1111111111111111 IIIIII IIIII 11111 1111111111 lllll 11111111111111111111 111111111111111 11111111
`US 20070279002Al
`
`(19) United States
`02) Patent Application Publication
`PARTOVI
`
`(JO) Pub. No.: US 2007 /0279002 Al
`Dec. 6, 2007
`(43) Pub. Date:
`
`(54) POWER SOURCE, CHARGING SYSTEM,
`AND I DUCTIVE RECENER FOR MOBILE
`DEVICES
`
`Publication Classification
`
`(51)
`
`Int. C t.
`Il02J 7/00
`
`(2006.01)
`
`(76)
`
`Inventor:
`
`AFSHIN PARTOVI,
`SUNNYVALE, CA (US)
`
`Correspondence Address:
`FLIESLER MEYER LLP
`650 CALIFORNIA STREET, 14TH FLOOR
`SA . FRANCISCO, CA 94108
`
`(21) Appl. No.:
`
`11/757,067
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Jun. 1, 2007
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/810,262, filed on Jun.
`I, 2006, provisional application No. 60/810.298. filed
`on Jun. 1, 2006, provisional application No. 60/868,
`674. filed on Dec. 5. 2006.
`
`(52) U.S. Cl. . ... ... ... ... ... . .................... ............... ... 320/U 5
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`A power source, charging system, and inductive receiver for
`mobile devices. A pad or similar base unit comprises a
`primary, which creates a magnetic field by applying an
`alternating current to a winding, coil, or any type of current
`carrying wire. A receiver comprises a means for receiving
`the energy from the alternating magnetic field and transfer(cid:173)
`ring it to a mobile or other device. The receiver can also
`comprise electronic components or logic to set the voltage
`and current to the appropriate levels required by the mobile
`device, or to communicate infonnation or data to and from
`the pad. 111e system may also incorporate efficiency mea(cid:173)
`sures that improve the efficiency of power transfer between
`the charger and receiver.
`
`100~
`
`104
`
`104
`
`Mojo Pad
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 1 of 27
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Dec. 6, 2007 Sheet 1 of 11
`
`US 2007/0279002 Al
`
`100,
`
`104
`
`104
`
`Mojo Pad
`
`FIG. 1
`
`112
`
`'--Charger 116
`
`120
`
`128
`
`122
`
`126
`
`FIG. 2
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 2 of 27
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Dec. 6, 2007 Sheet 2 of 11
`
`US 2007/0279002 Al
`
`144
`
`144
`
`152
`
`FIG. 3
`
`150,
`
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`
`-------- ·----------·----------· ---------'-
`
`Q Q Q
`
`--•--••-,-----•---~--••------~------•-•T--------
`
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`
`a
`I
`t
`t
`t
`4
`I
`
`1
`t
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`
`FIG. 4
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 3 of 27
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Dec. 6, 2007 Sheet 3 of 11
`
`US 2007/0279002 Al
`
`160,
`
`162
`
`FIG. 5
`
`110,
`
`Capacitor
`Rectifier176
`174
`
`Regulator
`180
`
`+
`
`172
`
`182
`
`FIG. 6
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 4 of 27
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Dec. 6, 2007 Sheet 4 of 11
`
`US 2007/0279002 Al
`
`190,
`
`200,
`Replacement
`Shell/Cover
`Shell/Cover
`21 o"'\
`194"'\
`: := I ====-=-=-~-=--=--=-c:;-=,--..
`Device~..----_-_-_-_-_ _.__-_-_---3=:;
`~ Power Jack
`192
`196
`
`212
`)
`
`With Original Shell
`
`Shell With Receiver
`
`FIG. 7
`
`220,
`
`Interconnects
`for Power/Data
`226
`
`228
`
`Communications/
`Storage Unit
`234
`
`230
`
`FIG. 8
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 5 of 27
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Dec. 6, 2007 Sheet 5 of 11
`
`US 2007/0279002 Al
`
`240,
`
`Charger
`
`Receiver
`
`lo
`Ns C
`
`•
`
`Np
`
`T
`
`FIG. 9
`
`L
`
`vc
`
`276
`...__-1- Common ...... 3------------,
`- 4
`Filter
`- - -
`- -
`
`2-
`
`2so,
`
`268 '
`
`-
`
`FET
`Driv
`
`266,
`
`MC
`
`274"-._
`
`Clock /210
`Current
`Sensor
`I
`264
`
`280,
`
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`
`I -----
`
`RFID
`Reader
`
`FIG. 10
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 6 of 27
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Dec. 6, 2007 Sheet 6 of 11
`
`US 2007/0279002 Al
`
`290,
`
`296
`
`Vbat
`
`294--,
`
`01
`f Mci,-i : .,._.2
`,__----; Regulator
`~----- ---- '
`
`L2
`
`C1
`CAP
`
`RFID
`Antenna
`& Chip
`
`292
`
`F
`
`FIG. 11
`
`300,
`
`L.
`G)
`
`4.5
`4
`~ 3.5
`3
`. ;:
`0 2.5
`Q. ,, 2
`C1) -~ 1.5
`
`C1)
`CJ
`C1)
`0::
`
`1
`0.5
`0
`-1
`
`-0. 75
`
`0.25 Q_S
`0
`-0.25
`-0.5
`Offset (Radius, r)
`
`0. 75
`
`1
`
`FIG. 12
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 7 of 27
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Dec. 6, 2007 Sheet 7 of 11
`
`US 2007/0279002 Al
`
`312
`
`314
`
`324
`
`320,
`
`326
`
`FIG. 13
`
`FIG. 14
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 8 of 27
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Dec. 6, 2007 Sheet 8 of 11
`
`US 2007/0279002 Al
`
`330,
`
`334
`
`330,
`
`FIG. 15
`
`□ 340
`' ,,:',;-=-... ,' ..
`
`,.,.. ___
`: ,: :,',:,;:--..~~\ \ ~p
`' \, \~~~-;, ,!' ,7 ,-
`\:--...... ~--;.,.';, ~
`... __ ,,,.
`
`~ ~
`~
`--
`342
`,,;~}t~~;.\ ~J
`~ ~
`f :. ·~I,!_-;, .. ~\~, ~
`\";:-~'~,
`- ~
`
`...
`
`_,.
`
`"-
`
`'---340
`
`FIG. 16
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 9 of 27
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Dec. 6, 2007 Sheet 9 of 11
`
`US 2007/0279002 Al
`
`350,
`
`.. ----------, D1 2
`: MCU2; ~~ - . . . . - . 1 Regulator ~
`.. _________ ,..
`
`Vbat
`
`L2
`
`C1
`CAP
`
`352
`
`RFID
`Antenna
`& Chip
`
`F
`
`FIG. 17
`
`357
`
`357
`
`Multilayer
`PCB Coil
`
`358
`
`FIG.18
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 10 of 27
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Dec. 6, 2007 Sheet 10 of 11 US 2007/0279002 Al
`
`362
`
`364
`
`;;;, /'•,
`
`Electronics
`
`)
`364
`Battery
`
`II
`'-360
`
`~360
`
`FIG.19
`
`Solar Cell
`376
`
`Solar Cells
`
`370
`
`PCB
`
`Battery
`
`FIG. 20
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 11 of 27
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Dec. 6, 2007 Sheet 11 of 11 US 2007/0279002 Al
`
`,
`
`'-
`
`Cordless Mojo
`
`Solar Cells
`
`,380
`
`■ ■ ■
`■ ■ ■
`
`Blue Mojo
`
`~
`
`Coils
`
`Electronics
`PCB
`
`384
`
`Electronics
`
`384
`
`FIG. 21
`
`390,
`
`FIG. 22
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 12 of 27
`
`

`

`US 2007/0279002 Al
`
`Dec. 6, 2007
`
`POWER SOURCE, CHARGING SYSTEM,
`AND INDUCTIVE RECEIVER FOR MOBILE
`DEVICES
`
`CLAlM OF PRJORJTY
`
`ll1is application claims the benefit of provisional
`10001)
`patent applications "MOBILE DEVICE, CHARGER, AND
`POWER SUPPLY", Application No. 60/810,262, filed Jun.
`I, 2006; "MOBILE DEVICE, BATTERY, CHARGING
`SYSTEM, AND POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM", Application
`No. 60/810,298. filed Jun. 1. 2006; and "SYSTEM AND
`METHOD FOR PROVlDJNG AND USING A PORTABLE
`INDUCTIVE POWER SOURCE", Application No. 60/868,
`674, filed Dec. 5, 2006; each of which applications are
`hereby incorporated by reference herein.
`
`COPYRIGHT NOTICE
`
`(0002) A portion of the disclosure of this patent docwnent
`contains material which is subject to copyright protection.
`The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile
`reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent
`disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office
`patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright
`rights whatsoever.
`(0003) 1. Field of the Invention
`(0004) The invention is related generally to power sup(cid:173)
`plies. power sources, inductive power sources. charging
`systems, mobile devices, mobile device chargers, and bat(cid:173)
`teries.
`(000SJ 2. Background
`(0006) 111ere is currently a need for powering portable or
`mobile devices for use in commercial, business, personal.
`consumer, and other applications. Examples of such devices
`include cellular telephones, personal digital assistants
`(PDAs), notebook computers, mobile email devices, Black(cid:173)
`berry devices Bluetooth headsets, music players (for
`example. MP3 players), radios. compact disk players, video
`game consoles, digital cameras, electric shavers, a nd electric
`toothbrnshes. Most of these devices include a rechargeable
`internal battery that must be first charged by an external
`power supply or charger, before the device itself can be used.
`The power supply typically provides direct current (DC)
`voltage through a special connector to the device. The power
`supply can then be disconnected, and the device will con(cid:173)
`tinue to run for a short period of time until the battery is
`depleted. 1l1e voltage and power requirements of the differ(cid:173)
`ent devices vary, and to date there is currently no standard(cid:173)
`ized conn.ector for the devices. As a result of this, each
`mobile device is invariably sold or distributed bundled with
`its own charger. The costs associated with these multiple
`different types and numbers of charger are paid by the
`consumer indirectly by being incorporated into the prices
`being charged for tl1e mobile device.
`ll1e rapid increase in the total number and variety
`(0007]
`of mobile products has mealll that most people have several
`of the above-mentioned devices. In a typical day. that user
`would have to separately connect their multiple devices to
`each of their appropriate chargers for charging of each
`device. In addition, many people find it necessary to charge
`their devices in different locations such as their offices and
`cars. 1lrns, many users have purchased additional chargers
`
`for their oflkes and cars. for use ill charging their mobile
`phones, Dotebook computers, and music players in those
`locations.
`(0008]
`It will be evident that the above situation has
`caused typical users to have a multitude of incompatible
`devices (i.e. power supplies and chargers) that essentially
`provide the same function of charging a mobile device, but
`because of the number and variety that must be kept by the
`user are inconvenient to use. In many situations, users
`simply forget to charge their devices, or else find they need
`to recharge their device in situations where no appropriate
`charger is available. This leads to loss of ability lo use the
`device when desired or needed.
`In addition, when traveling way from home, mobile
`(0009)
`users have a particular problem in that they need to pack and
`carry the multiple chargers for their devices. ln many
`situations, these chargers are bulkier and heavier t han the
`devices themselves, and use of these devices in foreign
`countries requires clumsy adaptors. and sometimes voltage
`converters. This leads to a high degree of inconvenience for
`the ever-more-mobile consumer.
`(0010]
`In addition, the power connector for the mobile
`devices is often cheaply manufactured, and a source of
`mechanical and electrical failure. In many applications, such
`as too thbrnshes or applications where the device is exposed
`to water and needs to be henuetically scaled, such a physical
`co1mection can not be used. Thus an alternative means of
`powering those types of devices must be used.
`(0011) Several products have tried to address this situa(cid:173)
`tion. Some companies propose the use of a universal charger
`that consists of a power supply base unit, and iDtercbange(cid:173)
`able tips that both fit into the base unit and in tll!n fit different
`devices. The tip includes a customized regulator that sets the
`voltage required by the particular device. However, a user
`must carry the multiple tips he or she needs for each of the
`various devices they have, and then charge each device
`serially by connecting the device to the power supply. Wbile
`this product reduces the overalJ weight of the charging tools
`the user must carry. the user still needs to carry and exchange
`the tips to connect to different devices. Jn addition. the
`charging of multiple devices simultaneously is often not
`possible.
`[0012) Realizing that a power supply typically contains a
`transfonner for voltage conversion, another approach is to
`split the transformer into two parts: a first part can contain
`the first winding and the electronics to drive this winding at
`the appropriate operating frequency, while the second part
`consists of a winding where power is received and then
`rectified to obtain DC voltage. If the two parts are brought
`into physical proximity to each other, power is transformed
`from the first part to the secoud inductively, i.e. by induction,
`without any physical electrical cotmection. This is the
`approach that is used in many electrical toothbrushes. shav(cid:173)
`ers, and other products that are expected to be used in wet
`environn1ents. However, a common problem with such
`inductive units is that the windings are bulk-y, which restricts
`their use in lightweight portable devices. Furthermore, to
`achieve adequate power transfer, the parts must be designed
`to fit together suitably so that their windings are closely
`aligned. This is typically done by molding the device casing
`(for example, an electric toothbrnsh) and its charger/ holder
`so that they fit together in only one suitable way. However,
`the molded base and shape oft he portable device means they
`cannot be used in a universal fashion to power other devices.
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 13 of 27
`
`

`

`US 2007/0279002 Al
`
`Dec. 6, 2007
`
`2
`
`(0013] Some companies have proposed pad-like charging
`devices based on inductive concepts, but that also ostensibly
`allow for different types of devices to be charged. These
`pads typically includes grids of wires in an x and y direction,
`that carry an electrical current, and that generate a uniform
`magnetic field parallel to the surface of the pad. A secondary
`coil wound arotmd a magnetic core lies on the surface of the
`pad and picks up the magnetic field parallel to the surface,
`and in this manner energy can be transferred. However, each
`of these methods su:lfcr from poor power trausfer, in that
`most of the power in the primary is not picked up in the
`secondary, and thus the overall power efticiency of the
`charger is very low. In additiou, the magnetic cores used for
`the primary and secondary are often bulky and add to the
`total cost and size of the system. and limit incorporation into
`many devices.
`(0014) Another point to note is that. while all of the above
`devices allow a user to charge a device, they also require the
`charging device or base unit to be electrically connected to
`a power source, such as a power outlet or a DC source. la
`many cases, the user may not have access to such a power
`source such as when traveling, camping, or working in an
`area without access to power. However, to date, no device
`has been provided that is portable., and that allows for
`inductive charging of multiple devices with difforing power
`requirements, and which itself can be in1en11inently or
`occasionally charged either by an external power source, or
`by other means, or that is self-powered or includes its own
`power source.
`
`SUMMARY
`
`(0015) A power source, charging system, and inductive
`receiver for mobile devices is disclosed herein. In accor(cid:173)
`dance with an embodiment. a pad or similar base uni.I
`comprises a primary., which creates a magnetic :field by
`applying an alternating current to a winding, coil, or any
`type of current canying wire. A receiver comprises a means
`for receiving the energy from tl1e a lternating magnetic field
`and transferring it to a mobile or other device. The receiver
`can also comprise electronic components or logic to set the
`voltage and curreot to the appropriate levels .required by the
`mobile device, or to colillllunicate information or data to and
`from the pad. The system may also incorporate efficiency
`measures that improve the efficiency of power transfer
`between the charger and receiver.
`lo some embodiments the receiver can also com(cid:173)
`(0016)
`prise electronic components or logic to set the voltage and
`current to the appropriate levels required by the mobile
`device, or to communicate in.formation to the pad. In addi(cid:173)
`tional embodiments, the system can provide for additional
`ftmctionality such as communication of data stored in the
`electronic device or to be transferred to the device. Some
`embodiments may also incorporate efficiency measures that
`improve the efficiency of power transfer between the charger
`and receiver, and uJtimately to the mobile device. In accor(cid:173)
`dance with an embodiment the device includes an internal
`battery for self-powered operation. ln accordance with other
`e mbodiments the device can include a solar cell power
`source, hand crank, or other means of power supply for
`
`occasional self powered operation. Other embodiments can
`be incorporated into charging kiosks, automobiles, and other
`applications.
`
`BRIEF DESCRJPTION OF THE FIGURES
`
`(0017] FIG. 1 shows a pad using multiple receiver/ener(cid:173)
`gizer coils in accordance with an embodiment of the inven(cid:173)
`tion,
`(0018] FIG. 2 shows a figure of a circuit diagram in
`accordance with ru1 embodiment of the invention.
`[0019] FJG. 3 shows a charging pad us ing multiple coils in
`accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
`(0020] FIG. 4 shows a charging pad using multiple over(cid:173)
`lapping coil layers in accordance w ith an embodiment of the
`invention.
`(0021] FIG. 5 shows the use of multiple coil types and
`sizes in overlapping pad layers in accordance with au
`embodiment of the invention.
`(0022] FIG. 6 shows a receiver with an integrated battery
`in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
`(0023] FIG. 7 shows a coupling of receiver with a device
`to be charged in accordance with an embodiment of the
`invention.
`(0024] FIG. 8 shows a pad allowing modular or multiple
`connectivity in accordance with au embodiment of the
`invention.
`(0025) FJG. 9 shows a figure of a circuit diagram in
`accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
`(0026] FIG. 10 shows a figure of a circuit diagram in
`accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
`(0027) FIG. 11 shows a figure of a circuit diagram m
`accordance with au embodiment of the invention.
`(0028) FIG. 12 shows a figure of power transfer chart in
`accordance with ru1 embodiment of the invention.
`(0029] FIG. 13 shows a figure of a coil layout in accor(cid:173)
`dance with ru1 embodiment of the invention.
`[0030] FIG. 14 shows a :figure of a coil layout in accor(cid:173)
`dance with au embodiment of the invention.
`[0031) FIG. 15 shows a figure of a charging pad with
`multiple coils in accordance with an embodiment of the
`invention.
`[0032] FIG. 16 shows a figure of a charging pad with
`movable coils in accordance with an embodiment of the
`invention.
`[0033] FIG. 17 shows a figure o f a circuit diagram in
`accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
`(0034] FIG. 18 shows an illustration of a means of stack(cid:173)
`ing coils. in accordance with au embodiment of the inven(cid:173)
`tion.
`(0035) FIG. 19 shows an illustration of a device for
`inductive power charging that includes an internal battery
`for self-powered operation, in accordance with an embodi(cid:173)
`ment of ihc invention.
`(0036) FIG. 20 shows an illustration of an inductive
`charger unit with a solar eel I power source for self powered
`operation, in accordance with an embodiment of tlie iiweu(cid:173)
`tion.
`(0037] FIG. 21 shows an illustration of an inductive
`charger unit with au incorporated collllJlunicatious and/or
`storage unit, in accordance witll au embodiment of the
`invention.
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 14 of 27
`
`

`

`US 2007/0279002 Al
`
`Dec. 6, 2007
`
`3
`
`10038) FIG. 22 shows an illustration of a kiosk that
`incorporates an inductive charger unit in accordance with an
`embodiment of the invention.
`
`embodiments can be incorporated into charging kiosks.
`automobiles, computer cases, and other electronic devices
`and applications.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`
`(0039] A power source, charging system. and inductive
`receiver for mobile devices is disclosed l1erein. In accor(cid:173)
`dance with an embodiment, a pad or similar base unit
`comprises a primary. which creates a magnetic field by
`applying a n alternating current to a winding, coil, or any
`type of current carrying wire. A receiver comprises a means
`for receiving the energy from the alternating magnetic field
`and transferring it to a mobile or other device. The receiver
`can also comprise electronic components or logic to set the
`voltage and current to the appropriate levels required by the
`mobile device. or to communicate information or data to and
`from the pad. The system may also incorporate eOiciency
`measures that improve the efficiency of power transfer
`between the charger and receiver.
`In some embodiments the receiver can also com(cid:173)
`(0040)
`prise electronic components or logic to set the voltage and
`current 10 the appropriate levels required by the mobile
`device. In some embodiments, the receiver can also contain
`circuitry to sense and determine the status of the electronic
`device to be charged, the battery inside, or a variety of other
`parameters and to communicate this inforn1ation to the pad.
`ln additional embodiments, U1e system can provide for
`addi tional functionality such as co=mlication of data
`stored in the electronic device (for example, digital images
`stored in cameras, telephone nwubers in cell phones, songs
`in MP3 players) or data into U1e device.
`(0041) Embodiments can also incorporate efficiency mea(cid:173)
`sures that improve the efficiency of power transfer between
`the charger and receiver, and ultimately to the mobile
`device. In accordance with an embodiment, the charger or
`power supply comprises a switch, (for example, a MOSFET
`device or another switching mechanism), that is switched at
`an appropriate frequency to generate an alternative current
`(AC) voltage across a primary coil, and generates an AC
`magnetic field. This field in tum generates a voltage in the
`coil in the receiver that is rectified and then smoot hed by a
`capacitor to provide power to a load, with the result being
`greater efficiency.
`In accordance with other embodiments the coils are
`(0042)
`motrnted such that they can move laterally w ithin the pad
`and within an area of their segments, while continuing to be
`connected to their driver electronics placed on the edges of
`the area. The floating coils and the drive circuit are sand(cid:173)
`wiched in between thin upper and lower cover layers that act
`to allow the coils lateral movement while limiting vertical
`movement. When a secondary is placed on the pad. the pad
`senses the position of the secondary coil and moves the coils
`to the right position to optimize power transfer. Magnets can
`be used to better orient ilie coils and improve greater power
`transfer efficiency.
`(0043) Additional embodiments are also described herein.
`For example in accordance with an embodiment the device
`includes an internal battery for self-powered operation. 1n
`accordance with other embodiments the device can include
`a solar cell power source hand crank. or other means of
`power supply for occasional self powered o peration. Other
`
`Inductive Charging System
`
`[0044) While the above mentioned teclrnologies describe
`various aspects of inductive charging., they do not address
`the basic requirements that a conswner and manufacturer
`desire in such a product. These include U1e following desired
`features:
`(0045] The pad should be able to charge a munber of
`devices wiili various power requirements efficiently. A
`typical muuber would be 1-6 devices. and probably up
`to 4 low power (up to 5 W) devices simultaneously,
`When multiple devices are being charged, a method for
`energizing only those coils near a device is preferable.
`[0046) 111e same pad should be able to power low(cid:173)
`power devices (mobile phones, PDAs, cameras, game
`consoles, etc.) with power requirements of 5 W or less,
`and higher-power devices such as notebook computers
`(which often have a power requirement of 60 W o r
`higher).
`[0047] The power transfer efficiency between the pri(cid:173)
`mary coil and the secondary should be maximized.
`Lack of efficiency in the power transfer would neces(cid:173)
`sitate larger and heavier AC to DC power supplies. This
`would add cost and decrease product attractiveness to
`customers. Thus methods where the entire pad is ener(cid:173)
`gized are not as attractive.
`[0048) A simple method for verification of the manu(cid:173)
`facturer of the secondary, and possibly infonnation for
`power requirements, should be supported as necessary
`to ensure product compatibility and to provide means
`of product registration and licensing.
`·111e EM1 radiatio n from the system should be
`(0049)
`minimized, and ideally, the system should radiate little
`or no EMJ with no device present. A charger should
`prefen1bly not emit any power until an appropriate
`device is brought close to the charger itself. In this way,
`electric power is not wasted, and electromagnetic
`power is not emitted needlessly. In addition, accidental
`effects on magnetically sensitive devices such as credit
`cards. disk drives and such are minimized.
`(0050) T11e pad and the receiver should be reasonably
`simple to construct, and cost effective. Since both parts
`can be integrated into mobile devices, the overall size,
`weight, and form factor should be minimized.
`(0051) As used herein, the term charger can refer to a
`device for supplying power to a mobile or stationary device
`for the purpose of either charging its battery, operating the
`device at that moment in time, or both. For example, as is
`common in portable computers, the power supply can oper(cid:173)
`ate the portable computers or charge its battery, or accom(cid:173)
`plish both tasks simultaneously. In accordance with an
`embodiment, the mobile device charger can have any suit(cid:173)
`able configuration, such as the configuration of a flat pad.
`The power received by the mobile device from the mobile
`device charger (such as the primary in the mobile device
`charger) can be rectified in the receiver and smoothed by a
`capacitor before being connected to the rechargeable battery
`which is represented by the load in the picture above. To
`ensure proper charging of the battery, a regulator can be
`placed between the output of the receiver and the battery.
`This regulator cru1 sense the appropriate paramecers of the
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 15 of 27
`
`

`

`US 2007/0279002 Al
`
`Dec. 6, 2007
`
`4
`
`battery (voltage, current, capacity), and regulate the current
`drawn from the receiver appropriately. The battery can
`contain a chip with information regarding its characteristics
`that can be read out by the regulator. A lternatively, such
`information can be stored in the regulator for the mobile
`device to be charged, and an appropriate charging profile can
`a lso be programmed into the regulator.
`(0052] FIG. 1 shows a pad using multiple receiver/ener(cid:173)
`gizer coils in accordance w ith an embodiment. In its sim (cid:173)
`plest fonnat, the mobile device charger or power supply
`preferably has a substantially flat configuration, such as the
`configuration of a pad 100, and comprises multiple coils or
`sets of wires 104. These coils or wires can be the same size
`as or larger than the coils or wires in the mobile devices. and
`can have similar or different shapes, including for example
`a spiral shape. For example, for a mobile device charger
`designed to charge up to four mobile devices of similar
`power (up to 10 W each) such as mobile handsets, MP3
`players. etc., fou r or more of the coils or wires would ideally
`be present in the mobile device charger. The charger pad or
`pad can be powered by plugging into a power source such
`as a wall socket. The pad can a lso be powered by another
`electronic device, such as the pad being powered through the
`USB outle t of a laptop or by the connector that laptops have
`at the bottom for interfacing with docking stations, or
`powering other devices. The pad can also be incorporated
`into a docking station, such as may be used by notebook
`computers.
`(0053) A mobile device can
`include a receiver that
`includes one or more coils or w ires to receive the power
`from the mobile device charger. As described in further
`detail below, the receiver can be made part of the battery in
`the mobile device or of the shell o ftl1e mobile device. When
`it is part of rhe mobile device shell, the receiver can be part
`of the inside surface of the mobile device shell or of the
`outside surface of the mobile device shell. The receiver can
`be connected to the power input jack of the mobile device or
`can bypass the input jack and be directly com1ected to the
`battery. In any of these configurations, the receiver includes
`one or more appropriate coil or wire geometries that can
`receive power from the mobile device charger when it is
`placed adjacent to Ilic mobile device charger. In accordance
`with an embodiment, the coils in the mobile device charger
`and/or the coils in the mobile devices can be printed circuit
`board (PCB) coils, and !lie PCB coils can be placed in one
`or more layers of PCB.
`(0054)
`In some embodiments, the charger can also itself be
`built into a mobile device. For example, a laptop computer
`or other portable or mobile device can incorporate a charger
`section so that other mobile devices can be charged as
`described above. Alternatively, using the same set of coils or
`wires, or a separate set of coils or wires, any mobile device
`can itself be used as a charger to power or charge other
`mobile devices.
`(0055]
`In accordance with an embodiment. the mobile
`device charger or pad, a nd the various mobile devices, can
`communicate with each oilier to transfer data. In one
`embodiment. the coils in the mobile device charger that are
`used for powering the mobile device, or another set of coils
`in the same PCB layer or in a separate layer. can be used for
`data transfer between the mobile device charger and the
`mobile device to be charged or the battery directly. Tech(cid:173)
`niques employed in radio a nd network communication. such
`as radio frequency identification (RF] D) can be used. In one
`
`embodimeut a chip connected to an antenna (for example.
`the secondary coil or separate data antenna) or another
`means of transfer of information can be used to provide
`information about, for example, the presence of the mobile
`device. its authenticity (for example its manufacturer code)
`and the devices□ charging requirements (such as its required
`voltage. battery capacity, and charge algorithm profile).
`In accordance with an embodiment, a typical
`(0056]
`sequence for charger operation can be as follows: The
`mobile device charger can be in a low power stams nonnally,
`thus mininiizing power usage. However, periodically, each
`of the coils ( or a separate data coil in another PCB layer) is
`powered up in rotation with a short signal such as a short
`radiofrequency (RF) signal that can activate a signal receiver
`in the secondary such as an RF ID tag. The mobile device
`charger then t·ries to identify a return signal from any mobile
`device ( or any secondary) that may be nearby. Once a mobile
`device (or a secondary) is detected the mobile device charger
`and the mobile device proceed to excha nge information.
`This information can include a unique ID code that can
`verify the authenticity and manufacturer of the charger and
`mobile device, the voltage requirements of the battery or the
`mobile device, and the capacity of the bat1ery. For security
`purposes or to avoid counterfeit device or pad manufacmre,
`such information could be encrypted, as is common in some
`RFID tags.
`ln accordance with various embodiment, other
`(0057]
`protocols such as Near Field Communications (NFC) or
`Felica can be used. wherein the circuitry containing the ID
`and the necessary information is powered either by the
`mobile device or remotely by the mobile device charger.
`Depending on the particular implementation needs, Blue(cid:173)
`tooth, WiFi, and other information transfer processes can be
`used. Additional infonnation regarding the cha rging profile
`for tl1e battery can also be exchanged and can include
`parameters that would be used in a pre-programmed charge
`profile stored in tbe mobile device charger. However, the
`information exchanged could be as simple as an acknowl(cid:173)
`edge signal that shows the mobile device charger that a
`mobile device is present. The charger can also contain means
`for detectio n and comparison Of the strength of the signal
`over different locations on the charger. ln this way, it could
`determine the location of the mobile device on the charger,
`and then proceed to activate the appropriate region for
`charging.
`(0058)
`In some embodiments that require greater simplic(cid:173)
`ity, no conummication need take place between the mobile
`device charger and the mobile device. ln some embodiments
`the mobile device charger can sense tl1e mobile device by
`detecting a change in the conditions of a resonant circuit in
`the mobile device charger when the mobile device is brought
`nearby. ln other embodiments the mobile device can be
`sensed by a number of proxin1ity sensors such as capaci(cid:173)
`tance, weight, magnetic, optical, or other sensors that deter(cid:173)
`mine the presence of a mobile device near a coil in the
`mobile device charger. O nce a mobile device is sensed near
`a primary coil or section of the mobile device charger, the
`mobile device charger can then activate that primary coi