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`IPR2022-00468
`Apple EX1016 Page 794
`
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`IPR2022-00468
`Apple EX1016 Page 795
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`Apple EX1016 Page 796
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`

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`Apple EX1016 Page 797
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`Apple EX1016 Page 798
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`IPR2022-00468
`Apple EX1016 Page 799
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`IPR2022-00468
`Apple EX1016 Page 800
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`IPR2022-00468
`Apple EX1016 Page 801
`
`

`

`11/24i2020
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`NASS!R!-TUSSI KARIM [US]; GILBERT DZHEFFRI M [US]; SHUNG
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`lnventor(s):
`
`CHUEN-SHEN [US]; CHERNJAVSKIJ DMITR!J MIKHAJLOVICH
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`[US]± {HACC!l1P!l1-TYCC!l1 KapviM {US), ; r!l1Jl5EPT .Q>Ke¢¢pv1 M.
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`Applicant(s):
`
`w international:H04B7/06
`Classification:
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`
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`w cooperative: H04B7/0617 (EP, KR).; H04B7/0684 (EP, KR).;
`
`H04B7/0851 {EP, KR}.
`Application
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`RU20080136896 20070214
`number:
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`
`Priority
`number(s):
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`US20060773508P 20060214; US20070706711 20070213
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`AU2007215029 (A1)_ AU2007215029 (82)_ AU2007215029 (BB)_
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`Also
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`EP1992083 (A2)_ EP1992083 (B1)_ EP2840720 {A1)_
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`published as:
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`{T2)_ (T3)_ HUE035055 EP2840720 (81 )_ ES2632067
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`KR101329433 (81)_ KR20080104311 {A)_ RU2008136896 (A)_
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`US2007205943 {A1)_ US2010178884 (A1)_ US7710319 (82)_
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`https:i/worldwide,espacenet.com/publicationDstailsibiblio?CC=RU&NR=2446575C2&KC=C2&FT=D&ND=4&date=20120327&DB=&locals=en_EP#
`
`IPR2022-00468
`Apple EX1016 Page 802
`
`

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`Notice
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`This translation is machine-generated. !t cannot be guaranteed that it is intelligible, accurate,
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`complete, reliable or fit for specific purposes. Critical decisions, such as commercially relevant or
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`financial decisions, should not be based on machine-translation output.
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`DESCRIPTION RU2446575C2
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`10 ADAPTIVE BEAM CONTROL FOR MAXIMIZING WIRELESS UNE LIFE AND REDUCING
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`DELAY SPREAD BY USING MULTIPLE TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING ANTENNAS
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`[0001]
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`1s This application asks for disclosure on the filing date of US Provisional Patent Application No.
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`60/773508, entitled "Adaptive Beam Steering Techniques for Maximizing Wireless link
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`Resource and Reducing Delay Spread Using Multiple Transmit and Receive Antennas," filed
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`Feb. 4, 2006. incorporated herein by reference.
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`[0002]
`22 State of the art
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`[0003]
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`w In most wireless communication systems, a radio channel consists of a propagation channel
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`between one transmitting antenna and one receiving antenna.
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`2s However, it has been found that the use of multiple antennas in the transmitter and receiver can
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`significantly increase the link resource and hence the link capacity.
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`30 The disadvantage of this approach is that the complexity of the system can also increase
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`dramatically. Systems with multiple transmit and receive antennas are referred to as wireless
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`MIMO (Multiple Input/ Output Chain) systems.
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`[0004]
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`36 For MIMO systems, an increase in link resource or link capacity is achieved through one of the
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`following approaches: incremental diversification, multiplexing, and beamforming.
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`1
`24-11-2020
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`IPR2022-00468
`Apple EX1016 Page 803
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`3B When an approach that increases diversification is used, similar replicas of signals are
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`transmitted and received by multiple antennas. These multiple transmissions are not separated
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`(made uncorrelated) in time using separate delays or in frequency using separate frequency
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`offsets, or in encoding space using specific permutations and I or encoding. Numerous
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`techniques are combined using an optimal MRC receiver (differential weighted summation of
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`each channel). This approach does not require knowledge of the channel transfer function from
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`the side of the transmitter. In some approaches, however, it requires significant portions of the
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`transmit and receive data channels (analog and digital front-end), which must be duplicated for
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`[0005]
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`50 Most of the current MIMO systems follow the first (diversification) approach mentioned above.
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`s1 The link resource created by this approach is approximately N times less than that resulting
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`implementations require complex systems where entire portions of the analog and digital data
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`channel front-end are copied for each antenna. In the multiplexing scheme, accurate knowledge
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`of the channel transmission function is used to form a common transmitting and receiving
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`function into separate (orthogonal) transmission lines, over which data is multiplexed using
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`appropriate coding and power allocation based on the principle of water filling (more power and
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`data over more stable communication lines). As mentioned, this approach requires knowledge
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`of the channel transfer function from the side of the transmitter. !t also requires significant parts
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`of the transmit and receive data channels (analog and digital), which must be duplicated for
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`62 However, if engineered optimally, it can provide maximum throughput
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`[0006]
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`66 There are options for implementation based on the multiplexing approach, but their complexity is
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`rather excessive for the consumer and mobile wireless applications, as long as the dimension of
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`the MIMO system, i.e. the number of antennas is not limited, which in turn limits the maximum
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`achievable increase in the link resource.
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`function is used transmission of the channel knowledge 10 In the beamforming approach, accurate
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`to focus the transmission on the most stable subspace, referred to as the eigenvector of the
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`common transceiver channel. The signal is then transmitted over subspace. This is done by
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`adjusting the signal phase appropriately and possibly gain separately for each transmit and
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`receive antenna. This scheme certainly requires knowledge of the channel transfer function on
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`the transmitter side. However, it may ideally be implemented by copying only a subset of the
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`analog traffic channel and therefore may require a simpler implementation and I or allow more
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`antennas to be used. It also provides a better link resource than the increased diversification
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`approach described above and, for channels that are highly correlated, can approximate the
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`throughput of the multiplexing method described above. This method requires the transmitting
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`24-11-2020 2
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`IPR2022-00468
`Apple EX1016 Page 804
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`frequency range to be a small fraction of the carrier frequency.
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`a1 It should be noted that multiplexing can be performed through parallel beamforming along with
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`different eigenvectors of the transceiver channel.
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`[0007]
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`aa Beamforming embodiments can generally be found in radar applications where, first, the
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`transmit and receive units are the same, and second, the target of beamforming is completely
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`different from link resource or link capacity maximization.
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`B9 Other beamforming assumptions use straightforward singular decomposition techniques that
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`result in very complex implementations that are not suitable for consumer and mobile wireless
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`applications and therefore place constraints on the dimensionality of the MIMO system, i.e. the
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`number of antennas, and hence the maximum achievable increase in the resource of the
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`communication line.
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`[0008]
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`91 The essence of the invention
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`[0009]
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`101 A method and apparatus for adaptive beam steering are disclosed.
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`102 In one embodiment, the method comprises performing adaptive beam steering using multiple
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`transmit and receive antennas, including iteratively performing a training sequence pair, the
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`training sequence pair including estimating a transmitter antenna array weight vector and a
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`receiver antenna array weight vector.
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`[001 0]
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`109 Brief Description of Drawings
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`[0011]
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`113 The present invention wm be understood more fully from the detailed description given below
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`and from the accompanying drawings of various embodiments of the invention, which,
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`however, should not be taken to limit the invention to specific embodiments, but only for
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`explanation and understanding.
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`[0012]
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`120 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a communication system.
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`[0013]
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`124 2 is a block diagram of one embodiment of an integrated device.
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`[0014]
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`12a 3A and 3B illustrate various stages of beam search.
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`[0015]
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`132 4 illustrates one embodiment of a beam steering state machine.
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`[0016]
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`136 5 illustrates the layers of one embodiment of a beam search process.
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`[0017]
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`FIG. 5.
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`140 6 illustrates a partial beamforming that has occurred as a result of the beam search process of
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`[0018]
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`and, respectively, at a destination I receiver.
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`145 7 illustrates one embodiment of a beam search and tracking pattern at a source I transmitter
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`[0019]
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`150 8 is an example of a Hadamard matrix.
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`[0020]
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`154 9 is a flow diagram of one embodiment of a beam tracking process.
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`[0021]
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`1sa 10 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a beam search process.
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`[0022]
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`1e2 11 illustrates the concept of a clustered distribution channel.
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`[0023]
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`166 Detailed description of the present invention
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`[0024]
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`110 An efficient and adaptive technique for performing beamforming for time varying propagation
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`channels with reduced and potentially minimal complexity and increased, potentially maximum
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`gain.
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`113 In contrast to existing solutions, beamforming is done without directly performing singular
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`decomposition {SVD), which is very difficult to implement.
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`11s Instead, the optimal channel eigenvector or subspace is achieved through an adaptive iterative
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`scheme.
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`[0025]
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`180 The second effect of beamforming is that the resulting beamforming channel typically has a
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`shorter delay spread, meaning that the IS! window will also be shorter.
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`[0026]
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`1a5 In the following description, many details are set forth in order to provide a more complete
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`explanation of the present invention.
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`181 However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be
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`practiced without these specific details.
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`189 In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order
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`to avoid obscuring the present invention.
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`[0027]
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`194 Some parts of the detailed description that will follow are presented in terms of algorithms and
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`symbolic representations of operations on data bits within a computer memory or an
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`equivalent electronic computing device.
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`191 These algorithmic descriptions and representations are the means used by those skilled in the
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`art of data processing to most effectively convey the essence of their work to others in the art.
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`199 The algorithm is found in this document and is generally conceived of as a self-consistent
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`sequence of steps leading to the desired result
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`201 Stages are those stages that require physical control of physical quantities.
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`202 Typically, although not necessary, these quantities take the form of electrical or magnetic
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`signals that can be stored, moved, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated.
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`204 It has proven convenient at times, principally for common use reasons, to refer to these signals
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`as bits, values, elements, symbols, letters, terms, numbers, or the like.
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`

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`[0028]
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`209 However, it should be appreciated that ail of these and similar terms should be associated with
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`the corresponding physical quantities and are only convenient designations used for these
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`quantities.
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`212 Unless specifically stated otherwise, it is evident from the subsequent discussion, it is
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`appreciated that throughout the specification, consideration using terms such as "processing"
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`or "combining" or "calculating" or "determining" or "displaying" or the like, refers to the
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`operation and processes of a computing system, or a similar electronic computing device that
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`controls and converts data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the registers
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`of the computing system and storage devices into other data similarly represented as physical
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`quantities within the storage computing system devices or registers or other similar information
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`storage, transmission or display devices.
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`[0029]
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`223 The present invention also relates to a device for performing the operations herein.
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`224 This device may be specially designed for the required purpose using digital components, or it
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`may comprise a general purpose computer selectively activated or reconfigurable by a
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`computer program stored in the computer.
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`221 Such a computer program may be stored in a computer-readable storage device, for example,
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`but not limited to, any type of disc including floppy disks, optical disks, compact disks (CD­
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`ROMs), and magneto-optical disks, read-only memory (ROM, ROM), random access memory
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`(RAM, RAM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable and
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`programmable ROM (EEPROM), magnetic or optical cards, or any type of medium suitable for
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`storing electronic instructions, or each connected to a computer system bus.
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`[0030]
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`236 The algorithms and display devices presented in this document are not inherently associated
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`with any particular computer or other device.
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`23a Various general purpose systems may be used with programs as taught herein, or may be
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`convenient to create a more specialized apparatus for performing the required method steps.
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`240 The required structure for many of these systems will appear from the description below.
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`241 Moreover, the present invention is not described with reference to any particular programming
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`language.
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`243 !twill be appreciated that a variety of programming or digital design languages can be used to
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`implement the ideas of the invention as described herein.
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`[0031]
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`24-11-2020 6
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`Apple EX1016 Page 808
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`

`

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`24a Computer-readable media includes any device for storing or transmitting information in a
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`computer-readable form (eg, a computer).
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`250 For example, computer-readable media includes read-only memory ("ROM"), random access
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`memory ("RAM"), magnetic disk storage; optical storage device; flash memory devices;
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`electrical, optical, acoustic or other form of propagated signals (for example, carrier waves,
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`infrared signals, digital signals, etc.); etc.
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`[0032]
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`251 Communication system example
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`[0033]
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`251 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a communication system.
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`262 Referring to FIG. 1, the system includes a media receiver 100, a media receiver interface 102,
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`a transmitter 140, a receiver 141, a media player interface 113, a media player 114, and a
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`display 115.
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`[0034]
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`268 The media receiver 100 receives content from a source (not shown).
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`269 In one embodiment, the media receiver 100 comprises an upper group box.
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`210 The content may include baseband digital video such as but not limited to content
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`concatenation in the HDMI or DVI standards. In such a case, the media receiver 100 may
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`include a transmitter (eg, an HDMI transmitter) for routing received content
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`[0035]
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`216 The media receiver 100 sends content 101 to the transmitter 140 via the media receiver
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`interface 102.
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`218 In one embodiment, the media receiver interface 102 includes logic that converts content 101
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`to HDMI content.
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`280 In such a case, the interface 102 of the media receiver may contain an HDMI connection and
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`the content 101 is sent via a wired connection; however, transmission can occur over a
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`wireless connection.
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`283 In another embodiment, content 101 comprises DVI content.
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`[0036]
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`281 In one embodiment, the transfer of content 101 between the interface 102 of the media receiver
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`and the transmitter 140 occurs over a wired connection; however, transmission can occur over
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`a wireless connection.
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`24-11-20207
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`IPR2022-00468
`