(19) United States
`(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0177106A1
`Wrage
`(43) Pub. Date:
`Aug. 10, 2006
`
`US 2006O177106A1
`
`(54) DATABASE EMPLOYING BOMETRIC
`INDEXING AND METHOD THEREFOR
`
`(75) Inventor: Peter Wrage, Ottawa (CA)
`Correspondence Address:
`FREEDMAN & ASSOCATES
`117 CENTREPOINTE DRIVE
`
`SEES'ontARIO K2G 5X3 (CA)
`(73) Assignee: Liska Biometry Inc., Dover, NH
`
`(21) Appl. No.:
`
`11/050,727
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Feb. 7, 2005
`
`Publication Classification
`
`(51) Int. Cl.
`(2006.01)
`G06K 9/00
`(52) U.S. Cl. ............................................ 382/115; 382/124
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`Disclosed is a method of indexing a first database of records.
`A fingerprint is received and a biometric identification
`number is determined based thereon. A database is formed
`and is indexed based on the biometric identification number.
`As such, absent knowledge of the actual index value, the
`index is reconstructable based on a provided fingerprint
`data.
`
`
`
`
`
`Capture biometric information
`
`
`
`Determine biometric
`identification number
`
`Store data including the biometric
`identification number in Card
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Print barcode on card, the barcode encoding
`the biometric identification number
`
`Print image on card
`
`IPR2022-00600
`Apple EX1019 Page 1
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Aug. 10, 2006 Sheet 1 of 7
`
`US 2006/0177106 A1
`
`Template
`
`
`
`
`
`Template
`
`
`
`Template
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Present biometric information
`
`Pre-process biometric information
`
`Select first Template
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Select next
`Template
`
`No more
`Templates
`
`
`
`Yes
`Operation fails
`
`
`
`DOes it
`match biometric
`information
`
`Yes
`Access key
`Within data
`
`Fig. 2
`
`IPR2022-00600
`Apple EX1019 Page 2
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Aug. 10, 2006 Sheet 2 of 7
`
`US 2006/0177106 A1
`
`
`
`Enter userID
`
`Provide biometric information
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Retrieve unique record
`
`Pre-process biometric information
`
`
`
`
`
`Templates
`do not match
`
`Compare
`Data
`Templates
`match
`Retrieve
`key
`
`Fig. 3
`
`Capture biometric information
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Determine biometric
`identification number
`
`Store data including the biometric
`identification number in Card
`
`Print barcode on card, the barcode encoding
`the biometric identification number
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Print image on card
`
`Fig. 4
`
`IPR2022-00600
`Apple EX1019 Page 3
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Aug. 10, 2006 Sheet 3 of 7
`
`US 2006/0177106 A1
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Select next
`database
`
`
`
`Select record
`
`Select first database
`
`Does selected
`record match any records
`in database
`2
`
`Flag selected
`record
`
`Another
`database
`
`
`
`
`
`Select next
`record
`
`Fig. 5
`
`IPR2022-00600
`Apple EX1019 Page 4
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Aug. 10, 2006 Sheet 4 of 7
`
`US 2006/0177106 A1
`
`Extract features (minutiae) - separate
`into sub-graphs
`
`Establish at least one reference
`point
`
`220
`
`240
`
`Generate at least
`One metric
`
`250
`
`Quantize metric(s)
`
`270
`
`Combine to form
`Code
`
`280
`
`Fig. 6
`
`IPR2022-00600
`Apple EX1019 Page 5
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Aug. 10, 2006 Sheet 5 of 7
`
`US 2006/0177106 A1
`
`
`
`Receive Fingertip
`information
`
`Receive Personal
`information
`
`Receive biometric
`information number
`
`Assemble Fingertip information,
`Personal information, and biometric
`information number to form Code
`
`Timestamp
`assembled COcde
`
`Attach timestamp to code
`to form extended biometric
`information number
`
`Fig. 7
`
`IPR2022-00600
`Apple EX1019 Page 6
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Aug. 10, 2006 Sheet 6 of 7
`
`US 2006/0177106A1
`
`Innului
`
`2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 O
`
`Finger info
`
`Personal info Unique Template info Unique Timestamp number
`
`Fig. 8
`
`Get BN-1 number from
`the BarCode
`
`
`
`
`
`Search the database With
`the BN-1 Number as the index
`
`Get the stored Fingerprint
`Template instantly
`
`Live
`Fingerprint
`Template
`
`
`
`
`
`Get the Live Fingerprint image
`
`Generate its Template
`
`Stored Fingerprint
`Template
`
`
`
`Match the
`tWO
`Templates
`
`NO
`
`Fig. 9
`
`IPR2022-00600
`Apple EX1019 Page 7
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Aug. 10, 2006 Sheet 7 of 7
`
`US 2006/0177106 A1
`
`Get the live
`Fingerprint Image
`
`Generate its Template and
`BN-1 number
`
`Get the candidate Template files
`based on the BN-1 number
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Not
`matched
`
`Get
`next
`Template
`
`
`
`Yes
`
`Not found
`
`NO
`
`Compare
`the
`Template
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Matched
`
`Return the found
`BN-1 number
`
`Search the database with the found
`BN-1 number as the index
`
`Instantly retrieve the Personal detailed
`record from the database
`
`Fig. 10
`
`IPR2022-00600
`Apple EX1019 Page 8
`
`

`

`US 2006/01771 06 A1
`
`Aug. 10, 2006
`
`DATABASE EMPLOYING BIOMETRIC INDEXING
`AND METHOD THEREFOR
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`0001. The invention relates to identification systems and
`methods and more particularly to biometric information
`storage and retrieval systems and methods.
`
`BACKGROUND
`0002 Computer security is an important issue in society
`today. With the proliferation of computers and computer
`networks into all aspects of business and daily life—finan
`cial, medical, education, government, and communica
`tions—the concern over secure file access is growing. Using
`passwords is a common method of providing security.
`Password protection and/or combination type locks are
`employed for computer network security, automatic teller
`machines, telephone banking, calling cards, telephone
`answering services, houses, and safes. These systems gen
`erally require the knowledge of an entry code that has been
`selected by a user or has been preset.
`0003 Preset codes are often forgotten as users have no
`reliable method of remembering them. Writing down the
`codes and storing them in close proximity to an access
`control device (i.e. the combination lock) results in a secure
`access control system with a very insecure code. Alterna
`tively, the nuisance of trying several code variations renders
`the access control system more of a problem than a solution.
`0004 Password systems are known to suffer from other
`disadvantages. Usually, a user specifies passwords. Most
`users, being unsophisticated users of security systems,
`choose passwords that are relatively insecure. As such, many
`password systems are easily accessed through a simple trial
`and error process.
`0005. A security access system that provides substan
`tially secure access and does not require a password or
`access code is a biometric identification system. A biometric
`identification system accepts unique biometric information
`from a user and identifies the user by matching the infor
`mation against information belonging to registered users of
`the system. One such biometric identification system is a
`fingerprint recognition system.
`0006.
`In a fingerprint input transducer or sensor, the
`finger under investigation is usually pressed against a flat
`Surface. Such as a side of a glass plate; the ridge and Valley
`pattern of the finger tip is sensed by a sensor Such as an
`interrogating light beam. Alternatively, thermal sensors and
`integrated contact sensors relying on capacitance are known.
`0007 Another use of security is for personal identifica
`tion. This is used frequently in personal security applications
`Such as building access, bank account access, international
`travel, and so forth. In the present international atmosphere,
`effective and universal methods for personal identification
`are preferable. With more effective methods, it is easier to
`track and identify undesirable individuals trying to cross
`international borders. This involves accurate identification
`of individuals as well as methodologies for cross checking
`between different and diverse information databases.
`0008 Most databases relating to undesirable and criminal
`activity include fingerprint data. Though this is true, there is
`
`presently no convenient method for searching the entire
`fingerprint space to match records and thereby associate
`individuals with diverse records, when present.
`0009. In common use, a problem in fingerprint process
`ing relates to data retrieval. Typically, fingerprint registra
`tion data is stored within a card and within a server. In order
`to retrieve the information, an access key is required to
`uniquely identify the information. For example, a user
`provides a user ID and a PIN to a system prior to providing
`a live scan of a finger tip in order to gain access based on
`fingerprint identification. This overcomes drawbacks asso
`ciated with one to many fingerprint identification tech
`niques. Unfortunately, this results in significant inconve
`nience.
`0010 Firstly, systems supporting user data entry such as
`ATM machines are Subject to significant vandalism. As such,
`most are monitored for security reasons. Vandalism resulting
`in damage to a data access panel renders the panel useless
`and often results in an unusable secure entry mechanism.
`0011 Secondly, as databases of fingerprints and personal
`information grow in size, unique user IDs become more
`complex and, therefore, harder to remember. One approach
`to overcoming this concern is to equip users with identifi
`cation cards that provide the index number information upon
`being presented to a card reading system. For example, Such
`a card comprises a Smart card. Alternatively, the card com
`prises a magnetic stripe encoded with the index number.
`Advantageously, such a card is portable and the index
`number is typically not very large. For example, using
`sequential numbering, a unique index number for a record
`for each member of the entire planet's population can be
`encoded with fewer than 20 Bytes.
`0012 Unfortunately, absent the card, the user cannot
`access the secure system or the secured process. Further, it
`is difficult, if not impossible, to retrieve the user's data
`record without Substantial inconvenience.
`0013. It would be advantageous to provide a method and
`apparatus for encoding, in a numeric identifier, fingerprint
`and other identifying information for use in user authenti
`cation and in indexing of a database.
`
`SUMMARY
`0014. In accordance with an aspect of the invention there
`is provided a method of indexing a first database of records
`comprising: receiving biometric information of an indi
`vidual; processing the biometric information of the indi
`vidual to determine an biometric identifier number, the
`biometric identifier number derived from the biometric
`information; receiving personal data relating to the indi
`vidual; storing within at least a first field within a record the
`personal data and within at least a second field within the
`record the biometric identifier number; and, indexing the
`records within the database based on data within the at least
`a second field.
`0015. In accordance with another aspect of the invention
`there is provided a system comprising: a biometric trans
`ducer for receiving biometric information of an individual;
`and, a processor for processing the biometric information of
`the individual to determine an biometric identifier number,
`the number derived from the biometric information, for
`receiving personal data relating of the individual, for storing
`
`IPR2022-00600
`Apple EX1019 Page 9
`
`

`

`US 2006/01771 06 A1
`
`Aug. 10, 2006
`
`within at least a first field within a record of a first database
`the data and within at least a second field within the record
`of the first database the biometric identifier number and, for
`indexing the records within the first database based on data
`within the at least a second field.
`0016.
`In accordance with another aspect of the invention
`there is provided a data record comprising: a plurality of data
`fields; and an index field for use in indexing of a plurality of
`data records having index data stored therein, the index data,
`approximately stably derived from at least one live finger
`print of a same finger tip of an individual.
`0017. In accordance with another aspect of the invention
`there is provided a method of indexing a first database of
`records comprising: receiving biometric information of an
`individual; obtaining a biometric identification number that
`is based upon same biometric information of the individual;
`retrieving a record from an indexed database of records,
`using an index based on the biometric identification number;
`and, authenticating the individual based upon a comparison
`of the received biometric information and biometric tem
`plate information stored within the indexed database.
`0018. In accordance with an embodiment obtaining com
`prises determining the biometric identification number that
`is based upon same biometric information of the individual.
`0019. In accordance with an embodiment obtaining com
`prises reading the biometric identification number from a
`portable storage medium.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`0020 FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a prior
`art database for use in biometric authentication;
`0021
`FIG. 2 shows a simplified flow diagram of a
`method for authenticating a user based upon a record stored
`within the prior art database of FIG. 1;
`0022 FIG. 3 shows a simplified flow diagram of a
`method for authenticating a user by using a User ID to index
`records stored within the prior art database of FIG. 1;
`0023 FIG. 4 shows a simplified flow diagram of a
`method of generating an identification card in the form of a
`contact-less Smart ID card that meets FIB 201 standards;
`0024 FIG. 5 shows a simplified flow diagram of a
`method of cross correlating between different databases in
`order to identify same individuals within more than one
`database;
`0.025
`FIG. 6 shows a simplified flow diagram of a
`method of generating a biometric identification number,
`0026 FIG. 7 shows a simplified flow diagram of a
`method of generating an extended biometric identification
`number,
`0027 FIG. 8 shows a sample extended biometric iden
`tification number encoded as a barcode:
`0028 FIG. 9 shows a simplified flow diagram of a
`method of indexing a database of records; and,
`0029 FIG. 10 shows a simplified flow diagram of
`another method of indexing a database of records.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
`OF THE INVENTION
`0030) Referring to FIG. 1, shown is a prior art database
`for use in biometric authentication. Here, a plurality of
`records is shown, each having a separate template, for
`instance, a fingerprint template, for use in matching of
`biometric information captured for user authentication.
`Within each record is stored user identifier information
`including a name, and security related information Such as
`a decryption key.
`0031. In use, as shown in the flow diagram of FIG. 2, a
`user presents biometric information to a biometric trans
`ducer, Such as for instance a biometric optical scanner. The
`biometric information is captured and preprocessed result
`ing in biometric data, which is then provided to a server. On
`the server, the biometric data is verified against each of the
`templates in order to determine a record from the plurality
`of records corresponding to the provider of the biometric
`information. Once a matching record is found, the decryp
`tion key is accessible.
`0032 Unfortunately, for very large databases with very
`many entries, such a system is limited in applicability since
`it is very slow and highly susceptible to false acceptances
`because of the high load on server computational capability.
`0033. In FIG. 3, a simplified flow diagram of another
`prior art method is shown. Here, the database is indexed
`according to a User ID. As such, a user enters their User ID
`and the server is able to access a unique record of the user
`including a template stored therein. Next, the user provides
`biometric information that is preprocessed to result in bio
`metric data that is then compared against registration tem
`plate data within the unique record in a one-to-one fashion.
`When used with a password, this significantly reduces the
`false acceptance problem of one-to-many matching, but
`adds inconvenience to the operation of the system because
`of the resulting server load problem. Further, complex data
`entry devices, such as keyboards, are quite Susceptible to
`vandalism and to tampering. As such, the method of FIG. 3
`is not ideal. Further, the method of FIG. 3 is not well suited
`to cross referencing numerous databases in order to improve
`security for international travel applications.
`0034) Referring to FIG. 4, a simplified flow diagram of
`a method of generating an identification card in the form of
`a contact-less Smart ID card that meets FIB 201 standards is
`shown. The card is printed for a visitor including a ciphered
`fingerprint template, and a biometric identification number
`is stored within memory of the card. Preferably, the biomet
`ric identification number is an extended biometric identifi
`cation number including personal information. Some non
`limiting examples of personal information include a name,
`a birth date, gender, visa registration and expiry dates,
`nationality, etc. Methods for generating biometric identifi
`cation numbers and extended biometric identification num
`bers are described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7, respec
`tively, below. Further, the personal information preferably
`according to NIST Standards is printed on the card along
`with a machine-readable code in the form of a barcode
`encoding the personal information and the biometric iden
`tification number. Preferably, an image of the individuals
`facial features that meets FIB 201 standards is also printed
`on the card.
`0035. The card provides for electronic transfer of per
`Sonal data, e.g. a fingerprint template, for manual inspection
`
`IPR2022-00600
`Apple EX1019 Page 10
`
`

`

`US 2006/01771 06 A1
`
`Aug. 10, 2006
`
`of an individual, and includes data useful for indexing a
`database of personal data and related fingerprint templates
`stored within a server. The card is adequate for personal
`identification in many situations. For example, it may
`include all the information currently in a driver's license
`and, as such, be a viable replacement for that license. The
`additional information is useful in security related situations.
`0036) The information within the card is also stored
`within a record within a database. The record optionally
`includes other information relating to the individual. The
`record also preferably includes further fingerprint template
`information for the individual for use in cross correlation
`with other fingerprint template databases. The record is
`indexed by a number that is determinable from the finger
`print template in the form of the biometric identification
`number. Thus, the record is retrievable by presenting the
`card or by presenting a fingerprint to a data entry point.
`0037 Since the unique biometric identification number,
`preferably the extended biometric identification number, is
`included within the identification card, a record associated
`with an individual is instantly retrievable by presenting the
`card. Further, even when a card is lost, forgotten or when
`someone refuses to provide a card, the biometric identifi
`cation number is determinable from their biometric infor
`mation, and the biometric identification number is at least
`part of the index to the record of that individual. As such, a
`small search space within the database results, preferably
`including only one record but potentially including a set of
`records including more than one record. That set is then
`searchable relatively rapidly due to its small size and the
`presence within each record of fingerprint template data for
`comparison with the fingerprint provided.
`0038) Referring to FIG. 5, shown is a simplified flow
`diagram of a method of cross correlating between different
`databases in order to identify same individuals within more
`than one database. A record is selected and a first database
`is selected. A determination is made whether the selected
`record (e.g. fingerprint data) matches with any of the records
`in the first database. If the result is yes, then the selected
`record is flagged. If the result is no, then a next database is
`selected and a new determination is made whether the
`selected record matches with any of the records in the next
`database. When no next databases remain, then a next record
`is selected and the determinations are repeated for the first,
`database, the next database, etc. When no next records
`remain, the process ends.
`0039. As described with reference to FIG. 5, the finger
`print data stored within each record is compared to other
`fingerprint data within a same database and within other
`databases. For each record identified as potentially prob
`lematic—whether there are reasons to detain the individual
`or the individual has more than one identification or some
`other problem—a flag is set within the record and informa
`tion relating to the problem is stored therein. For example,
`an individual determined to be on the FBI's 10 most wanted
`list when identified is flagged such that passing through an
`airport or being pulled over results in the individual being
`detained. This occurs even if the individual has a different
`name, license, etc. as the cross correlation stores with the
`new license the problem that the fingerprint data is similar
`to that of a wanted felon.
`0040 Likewise, data within the records is usable for
`creating an audit trail of an individual’s activities or move
`
`ments. With widespread adoption, it is possible to identify
`and detain criminals and other undesirables when they bank,
`when they use credit cards, and when they are pulled over
`for a driving infraction. The cross correlation activity occurs
`in the background so that it is capable of performing highly
`accurate assessments offingerprint similarity. Optionally, an
`operator reviews each flagged record to ensure accuracy.
`0041
`Further, the cross correlation activity allows for
`merger of records relating to a same individual, or at least for
`alignment of data therein. Names are correctable—for
`example missing middle names are added, current addresses
`are updateable, and so forth. Such a system is useful in
`tracking various types of fraud, for instance in cases where
`individuals are living more than one life within a given
`country.
`0042. Whereas today someone can provide a false name
`and claim to have forgotten their ID, the system of the
`present embodiment allows law enforcement officers to
`capture fingerprint data from a suspect, retrieve their record
`based on the fingerprint data, and then determine if the
`Suspect is actually wanted or not. Because of the information
`within each database record, a police officer has access to
`personal information in the form of an image of the Suspect,
`age information, name, and so forth.
`0043 Preferably, upon accessing a flagged record, a
`further check of the associated database with which a
`problem exists is performed to see if the problem has been
`rectified. For example, a person may have legally changed
`their name. Though the records are all flagged relating to
`different name usage, the issue, when looked into is noted as
`resolved since the name changes are legal. In Such a case, no
`negative result occurs from the flagging of the records.
`0044) The ability of the system to move the identification
`process computation load from the centralized database
`server to the system access computers, and the fact that the
`identification (search) process over the large database is
`done for only a very small percentage of the population
`means that the identification (search) process of a small
`database. Such as a watch-list, can be done at the local access
`point computers.
`0045 Using such a multi-step biometric authentication
`process, e.g. with most authentication/search being done
`directly on the access point computer, irrelevant fingerprint
`templates can be excluded from a resulting search space
`rapidly, thereby improving performance and reducing some
`of the problems associated with one-to-many systems.
`0046) One method of forming a biometric identification
`number is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,757,411, entitled
`"Method and system for fingerprint encoding and authenti
`cation, incorporated herein by reference.
`0047 Referring to FIG. 6, a simplified flow diagram of
`another method of generating a biometric identification
`number is shown. In accordance with the method, a finger
`print is captured and pre-processed. Within the pre-pro
`cessed fingerprint, minutiae are located. These minutiae are
`then grouped based on graph theory into Sub-graphs. A
`reference point is then established and metrics are generated.
`Typically several metrics are used, though it is also possible
`to rely on a single metric. The metrics are quantized and then
`combined to form a code. Quantizing allows for a reduction
`in precision of each metric and allows for some variance to
`
`IPR2022-00600
`Apple EX1019 Page 11
`
`

`

`US 2006/01771 06 A1
`
`Aug. 10, 2006
`
`result in very similar metrics. The combined code is formed
`in Such a fashion that a same fingertip imaged at different
`times results in an identical or near identical higher order
`portion of the code. In use, the lower order portion of the
`code may vary more than the higher order portion. That said,
`the code is sufficiently stable for use in indexing of personal
`information records.
`0.048
`Preferably, the biometric identification number
`generation system results in a number that encodes personal
`information, registration/expiry visa dates and biometry
`fingerprint template information and is not subject to tam
`pering.
`0049 Referring now to FIG. 7, a simplified flow diagram
`of a method of generating an extended biometric identifi
`cation number is shown. A biometric identification number
`is generated, for instance using the method described with
`reference to FIG. 6. Additional personal information is then
`attached to this biometric identification number, the addi
`tional information in the form of finger information, per
`Sonal information including for example name, sex, birth
`date and nationality and a timestamp indicating date related
`information in the form of visa registration and expiry dates,
`etc. Since the biometric identification number remains
`stable, the resulting extended biometric identification num
`ber is encodable based thereon to prevent tampering. Alter
`natively, other forms of tamper protection are employed. Of
`course, with database access, tampering is immediately
`detected as the information on the card and within the
`database are different one from another.
`0050 Referring to FIG. 8, a sample extended biometric
`identification number, encoded as a barcode, is shown. The
`code comprises 20 bytes and is arranged as follows: finger
`information is encoded within 4 bytes wherein a first byte is
`used for the classification of a hand and has values of 1 for
`the left hand and 2 for the right hand and 0 for an unknown
`hand. The second byte is for encoding finger information
`with potential values including 1: Thumb. 2: the second
`finger, 3: the third finger, 4: the fourth finger, 5: the fifth
`finger, 0: unknown finger. Of course, the resulting selection
`of hands and fingers allows for 33 possibilities and is easily
`encodable within a single byte should there be a need to
`encode other information within the barcode. Within the
`third byte is encoded data for classification of a fingerprint.
`Potential values include 1: Arch, 2: Tented arch, 3: left
`loop. 4: right loop. 5: whorl. 6: others; 0: unknown. The
`fourth byte is reserved for further data.
`0051
`Personal Information is encoded within 4 bytes.
`The first byte is for classification based on gender. Potential
`values include 1: female, 2: male, 0: unknown. The
`remaining three bytes are reserved and may encode data
`Such as birthdate, nationality, name, description, and aliases.
`0.052 Unique Template Information is encoded within 6
`bytes. This information is generated from unique character
`istics of the fingerprint template file. The unique template
`information is usable for verification of the finger template
`as a digital signature.
`0053 Unique Timestamp Identifier is encoded as 6 bytes.
`This value is generated from a timestamp of the enrollment
`process. It is used for guaranteeing a unique characteristic of
`the biometric identification number when used as an index.
`It is also useful in determining when a card has expired.
`
`0054 Using an extended biometric identification number
`allows for encoding of other information within the machine
`readable data on the card such that even when database
`access is not available, personal information and personal
`permissions such as license restrictions, visa information,
`etc. are accessible. Further, the extended biometric identi
`fication number is useful for indexing of the database in
`order to further ensure uniqueness of each index.
`0.055
`Referring to FIG. 9, a method of indexing a
`database of records as described hereinabove and given the
`card is shown. A live fingerprint is captured. The card is
`presented to the system. A biometric identification number
`(BIN-1 number) is retrieved from the card and used to index
`the database. For instance, the BIN-1 number encoded as a
`bar code is scanned using any Suitable Scanner. A resulting
`unique record is retrieved from the database and a biometric
`template stored therein is provided for correlation with the
`captured live fingerprint. Once correlated, the system per
`forms one of identifying and authorizing the bearer of the
`card in dependence upon a result of the correlation. Typi
`cally, the bearer of the card is authorized or identified when
`the correlation is indicative of a match and is not authorized
`and not identified when the correlation is indicative of other
`than a match. Optionally, the captured live fingerprint is also
`compared with fingerprint template data that is stored within
`the card. This can be done at a point of access computer
`absent communication with a database. Advantageously, an
`initial determination can be made whether the bearer of the
`card is actually the person for whom the card was initially
`generated. Comparison of the captured live fingerprint with
`the biometric template stored in the database then confirms
`the identity of the bearer and detects any tampering with the
`card.
`0056 Referring now to FIG. 10, a method of indexing a
`database of records as described hereinabove and absent a
`card is shown. A live fingerprint image is captured. The
`fingerprint image is processed to determine a biometric
`identification number (BIN-1 number). Based on the deter
`mined biometric identification number, one or more biomet
`ric templates are retrieved from the database. The fingerprint
`image is processed to extract therefrom feature data for
`comparison with each biometric template retrieved in order
`to find a match. For each retrieved biometric template, the
`feature data is compared with template data stored therein to
`identify a match. When a match is found, an associated
`biometric identification number is retrieved allowing for
`retrieval of a unique record relating to the provided biomet
`ric information. The personal information within the
`retrieved unique record is then available for use in further
`authorizing or identifying of the individual. When no match
`is found among the retrieved records, the individual is not
`authorized and not identified. Preferably, the individual is
`asked to provide their biometric information again.
`0057 Though the above embodiment is described with
`respect to fingerprints, it is also applicable to other biometric
`imaging techniques such as retinal scans, facial recognition
`systems, pore prints, and iris scans.
`0058 Though the above embodiment includes cross cor
`relation between diverse databases, this need not occur for
`the present embodiment to be advantageous. Further, the
`above embodiment is useful absent the personal information
`cards as described.
`
`IPR2022-00600
`Apple EX1019 Page 12
`
`

`

`US 2006/01771 06 A1
`
`Aug. 10, 2006
`
`0059) Numerous other embodiments may be envisaged
`without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
`
`What is claimed is:
`1. A method of indexing a first database of records
`comprising:
`receiving biometric information of an individual;
`processing the biometric information of the individual to
`determine a biometric identification number, the bio
`metric identification number derived from the biomet
`ri