(12) United States Patent
`Hayes, Jr. et al.
`
`USOO6295448B1
`(10) Patent No.:
`US 6,295,448 B1
`(45) Date of Patent:
`Sep. 25, 2001
`
`(54) SHORT DISTANCE COMMUNICATION AND
`REMOTE CONTROL CAPABILITY FOR
`
`9/1998 Salazar et al. ....................... 455/420
`5,802.467
`5,909,183 * 6/1999 Borgstahl et al. ..
`... 340/825.22
`
`MOBILE TELEPHONES
`
`5,963,624 * 10/1999 Pope - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
`
`... 379/110.01
`
`(*) Notice:
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 09/158,025
`(22) Filed:
`Sep. 21, 1998
`7
`(51) Int. Cl. .............................. HO4M 3700; HO4O 7/20;
`G08C 19/00
`(52) U.S. Cl. .......................... 455/420; 455/454; 455/556;
`340/825.72
`(58) Field of Search ..................................... 455/375, 403,
`455/414, 462, 415, 420, 450, 454, 550,
`552, 553, 556, 1514; 379/110.01, 38, 102.03,
`56.3,355, 142, 93.23; 240/825.69, 825.72
`
`5/2000 Arai et al. ............................ 369/112
`6,061,324
`6,061,435 * 5/2000 Grundvig et al.
`379/102.03
`(75) Inventors: EEEWit; 6,161,005
`12/2000 Pinzon ................................. 455/403
`s
`y,
`6,195,548 * 2/2001 Schultheiss .....
`... 455/419
`NC (US)
`6,223,029
`4/2001 Stenman et al. ..................... 455/420
`(73) Assignee: Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`(publ) (SE)
`O9037345
`2/1997 (JP) ................................. HO4O/7/38
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`94/01963 * 1/1994 (WO).
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`* cited by examiner
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`Primary Examiner Vivian Chang
`Assistant Examiner-Charles N. Appiah
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm Jenkens & Gilchrist
`(57)
`ABSTRACT
`A method and apparatuS for effectuating unidirectional and
`bidirectional communication directly between a mobile tele
`phone and another device without the use of a mobile
`telephone System to carry the communication. A communi
`cation path and a communication format are assigned to the
`mobile telephone and the device either through a fixed
`preassignment or dynamically by the mobile telephone
`System. The communication path constitutes a portion of a
`radio spectrum assigned to the mobile telephone System, and
`the communication format includes a modulation type and a
`communication protocol. The communication path is
`removed from a Set of communication paths allocated for
`use by the mobile telephone System and the communication
`path and communication format are Stored in Separate
`memories located in the mobile telephone and the device.
`Controllers located within the mobile telephone and the
`device initi
`ication di
`1W b
`h
`bill
`evice initiate communication directly between the mobile
`telephone and the other device on the assigned COU
`cation path using the assigned communication format.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`8/1967 Tolson.
`3,337,992
`5,109,222 : 4/1992 Welty.
`g E. Eigh al. ................... 455/420
`21 - -a-
`f
`rube et al. .
`5,335,276
`8/1994 Thompson et al. .
`5,450,438 * 9/1995 Landry et al. ....................... 375/222
`5,491,831
`2/1996 Williams et al. .
`5,608,778
`3/1997 Partridge, III ....................... 455/411
`5,671,267 * 9/1997 August et al. ...
`5,739,748
`4/1998 Flick .................................... 340/426
`
`21 Claims, 4 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`ASSIGN COMMUNICATION PATH
`
`400
`
`REMOVE COMMUNICATION PATH FROM SYSTEM
`
`410
`
`ASSIGN COMMUNICATION FORMAT
`
`420
`
`
`
`
`
`ASSIGN MODULATION TYPE r
`
`ASSIGN COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL
`
`440
`
`430
`
`INITIATE BIDIRECTIONAL COMMUNICATION
`AS REQUIRED
`
`450
`
`Ex.1021
`APPLE INC. / Page 1 of 15
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`U.S. Patent
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`Sep. 25, 2001
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`Sheet 1 of 4
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`US 6,295,448 B1
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`U.S. Patent
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`Sep. 25, 2001
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`Sheet 2 of 4
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`US 6,295,448 B1
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`U.S. Patent
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`Sep. 25, 2001
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`Sheet 3 of 4
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`US 6,295,448 B1
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`U.S. Patent
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`Sep. 25, 2001
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`Sheet 4 of 4
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`US 6,295,448 B1
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`US 6,295,448 B1
`
`1
`SHORT DISTANCE COMMUNICATION AND
`REMOTE CONTROL CAPABILITY FOR
`MOBILE TELEPHONES
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`1. Technical Field of the Invention
`The present invention pertains in general to Short distance
`communication for mobile telephones, and more
`particularly, to a method and apparatus for effectuating short
`distance bidirectional and unidirectional communication
`between a mobile telephone and another device without
`using a mobile Serving telephone System to relay the com
`munication.
`2. Description of Related Art
`15
`Many products provide various forms of wireleSS com
`munication. A first category of wireleSS devices, Such as
`mobile telephones, cordless telephones, and two-way radios,
`provide bidirectional communication. A Second category of
`devices, Such as garage door openers, keyleSS entry Systems
`for automobiles, and remote control devices for home enter
`tainment equipment, provide unidirectional communication
`typically used for transmitting commands to remotely con
`trolled devices. The Second category further includes
`devices which perform unidirectional communication to
`transmit data. Such devices may include a computer to
`printer interface which allows a computer to transmit data to
`a printer or a personal organizer via wireleSS communica
`tion.
`Many future applications are envisioned for wireleSS
`communication Such as keyleSS access to buildings, auto
`mated teller machine interfaces, credit/debit card interfaces
`to point of Sale equipment, and airport check-in facilitators
`among others. Also envisioned is the ability to provide short
`35
`distance Voice communication between a mobile telephone
`and either another mobile telephone or Some other commu
`nication device without using a Serving mobile telephone
`System infrastructure to relay the communication. Examples
`include communication between two mobile telephones,
`wherein, the mobile telephone users are family members
`located at a shopping mall or theme park or who are
`traveling in Separate but proximate automobiles.
`In most instances, each of the current and envisioned
`applications require the use of Separate, different devices. It
`is desirable to combine Some or all of communications
`features provided by these devices into a Single unit. It
`would be advantageous if these features could be included
`into a mobile telephone. Due to the plethora of operating
`frequencies, data protocols, and modulation methods,
`however, Such a device would be complex and expensive
`thereby making it impractical. It would be advantageous
`therefore, to devise a method and apparatus for effectuating
`wireleSS communication, as has been described, using a
`mobile telephone with little or no modification to the mobile
`telephone hardware. It would further be advantageous for
`Such a method and apparatus to operate independent of the
`mobile telephone System infrastructure.
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`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`The present invention comprises a method and apparatus
`for effectuating unidirectional and bidirectional communi
`cation directly between a mobile telephone and another
`device without the use of a mobile telephone System to carry
`the communication. A mobile telephone refers hereinafter to
`any kind of radio communication equipment including, but
`not limited to, mobile Stations, pagers, communicators and
`
`60
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`2
`electronic organizers. In a first mode, the mobile telephone
`communicates in a conventional manner with the mobile
`telephone network. In a Second mode, a communication path
`and a communication format are assigned to the mobile
`telephone and the device either through a fixed preassign
`ment or dynamically assigned by the mobile telephone
`System. The assigned communication path constitutes a
`portion of a radio spectrum assigned to the mobile telephone
`System, and the communication format includes a modula
`tion type and a communication protocol. The assigned
`communication path is removed from a Set of communica
`tion paths allocated for use by the mobile telephone System
`and the communication path and communication format are
`Stored in memories located in the mobile telephone and the
`device. The communication path can be removed from a
`Single cell, a collection of cells or from the entire cellular
`telephone system. Controllers located within the mobile
`telephone and the device initiate communication directly
`between the mobile telephone and the other device on the
`assigned communication path and using the assigned com
`munication format.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`For a more complete understanding of the present
`invention, reference is made to the following detailed
`description taken in conjunction with the accompanying
`drawings wherein:
`FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of an embodiment of
`the present invention which provides unidirectional com
`munication between a mobile telephone and another device,
`wherein, assignment of a communication path and a com
`munication format for effectuating communication is fixed;
`FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a method for implementing the
`fixed assignment unidirectional communication apparatus
`described in FIG. 1;
`FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of an embodiment of
`the present invention which provides bidirectional commu
`nication between a mobile telephone and another device,
`wherein, assignment of a communication path and a com
`munication format for effectuating communication is fixed;
`FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a method for implementing the
`fixed assignment bidirectional communication apparatus
`described in FIG. 3;
`FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of an embodiment of
`the present invention which provides unidirectional com
`munication between a mobile telephone and another device,
`wherein, assignment of a communication path and a com
`munication format for effectuating communication is
`dynamic,
`FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of a method for implementing the
`dynamic assignment unidirectional communication appara
`tus described in FIG. 5;
`FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of an embodiment of
`the present invention which provides bidirectional commu
`nication between a mobile telephone and another device,
`wherein, assignment of a communication path and a com
`munication format for effectuating communication is
`dynamic, and
`FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of a method for implementing the
`dynamic assignment bidirectional communication apparatus
`described in FIG. 7.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`INVENTION
`The present invention utilizes a communication path from
`a plurality of communication paths allotted to a mobile
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`3
`telephone System to effectuate communication between two
`mobile telephones or between a mobile telephone and Some
`other device. According to the present invention, a mobile
`telephone System can be any kind of mobile wireleSS System
`Such as a Satellite mobile System or a Local Area Network
`(LAN) for data and/or voice communication. In an analog
`cellular telephone System a communication path comprises
`a radio frequency, in a Time Domain Multiple AcceSS
`(TDMA) cellular telephone system a communication path
`comprises a Specific time slot, and in other Systems a
`communication path is the equivalent of a communication
`channel. According to the present invention it is also poS
`Sible to utilize a part of a communication path in order to
`effectuate communication between two mobile telephones
`or between a mobile telephone and some other device. The
`present invention is not based on any particular mobile
`telephone System Standard and is applicable to all mobile
`telephone Systems. Communication is effectuated in the
`present invention in a manner Such that the infrastructure of
`the mobile telephone System is never used as an intermedi
`ary to carry voice and/or data traffic between the mobile
`telephones or between the mobile telephone and the other
`device. Direct communication of Voice and/or data, includ
`ing remote control commands, bidirectionally between the
`mobile telephones or other device, or alternatively, unidi
`rectionally from either the mobile telephone to the other
`device or from the other device to the mobile telephone over
`the communication paths normally allotted to the mobile
`telephone system with no involvement of the mobile tele
`phone System and its related infrastructure is referred to
`herein, and for the purpose of distinctly claiming the
`invention, as a &point-to-point communication.&
`In addition to assigning the mobile telephone(s) and/or
`other device(s) the communication path over which to
`transmit, the present invention also provides for assigning a
`communication format to follow when communicating. The
`communication format includes a communication protocol
`involving Such aspects as message size, message timing, and
`handshaking among others, and a technique for modulating
`an information signal on the communication path. The
`present invention allows the communication format, used to
`effectuate point-to-point communication, to either comply
`with, or deviate from, the mobile telephone System Standard.
`Following are examples of point-to-point communication.
`occurring in a manner compliant with the mobile telephone
`system standard. In an Advanced Mobile Phone Service
`(AMPS) system, point-to-point communication is effectu
`ated on a frequency modulated carrier in a thirty kilohertz
`channel. In a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA,
`D-AMPS) or Global System for Mobile communication
`(GSM) system, point-to-point communication is effectuated
`on a phase modulated carrier in a given time slot on a thirty
`kilohertz channel for D-AMPS and a two hundred kilohertz
`channel for GSM. In an Interim Standard 95 (IS-95) system,
`point-to-point communication is effectuated on a unique
`code assignment on a one million two hundred fifty thou
`Sand hertz channel.
`Alternatively, point-to-point communication may deviate
`from the mobile telephone System Standard. Deviation may
`occur in a variety of ways. For example, channel bandwidth
`may be exceeded or data rates can be either higher or lower
`than the Standard. Furthermore, communication protocols or
`power levels may not comply with the Standard. In a first
`example of a non-compliant manner for providing point-to
`point communication, a communication path power output
`control, presently included in mobile telephones, is used to
`amplitude modulate a carrier frequency as a means for
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`US 6,295,448 B1
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`4
`conveying the data and/or voice information. In a Second
`example of a non-compliant manner for providing point-to
`point communication, bursts of communication path energy
`are transmitted in a manner Such that the duration of the
`bursts or the timing of one burst with respect to another
`Subsequent burst is used to convey the data and/or voice
`information.
`The present invention includes three approaches for
`assigning the communication path and the communication
`format used for point-to-point communication. A first
`approach is referred to as a fixed assignment, wherein, the
`assignment of the communication path and the communi
`cation format are preprogrammed into the mobile telephone
`(s) and other device(s) with no involvement by the mobile
`telephone System. The communication path and the com
`munication format are preprogrammed in a variety ways.
`For example, the programming can occur at the time of
`manufacture or during first activation of the mobile
`telephone(s) and other device(s), wherein, the user Selects
`from a menu of options. Programming can also be accom
`plished through connection of functional modules to the
`mobile telephone(s) and other device(s) containing the pro
`gramming.
`A Second approach to assigning the communication path
`and the communication format is referred to as dynamic
`assignment. Using dynamic assignment, the mobile tele
`phone System initially, and following the occurrence of
`certain events or the passage of a specified period of time,
`instructs the mobile telephone(s) and other device(s) as to
`which communication path and communication format to
`use. The instructions are transmitted using Standard com
`munication methods of the existing mobile telephone Sys
`tem. Use of dynamic assignment requires that the mobile
`telephone(s) and other device(s) be equipped to communi
`cate with the mobile telephone System and to continually,
`periodically or on the occupance of an event Such as
`power-up, initiation of a related action or at the direction of
`a user, monitor transmissions from the mobile telephone
`System for instructions containing communication path and
`communication format assignments.
`Dynamic assignment allows greater flexibility in assign
`ing the communication path and the communication format
`by allowing the mobile telephone System to allocate
`resources of the mobile telephone System for point-to-point
`communication based on current traffic patterns and load
`conditions experienced by the mobile telephone System.
`This allows the mobile telephone System to vary the assign
`ments depending on a variety of factors, including, the time
`of day, day of the week, or geographic location of the mobile
`telephone(s) and other device(s) within the mobile telephone
`System, among others.
`A third approach for assigning the communication path
`and the communication format used for point-to-point com
`munication simply involves the use of both the fixed assign
`ment and the dynamic assignment approaches previously
`described. In this approach, an assignment is prepro
`grammed into the mobile telephone(s) and other device(s)
`but is subsequently modified by the mobile telephone system
`using dynamic assignment.
`Although dynamic assignment uses the mobile telephone
`System and its infrastructure to transmit communication path
`and communication format allocations, the mobile telephone
`System and its infrastructure is not used in either approach
`to carry Voice and/or data traffic comprising the point-to
`point communication. Furthermore, while fixed assignment
`may be used in any location, dynamic assignment may only
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`be used in locations where mobile telephone Service is
`available. Additionally, fixed and dynamic assignment may
`carry either bidirectional or unidirectional communication.
`Interference between point-to-point communications and
`communications carried by the mobile telephone System is
`avoided by assigning Separate communication paths for each
`type of communication. Interference between various point
`to-point communications is avoided by maintaining low
`transmission power levels which are possible due to the
`Short distance of the communication. Furthermore, more
`than one communication path may be assigned and used for
`Separate point-to-point communications.
`Referring now to FIG. 1, there is illustrated a functional
`block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention
`which provides unidirectional communication between a
`mobile telephone 100 and another device 110, wherein
`assignment of the communication path and the communi
`cation format are fixed. In this embodiment, a mobile
`telephone system 120 including a mobile telephone network
`130, a controller 140, and a plurality of base stations 150 are
`allotted the plurality of communication paths over which to
`operate. The allotted communication paths include a set of
`communication paths which are allocated by the mobile;
`telephone System 120 to carry data, Voice, control, and other
`mobile telephone system 120 traffic in a first conventional
`mode of operation. In addition to other functionality typi
`cally found in a mobile telephone, the mobile telephone 100
`includes a receiver 160, a transmitter 170, a transmitter
`output power control 180, a memory 190, and a controller
`205.
`The device 110 which receives unidirectional transmis
`sions from the mobile telephone 100 includes a receiver 200,
`a memory 210, a controller 220, and normal device func
`tionality 230. Unidirectional point-to-point communication
`between the mobile telephone 100 and the device 110 in a
`Second mode of operation carries any type of information
`including voice and/or data, but typically, the communica
`tion is a command to effectuate remote control over the
`device functionality 230. The controller 205 of the mobile
`telephone 100 communicates with the controller 220 of the
`device 110 by sending transmissions via the transmitter 170.
`The controller 220 of the device 110 receives the transmis
`Sions via the receiver 200. The transmitter 170 uses the
`modulation technique which is assigned to the mobile tele
`phone 100. For example, to perform amplitude modulation
`the transmitter output power control 180 varies the output
`power of the transmitter 170 to produce an amplitude
`modulated Signal.
`The device 110 can be any device, but typically, is a
`remotely controlled device for controlling the device func
`tionality 230 Such as a garage door opener, a keyleSS entry
`System for an automobile, or a remote control device for
`home entertainment systems. The device 110 may also be
`connected to a communication network 240 to communicate
`with databases or other computing devices.
`In this embodiment of the present invention, the commu
`nication path and the communication format are assigned
`with no intervention from the mobile telephone system 120.
`The communication path which is chosen for use in effec
`tuating point-to-point communication is, however, removed
`by the mobile telephone system 120 service provider from
`the Set of communication paths which are assigned by the
`mobile telephone system 120 to carry mobile telephone
`system 120 traffic. The communication path can be removed
`from a single cell, a collection of cells or from the entire
`cellular telephone System. The communication path and the
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`communication format are initially assigned prior to any
`point-to-point communication, and while the assignment can
`be changed Subsequent to the initial assignment, it is
`intended that the assignment remain fixed. More than one
`communication path and communication format may be
`assigned for point-to-point communication with multiple
`devices.
`ASSignment occurs in a variety of ways including, but not
`limited to, loading the communication path and the com
`munication format into the memory 190 of the mobile
`telephone 100 and the memory 210 of device 110 during
`manufacturing, attaching the memories 190 and 210 as
`modules to the mobile telephone 100 and the device 110, or
`loading the memories 190 and 210 when registering the
`mobile telephone 100 and the device 110 for use. In any
`event, once the communication path and the communication
`format are loaded into the mobile telephone 100 and the
`device 110, they are not easily changed. This assignment
`technique is referred to as fixed assignment. Once the mobile
`telephone 100 and device 110 have been assigned the
`communication path and the communication format, the
`controller 205 is ready to send transmissions over the
`assigned communication path using the assigned communi
`cation format to device 110 via transmitter 170. Although the
`description of FIG. 1 describes unidirectional communica
`tion from the mobile telephone 100 to the device 110,
`unidirectional communication from the device 110 to the
`mobile telephone 100 can be effectuated by replacing the
`receiver 200 in the device 110 with a transmitter 200'.
`ASSignment of the communication path and the communi
`cation format is accomplished by fixed assignment as has
`been described.
`Referring additionally now to FIG. 2, there is illustrated
`a flow diagram of a method for implementing the fixed
`assignment unidirectional communication apparatus
`described in FIG. 1. Prior to establishing unidirectional
`point-to-point communication between the mobile telephone
`100 and device 110 or from the device 110 to the mobile
`telephone 100, the communication path is assigned to the
`mobile telephone 100 and device 110 from the set of
`communication paths allocated to carry mobile telephone
`system 120 traffic (step 250) in a first conventional mode of
`operation. The communication path, which is assigned for
`point-to-point communication, is removed by the mobile
`telephone system 120 service provider from the set of
`communication paths allocated to carry mobile telephone
`system 120 traffic (step 260). The communication path can
`be removed from a Single cell, a collection of cells or from
`the entire cellular telephone system. The mobile telephone
`100 and device 110 are also assigned the communication
`format (Step 270) consisting of assigning the modulation
`type (Step 280) and assigning the communication protocol
`(step 290) for operation in a second mode of operation. The
`communication path and the communication format are
`initially assigned prior to any point-to-point communication
`and while the assignment can be changed Subsequent to the
`initial assignment, it is intended that the assignment remain
`fixed. More than one communication path and communica
`tion format may be assigned for point-to-point communica
`tion with multiple devices.
`ASSignment can occur in a variety of ways including, but
`not limited to, loading the communication path and the
`communication format into the memory 190 of the mobile
`telephone 100 and the memory 210 of device 110 during
`manufacturing, attaching the memories 190 and 210 as
`modules to the mobile telephone 100 and the device 110, or
`loading the memories 190 and 210 when registering the
`
`Ex.1021
`APPLE INC. / Page 8 of 15
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`

`

`US 6,295,448 B1
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`mobile telephone 100 and the device 110 for use. In any
`event, once the communication path and the communication
`format are loaded into the mobile telephone 100 and device
`110, they are not easily changed. Once the communication
`path and the communication format are assigned, the mobile
`telephone 100 can transmit information including voice
`and/or data as required (step 300).
`Referring additionally now to FIG. 3, there is illustrated
`a functional block diagram of an embodiment of the present
`invention which provides bidirectional communication
`between a mobile telephone 100 and another device 110,
`wherein assignment of the communication path and the
`communication format are fixed. In this embodiment, a
`mobile telephone system 120 including a mobile telephone
`network 130, a controller 140, and a plurality of base
`stations 150 are allotted the plurality of communication
`paths spectrum over which to operate in a first conventional
`mode of operation. The plurality of communication paths
`include a set of communication paths which are allocated by
`the mobile telephone system 120 to carry data, voice,
`control, and other mobile telephone system 120 traffic. In
`addition to other functionality typically found in a mobile
`telephone, the mobile telephone 100 includes a receiver 160,
`a transmitter 170, a transmitter output power control 180, a
`memory 190, and a controller 205.
`The device 110 communicates bidirectionally with the
`mobile telephone 100 and includes a receiver 200, a trans
`mitter 310, a memory 210, a controller 220, and normal
`device functionality 230. Bidirectional point-to-point com
`munication between the mobile telephone 100 and the
`device 110 in a Second mode of operation carries any type
`of information including voice and/or data. The controller
`205 of the mobile telephone 100 and the controller 220 of
`the device 110 communicate by Sending transmissions from
`the transmitter 170 to the receiver 200 and from the trans
`mitter 310 to the receiver 160. The transmitters 170 and 310
`use the modulation technique which is assigned to the
`mobile telephone 100 and the device 110. For example, to
`perform amplitude modulation, the transmitter output power
`control 180 of the mobile telephone 100 and the transmitter
`output power control of the device 110 located in the mobile
`telephone functionality 500 vary the output power of the
`transmitters 170 and 310 respectively to produce an ampli
`tude modulated Signal.
`The device 110 can be any device having any device
`functionality 230 including, but not limited to, another
`mobile telephone for effectuating bidirectional communica
`tion between the two mobile telephones, a wireleSS interface
`between an Automated Teller Machine (ATM) and the
`mobile telephone 100 for effectuating ATM transactions, or
`a wireleSS interface between point of Sale equipment and the
`mobile telephone 110 for effectuating electronic credit or
`debit transactions. The device 110 may also be connected to
`a communication network 240 to communicate with data
`bases or other computing devices. The connection to the
`communication network 240 allows the device 110 and the
`device functionality 230 to access various databases and
`computing devices which may be required by the device
`functionality 230. For example, in the cases where the
`device 110 is an interface to an ATM or an interface to a
`point of Sale equipment, the device functionality 230 uses
`the point-to-point communication of the present invention to
`request and receive Subscriber account information Stored in
`the memory 190 of the mobile telephone 100. This type of
`information is typically Stored on a bank card or credit card.
`Once the device functionality 230 receives the subscriber
`information, the device functionality 230 requests and
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`receives authorization to carry out the transaction from a
`financial institution, a database, or other authority via the
`communication network 240.
`In this embodiment of the present invention, the commu
`nication path and the communication format are assigned
`with no intervention from the mobile telephone system 120.
`The communication path which is chosen for use in effec
`tuating point-to-point communication is, however, removed
`by the mobile telephone system 120 service provider from
`the Set of communication paths which are assigned by the
`mobile telephone system 120 to carry mobile telephone
`system 120 traffic. The communication path can be removed
`from a single cell, a collection