`Sainton et al.
`
`54 ADAPTIVE OMNI-MODAL RADIO
`APPARATUS AND METHODS
`
`75 Inventors: Joseph B. Sainton, Newburg, Oreg.;
`Charles M. Leedom, Jr., Falls Church;
`Eric J. Robinson, Ashburn, both of Va.
`73 Assignee: Spectrum Information Technologies,
`Inc., Purchase, N.Y.
`
`21 Appl. No. 707,262
`22 Filed:
`Sep. 4, 1996
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`63 Continuation of Ser. No. 167,003, Dec. 15, 1993, aban
`doned.
`(51) Int. Cl. ................................................. H04Q 7/32
`52 U.S. C. ...
`... 455/553; 455/426; 455/557;
`455/566
`58 Field of Search .................................. 455/33.1, 33.2,
`455/33.4, 54.1, 54.2, 56.1, 74, 84, 89, 432,
`434, 435, 552, 524,553,426,557; 379/59,
`60
`
`56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`4,144,496 3/1979 Cunningham et al. ................ 455/54.1
`4,371,751
`2/1983 Hilligoss, Jr. et al..
`4,558,453 12/1985 Mimken.
`4,578,796 3/1986 Charalambous et al..
`4,741,049 4/1988 De Jager et al..
`4,811,420 3/1989 Avis et al..
`4,833,727 5/1989 Calvet et al..
`4,985,904
`1/1991 Ogawara.
`5,020,094 5/1991 Rash et al..
`5,077,834 12/1991 Andros et al..
`(List continued on next page.)
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`**Electronic Messaging System (EPS)”, Feb. 5, 1993, Com
`plex Architectures, Inc.
`
`
`
`USOO5854985A
`Patent Number:
`11
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`5,854,985
`Dec. 29, 1998
`
`“Motorola Paging & Wireless Data Group”, Bob Growney
`and William Davies, pp. 155 and 156, Portable Computers
`Wireless Communications, 1993.
`“Racotek', Richard Cortese and Larry Sanders, pp.
`176-178, Portable Computers and Wireless Communica
`tions, 1993.
`
`Primary Examiner Edward F. Urban
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm Sixbey, Friedman, Leedom &
`Ferguson; Charles M. Leedom, Jr.
`57
`ABSTRACT
`A frequency and protocol agile wireleSS communication
`product, and chipset for forming the Same, including a
`frequency agile transceiver, a digital interface circuit for
`interconnecting the radio transceiver with external devices,
`protocol agile operating circuit for operating the radio
`transceiver in accordance with one of the transmission
`protocols as determined by a protocol Signal and an adaptive
`control circuit for accessing a Selected wireleSS communi
`cation network and for generating the frequency control
`Signal and the protocol control Signal in response to a user
`defined criteria. Among the possible user defined criteria
`would be (1) the cost of sending a data message, (2) the
`quality of transmission link (signal strength, interference
`actual or potential), (3) the potential for being bumped off of
`the System (is Service provider at near full capacity), (4) the
`Security of transmission, (5) any special criteria which the
`user could variably program into his omni-modal wireless
`product based on the user's desires or (6) any one or more
`combinations of the above features that are preprogrammed,
`changed or overridden by the user. The disclosed invention
`allows wireleSS Service providers to broadcast electronically
`as part of any "handshaking'O procedure with a omni-modal
`wireless product information Such as (1) rate information
`and (2) information regarding System operating character
`istics Such as percent of System capacity in use and/or
`likelihood of being dropped. The disclosed invention creates
`a user oriented Source enrollment and billing Service in the
`wireleSS data market by establishing uniform Standard for
`“handshakes” to occur between cell service providers and
`omni-modal wireleSS products.
`
`15 Claims, 16 Drawing Sheets
`
`ANALOG
`bETECTOR:
`OEMODULATOR
`
`WGC
`- 26
`
`20
`DIGITALDE ll?
`MODULATOR
`28
`
`ANALOG WGC
`MODULATOR \gg
`
`GITAL
`MODULATOR
`
`lill
`62
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 1 of 30
`
`
`
`5,854,985
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`6/1992 Cubl
`tal
`5,122,795
`upley et al. .
`2-1/12
`5,127,042 6/1992 Gillig et al. ....................... 455/33.1 X
`5,134,709
`7/1992 Bi et all
`5,179,360
`1/1993 Suzuki. 455/86 X
`5,200,991
`4/1993 Motoyanagi.
`5,201,067 4/1993 Grube et al..
`
`8/1993 Ishii.
`5,239,701
`5,249,302 9/1993 Metroka et al..
`5,261,117 11/1993 Olson ................................. 455/54.2 X
`5,293,628 3/1994 Sasuta et al. ...................... 455/34.1 X
`5,301,359 4/1994 Van Den Heuvel et al. .......... 455/524
`5,343,513 8/1994 Kay et al. .......................... 455/34.1 X
`5,649,308 7/1997 Andrews ................................... 455/84
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 2 of 30
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`
`Sheet 1 of 16
`
`5,854,985
`
`
`
`
`
`HOLWINGQWEG
`:8010E1EQ
`9OTWNW
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 3 of 30
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`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`
`Sheet 2 of 16
`
`5,854,985
`
`FIG. 1B
`
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`108
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`PROCESSOR
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`110
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`C
`A.'
`- 58
`
`|
`
`- - - - - - - -
`
`112
`MEMORY
`
`DATANPUT-14
`116
`DATA OUTPUT
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 4 of 30
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`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`
`Sheet 3 of 16
`
`5,854,985
`
`#03
`
`
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 5 of 30
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`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`
`Sheet 4 of 16
`
`5,854,985
`
`
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 6 of 30
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`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`
`Sheet 5 of 16
`
`5,854,985
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`F L G H T S
`
`402
`
`
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 7 of 30
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`
`Sheet 6 of 16
`
`5,854,985
`
`909
`
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`
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`
`&= ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
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`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 8 of 30
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`
`Sheet 7 of 16
`
`5,854,985
`
`FG, 6A
`
`-608
`
`- - - - - - - as as or per
`
`• • • ** * * * «æ• • • • • • • • • • •=
`
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`
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`
`604
`oFTIONAL
`DISPLAY
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 9 of 30
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`Sheet 8 of 16
`FIG. 6B
`
`5,854,985
`
`650
`
`HAS
`USER REOUESTED
`SERVICE
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`654
`
`IS
`USER INRANGE
`OF CORDLESS
`SYSTEM
`
`S
`USER IN RANGE
`OF CELLULAR
`SYSTEM
`
`INDICATE NO
`SERVICE
`AVAILABLE
`
`
`
`
`
`SERVICE USER
`SERVICE USER
`REGUEST ON
`REQUEST ON
`CELLULAR PHONE CORDLESS PHONE
`SYSTEM
`SYSTEM
`
`
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 10 of 30
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`
`Sheet 9 of 16
`
`5,854,985
`
`
`
`704. 701
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 11 of 30
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`
`Sheet 10 of 16
`
`5,854,985
`
`
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 12 of 30
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`
`Sheet 11 of 16
`FIG. 9
`
`5,854,985
`
`902
`
`START
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`OBTAN VOICE
`PRICE
`INFORMATION
`
`
`
`
`
`OBTANDATA
`PRICE
`INFORMATION
`
`EVALUATE
`PRICE
`INFORMATION
`
`CONFIGURE FOR
`SELECTED
`SYSTEM
`
`CONNECT TO
`SELECTED
`SYSTEM
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 13 of 30
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`
`Sheet 12 of 16
`
`5,854,985
`
`FIG. 10
`
`1002
`
`
`
`1004
`CONTACT WIRELESS
`SERVICE PROVIDER
`
`
`
`1006
`OBTAIN SERVICE
`INFORMATION
`
`DO
`OTHER PROVIDERS
`EXIST
`
`
`
`
`
`COMPLE AND
`FORMAT SERVICE
`INFORMATION
`
`DETERMINE MODULATION
`AND FREQUENCY
`PROTOCOL
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`BROADCAST
`SERVICE
`INFORMATION
`
`
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 14 of 30
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`Sheet 13 of 16
`FIG. 11
`
`5,854,985
`
`1102
`
`
`
`
`
`1104
`ACCESS CARRIER
`CONTROL CHANNEL
`
`1106
`RECEIVE CARRIER
`COST INFORMATION
`
`
`
`1108
`STORE COST
`INFORMATION
`
`DO
`OTHER PROVIDERS
`EXIST
`
`
`
`NO
`
`
`
`1112
`
`EVALUATE COST
`NFORMATION
`
`14
`ESTABLISH
`CIRCUIT
`CONNECTION
`
`
`
`
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 15 of 30
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`
`Sheet 14 of 16
`
`5,854,985
`
`
`
`1204 --
`1202
`
`FIG. 12
`
`te
`
`DIPLEXER
`TRANSMITTER
`RECEIVER
`REFERENCE OSC.
`MIXER
`L.F.
`INTERFACE
`CONTROL
`NON-VOLATILE MEMORY
`
`1205
`
`208
`
`MAN CONTROL
`AUDIO PROCESSING
`
`FIG. 13
`
`
`
`REMOVABLE
`RF CARD
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 16 of 30
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`
`Sheet 15 of 16
`
`5,854,985
`
`FIG. 14
`
`1402
`
`1400
`
`CELLULAR
`TELEPHONE
`NETWORK OFFICE
`
`
`
`
`
`CELL SITE
`TRANSMITTER
`
`
`
`PAGENG
`SYSTEM
`
`1406
`-1
`
`1408
`BROADCAST
`ANTENNA
`
`OMN-MODAL
`DEVICE
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 17 of 30
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 29, 1998
`
`Sheet 16 of 16
`
`5,854,985
`
`FIG. 15
`
`1502
`
`
`
`
`
`S
`PAGER OMN
`MODAL
`
`NO
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`S
`PAGER IN USE
`
`YES
`
`
`
`1508
`EVERS
`AUTHORIZED
`?
`
`504
`SEND PAGE
`| NORMALLY
`2
`
`1510
`
`TIME
`DELAY
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`NO
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`TRANSMIT
`PAGE USING
`ALTERNATE SYSTEM
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 18 of 30
`
`
`
`5,854,985
`
`1
`ADAPTIVE OMNI-MODAL RADIO
`APPARATUS AND METHODS
`
`This application is a continuation of Ser. No. 08/167,003,
`filed Dec. 15, 1993, now abandoned.
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`This invention relates generally to frequency and protocol
`agile, wireleSS communication devices and Systems adapted
`to enable voice and/or data transmission to occur using a
`variety of different radio frequencies, transmission protocols
`and radio infrastructures.
`Many communication industry experts believe that a
`personal information revolution has begun that will have as
`dramatic an impact as did the rise of personal computers in
`the 1980s. Such experts are predicting that the personal
`computer will become truly “personal” by allowing virtually
`instant access to information anytime or anywhere. There
`exists no consensus, however, on the pace or form of this
`revolution.
`For example, the wireleSS communication industry is
`being fragmented by the emergence of a Substantial number
`of competing technologies and Services including digital
`cellular technologies (e.g. TDMA, E-TDMA, narrow band
`CDMA, and broadband CDMA), geopositioning services,
`one way and two-way paging Services, packet data Services,
`enhanced specialized mobile radio, personal computing
`Services, two-way Satellite Systems, cellular digital packet
`data (CDPD) and others. Fragmenting forces within the
`wireless communication industry have been further
`enhanced by regulatory actions of the U.S. government. In
`particular, the U.S. government is preparing to auction off
`portions of the radio Spectrum for use in providing personal
`communication Services (PCS) in a large number of rela
`tively Small contiguous regions of the country. The U.S.
`government is also proposing to adopt regulations which
`will encourage wide latitude among Successful bidders for
`the new radio spectrum to adopt innovative wireleSS tech
`nologies.
`Until the market for wireleSS communication has experi
`enced an extended "shake-Out' period it is unlikely that a
`clear winner or group of winners will become apparent. Any
`portable unit which is capable of interacting with more than
`one Service provider or radio infrastructure would obviously
`have advantages over a portable unit which is capable of
`accessing only a Single Service provider. Still better would
`be a portable unit which could be reprogrammed to interact
`with a variety of different service providers. Previous
`attempts to provide Such multimodal units have produced a
`variety of interesting, but less than ideal, product and
`method concepts.
`Among the known multi-modal proposals is a portable
`telephone, disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,127,042 to Gillig et
`al., which is adapted to operate with either a conventional
`cordless base station or cellular base station. U.S. Pat. No.
`5,179,360 to Suzuki discloses a cellular telephone which is
`capable of Switching between either an analog mode of
`operation or a digital mode of operation. Yet another
`approach is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,985,904 to Ogawara
`directed to an improved method and apparatus for Switching
`from a failed main radio communication System to a backup
`communication System. Still another proposal is disclosed in
`U.S. Pat. No. 5,122,795 directed to a paging receiver which
`is capable of Scanning the frequencies of a plurality of radio
`common carriers to detect the broadcast of a paging message
`over one of the carrierS Serving a given geographic region.
`
`2
`In U.S. Pat. No. 5,239,701 to Ishii there is disclosed a radio
`receiver which is responsive to an RF signal containing a
`plurality of channel frequencies, each having broadcast
`information, and a circuit for producing a wide band version
`of the received RF signal and a circuit for producing a
`narrow band version of the received RF signal.
`While multi-modal in some regard, each of the technolo
`gies disclosed in the above listed patents is highly Special
`ized and limited to a specific application. The Systems
`disclosed are clearly non-adaptive and are incapable of
`being easily reconfigured to adapt to different transmission
`protocols or different radio infrastructures. Recently,
`Motorola has announced beta testing of a System called
`“MoNet' which will allegedly allow users to operate on
`whatever wireleSS network happens to be available using
`protocol and frequency agile radio modems. The MoNet
`technology will be integrated in both networks and mobile
`devices and will permit first time users to fill out an
`electronic application, transmit it, and receive a personal ID
`to allow the user to operate on any of Several mobile
`networks yet receive just one bill. Another provider of an
`open system is Racotek of Minneapolis, Minn. which offers
`client Server architecture designed to be portable acroSS
`different mobile devices, host platforms, and radio infra
`StructureS.
`While the limited attempts to deal with the fragmentation
`of the wireleSS communication industry have had Some
`merits, no one has yet disclosed a truly Self adaptive,
`omni-modal wireleSS product which enables an end user to
`acceSS conveniently various wireleSS Services in accordance
`with a Selection process which is Sufficiently under the
`control of the end user.
`
`1O
`
`15
`
`25
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`A fundamental objective of the Subject invention is to
`overcome the deficiencies of the prior art by providing a
`truly omni-modal wireleSS product and method which is
`adaptive to the Selectively variable desires of the end user.
`Another more Specific object of the Subject invention in
`the provision of a product which would be capable of
`utilizing any one of the wireleSS data Services within a given
`geographic area based on a user determined criteria Such as:
`(1) the cost of sending a data message, (2) the quality of
`transmission link (signal strength, interference actual or
`potential), (3) the potential for being dropped from the
`System (is Service provider at near full capacity), (4) the
`Security of transmission, (5) any special criteria which the
`user could variably program into his omni-modal wireleSS
`product based on the user's desires or (6) any one or more
`combinations of the above features that are preprogramned,
`changed or overridden by the user.
`Yet another object of the subject invention is to provide an
`omni-modal wireless product which would allow for enor
`mous product differentiation. For example original equip
`ment manufacturers (OEM’s) could provide specialized
`interface features for the end user. Each OEM could provide
`Specialized hardware controls appropriate for various user
`groupS.
`Another object of the Subject invention is to provide an
`omni-modal wireleSS product which can allow for adaptive
`Service provider Selection based on user experience with
`Specific Service providers.
`A more Specific object of the Subject invention is to
`provide an omni-modal wireleSS product which would have
`the effect of inducing intense competition for customers
`among various wireleSS data Service providers based on
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 19 of 30
`
`
`
`15
`
`3
`quality of Service and price by allowing the user to easily
`and conveniently identify the service providers that best
`meet the user's performance requirements.
`Another object of the invention is to provide a network of
`omni-modal wireleSS products and Service providers which
`is designed to provide the most busineSS and profit making
`potential to the Service providers who best meet the varying
`demands of the greatest number of omni-modal wireleSS
`product users.
`Still another objective of the Subject invention is to
`promote and encourage introduction of innovative technol
`ogy which will Satisfy the desires of end users to receive the
`best possible quality wireleSS Service at the lowest possible
`cost by promoting real time adaptive price and Service
`competition among cell Service providers.
`Another objective of the subject invention is to allow
`wireleSS Service providers to broadcast electronically as part
`of any "handshaking” procedure with a omni-modal wireleSS
`product information Such as (1) rate information and (2)
`information regarding System operating characteristics Such
`as percent of System capacity in use and/or likelihood of
`being dropped.
`Still another objective of the subject invention is to create
`a user oriented Source enrollment and billing Service in the
`wireleSS data market by establishing uniform Standard for
`“handshakes” to occur between cell service providers and
`omni-modal wireleSS products.
`A more Specific object of the invention is to provide a
`Standard chip or chipset including a radio transceiver Spe
`cifically designed to be used in all types of omni-modal
`wireleSS products.
`A still more specific object of the invention is to provide
`a Standard radio chip or chipset adapted for use in all types
`of omni-modal wireleSS products including a variety of
`operational modes including operation on the U.S. public
`analog cellular telephone network (AMPS).
`Still another object of the invention is to provide a
`Standard radio chip or chipset for use in all types of
`omni-modal wireleSS products including circuitry for both
`voice and data communications over AMPS. Other Sup
`ported communications protocols would include CDPD
`which is a packet data service based on the AMPS network.
`These objects and others are achieved in the present
`invention by an omni-modal radio circuit implemented by a
`Standard radio computing chip or chipset which can Serve as
`a computer (special or general purpose), or as an interface to
`a general purpose personal computer. The chip preferably
`includes a modem and asSociated processing circuits. So that
`it can perform at least basic processing functions Such as
`displaying data, accepting input, etc., the chip may also
`incorporate at least a basic microprocessor. The processor
`may provide only predetermined functions, accessible
`through a standard applications programming interface, or in
`more advanced designs the processor can run other Software
`or firmware added by the product maker. Exemplary pro
`ceSSor functions of the chip include radio network interface
`control (call placement, call answering), Voice connection,
`data transmission, and data input/output. The chip can be
`used to implement a variety of omni-modal devices and can
`60
`provide computing resources to operate fundamental com
`munications programs.
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`FIGS. 1A and 1B are block schematic diagrams of an
`omni-modal radio communications circuit according to the
`present invention;
`
`25
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`65
`
`5,854,985
`
`5
`
`4
`FIG. 2 is a block Schematic diagram of an advanced
`cellular telephone implemented using an omni-modal radio
`communications circuit according to the present invention;
`FIG. 3 is a block Schematic diagram of a personal
`communicator implemented using an omni-modal radio
`communications circuit according to the present invention;
`FIG. 4A is a plan view of the front of a data transmission
`and display radiotelephone implemented using an omni
`compatible radio communications circuit;
`FIG. 4B is a plan view of the back of a data transmission
`and display radiotelephone implemented using an omni
`compatible radio communications circuit;
`FIG. 5 is a block Schematic diagram of a telephone/pager
`implemented using the present omni-modal radio commu
`nications circuit;
`FIG. 6A is a block schematic diagram of a dual mode
`cellular/cordless landline telephone implemented using the
`present omni-modal radio communications circuit;
`FIG. 6B is a flowchart showing a method of operation of
`a dual mode cellular/cordless landline telephone according
`to the present invention;
`FIG. 7 is a block Schematic diagram of a personal
`computer incorporating an omni-modal radio communica
`tions circuit;
`FIG. 8 is a block Schematic diagram of a Special purpose
`radio data transmitting device implemented using an omni
`modal radio communications circuit;
`FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a radio system selection
`method by which information carriers are Selected according
`to varying Specified criteria;
`FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a method of broadcasting
`local carrier information to facilitate carrier Selection by
`customers for a particular information transmission task,
`FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a handshake Sequence for
`arranging information transmission using the omni-modal
`device of the present invention;
`FIG. 12 is a plan view of a modular implementation of the
`omni-modal radio communications circuit of the present
`invention installed in a cellular telephone;
`FIG. 13 is a plan view of a modular implementation of the
`omni-modal radio communications circuit of the present
`invention installed in a personal computer;
`FIG. 14 is a block Schematic diagram showing a System
`for relaying paging Signals to the omni-modal device of the
`present invention using a cellular telephone System; and
`FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing a method of relaying
`paging Signals to the omni-modal device of the present
`invention.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
`A preferred embodiment of a Standardized radio process
`ing circuit 1 is shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B. The standardized
`radio processing circuit 1, shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B taken
`together, may be implemented on a Single VLSI chip or on
`a set of VLSI chips making up a chipset. AS will be seen, this
`chip or chipset provides a Standard building block which can
`be used to make a plurality of consumer products that
`provide data transmission capability. AS will be seen later
`with reference to FIGS. 2 through 8, by adding minimal
`external components to the Standardized circuit 1, a wide
`variety of products can be produced. Also, as will be seen,
`the Standardized circuit 1 can be advantageously imple
`mented on a removable card with a Standardized interface
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`connector or connectors, So that it can then be Selectively
`inserted into and removed from a variety of devices to
`provide the devices with radio information transmission
`capability.
`In terms of the preferred functional and operational char
`acteristics of circuit 1, it is particularly significant that this
`circuit provides a multi-modal or omni-modal communica
`tions capability. That is, circuit 1 can be adjusted by the user,
`or automatically under Stored program control, to transfer
`information over at least two different radio communications
`networks, and preferably all networks available in a particu
`lar area within the frequency range of the transceiver of
`circuit 1.
`Examples of radio communications networks which cir
`cuit 1 may be designed to use include commercial paging
`networks; the U.S. cellular telephone network or Advanced
`Mobile Phone System (AMPS); alternative cellular tele
`phone network Standards Such as the European Standard;
`digitally modulated radiotelephone Systems operating under
`various encoding techniques such as TDMA, CDMA,
`E-TDMA, and BCDMA; Cellular Digital Packet Data
`(CDPD); Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio (ESMR);
`ARDIS; Personal Cellular Systems (PCS); RAM; global
`positioning Systems, FM networks which transmit Stock
`prices or other information on Subcarriers, Satellite-based
`networks; cordless landline telephones (such as 49 Mhz and
`particularly 900 Mhz. systems); and wireless LAN systems.
`Preferably, circuit 1 is also designed to use the landline/
`public switched telephone network (PSTN).
`AS another feature, the omni-modal circuit 1 may perform
`local positioning calculations to accurately determine its
`location by monitoring precisely Synchronized timing Sig
`nals which may be broadcast by cell Sites for this purpose.
`If Such timing Signals were provided, the omni-modal circuit
`1 could receive the Signals, determine the relative time delay
`in receiving at least three Such Signals from different trans
`mitter locations, and triangulate to determine the distance of
`the omni-modal circuit to each of the transmitters. If the
`omni-modal circuit 1 is installed in a vehicle, this informa
`tion may be used to determine the location of the vehicle.
`AS will be seen, for each System which can be accessed
`by circuit 1, appropriate croSS connections are provided
`between the radio circuit or landline interface, as Selected,
`and Voice or data Sources and destinations. The appropriate
`croSS connections are established under program control and
`include conversions between digital and analog signal forms
`at appropriate points in cases where a signal in one form is
`to be transmitted using a method for which a different Signal
`form is appropriate. The operating parameters of the trans
`ceiver may be optimized by a digital Signal processor for
`either voice or data transmission.
`In addition, a library of command, control and data
`transmission protocols appropriate for each Supported SyS
`tem may be included in circuit 1, and the device can
`implement the correct protocols by consulting a lookup table
`during transmissions to obtain the data channel protocols
`appropriate to the System Selected. In another embodiment,
`the library of command, control, and data transmission
`protocols may be replaced, or Supplemented, by information
`transmitted over the radio frequencies to the device by the
`carrier, or information downloaded from a hardwired con
`nection to another device. Flash memory, EEPROMs, or
`non-volatile RAM can be used to Store program information,
`permitting replacement or updating of the operating instruc
`tions used by the device.
`AS examples, the library functions accessible by the
`device (and also by external devices which may call the
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`library functions) may include the following: Select RF
`modulation frequency; Select RF modulation protocol; Select
`data formatting/conditioning protocol; transmit data in input
`Stream using Selected network and protocol, Select output;
`Select input; Select data/voice mode; answer call; generate
`DTMF tones and transmit on selected network; Scan for
`control channels/available Systems, obtain cost information
`for current Selected System, obtain cost information for all
`Systems, obtain operating quality information for current
`System; obtain operating quality information for all Systems,
`request transmission channel in System, obtain signal
`Strength for current channel; obtain signal Strength for all
`active Systems, and initiate a transmission on the Selected
`network.
`FIG. 1A shows a block schematic diagram of a preferred
`embodiment of an omni-modal radio communication radio
`frequency (RF) circuit. In the example shown, the RF circuit
`includes antenna 2, diplexer 4, amplifier 6, transmit mixer 8,
`receiver mixer 10, programmable local oscillator 12, modu
`lation Selector Switches 14 and 16, analog detector
`demodulator 18, digital demodulator 20, analog modulator
`22, digital modulator 24, voice grade channel output 26,
`digital output 28, voice grade channel input 30, and digital
`input 32.
`Voice grade channel output 26 is connected to analog
`detector-demodulator 18 and digital output 28 is connected
`to digital demodulator 20. Analog detector-demodulator 18
`and digital demodulator 20 are Selectively connected to
`receiver mixer 10 through switch 14. Receiver mixer 10 is
`connected to both local oscillator 12 and diplexer 4.
`Diplexer 4 is connected to antenna 2. These components
`provide radio frequency receive circuitry that allows Selec
`tive reception and demodulation of both analog and digitally
`modulated radio signals.
`Voice grade channel input 30 is connected to analog
`modulator 22 and digital input 32 is connected to digital
`modulator 24. Analog modulator 22 and digital modulator
`24 are Selectively connected to transmit mixer 8 through
`Switch 16. Transmit mixer 8 is connected to both local
`oscillator 12 and amplifier 6. Amplifier 6 is connected to
`diplexer 4 and diplexer 4 is connected to antenna 2. These
`components comprise radio frequency transmit circuitry for
`Selective transmission of analog or digitally modulated radio
`Signals.
`The operation of the omni-modal radio communication
`RF circuit shown in FIG. 1A will now be described in more
`detail. Antenna 2 Serves to both receive and transmit radio
`Signals. Antenna 2 is of a design Suitable for the frequency
`presently being received or transmitted by the RF circuit. In
`the preferred embodiment, antenna 2 may be an antenna
`Suitable for receiving and transmitting in a broad range
`about 900 Mhz. However, different antennas may be pro
`Vided to permit different transceiver ranges, including
`dipole, yagi, whip, micro-strip, Slotted array, parabolic
`reflector, or horn antennas in appropriate cases.
`Diplexer 4 allows antenna 2 to receive broadcast radio
`Signals and to transmit the received signals to the demodu
`lators 18 and 20, and to allow modulated radio signals from
`modulatorS 22 and 24 to be transmitted over antenna 2.
`Diplexer 4 is designed So that Signals received from ampli
`fier 6 will be propagated only to antenna 2, while signals
`received from antenna 2 will only be propagated to receiver
`mixer 10. Diplexer 4 thus prevents powerful signals from
`amplifier 6 from overloading and destroying receiver mixer
`10 and demodulators 18 and 20.
`The receive path of the omni-modal RF circuit comprises
`receiver mixer 10, which is connected to, and receives an
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`input signal from, diplexer 4. Receiver mixer 10 also
`receives a reference frequency from local oscillator 12.
`Receiver mixer 10 converts the signal received from
`diplexer 4 to a lower frequency Signal and outputs this
`intermediate frequency on output line 36 to Switch 14.
`Switch 14 is connected through control line 38 to a micro
`processor (not shown). Control line 38 selectively controls
`Switch 14 to pass the intermediate frequency Signal on
`output line 36 to either analog detector-demodulator 18 or to
`digital demodulator 20. This selection is controlled based
`upon the type of Signal currently being received. For
`example, if the omni-modal circuit 1 is tuned to an analog
`communication System, Switch 14 would be connected to
`analog detector demodulator 18. If, however, the omni
`modal circuit 1 is receiving a digital modulated Signal,
`Switch 14 would be in a state to allow an intermediate
`frequency on output line 36 to be transmitted to digital
`demodulator 20.
`Analog detector demodulator 18 receives analog signals
`through Switch 14 from receiver mixer 10 on output line 36.
`Analog detector demodulator converts the RF modulated
`Signal received as an intermediate frequency into a voice
`grade channel or VGC. The Voice grade channel may
`comprise an audio frequency spectrum going from approxi
`mately 0 Hz to approximately 4 KHZ. Analog detector
`demodulator 18 is designed for demodulation of analog
`radio frequency Signals. For example, analog detector
`demodulator would be capable of demodulating a frequency
`modulated (FM) radio signals. Analog detector demodulator
`18 may also be capable of demodulating amplitude modu
`lated (AM) radio signals.
`Digital demodulator 20 is designed to demodulate digital
`signals received from receiver mixer 10 through Switch 14.
`Digital demodulator 20 is designed to demodulate digital
`Signals Such as, for example, pulse code modulation (PCM),
`time division multiple access (TDMA), code division mul
`tiple access (CDMA), extended time division multiple
`access (E-TDMA) and broad band code division multiple
`access (BCDMA) signals. The output 28 from digital
`demodulator 20 could consist of a digital bit stream.
`The transmit circuitry of the omni-modal RF circuit will
`now be described in detail. Analog Voice grade channel
`Signals can be received over analog input 30 which is
`connected to analog modulator 22. Analog modulator 22
`acts to modulate the received Voice grade channel onto an
`intermediate f