( 12 ) United States Patent
`Bae
`
`( 10 ) Patent No . : US 10 , 193 , 392 B2
`( 45 ) Date of Patent :
`Jan . 29 , 2019
`
`US010193392B2
`
`( 54 ) WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER DEVICE
`AND WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER
`SYSTEM
`( 71 ) Applicant : LG INNOTEK CO . , LTD . , Seoul ( KR )
`( 72 ) Inventor : Su Ho Bae , Seoul ( KR )
`( 73 ) Assignee : LG INNOTEK CO . , LTD . , Seoul ( KR )
`Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this
`( * ) Notice :
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U . S . C . 154 ( b ) by 68 days .
`( 21 ) Appl . No . :
`15 / 110 , 665
`( 22 ) PCT Filed :
`Jan . 7 , 2015
`( 86 ) PCT No . :
`PCT / KR2015 / 000163
`$ 371 ( c ) ( 1 ) ,
`( 2 ) Date :
`Jul . 8 , 2016
`( 87 ) PCT Pub . No . : W02015 / 105334
`PCT Pub . Date : Jul 16 , 2015
`Prior Publication Data
`US 2016 / 0329752 A1 Nov . 10 , 2016
`Foreign Application Priority Data
`( 30 )
`Jan . 8 , 2014
`( KR ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 2014 - 0002327
`Jan . 24 , 2014
`( KR ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 2014 - 0009243
`( 51 )
`Int . Cl .
`HOIF 27 / 42
`H02J 50 / 12
`HO2J 50 / 40
`HO2J 50 / 80
`HO2J 7 / 02
`
`( 65 )
`
`( 2006 . 01 )
`( 2016 . 01 )
`( 2016 . 01 )
`( 2016 . 01 )
`( 2016 . 01 )
`( Continued )
`U . S . CI .
`??? .
`H02J 50 / 12 ( 2016 . 02 ) ; HO2J 77025
`( 2013 . 01 ) ; H02J 77041 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; H02J 50 / 40
`( 2016 . 02 ) ;
`
`( Continued )
`
`( 52 )
`
`( 56 )
`
`CN CN
`
`( 58 ) Field of Classification Search
`CPC . . . . . . . . . . . . HO2J 50 / 80 ; H02J 7 / 025 ; HO2J 50 / 40 ;
`HO2M 7 / 53873 ; H04B 5 / 0037
`See application file for complete search history .
`References Cited
`U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS
`7 , 180 , 347 B2
`2 / 2007 Azmoodeh
`2010 / 0109443 Al
`5 / 2010 Cook et al .
`( Continued )
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`102751773 A
`10 / 2012
`103326475 A
`9 / 2013
`( Continued )
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`International Search Report issued in PCT / KR2015 / 000163 , dated
`Mar . 31 , 2015 .
`
`( Continued )
`Primary Examiner — Jared Fureman
`Assistant Examiner — Duc M Pham
`( 74 ) Attorney , Agent , or Firm — Birch , Stewart , Kolasch
`& Birch , LLP
`ABSTRACT
`( 57 )
`A wireless power transfer system according to an embodi
`ment of the present invention is a wireless power transfer
`system having a receiving part for receiving power from a
`transmitting part , wherein the transmitting part comprises : a
`power conversion part comprising a full bridge inverter ; and
`a control part for controlling the power conversion part
`using a pulse width modulation ( PWM ) control signal , the
`duty ratio of the PWM control signal being determined by a
`duty ratio in which the ratio of the magnitude of harmonics
`to the magnitude of a fundamental frequency among fre
`quency components of the output signal of the power
`conversion part is a minimum .
`8 Claims , 14 Drawing Sheets
`
`100
`
`120 120
`
`130
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`140
`
`Ex.1001
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`US 10 , 193 , 392 B2
`Page 2
`
`( 2006 . 01 )
`( 2006 . 01 )
`
`( 51 )
`
`( 52 )
`
`( 56 )
`
`Int . CI .
`HO2J 7 / 04
`H04B 5 / 00
`U . S . CI .
`CPC . . . . . . . . . . . . H02J 50 / 80 ( 2016 . 02 ) ; H04B 5 / 0037
`( 2013 . 01 ) ; H04B 5 / 0075 ( 2013 . 01 )
`References Cited
`U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS
`2011 / 0248571 Al
`10 / 2011 Kim et al .
`2013 / 0128638 A1
`5 / 2013 Irish
`2013 / 0241304 A1
`9 / 2013 Bae
`10 / 2013 Komiyama
`2013 / 0278071 A1
`2013 / 0334893 Al
`12 / 2013 Takahashi
`2014 / 0054971 A1
`2 / 2014 Kissin et al .
`2014 / 0078783 A1 *
`3 / 2014 Huang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HO2M 3 / 33576
`363 / 17
`2014 / 0226462 A1
`2014 / 0241012 A1 *
`
`2014 Smiberg - Poulsen
`
`8 / 2014 Smith et al .
`8 / 2014 Lind
`- Poulsen
`HO2M 3 / 33523
`363 / 17
`
`LLLLL
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`103378658 A
`10 / 2013
`9 / 2013
`2642628 A
`11 - 224822 A
`8 / 1999
`2013 - 106490 A
`5 / 2013
`8 / 2013
`2013 - 198402 A
`2013 - 223409 A
`9 / 2013
`2013 - 251974 A
`12 / 2013
`2015 - 536123 A
`12 / 2015
`10 - 2011 - 0112921 A
`10 / 2011
`10 - 2012 - 0138832 A
`12 / 2012
`WO 2013 / 038808 AL
`3 / 2013
`WO 2013 / 074529 A1
`5 / 2013
`WO 2013 / 179763 A1
`12 / 2013
`
`CN
`
`EP
`
`ESS
`
`KR
`KR
`WO
`WO
`WO
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`Kim et al . , A study on the THD reduction of single phase 2 level
`inverter for grid connection for ship , Journal of the Korean Society
`of Marine Engineering , vol . 38 , No . 1 , 2014 , pp . 64 - 69 .
`* cited by examiner
`
`Ex.1001
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`U . S . Patent
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`Jan . 29 , 2019
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`Sheet 1 of 14
`
`US 10 , 193 , 392 B2
`
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`Ex.1001
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`U . S . Patent
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`Jan . 29 , 2019
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`Sheet 2 of 14
`
`US 10 , 193 , 392 B2
`
`FIG . 3
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`Ex.1001
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`U . S . Patent
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`Jan . 29 , 2019
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`Sheet 3 of 14
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`US 10 , 193 , 392 B2
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`Ex.1001
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`atent
`
`Jan . 29 , 2019
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`Sheet 4 of 14
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`US 10 , 193 , 392 B2
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`Ex.1001
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`U . S . Patent
`
`Jan . 29 , 2019
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`Sheet 5 of 14
`
`| US 10 , 193 , 392 B2
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`Ex.1001
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`atent
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`Jan . 29 , 2019
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`Sheet 6 of 14
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`US 10 , 193 , 392 B2
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`Ex.1001
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`atent
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`Jan . 29 , 2019
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`Sheet 7 of 14
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`US 10 , 193 , 392 B2
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`Ex.1001
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`atent
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`Jan . 29 , 2019
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`Sheet 8 of 14
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`US 10 , 193 , 392 B2
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`Ex.1001
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`atent
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`Jan . 29 , 2019
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`Sheet 9 of 14
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`US 10 , 193 , 392 B2
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`Ex.1001
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`U . S . Patent
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`Jan . 29 , 2019
`
`Sheet 10 of 14
`
`US 10 , 193 , 392 B2
`
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`atent
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`Jan . 29 , 2019
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`Sheet 11 of 14
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`US 10 , 193 , 392 B2
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`Ex.1001
`APPLE INC. / Page 13 of 27
`
`

`

`U . S . Patent
`
`Jan . 29 , 2019
`
`Sheet 12 of 14
`
`US 10 , 193 , 392 B2
`
`FIG . 16A
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`Ex.1001
`APPLE INC. / Page 14 of 27
`
`

`

`atent
`
`Jan . 29 , 2019
`
`Sheet 13 of 14
`
`US 10 , 193 , 392 B2
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`Ex.1001
`APPLE INC. / Page 15 of 27
`
`

`

`atent
`
`Jan . 29 , 2019
`
`Sheet 14 of 14
`
`US 10 , 193 , 392 B2
`
`FIG . 18
`SENSING
`
`SENSING
`
`REQUEST POWER
`
`I
`
`CONTROL CONVERTER
`
`UNIV
`
`F - S100
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`
`$ 300
`
`CONTROL POWER CONVERTING PARTS400
`
`TRANSMIT POWER
`
`- - $ 500
`
`Ex.1001
`APPLE INC. / Page 16 of 27
`
`

`

`US 10 , 193 , 392 B2
`
`WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER DEVICE
`AND WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER
`SYSTEM
`
`CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`
`This application is the National Phase of PCT Interna -
`tional Application No . PCT / KR2015 / 000163 , filed on Jan . 7 ,
`2015 , which claims priority under 35 U . S . C . 119 ( a ) to Patent
`Application No 10 - 2014 - 0002327 , filed in the Republic of
`Korea on Jan . 8 , 2014 and Patent Application No . 10 - 2014
`.
`0009243 , filed in the Republic of Korea on Jan . 24 , 2014 , all
`of which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference into
`the present application .
`TECHNICAL FIELD
`
`In more detail , changes of magnetic field emitting from
`the power transmitter generate current caused by electro
`magnetic induction phenomenon in a conductor of a station
`ary surrounding equipment , capable of causing abnormal
`5 operations . Also , magnetic field generated in the power
`transmitter causes current in a mobile equipment when the
`mobile equipment moves around the magnetic field , capable
`of causing obstacles . Also , when the power transmitter has
`a resonance condition similar to that of the surrounding
`equipment that does not want to receive power , there may
`occur a magnetic resonance coupling , capable of causing
`erroneous operations in the surrounding equipment .
`Since the harmonic component may cause harmful effect
`on an electronic equipment and a body as described above ,
`it is important to meet regulations for an electromagnetic
`15 compatibility ( EMC ) , an
`electromagnetic interference
`( EMI ) and an electromagnetic susceptibility ( EMS ) .
`FIG . 1 is a block diagram of a transmitter for transmitting
`power in a conventional wireless power transfer system .
`Referring to FIG . 1 , the transmitter 1 may include a gate
`Embodiments relate to a wireless power transfer technol - 20 driver 2 , a power converter 3 of a half bridge type , a
`ogy .
`matching circuit 4 , and a transmission coil 5 .
`A half bridge circuit of the power converter 3 in the art has
`BACKGROUND ART
`two switches that are complementarily turned on and turned
`off when proper voltage waveforms are applied to gage
`Wireless power transfer ( WPT ) system is a technology of 25 driving inputs , respectively .
`At this time , a square wave voltage generates which is
`transferring power through a space without any wire , which
`used to switch between a common node of the two switches
`maximizes ease of providing mobile equipment and digital
`and the ground .
`appliances with power .
`Since the output not of a sine wave but of the square wave
`The wireless power transfer system has advantages of
`has a problem that it has many of harmonic components that
`saving energy by a power usage control in real time , 30 s
`are integer multiple frequency of a fundamental wave , it is
`overcoming a restriction of space needed for providing
`limited to reduce the harmonic using the power converter 3
`power and reducing waste batteries by recharging batteries .
`in the art .
`The wireless power transfer system is typically embodied
`in a magnetic induction scheme or a magnetic resonance
`INVENTION
`scheme .
`The magnetic induction scheme is a non - contact energy
`Technical Problem
`transfer technique where current is applied to one of two
`An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a
`coils disposed closely each other and by means of the
`wireless power transfer device that is capable of minimizing
`magnetic flux generated accordingly electromotive force is
`also applied to the other coil , which may use frequencies of 40 current wasted or consumed and enhancing a wireless power
`transfer efficiency .
`hundreds of kHz .
`The magnetic resonance scheme is a magnetic resonance
`Another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a
`technique where electric field or magnetic field only is used
`wireless power transfer system that includes the wireless
`without using electromagnetic waves or current so that the
`power transfer device .
`Yet another embodiment of the present disclosure pro
`distance of power transfer is more than several meters , 45
`vides a wireless power transfer device and a wireless power
`which has a characteristic that band having tens of MHz is
`transfer system including the same that solve obstacles such
`used .
`as power reception and noise due to harmonic components
`However , there is a problem that power loss occurs due to
`included in an output signal of a power conversion part of a
`the current loss at a receiving side .
`transmitter for transmitting power .
`Additionally , in the wireless power transfer system , there 50
`Still yet another embodiment of the present disclosure
`provides a wireless power transfer device and a wireless
`occurs a spurious wave , that is , a harmonic coming from a
`power transmitter , and such a harmonic component may
`power transfer system including the same that approximates
`cause an electromagnetic interference effect , thereby having
`an output waveform of the power conversion part to a sign
`a harmful effect on a body .
`wave using the power conversion part including a full bridge
`The harmonic refers to a frequency higher than a com - 55 inverter , improving a harmonic distortion ratio .
`Still yet another embodiment of the present disclosure
`mercial frequency in terms of power , hundreds of Hz or
`higher , for example , which has integer multiple frequency of
`provides a wireless power transfer device and a wireless
`a fundamental .
`power transfer system including the same that feedback an
`The wireless power transfer system generates the har -
`output signal outputted from a power conversion part to
`monic component near the multiple frequency of the receiv - 60 measure a distribution of harmonic elements of the output
`ing frequency due to a non - linear characteristic of the
`signal and to provide a duty ratio that is capable of mini
`receiver load , basically . That is , the AC signal provided from
`mizing the harmonic components .
`the receiver does not remain as its waveform but is distorted
`due to the non - linear load , forming a harmonic .
`Technical Solution
`The harmonic component disturbs normal operations of 65
`surrounding equipment or causes undesired power recep
`In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclo
`sure , there is provided a transmitter for generating a wireless
`tion , noise and various obstacles .
`
`35
`
`Ex.1001
`APPLE INC. / Page 17 of 27
`
`

`

`US 10 , 193 , 392 B2
`
`In the transmitter according to an embodiment of the
`power to be transmitted to a receiver , the transmitter com
`present disclosure , there is provided a transmitter for gen
`prising a power conversion part comprising a full bridge
`erating a wireless power to be transmitted to a receiver , the
`inverter ; and a control part for controlling the power con -
`transmitter comprising a control part for generating first to
`version part using a pulse width modulation ( PWM ) control
`signal , wherein a duty ratio of the PWM control signal is 5 fourth AC power control signals , and a power conversion
`determined by a duty ratio in which a ratio of the magnitude
`part for generating an AC power including a positive polar
`of an harmonic to the magnitude of a fundamental frequency
`ity electrode voltage and a negative polarity electrode volt
`among frequency components of an output signal of the
`age in response to the first to fourth AC power control
`signals , wherein the power conversion part generates the
`power conversion part is a minimum .
`In the transmitter according to another embodiment of the
`positive polarity electrode voltage in response to the first and
`present disclosure , the harmonic may have the maximum
`fourth AC power control signals , and the negative polarity
`magnitude of a plurality of harmonic components that have
`electrode voltage in response to the second and third AC
`frequencies of the output signal different with one another .
`power control signals .
`In the transmitter according to another embodiment of the 16
`In the transmitter according to another embodiment of the
`present disclosure , the duty ratio may be 26 % to 44 % .
`present disclosure , a duty ratio of the positive polarity
`In the transmitter according to another embodiment of the
`electrode voltage may be determined by a falling time of the
`present disclosure , the duty ratio may be 41 % or 32 % .
`fourth AC power control signal ,
`In the transmitter according to another embodiment of the
`wherein a duty ratio of the negative polarity electrode
`present disclosure , the transmitter may further include a 20 voltage may be determined by a falling time of the third AC
`rectifying and filtering part configured to receive an input
`power control signal .
`AC power and to generate a DC voltage ; a DC / DC converter
`In the transmitter according to another embodiment of the
`for regulating a level of the DC voltage outputted from the
`present disclosure , the duty ratio may be regulated depend
`rectifying and filtering part to be outputted to the power
`ing on a power receiving status of the receiver .
`conversion part ; and a matching part for performing an 25
`In the transmitter according to another embodiment of the
`impedance matching between the transmitter and the
`present disclosure , the falling time of the fourth AC power
`receiver , wherein the control part controls a DC voltage level
`control signal may be ahead of the falling time of the first AC
`of the DC / DC converter .
`power control signal .
`In the transmitter according to an embodiment of the
`In the transmitter according to another embodiment of the
`present disclosure , there is provided a method for driving a 30 present disclosure , the falling time of the third AC power
`wireless power transfer system that includes a transmitter
`control signal may be ahead of the falling time of the second
`having a power conversion part to convert power applied
`AC power control signal .
`from an external power supply and a receiver to receive
`In the transmitter according to another embodiment of the
`power from the transmitter , the method comprising
`present disclosure , the maximum AC power is generated
`allowing , when the receiver approaches a charging region 35 when the duty ratio may be 50 % , the magnitude of the AC
`of the transmitter , one of the transmitter and the receiver to
`power may be reduced when the duty ratio is decreased .
`sense the other one ; allowing the receiver to request the
`In the transmitter according to another embodiment of the
`transmitter to transfer power allowing a control part of the
`present disclosure , the power conversion part may include
`transmitter to regulate a DC voltage level of the DC / DC
`first to fourth switching elements , the second and third
`converter depending on the amount of power requested by 40 switching elements may be turned off in a time interval when
`the receiver ; and allowing the control part to control the
`the first and fourth switching elements are turned on , and the
`power conversion part depending on a duty ratio of a
`first and fourth switching elements may be turned off in a
`predetermined PWM control signal , wherein the duty ratio
`time interval when the second and third switching elements
`of the PWM control signal is determined by a duty ratio in
`are turned on .
`which a ratio of the magnitude of an harmonic to the 45
`Advantageous Effects
`magnitude of a fundamental frequency among frequency
`components of an output signal of the power conversion part
`An embodiment of the present disclosure may change an
`is a minimum .
`AC power control signal to control an AC power generator
`In the transmitter according to another embodiment of the
`present disclosure , the harmonic may have the maximum 50 depending on a receiving status of a receiver , and control a
`magnitude of a plurality of harmonic components that have
`duty ratio of an AC voltage of an AC power outputted from
`frequencies of the output signal different with one another .
`an AC power generator in response to the change of the AC
`In the transmitter according to another embodiment of the
`power control signal to control the magnitude of the AC
`present disclosure , the power conversion part may include a
`power , thereby blocking an occurrence of current loss to
`full bridge inverter that receives a DC voltage from a 55 prevent power from being wasted .
`DC / DC converter to output an AC signal .
`An embodiment of the present disclosure may solve
`In the transmitter according to another embodiment of the
`obstacles such as power reception and noise due to harmonic
`present disclosure , the duty ratio may be 26 % to 44 % .
`components included in an output signal of a power con
`In the transmitter according to another embodiment of the
`version part of a transmission part for transmitting power ,
`present disclosure , the duty ratio may be 41 % or 32 % .
`60 improve a harmonic distortion ratio by approximating an
`In the transmitter according to another embodiment of the
`output waveform of the power conversion part to
`a sign
`present disclosure , the control part may be fed back with an
`wave using the power conversion part including a full bridge
`output signal outputted from the power conversion part and
`inverter as the embodiment , and provide a duty ratio that
`inve
`provides the power conversion part with a PWM control
`may measure a distribution of harmonic components of the
`signal having a duty ratio in which a ratio of the magnitude 65 output signal and minimize the harmonic components by
`of an harmonic to the magnitude of a fundamental frequency
`feedbacking an output signal outputted from a power con
`version part .
`of the output signal is a minimum .
`
`Ex.1001
`APPLE INC. / Page 18 of 27
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`US 10 , 193 , 392 B2
`
`Meanwhile , a variety of other effects will be directly or
`batteries , such as mobile terminal industry , home appliance
`suggestively disclosed in the detailed description according
`industry , electric automobile industry , medical device indus
`try and robot industry .
`to embodiments described below .
`Embodiments may consider a system that is capable of
`5 transferring power to a number of equipment using one
`DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
`transmission coil that provides an equipment .
`FIG . 1 is a block diagram of a transmitter for transmitting
`Terms and abbreviations used in the embodiments are as
`follows .
`power in a conventional wireless power transfer system .
`Wireless Power Transfer System : a system providing a
`FIG . 2 is a view illustrating a wireless power transfer
`10 wireless power transfer in a magnetic field region
`system according to an embodiment .
`Wireless Power Transfer System - Charger : a device pro
`FIG . 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a transfer
`viding a wireless power transfer in a magnetic field region
`induction coil according to an embodiment .
`Wireless Power Transfer System - Device : a device to
`FIG . 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a power source
`which a wireless power transfer is provided from a power
`and a wireless transfer device according to an embodiment . 15 transmitter in a magnetic field area
`FIG . 5 is an equivalent