`
`CMOS
`
`APPLEINC./ Page 1 of 4
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`Ore es)om ee a hae Oe
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`[IEEE Press Series on Microclectronic Systems
`Stuart K. Tewksbury, Series Editor
`
`Ex.1016
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`Ex.1016
`APPLE INC. / Page 1 of 4
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`C OS
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`Circ t
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`d muat
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`s ,tem
`r
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`tri
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`Ex.1016
`APPLE INC. / Page 2 of 4
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`
`
`from the publisher when ordered in bulk quantities, Contact:
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`© 1998 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
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`ISBN 0-7803-3416-7
`IEEE Order Number: PCS689
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`Library ofCongres: Cataleging-in-Pebiicatian Data
`lib
`
`it
`Baker, R. Jacob (dete)
`CMOS circuit design, layout, and simulstes / R. Jacob Baker,
`Heery W. Li, and David E. Boyce.
`p.
`om. — (IEEE Press series on moicroelectroree symers)
`Includes bibliographical referesces and des
`ISBN 0.7803-3410-7
`1. Metal caade semicos@amors, Complemeatary--Design and
`cosstection. 2. Inegrated circuas--Design and comerection.
`3. Metal oxide semicondectoe Meld-effect rarsitoes.
`1. Li,
`Harry W. I Boyes, David Tl. Tithe,
`IV, Serice
`TRTSTISO M4835 1997
`621.3915--DC21
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`97-2196
`cr
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`Ex.1016
`APPLEINC./ Page 3 of 4
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`. Chapeer 18 Special-Purpose Digital Circuits 41
`
`current in MS and M6. When the output of the oscillator ts kow, M3 Is om and M2 is
`off. This alkkvws the constant current from M4 to charge C. When the voltage across C
`reaches V,,,,, the output of the Schmitt trigger swings low, This causes the curput of the
`ascillater to go high and allows the constant currers from M1 to discharge C. When C
`is discharged doen co V,,, . the Schmitt trigger changes states. This series of events
`cominues, generating the square wave ourpul.
`
`
`
`Fi
`
`tralled-cscillavce wsing Schmitt tngger and current sources.
`188 Vol
`= MOSFETs M2 and M3 are sed os switches.
`
`If we label the drain currents of M1 and M4 as /,, and J... we can estimate the
`n
`time it takes the capacitor to charge from V,,, 1 Vp. a
`Vorw ~ Var
`ips
`
`I I , I '
`
`nd the time it takes to charge from V,,, to Va. is
`C
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`pac Senate
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`(18.15)
`
`• I 1
`
`The period of the oscillation frequency is, as before, the sum of f, and ¢,,
`This type of oscillator |s termed a voltage-comtralled oscillator (VOO) since the
`outpat frequency can be controlled by an external voltage. The currents /,, and /,.,
`(Pig. 18.8) are directly controlled by the control voltage. As we will see in Ch. 20, the
`current in MS is mirrored in M1, M4, and M6, with an appropriate scaling factor
`dependent on the size of the transistors.
`18.1.4 High-Speed Schmitt Trigger
`1
`It tures ot in practice that the Schmitt trigger of Fig. 18.3 is met casily optimized for
`high speed. The effective switching resistances of the MOSFETs are difficult to reduce
`
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`Ex.1016
`APPLEINC./ Page 4 of 4
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`Ex.1016
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