Dictionaryof
`Electrical and
`Computer Spacer
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`The McGraw-Hill foe
`
`in the dictionary was published previously in the McGRAW-HILL
`text
`All
`DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TERMS, Sixth Edition,
`copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
`
`McGRAW-HILL DICTIONARY OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEER-
`ING, copyright © 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.
`Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United
`States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or
`distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a databaseor retrieval
`system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
`
`1234567890
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`DOC/DOC
`
`0987654
`
`ISBN 0-07-144210-3
`
`This book is printed on recycled, acid-free paper containing a
`minimum of 50% recycled, de-inkedfiber.
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`This book was set in Helvetica Bold and Novarese Book by TechBooks, Fairfax,
`Virginia. It was printed and bound by RR Donnelley, The Lakeside Press.
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`McGraw-Hill books are available at special quantity discounts to use as premi-
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`more information, please write to the Director of Special Sales, Professional
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`your local bookstore.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`McGraw-Hill dictionary of electrical and computer engineering.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 0-07-144210-3
`|. Computer engineering—Dictionaries.
`Dictionaries.
`
`2. Electric engineering—
`
`TK7885.A2M37
`004’.03—dc22
`
`2004
`
`2004049888
`
`
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`Contents
`
`PREPAC oie cccccccescsesesssssssssssecssisscsssiseccsssutessssuessesssusessssisesesssiversssisesssseeeesssecesssesesssiecsusecessecee Vv
`Stati occ cccecccecccecccecsseessssecssvecssvecsssvcsssvecsssvessusesessssecssuscessvesessuscessuseesuseesssecessveesnucsssvecssseesavecsuesssees vi
`How to Use the Dictiomary oiiiccccccccccsssssseeesssssssssssiessecsssseeesecsenssveeeesssvess vii
`Fields AMA Their SCOPC oii. iccccccccccccccssssssesssssssssssssssessesssssssnseesesessssessseeesssneeseensseees ix
`PrOMUNCIATION Key oon cccccsssecssssssssssssstnsesssssssssnmnsssesssnuesescesssunesessssnnuesesssnueeeset xi
`BaZ TOTS oie ccccseccssssssssssssesssssssnsscsesssnssccesssnsseccssssaseeccssssussecesssunmsccesnaneccessnaneeessnueeeennneesee 1-642
`PROTA snc isezrzsszoscresezeesanessssessncssnesasesabttscisbinitanchsSiinone SSE SRS RSE ESREERICIRERENESON 643-679
`Equivalents of commonly used units for the U.S.
`Customary System and the Metric SYStOM oooeccecccecccessssessseesseesstesseesseesseeens 645
`Conversion factors for the U.S. Customary System,
`metric system, and International SySteM on... cccecccsecsesseecseeseeeeeeneeneeneens 646
`Standard Equations oo.cccecccccccceccscssssesssesssesssssesssessssesssvecssneessucssnecsnecsuecsneesnseneeesneenneesees 651
`Special CONSCANCS ooccececcceccccecssessseesssecssseesssuecsnecssueccsneecsuecsueeeneessneceseessuessseesseesseesnecseesnee 655
`Physical CONStANES occ eeccccscssesssssesssssecssssessssueccsssecsssccesnnecssneecsneeesneecssueesseeesnecssessneetaes 656
`Electrical GniGl THASNETIS WINNS... iisencsccacssersserraensercsseasecmencremseemacsemesneend657
`Dimensional formulas Of COMMON QUANTITIES oo... eee eeseeceesteseeestesseeeeeeee 658
`Internal energy and gemeraliZed WOTK o....ececccseesessssessssesssneesssneesseeesneeeseeeeeneeeneeene658
`TTIZOBOMELHC PUT CTIOING:aenconenennsssvensssnssssinasseesameemanescensnseneesussnstiwancnennesesucel659
`General rules of differentiation and integration oo.ececccecesesseeseeseeseeneeses 661
`Basic integral tramsfOrMs .o..cc.cccccsscssssssssscesneesssseeceesnsecesseeessnieecesssecessecssaneccssneensneseey664
`WHALHISIISEICAl TOTALTne ennonne onicnensnasssunin sesrurnsnacoweesnsenausaceaeemseconssourssuaredl 665
`Schematic electronic SYMDOIS oooicecceccsesssseessssnesesseeesseeecsneessneessneeesneessneesnessneessneess 672
`Partial family tree of programming languages ..........ceeecceccsseessneeeeeeeeeseeees677
`ASCII] COC ooocecceccccsesssecssessesssesssesssessesssecssesssecssscsuessncesscesnccusesuecsessuecsuessueenecaeauecseesneeneesneass 678
`Electronigenetic Spectriin ........icssasssssmeeonnmnermecenesmecnamemencnrmnenmnend 68 |
`Microwave frequency Dads ou...ccccssssssssesssssesssneessssecssneesssecssnecesncessueesuecsnecsseenneesseees 681
`RAGIO SPECEFUM ooecccecccsecssessssessssessssesssssecssneccsssecssnscssnscssnsccaneccsueessuesssuccssnecsuecasecsssecasiesess 682
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`controlled rectifier
`
`|COMPUT Scl| Any one of th
`control register
`whosevalues determine the value of the criterion
`registers in a computer used to contro] the
`parameter.
`{ kanjtrdld pa'ram-ad-ar}
`execution of a computer program.
`{ kan'ty
`controlled rectifier
`|ELECTR| A rectifier that has
`provisions for regulating output current, such as
`irej-a-star }
`control room=|COMMUN| A room from which en,
`with thyratrons, ignitrons, or silicon controlled
`gineers and production people control and direct
`rectifiers.
`{ kanjtrdld 'rek-ta,fi-ar }
`a video or audio program ora recordingsession
`process
`controlled
`variable
`|CONT
`sys|In
`automatic-control work, that quantity or condi-
`{ kan'trol ,ruim }
`tion of a controlled system that is directly mea-
`[COMPUT SCi| 1. The smalleg
`control section
`integral subsection of a program,thatis, the
`sured or controlled.
`{ kanitrdld 'ver-é-a-bal }
`smallest unit of code that can be separately
`controller See automatic controller. { kan'trdl-ar}
`relocated during loading.
`2. The part of acentra|
`controller-structure
`interaction
`|CONT
`Sys]
`processing unit that controls other sections of
`Feedback of an active control algorithm in the
`process of model reduction; this occurs through
`the unit.
`{ kan'trdl ,sek-shan }
`control sequence
`|COMPUT SCi| The order jn
`observation spillover and control
`spillover.
`which a set of executionsare carried to perform
`{ kan'trdl-ar ,strak-char in-tar'ak-shan }
`aspecific function.
`{ kan'trdl ,sé-kwans}
`controllimits
`|ELECTR| In radar evaluation, upper
`control signal=|coMPuTSci A set of pulses used
`and lower control limits are established at those
`to identify the channels to be followed by
`performance figures within which it is expected
`transferred data.
`|CONTSyS| The signal applied
`that 95% of quality-control sampleswill fall when
`to the device that makes corrective changesin
`the radar is performing normally.
`{ kan'trdl
`a controlled process or machine.
`{ kan'trdl
`slim-ats }
`sequence of
`|comPuT sci| The
`control
`logic
`iSig-nal }
`|CONTSyS| The excitation by an
`control spillover
`steps required to perform a specific function.
`active control system of modes of motion that
`{ kan'trdl ,laj-ik }
`{ kan'trdl ,mark }
`control mark Seetape mark.
`have been omitted from the control algorithm in
`the process of model reduction._{kan'trdl 'spil
`|ComPuT ScI| A device,
`control-message display
`such as a console typewriter, on which control
`,O-var }
`[|COmPUTSCI] The operating mode of
`information, such as information on the progress
`controlstate
`of a running computer program, is displayed in
`a system which permitsit to overrideits normal
`ordinary language.
`{ kan'trdl ,mes-ij di'spla }
`sequenceof operations.
`{ kan'trdl ,stat}
`control module
`[comput Sci] The set of registers
`control statement
`|CcompPuT Sci] A statementin
`and circuitry required to carry out a specific
`a computer program that controls program exe-
`function.
`{ kan'trdl ,ma-jiil }
`cution, such as a GOTOstatement, conditional
`control operation§|compPuT sci| Any action that
`jump, oraloop.
`{ kan'trdl ,stat-mant }
`affects data processing but
`is not directly in-
`control supervisor
`|COMPUT SCI| The computer
`software which controls the processing ofthe
`cluded, such as managing input/output opera-
`tions or determining job sequence.
`{ kan'trdl
`system.
`{ kan'trdl jst-par,vi-zar }
`,ap-a,ra-shan }
`control switching point
`[commun] A telephone
`office which is an important switching center
`|compPuT sci| An array of jacks or
`control panel
`sockets in which wires (or other elements) may
`in the routing of
`long-distance calls in the
`direct distance dialing system. Abbreviated CSP
`be plugged to control the action of an electrome-
`{ kan'trdl 'swich-in ,point }
`chanical device in a data-processing system such
`as a printer. Also known as plugboard; wiring
`control symbol
`|compuT sci] A symbol which,
`board.
`|ELEC| See control board: panel board.
`coded into the machine memory,controls certain
`{ kan'trdl ,pan-al }
`steps in the mechanical
`translation process;
`control point
`|compuT sci| 1. The numerical
`since control symbols are not contextual sym-
`value of the controlled variable (speed, tempera-
`bols, they appear neitherin the input norin the
`ture, and so on) which, under anyfixed set of
`output.
`{ kan'trdl ,sim-bal}
`operating conditions, an automatic controller
`control
`synchro
`See
`control
`{ kan'trdl ,sin-krd }
`operates to maintain.
`2. One of the hardware
`locations at which the output of the instruction
`control system |ENG| A system in which oneoF
`more outputs are forced to changein a desired
`decoderof the processoractivates the input to
`and output from specific registers as well as
`manner astime progresses.
`_{ kan'trdl ,sis-tam]
`control-system feedback [CONT sys|Asignal
`
`operational resources of the system.
`{ kan'trdl
`obtained by comparing the output of a control
`spoint}
`system with the input, which is used to diminish
`control program |COMPUT Sci| A program which
`carries on input/output operations,
`loading of
`the difference betweenthem.
`{kan'trdlsis:tam
`programs, detection of errors, communication
`'féd,bak }
`with the operator, and so forth.
`{ ken'trdl
`|compuTsci] Com-
`control systems equipment
`puters which are an integral part of a total
`iprdo-gram }
`facility or larger complex of equipment and have
`record
`|COMPUT SCi| A special
`contro! record
`added to the end ofa file to provide information
`the primary purpose of controlling, monitoring,
`analyzing, or measuring a process Of other
`about the file and the records in it.
`{ kan'trdl
`equipment.
`{ kan'trdl ,sis-tamzi'kwip-mant |
`irek-ard }
`
`transformer
`
` »
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