivity
`-locally and internationally, which adds to the
`non-availability of the services to the end user.
`
`Most of operators have acquired insufficient
`Bandwidth and international connectivity despite
`the fact the cost for the same has been reduced
`considerably over the past few years [10).
`
`6.2. DSL prices in Pakistan
`
`Prices for DSL in Pakistan vary from one service provider
`to another. Table 8 shows the price package that the
`
`Micronet Broadband (Pvt) Ltd is offering in Pakistan.
`
`This package is for customers with limited Internet
`
`access requirement; with reasonable uploads/
`
`downloads e.g. Individuals, small an9d medium size
`
`businesses.
`
`In Pakistan Multinet Broadband has started DSL service
`
`in the some parts of Karachi [11 ]. Its DSL Broadband shared
`
`service from Rs. 7,500/month for 128Kbps (ADSUSDSL),
`
`256Kbps (ADSUSDSL) Rs. 14, 000/month and Rs. 26,000/
`
`month for 512 Kbps (ADSL/SDSL), apart from these
`
`packages their requirements are as follows. One time
`
`installation cost is Rs. 5,000/, customer is required to
`
`purchase a DSL modern, and estimated cost for DSL modem
`
`is Rs. 9,000/.
`
`TABLE 7. NlJMER OF CUSTOMERS ULTLIZING THE DSL SERVICE IN PAKISTAN
`
`Number of Customers
`
`Month
`
`Micronet
`
`Multinet
`
`Dancom
`
`July 2004
`
`1069
`
`950
`
`400
`
`HIR
`
`200
`
`Cyber.Net
`
`233
`
`Total
`
`2852
`
`SOURCE: PAKISTAN TELECOMMUNICATION AUTHORITY
`
`Cyber.Net
`
`HIR
`14%
`
`Dancom
`7%
`
`Multinet
`33%
`
`FIG. 7. MARKET SHARE OF EACH DSL OPERTOR
`SOURCE:PAKISTAN TELECOMMUNICATION AUTHORITY
`
`MEHRAN UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, VOWME 24, NO. 3, JULY, 2005 ( ISSN 0254-7821)
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`IMPLEMENTATION OF DSL IN PAKISTAN-GROWTH, POTENTIAL AND BANDWIDTH IMPACT - A TECHNICAL REPORT
`
`7.
`
`DSL DOMINATES THE WORLD
`BROADBAND GROWTH
`
`The broadband market continued the strong momentum it
`displayed in 2003, adding a record 12.2m lines in the first
`quarter of 2004, to reach a worldwide total of 111.7m lines
`by 31 March 2004. DSL remained the main driver of growth,
`with worldwide lines reaching 73.5m, compared to 38.2m
`for cable modems and other technologies.
`
`The entire world's biggest or "GT' economies are now in
`the broadband 'top ten'. They collectively added a massive
`10.lm lines, which makes up 80% of the total broadband
`lines added in Ql 2004 (8, 12]. This continues the general
`trend of high growth set in 2003 by these countries, and
`shows the increasing popularity of broadband in general
`amongst mainstream Internet users.
`
`USA remains the world's largest broadband market, now
`with over 27 .4m broadband lines. China is in second place
`(overtaking Japan) and is gaining ground on USA with
`15. lm lines.
`
`Looking at the DSL and cable modem markets separately,
`China is the clear leader in DSL with almost 14m lines at
`
`the end of March 2004. It overtook Japan towards the end
`of 2003, and is now consolidating its lead as the world's
`largest market for DSL.
`
`In contrast USA remains the leading market for cable
`modems with almost 17m subscriptions by the end of
`March 2004. South Korea and Japan continue to lag behind
`in distant second and third place, approaching 5m and 4m
`lines respectively.
`
`Comparatively, DSL remains the leading broadband
`technology with a 65.8% share of the world's mass-market
`subscribers. The remainder of the market is made up of
`cable modems and other technologies such a fiber, satellite
`and fixed wireless access.
`
`8.
`
`CONCLUSIONS
`
`The increasing availability of new and diverse technology
`is helping DSL to take a commanding lead in the global
`broadband access market. With more than half of the
`world's broadband subscribers now using one variation
`of the technology or another and the DSL Forum claiming
`to be on target for global subscriber numbers to reach 250
`million over the next two years.
`
`TABLE 8. THE PRICE PACKAGES THAT MICRONET BROADBAND (PVT) LTD IS OFFERING IN PAKISTAN
`
`DSL Connect - Unlimited Time, Limited Usage Validity: 30 Days
`
`Traffic Allowed
`Per Month
`(Data Upload +
`Download)
`
`Connectivity
`
`64 K
`
`128 K
`
`256 K
`
`512 K
`
`Rate Per Additional
`100 MB
`
`Package
`
`DSL Connect 2
`
`DSL Connect 4
`
`DSL Connect 6
`
`DSL Connect 8
`
`DSL Connect 12
`
`DSL Connect 24
`
`DSL Connect 48
`
`DSL Connect 96
`
`2GB
`
`4GB
`
`6GB
`
`8GB
`
`12 GB
`
`24 GB
`
`48 GB
`
`96GB
`
`Rs. 3,600/-
`
`Rs. 3,600/-
`
`Rs. 6,480/-
`
`Rs. 6,480/-
`
`-
`
`Rs. 8,995/-
`
`Rs. 11,610/-
`
`Rs. 11,610/-
`
`-
`
`-
`
`-
`-
`
`Rs. 15,480/-
`
`Rs. 15,480/-
`
`Rs. 15,480/-
`
`-
`
`-
`
`-
`
`Rs. 29,070/-
`-
`-
`
`Rs. 29,070/-
`
`Rs. 52,290/-
`
`Rs. 52,290/-
`
`-
`
`Rs. 93,690/-
`
`-
`
`-
`
`-
`-
`
`-
`
`-
`
`Rs. 145/-
`
`Rs. 135/-
`
`Rs. 130/-
`
`Rs. 126/-
`
`Rs. 117/-
`
`Rs. 108/-
`
`Rs. 99/-
`
`Rs. 90/-
`
`SOURCE: www.micronetbroadband.net.pk
`
`[ml
`
`MEHRAN UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, VOWME 24, NO. 3, JULY, 2005 [ ISSN 0254-78211·
`
`IPR2022-00833
`CommScope, Inc. Exhibit 1015
`Page 11 of 12
`
`

`

`IMPLEMENTATION OF DSL IN PAKISTAN-GROWTH, POTENTIAL AND BANDWIDTH IMPACT - A TECHNICAL REPORT
`
`
`
` View publication stats View publication stats
`
`According to recent research from UK-based analysts
`Point Topic, 56.5% of the world's broadband subscribers
`are connected through DSL, followed by cable modem
`(38%) and Gigabit Ethernet ( 4.7% ). While the majority of
`these subscribers are using ADSL for their connectivity,
`Point Topic notes that VDSL is starting to take hold and a
`range of new technologies should soon hit the market and
`further drive growth.
`
`this paper authors have purposed some
`In
`recommendations are made to PTCL for future DSL
`potential.
`
`ACKNOLWEDGEl\IBNT
`
`The authors acknowledge and wish to offer thanks to
`Department of Electronic, Telecommunication and
`Biomedical Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering
`and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan, for encouraging and
`providing technical facilities for the completion of this
`research paper.
`
`[2]
`
`[3]
`[4]
`
`[5]
`
`REFERENCES
`Khand, Z.H., "ADSL in Pakistan", Science.dot.com
`[l)
`Dawn Group of Newspapers, Karachi, 30t
`September, 2002.
`Rehmani, S., Rajput, A.Q.K., and Shaikh, M.Z., "
`Critical Comparison of ADSL, ADSL2+With ISDN'
`Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering
`Technology, Volume 22, No. 4, pp. 269-276, Jamshor
`Pakistan, October, 2003.
`http://www.dsl.net.pk.html
`http://www.micronetbroadband.net. pk.html
`Goralski, W.J., "DSL System Requirements Report
`ANSI Document T1El.4/97-133Rl, Chicago, June, I
`Comer, D.E., "Computer Network and Intemets wi
`Internet Applications ", Third Edition, Inform
`Publishers, ISBN 0-13-093581-6, 2001.
`http://www.dslreports.com.
`
`[6]
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`[7)
`
`[8]
`[9)
`
`[10)
`
`[11)
`
`[12)
`
`http: