1111111111111111 IIIIII IIIII 11111 1111111111 11111 lllll 111111111111111 111111111111111 11111111
`US 20030014181Al
`
`(19) United States
`(12) Patent Application Publication
`Myr
`
`(10) Pub. No.: US 2003/0014181 Al
`Jan. 16, 2003
`(43) Pub. Date:
`
`(54)
`
`TRAFFIC INFORMATION GATHERING VIA
`CELLULAR PHONE NETWORKS FOR
`INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION
`SYSTEMS
`
`(76)
`
`Inventor: David Myr, Jerusalem (IL)
`
`Correspondence Address:
`RATNER AND PRESTIA
`Suite 301
`One Westlakes, Berwyn
`P.O. Box 980
`Valley Forge, PA 19482-0980 (US)
`
`(21)
`
`Appl. No.:
`
`09/901,923
`
`(22)
`
`Filed:
`
`Jul. 10, 2001
`
`Publication Classification
`
`(51)
`
`Int. CI.7 ....................................................... G08G 1/00
`
`(52)
`
`U.S. Cl.
`
`............................................ 701/117; 340/934
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`Location information obtained and continuously updated
`from vehicular-based cellular phones is collected, processed
`and used as a basis for input to Intelligent Transportation
`Systems, in particular to Real Time Urban Traffic Guidance
`for Vehicular Congestion and Intelligent Traffic Control
`Systems. Location information that forms the basis of the
`present invention is obtainable from wireless location sys(cid:173)
`tems such as GSM in Europe, CDMA in the USA, or PDC
`in Japan, and depends on supporting technologies, which are
`in the process of perpetual improvement. Relying on cellular
`networks location system capabilities to provide moderately
`reliable position information, the records of vehicle phones
`coordinates, timing, etc., are collected, updated and stored in
`the Traffic Service Center database. Those records together
`with digital maps are fed into mathematical models and
`algorithms that construct lists of vehicles traveling on vari(cid:173)
`ous road sections, traffic loads at particular road sections,
`real time travel times along all road sections resulting from
`traffic congestion in particular areas, turning loads for signal
`intersections, and other key parameters necessary for real
`time functioning of Intelligent Transportation Systems, in
`particular of Intelligent Traffic Control Systems, Route
`Guidance Systems, etc.
`
`Traffic Information Gathering System via
`Cellular Networks for Automated Traffic Signal Control
`
`Location System
`Position Data
`
`)
`
`1
`(
`
`Location System
`Position Data
`
`0 00 O
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`000
`
`l
`/00
`
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`
`<o
`I I ll~ r--O-b_,.ta"'-in--2-
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`j
`i~ j cell-
`~ % Phone
`
`fceii=7 ..J f
`~ q_O
`
`x,y&tdata
`create CPLists
`
`I Cell- I
`
`Phone
`
`0000
`0000
`0000
`0000
`0000
`
`j
`j
`
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`0000
`0000
`0000
`0000
`
`3
`create PPP lists
`Phone Path Profile
`
`0000
`000
`0000
`0000
`0000
`
`Reject
`
`Eliminate
`Outliers
`
`Make
`Missing Data
`Imputations
`
`Pending Lists
`PPL
`
`Create
`Road Section
`List RSL
`
`Create
`Travel Path
`Profile TPP
`
`Place
`V .Clusters on
`Road Sections
`
`Prepare
`Vehicular
`Clusters
`
`able
`
`Prepare
`Traffic Loads
`for all RSs
`
`Real Time
`Vehicle Data
`on RSs
`
`Update
`Traffic
`Control
`
`15
`
`Exhibit 1006
`IPR2022-00426
`Page 1 of 35
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jan. 16, 2003 Sheet 1 of 20
`
`US 2003/0014181 Al
`
`Fig. 1
`Traffic Information Gathering System via
`Cellular Networks for Automated Traffic Signal Control
`
`Location System
`Position Data
`
`)
`
`1
`(
`
`Location System
`Position Data
`
`0000
`0000
`0000
`0000
`0000
`
`/
`foO
`
`000 0
`000 0
`000 0
`0000
`0000
`
`3
`create PPP lists
`Phone Path Profile
`
`Reject
`
`Eliminate
`Outliers
`
`Make
`Missing Data
`Imputations
`
`6 Make & Store 7
`Pending Lists 1----...,
`PPL
`
`11
`
`2
`
`Create
`Road Section
`List RSL
`
`Update
`tatistical Dat
`able
`
`Create
`Travel Path
`Profile TPP
`
`Prepare
`Traffic Loads
`for all RSs
`
`10
`
`13
`
`9
`
`Place
`V.Clusters on
`Road Sections
`
`Prepare
`Vehicular
`Clusters
`
`14
`
`Real Time
`Vehicle Data
`on RSs
`
`Update
`Traffic
`Control
`
`8
`
`15
`
`Exhibit 1006
`IPR2022-00426
`Page 2 of 35
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jan. 16, 2003 Sheet 2 of 20
`
`US 2003/0014181 Al
`
`Fig. 2
`
`Creating Current Cell Phone List
`
`PPL4
`T4=T3-2min
`
`PPL3
`T3=T2-2min
`
`PPL2
`T2=Tl-2min
`
`PPLl
`Tl=T-2min
`
`CPL
`T
`
`~ ~
`~ CPl
`~
`
`CPl
`
`CP2
`
`ID X,)
`
`ID X,)
`
`t
`
`t
`
`CPl
`
`ID x,y
`
`t
`
`CPl
`
`CP2
`
`CP3
`
`CP4
`
`ID X,)
`ID X,)
`ID x,y
`ID x,y
`
`t
`
`t
`
`t
`
`t
`
`CP2
`
`CP3
`
`CP4
`
`CPS
`
`ID X,)
`
`X,\
`
`ID
`ID X,)
`
`ID X,)
`
`t
`
`t
`
`t
`
`t
`
`ID x,)
`-
`-
`ID X,)
`
`t
`-
`t
`
`CPl
`
`CP2
`
`t
`
`t
`
`CP2
`
`CP3
`
`ID X,)
`
`ID x,y
`
`t
`
`t
`
`CP3
`
`ID X,)
`
`t
`
`CPS
`
`ID x,y
`
`t
`
`CP6
`
`CP7
`
`~
`ID X,)
`ID X,)
`
`CP4
`
`CPS
`
`CP3
`
`CP4
`
`CPS
`
`ID X,)
`
`ID X,)
`
`ID X,)
`
`t
`
`t
`
`t
`
`ID x,y
`
`ID X,)
`
`CPS
`
`CP9
`
`ID X,)
`
`ID x,y
`
`CPlO
`
`ID x,y
`
`CPS
`
`CP9
`
`ID x,y
`
`ID x,)
`
`CP10
`
`ID X,)
`
`t
`
`t
`
`t
`
`t
`
`t
`
`t
`
`t
`
`t
`
`CPS
`
`ID X,)
`
`t
`
`CP9
`
`ID X,)
`
`CPlO
`
`ID x,,
`
`t
`
`t
`
`CPS
`
`CP9
`
`CP10
`
`t
`
`t
`
`t
`
`CPS
`
`CP9
`
`ID X,)
`
`ID X,)
`
`CPlO
`
`ID X,)
`
`t
`
`t
`
`t
`
`ICPn
`
`I IDI x,j t I
`
`ID X,)
`ID X,)
`ID X,)
`jcPnl I ID' x,j t I
`ICPn2 I IOI x,j t I
`
`Exhibit 1006
`IPR2022-00426
`Page 3 of 35
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jan. 16, 2003 Sheet 3 of 20
`
`US 2003/0014181 Al
`
`Fig. 3 Creating Cell Phone Path Profile List
`
`PPP Table:
`
`Time Interval
`T Tl T2 T3 T4 SCORE
`
`0
`
`0
`
`p
`
`P1 P2 P3 P4
`0 0 0 0 0
`
`0 0 0 0 0
`
`0 0
`
`0 0
`
`0 0
`
`0 0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0 0 0
`
`0 0
`
`0 0 0 0
`
`0 0 0
`
`-1
`
`-1
`
`-1
`
`-4
`
`-2
`
`-1
`
`-2
`
`CPl
`
`CP2
`
`CP3
`
`CP4
`
`CPS
`
`CP6
`
`CP7
`
`CPS
`
`CP9
`
`(/)
`QJ
`C:
`0
`..c:
`a.
`Q) u
`> ..,
`u
`<(
`
`Q)
`
`CP10
`
`0 0 0
`
`0
`
`-1
`
`TS
`
`PEP
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`PEPL Table:
`
`Time Interval
`T Tl T2 T3 T4 TS SCORE
`
`CP1
`
`CP2
`
`CP3
`
`(/)
`QJ
`C: CP4
`0
`..c: a. CPS
`QJ CP6
`u
`Q) CP7
`>
`+.J u CPB
`<(
`CP9
`
`p
`
`Pl P2 P3 P4 PS
`0 0 0 0 0 0
`
`0 0 0 0 0 0
`
`0 0
`
`0 0
`
`0 0 0
`
`0 0 0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0 0 0
`
`0 0
`
`0 0 0 0 0
`
`0 0 0 0 0
`
`CPl0
`
`0 0 0
`
`0 0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`-
`-
`
`Exhibit 1006
`IPR2022-00426
`Page 4 of 35
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jan.16,2003 Sheet 4 of 20
`
`US 2003/0014181 Al
`
`Fig. 4
`Initial Discrimination Between Phones In Vehicles
`And Other Phones
`
`Vehicle Positions
`
`Speeds
`
`p1
`
`LR
`
`LR
`LR
`
`LR
`
`SR
`
`p2
`
`LR
`
`LR
`
`LR
`
`LR
`LR
`
`SR
`SR
`
`p3
`
`LR
`
`LR
`LR
`
`LR
`LR
`
`SR
`SR
`
`p4
`
`LR
`LR
`LR
`
`LR
`
`SR
`
`1
`2
`3
`4
`5
`6
`7
`8
`9
`10
`11
`12
`13
`14
`
`v2
`
`v3
`
`v4
`
`>
`>
`
`>
`
`>
`>
`
`>
`>
`
`>
`>
`
`>
`
`Exhibit 1006
`IPR2022-00426
`Page 5 of 35
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jan. 16, 2003 Sheet 5 of 20
`
`US 2003/0014181 Al
`
`Fig. 5 Eliminating Untenable Cell Phone Records
`(Outliers)
`
`CPL
`List:
`
`PPL
`List:
`
`p
`
`RS
`
`SCORE
`
`SCORE
`
`
`
`- 0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`✓
`
`✓
`
`.J
`
`✓
`
`RSl
`
`OPl -1
`
`Tl
`
`T2
`
`T3
`
`T4
`
`TS
`
`@]
`
`@]
`
`RSS
`
`~
`RS6
`~
`RS7
`@]
`
`RSS
`
`CPL
`List:
`
`PPL
`List:
`
`t:,.T
`
`p
`
`RS
`
`SCORE
`
`SCORE
`
`Tl
`
`T2
`
`T3
`
`T4
`
`TS
`
`~
`RS4
`~
`RSS
`@]
`I P41
`@]
`
`RS6
`
`RS7
`
`~SH
`
`✓
`
`../
`
`✓
`
`✓
`
`OPl -1
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`-
`
`Exhibit 1006
`IPR2022-00426
`Page 6 of 35
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jan. 16, 2003 Sheet 6 of 20
`
`US 2003/0014181 Al
`
`Fig. 6 Missing Data Imputations and Eliminations
`
`CPL
`List:
`RS scm
`
`p
`
`PPL
`List:
`
`Impute
`List:
`
`./
`
`./
`
`0
`
`0
`
`Tl
`
`@]
`
`RS4
`
`T2
`
`T3
`
`T4
`
`TS
`
`@]
`
`RSS
`
`@]
`
`RS1
`
`OP1
`-1
`
`[B
`
`RS7
`
`RSS
`~
`
`./
`
`./
`
`0
`
`0
`0
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`
`0
`
`D.
`
`CPL
`List:
`
`PPL Reject
`List:
`List:
`
`6,T
`
`p
`
`RS SCOR
`
`Tl
`
`@]
`
`RS4
`
`SCORE
`0
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`
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`
`~
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`
`./
`
`0
`
`T2
`
`T3
`
`T4
`
`TS
`
`Exhibit 1006
`IPR2022-00426
`Page 7 of 35
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jan. 16, 2003 Sheet 7 of 20
`
`US 2003/0014181 Al
`
`Fig. 7 Creating and Storing Pending Phone List
`
`PPP Table:
`
`PEPL Table:
`
`Time Interval
`T4
`T2 T3
`T
`T1
`
`SCORE
`
`TS
`
`TS
`
`SCORE T6
`
`CPl
`
`CP2
`
`CP3
`
`CP4
`
`CPS
`
`CP6
`
`CP7
`
`CPS
`
`CP9
`
`U)
`QJ
`C
`0 .c
`a..
`QJ u
`> ..,
`u
`<(
`
`QJ
`
`x, y
`
`xl, yl x2,y2 x3, y3 x4,y4
`
`x,y
`
`xl, yl x2,y2 x3, y3 x4,y4
`
`0
`
`0
`
`x, y
`
`xl, yl
`
`x3, y3 x4, y4
`
`-1
`
`x, y
`
`xl, yl x2,y2
`
`x4, y4
`
`-1
`
`x, y
`
`xl, yl x2,y2 x3,y3
`
`x,y
`
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`
`x3, y3 x4, y4
`
`xl, yl x2,y2 x3, y3 x4, y4
`
`xl, yl x2,y2 x3,y3
`
`-1
`
`-4
`
`-2
`
`-1
`
`-2
`
`Impute:
`
`0
`
`0
`
`x2, y2
`
`x3, y3
`
`x4, y4
`
`-
`-
`
`x, y
`
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`
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`
`x, y
`
`x2, y2 x3,y3 x4, y4
`
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`
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`
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`
`xS,yS
`
`xS,yS
`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
`0
`
`I xS,yS I 01
`
`Exhibit 1006
`IPR2022-00426
`Page 8 of 35
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jan. 16, 2003 Sheet 8 of 20
`
`US 2003/0014181 Al
`
`Fig. 8
`Type A Error: Two Vehicles Are Clustered Together
`Case 1: Large Measurement Error
`
`dO
`
`B'
`
`B
`
`A - Position of first phone
`B - True Position of Second Phone
`B' - Erroneously Measured Position of
`Second Phone
`
`Exhibit 1006
`IPR2022-00426
`Page 9 of 35
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jan. 16, 2003 Sheet 9 of 20
`
`US 2003/0014181 Al
`
`Fig. 9
`Type A Error: Two Vehicles Are Clustered Together
`Case 2: They Travel Closely Together
`
`A - Position of first phone
`B - Position of Second Phone Is Too Close
`to First Phone
`
`Exhibit 1006
`IPR2022-00426
`Page 10 of 35
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jan. 16, 2003 Sheet 10 of 20 US 2003/0014181 Al
`
`Fig. 10
`Type B Error: Two Phones in One Vehicle Are Clustered
`Into Different Clusters Due To Large Measurement Error
`
`dO
`
`A - Position of first phone
`B - True Position of Second Phone
`B' - Erroneously Measured Position of
`Second Phone
`
`Exhibit 1006
`IPR2022-00426
`Page 11 of 35
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jan. 16, 2003 Sheet 11 of 20 US 2003/0014181 Al
`
`Fig .11 Criteria for Placing Cell Phones in Vehicular Clusters
`
`15
`
`,.....,
`-S10
`A. a) u
`C
`ro
`.µ
`(/)
`i:S 5
`
`15
`
`-510
`B. u
`C:
`re
`.µ
`(/) 05
`
`a)
`
`Time (min.)
`
`Distance
`Table for CP1&CP2:
`
`SCOR!
`
`d
`d1 4.9m 0
`d2 6.6m 0
`(;f
`d3 5.3m
`d4 7.8m 0
`d5 8.0m 0
`CPl
`AUl
`(;f
`CP2
`
`Table for CP1&CP2:
`
`d
`
`SCOR!
`
`Tl
`
`T2
`
`T3
`
`T4
`
`TS
`
`Time (min.)
`
`(;f
`
`d1 4.9m
`d2 6.6m
`d3 5.3m
`d4 7.Bm
`(;f
`d5 12.0r. t -1
`(;f
`d6 9.0m
`CPl
`AUl
`CP2
`
`(;f
`
`(;f
`
`(;f
`
`15
`
`,.....,
`
`-S10
`a)
`C. u
`C:
`cu
`.µ
`t/l
`0 5
`
`Tl
`
`T2
`
`T3
`
`T4
`
`TS
`
`T6
`
`Time (min.)
`
`Table for CP1&CP2:
`
`I
`cA6
`I
`I
`
`Tl
`
`T2
`
`T3
`
`T4
`
`TS
`
`T6
`
`(;f
`
`SCOR!
`
`d
`dt 4.9'111
`d2 6.6m 0
`(;f
`d3 5.3m
`d4 7.Bm 0
`d5 12.0n t -1
`d6 13.0n t -1
`-
`
`Exhibit 1006
`IPR2022-00426
`Page 12 of 35
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jan. 16, 2003 Sheet 12 of 20 US 2003/0014181 Al
`
`Fig.12 Grouping Cell Phones in Vehicular Clusters
`
`Cluster A at Tl
`[CP1,CP2,CP3,CP7,CP8,CP12 .... ]
`
`Tl
`
`CP2
`CPl
`CP3
`CP7
`CPS
`CP12
`
`T2
`
`CPl
`CP2
`CP3
`CPS
`
`T3
`
`CP1
`CP3
`CPS
`
`T4
`
`CP1
`CP3
`CPS
`
`TS
`
`CP1
`CP3
`c~s
`
`CP1
`CP3
`CPS
`
`CP7
`
`...
`
`Cluster A at T2
`[CP1,CP2,CP3,CP8]
`/ ~....
`CP3 __
`..... '
`..,....,..___
`\. CP2
`~----1---
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`/ r..,... ---
`-,--.C~~-
`♦ ~-_t4 . .2frl
`_\ I 1
`.,,_ - -
`CPl2
`
`/
`CPS / ..,.......-
`
`-
`
`_,J,._CP7
`_-,,---
`
`'
`
`Cluster A at T3
`[CP1,CP3,CP8 .... ]
`.,..---... CP3
`......
`/ &-~..,.......-
`,/
`I
`\
`I
`\
`Coo
`....-
`SI
`\
`11u..,.......-
`:1
`I
`I
`',?+;_,./
`
`♦,
`CP12
`
`\
`\
`
`'
`
`I
`I
`I~
`,:
`I~
`
`4CP7
`
`Cluster A at TS
`AU1=[CP1,CP3,CP8 .... ]
`
`t'
`
`I
`,
`
`/
`
`, >
`,
`'-~
`',
`,___ CPl
`
`Cluster A at T4
`4
`[CP1,CP3,CP8 .... ]
`---...,CP3 CP2
`cps,,, .... ----r--,
`1f - -a.w,ri,
`\
`I \
`\
`I
`\
`\
`I
`\-a
`\i
`I
`j
`\
`/
`\ I
`/
`, .... ~-1 ,,,,,--"
`CP
`
`Exhibit 1006
`IPR2022-00426
`Page 13 of 35
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jan. 16, 2003 Sheet 13 of 20 US 2003/0014181 Al
`
`Fig.13 Placing Vehicles on Road Sections
`
`PVL Table:
`Time Interval
`T
`Tl T2 T3 T4 SCORE
`
`CVL Table:
`
`TS SCORE
`
`-
`
`-
`
`AUl
`
`AU2
`AU3
`AU4
`AUS
`AU23
`AU43
`AU12
`AU13
`AU42
`AU27
`AU51
`
`fx,yjt
`x,y t
`RS 1
`(x,y)t
`
`RC: 1
`(x,y)t
`
`RS 1
`(x,y)t
`
`RS 11
`(x,y)t
`RS 11
`(x,y)t
`RS 5
`-
`(x,y)t
`RS 5
`-
`(x,y)t
`RS 69
`(x,y)t
`RS 69
`(x,y)t
`RS 69
`
`QJ
`u
`.c
`QJ >
`
`-
`
`-
`
`fx3,y3jt
`fxl,yljt
`fx4,y4jt
`fx2,y2jt
`xl,yl t
`x3,y3 t
`x2,y2 t
`x4,y4 t
`RS 1
`RS 6
`RS 8
`RS 6
`(xl,yl)t (x2,y2)t (x3,y3)t (X4,y4)t
`RC: 1
`RS 8
`RS6
`(xl,yl)t (x2,y2)t (x3,y3)t (x4,y4)t
`RS 10 RS8
`RS 9
`RS 1
`(xl,yl)t (x2,y2)t (x3,y3)t (x4,y4)t
`RS 15
`RS 11 RS7
`(x3,y3)t
`(xl,yl)t
`RS 16
`RS 16
`(xl,yl)t (x2,y2)t (x3,y3)t (x4,y4)t
`RS 5
`RS 9
`RS 10
`RS 8
`(xl,yl)t (x2,y2)t (x3,y3)t
`-
`RS 1
`RS 9
`RS 10
`(xl,yl)t (x2,y2)t (x3,y3)t {x4,y4)t
`RS 19
`RS 10
`RS 8
`RS 25
`(x2,y2)t (x3,y3)t (x4,y4)t
`-
`RS 9
`RS 10
`RS 8
`(x1,y1)t (x2,yZJt lX.;1,y.;1Jt {X4,Y4Jt
`RS 69 RS 68
`RS 68
`RS 68
`(xl,yl)t (x2,y2)t (x3,y3)t {x4,y4)t
`RS 69 RS 69
`RS 69 RS 68
`(xl,yl)t (x2,y2)t (x3,y3)t (x4,y4)t
`-
`RS 69 RS 69
`RS 69
`
`AU37
`AU38
`AU39
`
`-
`(x,y)t
`RS 16
`
`-
`
`(xl,yl)t (x2,y2)t (x3,y3)t (x4,y4)t
`RS 15
`RS 11 RS7
`RS 16
`(x3,y3)t (x4,y4)t
`(xl,yl)t
`-
`-
`RS 16
`RS 16
`(xl,yl)t (x2,y2)t (x3,y3)t (x4,y4)t
`RS 8
`RS 7
`RS 10
`RS 11
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`0
`
`-1
`
`-1
`
`-2
`
`-2
`
`-2
`
`-1
`
`-1
`
`-2
`
`-1
`
`fx5,y5jt
`x5,y5 t
`RS8
`(x5,y5)t
`RS 8
`(x5,y5)t
`RS 8
`(x5,y5)t
`RS 15
`
`-
`
`(x5,y5)t
`RS 8
`-
`(x5,y5)t
`RS 8
`(x5,y5)t
`RS8
`{xS,yS)t
`RS 68
`(x5,y5)t
`RS 68
`(xS,yS)t
`RS 69
`
`-3
`
`-2
`
`-2
`
`(X5,yS)t
`RS 15
`(xS,yS)t
`-
`(XS,y5)t
`RS 8
`
`-3
`
`0
`
`0
`&
`e
`
`e
`
`G
`
`0
`e
`e
`
`0
`
`G
`
`Exhibit 1006
`IPR2022-00426
`Page 14 of 35
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jan. 16, 2003 Sheet 14 of 20 US 2003/0014181 Al
`
`Fig. 14 Method for Updating Entry and Exit Vehicle Lists
`
`Arriving Vehicle
`
`~~ ~
`s
`
`Exit List
`
`0
`0
`0
`
`Vn
`
`J
`
`0
`0
`0 Entry List
`0
`0
`0
`0
`n
`
`Vm
`
`, .... 1/
`
`Exhibit 1006
`IPR2022-00426
`Page 15 of 35
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jan. 16, 2003 Sheet 15 of 20 US 2003/0014181 Al
`
`Fig.15 Regression-Based Prediction of Current Travel Times
`
`Travel ------------- 6 t2---------
`Tl·mes --- L tl -------f
`---, 6 t3
`---
`-----
`
`Lt
`
`------
`
`tl
`
`I
`I
`I
`I
`
`I
`I
`I
`I
`
`t2
`
`t3
`
`t Entry Times
`
`Exhibit 1006
`IPR2022-00426
`Page 16 of 35
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jan. 16, 2003 Sheet 16 of 20 US 2003/0014181 Al
`
`Fig. 16 Statistical Table Based on Real Time
`Traffic Information
`
`-
`
`~ SUN.
`
`8Vh/10mln
`
`6 Vh/lOmln
`
`10 Vh/lOmln 17 Vh/10mln 7 Vh/lOmln 5 Vh/lOmln
`
`____..........
`
`_
`
`Vehicle Load/
`Road Section
`
`Time Zones
`'S
`0 \tl
`,_. K=>r, ~ K.:ln ,_,,,,, ~n -
`1e,n -
`1<.::,n . -
`~O~ __..
`,_.- K52 ~ ._.- K::,L
`K::>2 ____..........RS2 ____..........
`__..,..- ~1 .......--1(s1 ~S l .....,....-r&1 ~51
`~ ~
`00.01-06.01 06.01-10.0C 10.01-15.0C 15.01-19.0C 19.01-24.0C ~ /
`__,,,,,, ~
`.......-----
`>
`6 Vh/lOmm 15 Vh/lOmln 10 Vh/lOmin 18 Vh/lOmln s Vh/lOmin ~ .......----- __,,,,,, ]
`~ MON.
`l7Vh/10mln 10Vh/10mln 22Vh/10mln 7Vh/10mln ~ [._....---' !:Q.
`_. L..----
`~ ~
`>-
`"C TUES,
`~ WEDN, 6 Vh/lOmln
`10 Vh/lDmln 10 Vh/lOmln 10 Vh/lOmln ~ Vh/lDmln') t:::--:::: c:::::----- [.....-,--' :1:
`-
`____.......... V
`~
`::s THUR.
`8Vh/10mln 17Vh/10mln 10Vh/10mln 10Vh/10mln 5Vh/10mln ~v~
`3: FRI.
`s Vh/lOmln ~ ~
`
`10 Vh/lOmln 22 Vh/lOmln 10 Vh/10mln 7 Vh/10mln
`
`6Vh/10mln 6Vh/!Omln BVh/lOmln 8Vh/10m1n
`
`17 Vh/lOmln 10 Vh/10mln 00.01-06.0C 06.01-10.01 10,01-15.0(
`
`5Vh/10min ~v / ~
`: SAT.
`_ .. .J---·---1 _,, ~
`g!_ SUN.
`~ ,....
`____..........
`~
`-- L..----.......-----1
`---- ,:;I(/);=!
`MON,
`lOVh/lOmln ~ L---'""""
`lOVh/lOmln 17Vh/10mln 6Vh/10mln
`lSVh/lOmln
`-
`:a TUES•
`>,.l-----¼----½------+----1-----l----V-
`~
`17 Vh/10mJn 10 Vh/10mln 8 Vh/lOmln 17 Vh/lOmln 10 Vh/lOm,n
`______,,,,,, .......----- /
`~ WEDN • 10 Vh/10mln 17 Vh/lOmln 6 Vh/lOmln
`10 Vh/lOmln 17 Vh/lOmln ------ .......----- __,,,,,, ~
`
`i :~R. :~::::n 1:o::::n ::::::: 1:o::::n :::::::: ::::/::r 3:
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.5
`
`0.2
`
`0. 7
`
`______,,,,,, .......----- :.,_...--- ';.
`
`"C
`
`0 ·8
`
`o.s
`
`0.9
`
`0.5
`
`( o.~
`
`C 5
`
`□ 2
`
`0.7
`
`0.2
`
`0.8
`
`0.3
`
`6Vh/10mln
`
`lOVh/lOmln lOVh/lOmln 22Vh/l□mln lOVh/lOmln ~ / __,,,,,, ~
`
`3: I SAT.
`~ SUN.
`';.t-_M_o_N_. -+--0._5_1--_o._2 __ ~ 0~·~5~~0_._2~_0_.s_..v __..1--::__,,,,,, ~ Vehicle Speed
`v, Coefficient/
`____..........
`1....--"'""
`.a TUES.
`o. 5
`0-8 ~ 0-5
`......---::::---+L,o"..,,,..."""'"..,,---=R,..o-a""'d,..,S=-e-ct.....,...ion
`~ we□N.
`o.8 ~~v v ~
`o.a
`o.5
`1.a
`g THUR.
`0.8 ~ L----" K ~
`o. 7
`1.8
`0.5
`0.5
`~1--FR-I-.--flf--:o~.2::a--+-~o~.2,--+--o.-s-1--0-.-9--+-o-.5-+-'~V~
`zl::::;===ll====t=====l====t====l====f"~ ~
`0.2 ~ V ~
`: SAT.
`0.2
`0.5
`0.7
`0.5
`~F=su==-N=.==t1F=o=.2==t==o=. 7==t==o=.B==il=o=.=2 =+=o=.2=:f,:?°___..- L..----V
`';.
`~ MON.
`0.2
`0.5
`0.7
`0.5
`0.2
`------~__,,,,,,}
`] 1--TU_E_s_. -+1--0_.s_-+-_o_. 8-+--o ._2___,1--0_._s -4_0_.a_~______,,,,,, L-----' _,/ ~
`~ WEDN.
`0.5 ~ ~L,...---'° ~
`0.8
`0.5
`0.3
`0.8
`___..-V'K 3
`~ THUR.
`o.8
`o.5
`0.2 ~ ~L-J
`3: FRI.
`0.5
`;@ l SAT.
`o.s
`'-------Vehicle Speed Coefficient
`
`Exhibit 1006
`IPR2022-00426
`Page 17 of 35
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jan. 16, 2003 Sheet 17 of 20 US 2003/0014181 Al
`
`Fig. 17 Seasonal Statistical Traffic Data Table
`for All Road Sections
`
`\'O'S
`0
`~oa _,.,..,,-
`__.,,.,,
`
`.--
`_- 1<~n
`""" Rsn ~ "RSn ~ K::>n ~ =n .-- ~n __,,
`_,.,..,,-"RS2 ........- "RS2 ~2 ~ K!:i2
`..........--RS2 _,.,..,,-RS2 ~
`
`06.01-10.0(
`
`~
`10.01-15.00
`ra ::,
`C:
`ra
`""'
`
`15.01-19.00
`
`9.01-24.00
`
`SAT.
`
`0.7
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.5
`
`0.2
`
`0.5
`
`SUN.
`
`MON.
`
`TUES. WEDN.
`
`THUR.
`
`FRI.
`
`0.5
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`1.8
`
`0.5
`
`0.5
`
`0.5
`
`0.5
`
`0.5
`
`0.9
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.8
`
`0.5
`
`0.7
`
`0.5
`
`0.7
`
`0.5
`
`0.7
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.5
`
`0.2
`
`0.5
`
`0.2
`
`06.01-10,0C
`~
`ra
`'0.01-15.00
`::, ,_
`..c
`QJ
`LL
`
`'5.01-19.00
`
`0.5
`
`0.8
`9.01-24.00
`06.01-10.0( OJ
`
`.c u ,_
`ra
`::E
`
`10.01-15.00
`
`15.01-19.00
`
`9.01-24.00
`
`06.01-10.0C
`
`10.01-15,00
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.5
`
`0.5
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.5
`0.7
`
`1.8
`
`1.8
`
`0.5
`
`0.5
`
`0.5
`
`0.5
`
`0.5
`
`0.8
`
`0.5
`
`0.5
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.5
`
`0.8
`
`0.5
`
`0.9
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.9
`
`0.8
`0.5
`~
`0.8
`u.,
`0.8
`0.2
`
`0.5
`
`0.7
`
`0.5
`
`0.5
`
`0.5
`
`0.2
`
`0.5
`
`0.5
`
`0.2
`
`~1 ~51 ~51 ~S1 ~ l ~S1 v~
`__./ V
`__.,,.,,.
`0.5 _..,,,,..-vv
`0.2 ~ v v
`0.2 _..,,,,..-v/
`~~v
`0.2 ~ ~v
`0.2 ~~ / " '
`0.8 ~,,,,.,-/
`0.5 ~vv--
`0.5 ~ v v
`0.2 ~ V L---"
`~vv
`0.2
`0.2 ~VL---"
`0.2 ~VL---"
`0.2 ~v/"'
`0.2 ~vv
`0.2 ~~ / " '
`0.2 ~ ~ __.,,.,,.
`0.2 ~ l..---,//"'
`0.2 ~vv
`0.2 ~VL---"
`0.2 ___.,,-vv
`0.2 __,,,,.,.-vv
`~vv
`~v~
`0.8 ~ v v
`__,,,,.,.-v~
`0.7 ~ / /
`0.5 ~
`~
`
`·;::
`a.
`<(
`
`15.01-19.00
`
`19.01-24.00
`
`06.01-10.0C
`
`>-
`Ill
`::E
`
`QJ
`C:
`::,
`""'
`
`10.01-15.00
`
`115.01-19.00
`
`19.01-24.00
`
`06.01-10.0(
`
`10.01-15.00
`
`15.01-19.00
`
`19.01-24.00
`
`06.01-10.0(
`
`10.01-15.00
`
`~
`15.01-19.00
`::,
`""'
`
`19.01-24.00
`
`0.5
`
`1T.7
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.5
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.9
`0.2
`
`0.9
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.5
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.9
`
`0.7
`
`0.5
`
`0.5
`0.5
`
`0.5
`
`0.5
`
`0.5
`1.8
`
`0.5
`
`0.5
`
`0.5
`
`0.5
`
`0.2
`
`0.5
`
`0.2
`
`0.5
`
`0.2
`
`0.7 GD
`
`0.2
`
`0.5
`
`'
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.9
`
`0.9
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.5
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.7
`
`0.5
`
`0.5
`
`0.5
`
`0.5
`
`0.7
`
`0.5
`
`0.5
`0.5
`
`0.7
`
`1.8
`
`0.5
`
`0.5
`
`0.5
`
`0.2
`
`0.5
`
`0.5
`
`0.5
`
`0.5
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.5
`
`0.9
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.2
`
`0.5
`
`Vehicle Speed Coefficient
`
`Exhibit 1006
`IPR2022-00426
`Page 18 of 35
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jan. 16, 2003 Sheet 18 of 20 US 2003/0014181 Al
`
`Fig. 18 Current and Daily Turning-Vehicle Table
`for All Road Intersections
`
`Sunday
`
`06.00-7.00 07.00-08.0C 08.00-09.00 09.00-10.0C 10.00-11.oc 11.00-12.00 12.00-13.0C
`
`ltl 0
`L/1 0
`,-f M st 0
`
`L/1 0
`L/1 0
`,-f M st 0
`
`R-TURN
`
`L-TURN
`
`2 4 3 5
`
`L/1 0
`ltl 0
`ltl 0
`ltl 0
`Ill 0
`ltl 0
`ltl 0
`ltl 0
`l/l 0
`L/1 0
`f"I VO T"i M vo ... f"I vo ,-f f"I st 0
`....
`,... M VO
`7 4 5 3 7 4 5 3 7 3 5 3 7 4 5 3 7 4 5 3 7 4 5 3 7 4 5 3
`2 4 4 5 - - 4 5 2 6 4 7 513 4 5 2 4 4 5 2- 5
`NO-TURN 5 3 7 4 5 3 - 1 5 7 7 4 - - 3 7 2 3 7 4 6 3 4
`
`3
`
`7 4
`
`TOTAL 14 11 ral12 7 9 9 14 1€ ltt n 12 15 11 11 16 12 15 7 14 3 12 8115 l12
`R-TURN 7 3 5 3 7 4 5 4 7 4 5 3 7 4 5 3 7 4 - 3 7 4 5 3 7 4 5 3
`3 5 4 5 - - 4 5 2 4 4 5 - - 4 5 1 4 4 5 2 4 4 5 2 4 6 5
`NO-TURN 7 4 7 4 5 8 - 9 5 3 7 4 5 3 9 7 5 3 7 9 3- - 5 4 2 1 7
`17 12 l16 211.2 2 9 18 14 11 1€ 12 12 718 12 13 11 11 16 112 8 9 13 13 8 112 D
`R-TURN 7 4 5 3 7 4 5 3 7 4 5 7 4 4 5 3 7 4 5 3 7 4 5 3 4 5 3 3
`2 4 6 7 - - 4 5 2 4 8 513
`4 5 213 4 2 - 5 4 5 4 4 5 5
`NO-TURN 5 3 7 4 i11 3- - 3 3 7 - -3 - - 5- 3 1 3 3 - - 3 7 4 4
`14 11 11.8 14 118 7 9 8 1. ;u ~c 1~ 11 7 9 8 14 17 12 6 lC 12 9 8 11 6 2 12
`
`'l'""i
`
`I-z .....
`
`N
`
`I-z .....
`
`CV')
`
`I-z .....
`
`V
`
`I-z .....
`
`C:
`
`I-z -
`
`L-TURN
`
`TOTAL
`
`L-TURN
`
`TOTAL
`
`R-TURN
`
`L-TURN
`
`NO-TURN
`
`TOTAL
`
`R-TURN
`
`L-TURN
`
`NO-TURN
`
`TOTAL
`
`Exhibit 1006
`IPR2022-00426
`Page 19 of 35
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jan. 16, 2003 Sheet 19 of 20 US 2003/0014181 Al
`
`Fig. 19 Current and Daily Vehicle Loads Table
`for All Road Sections
`
`Sunday
`
`.... M VO ""M '<I' 0
`
`1/l 0
`
`Ill 0
`
`1/l 0
`
`.... M v 0
`
`Ill 0
`
`Ill 0
`
`Ill 0
`
`Ill 0
`
`Ill 0
`
`.-< M vo .... MV 0
`7 4 5 3 7 4 5 3 7 3 5 3 7 4 5 3 7 4 5 3 7 4 5 3 7 4 5 3
`2 4 4 5 - - 4 5 2 6 4 7 513 4 5 2 4 4 5 2- 5
`5 3 7 4 5 3 - 1 5 7 7 4 -- 3 7 2 3 7 4 6 3 4
`3
`7 4
`14 11 16 12 12 7 9 9 14 16 lE 1~ 12 li 12 15 11 Ill 16 12 15 7 14 3 12 8 11.S 12
`7 3 5 3 7 4 5 4 7 4 5 3 7 4 5 3 7 4 - 3 7 4 5 3 7 4 5 3
`3 5 4 5 - - 4 5 2 4 4 5 - - 4 5 1 4 4 5 2 4 4 5 2 4 6 5
`NO-TURN 7 4 7 4 5 8 - 9 5 3 7 4 5 3 9 7 5 3 7 9 3- -
`5 4 2 1 7
`17 12 16 l2 12 l2 918 14 11 1€ 12 12 718 12 13 11 11 lE 12 8 9 13 13 8 112 13
`7 4 5 3 7 4 5 3 7 4 5 7 4 4 5 3 7 4 5 3 7 4 5 3 4 5 3 3
`2 4 6 7 - - 4 5 2 4 8 513
`4 5 213 4 2 - 5 4 5 4 4 5 5
`3 3 7 - - 3 - - 5- 3 1 3 3 - - 3 7 4 4
`NO-TURN 5 3 7 4 11 3- -
`14 11 18 14 18 7 9 8 1~ 11 20 1~ 11 7 9 8 14 1i 12 6 lC 12 9 8 11 6 2 12
`
`06.00-7.00 07.00-08.0C 08.00-09.00 09.00-10.0G 10.00-11.00 11.00-12.0C 12.00-13.0C
`.... M v 0
`.... M v 0
`
`Ill 0
`
`Ill 0
`
`Ill 0
`
`Ill 0
`
`Ill 0
`
`Ill 0
`
`N
`(/)
`0::::
`I
`...-i
`(/)
`0::::
`
`r-,..
`(/)
`0::::
`I
`...-i
`(/)
`0::::
`
`I.I)
`
`U)
`0::::
`I
`N
`(/)
`0::::
`
`CX)
`
`(/)
`et::
`I
`M
`(/)
`et::
`
`...-i
`
`+
`C
`(/)
`et::
`I
`C:
`(/)
`0::::
`
`R-TURN
`
`L-TURN
`
`NO-TURN
`
`2 4 3 5
`
`TOTAL
`
`R-TURN
`
`L-TURN
`
`TOTAL
`
`R-TURN
`
`L-TURN
`
`TOTAL
`
`R-TURN
`
`L-TURN
`
`NO-TURN
`
`TOTAL
`
`R-TURN
`
`L-TURN
`
`NO-TURN
`
`TOTAL
`
`Exhibit 1006
`IPR2022-00426
`Page 20 of 35
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jan. 16, 2003 Sheet 20 of 20 US 2003/0014181 Al
`
`Fig. 20 Updating Current Intersection Node Records
`
`Tl T2 T3 T4 TS
`Pl P2
`P3 P4
`PS
`
`RS4 RSL RSl RSl RSl
`Pl P2
`P3
`P4
`PS
`
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`
`RS4 RSS RSU RS9 RS9
`
`RSS RSS RSll RS1'.: RSL
`
`RS4 RSL RSL RSl~ RS9
`
`RSS RS1 RS1l RS9 RS9
`
`RS4 RSl, RSl, RSl'.: RS9
`
`AU33
`
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`
`AU17
`
`AU18
`
`AU19
`
`AU21
`
`AUSS
`
`Tl-T2 T2-T3 T3-T4 T4-T5 T5-T6
`AU33
`INTl AU15
`AU17
`AU19
`
`INT2.
`
`INT3
`
`INT4
`
`INTS
`
`INT6
`
`INT7
`
`AU17
`AU18
`
`AU17
`AU18
`
`AU33
`
`AUlS
`AU19
`
`AU18
`AU21
`
`AU18
`AU33
`AUlS
`AU55
`
`Exhibit 1006
`IPR2022-00426
`Page 21 of 35
`
`

`

`US 2003/0014181 Al
`
`Jan. 16,2003
`
`1
`
`TRAFFIC INFORMATION GATHERING VIA
`CELLULAR PHONE NETWORKS FOR
`INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`[0001] This invention relates generally to traffic control
`systems. More specifically, the present invention relates to a
`traffic information gathering system using cellular phone
`networks for automated intelligent traffic signal control.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`[0002]
`Intelligent traffic control systems comprise three
`major components: hardware, traffic control models, and
`information gathering systems.
`
`[0003] After briefly reviewing the first two components,
`we will present the state of the art of conventional informa(cid:173)
`tion gathering systems.
`
`[0004] Numerous Traffic Signal Controllers are used
`extensively throughout the United States and elsewhere
`around the globe. Most controllers are computer activated
`and use sophisticated software models to achieve optimiza(cid:173)
`tion of traffic flow.
`
`[0005]
`In the context of the present invention, we will
`concentrate on the operating models and algorithms that
`control such traffic signal controllers. Traffic control models
`underwent a radical change in the mid-1960's when digital
`computers began to be increasingly utilized in traffic control
`systems. Computers allowed creation of actuated controllers
`that have the ability to adjust the signal phase lengths in real
`time in response to traffic flow.
`
`[0006] Modes of controller operation can be divided into
`three primary categories: Pre-timed, actuated (including
`both semi-actuated and fully actuated), and traffic respon(cid:173)
`sive. Under pre-timed operation, the master controller sets
`signal phases and cycle lengths at predetermined rates based
`on historical data. Actuated controllers operate based on
`traffic demands as registered by the actuation of vehicle
`and/or pedestrian detectors.
`
`[0007] Semi-actuated controllers maintain green on the
`major street except when vehicles are detected on minor
`streets, and always return right of way to the major street.
`Fully actuated controllers rely on detectors for measuring
`traffic flow on all approaches and make assignments of the
`right of way in accordance with traffic demands.
`
`[0008] Traffic responsive controllers respond to inputs
`from traffic detectors and may react in one of the following
`ways:
`[0009] Use vehicle volume data as measured by
`traffic detectors;
`[0010] Perform pattern matching: the volume and
`occupancy data from system detectors are compared
`with profiles in memory, and the most closely match(cid:173)
`ing profile is used for decision-making;
`[0011] Perform future traffic prediction: projections
`of future conditions are computed based on data
`from traffic detectors.
`[0012] As the use of traffic responsive controllers has been
`gaining momentum, the importance of methods of gathering
`information has also greatly increased.
`
`[0013] Conventional Methods of Gathering Traffic Con(cid:173)
`dition Information
`
`[0014] Due to ever increasing traffic volumes, traffic con(cid:173)
`trol and information acquisition have become a central part
`of the overall traffic management strategy. Numerous com(cid:173)
`puterized traffic models have become dependent on real time
`traffic event updates in complex traffic signaling applica(cid:173)
`tions.
`
`[0015] Generally, dynamic traffic data are gathered by
`three methods:
`
`[0016] 1. Road sensor devices such as induction
`loops, traffic detectors, and TV cameras mounted on
`poles;
`
`[0017] 2. Mobile traffic units such as police, road
`service, helicopters, weather reports, etc.
`
`[0018] 3. Cellular mobile communication systems,
`using GPS or similar equipped vehicle-tracking ser(cid:173)
`vices, usually in closed environments, such as indi(cid:173)
`vidual private organizations, or commercial entities.
`
`[0019] The disadvantages of these conventional data col(cid:173)
`lection methods can be summarized as follows:
`
`[0020] 1. Relatively high cost of capital investment to
`install fixed road devices, especially in existing road
`infrastructures;
`
`[0021] 2. Relatively limited number of organizations
`such as trucking, delivery and other service compa(cid:173)
`nies utilizing GPS reporting vehicles and relying on
`proprietary rights of the collected traffic data;
`
`[0022] 3. Apart from the relatively small number of
`cars equipped with required GPS devices necessary
`for precise position determination, generally only
`small geographical areas are effectively covered due
`to specific nature of service tasks.
`
`[0023] One conventional way to measure traffic flow is by
`using buried loops in the pavement. These loops create a
`magnetic field, which is disturbed by the magnetic materials
`in a car passing over it. A special device in the traffic control
`cabinet monitors the buried loop and reports to the controller
`when it has been disturbed. Sometimes microwave detectors
`resembling a closed circuit TV camera mounted on a pole
`are used.
`
`[0024] Some work has been done recently on mobile
`traffic data generation using GPS reporting devices mounted
`on individual cars to provide positioning information of the
`vehicle via a wireless mobile communication system.
`
`[0025] These conventional systems can also provide infor(cid:173)
`mation on road conditions, weather conditions, etc. The
`expenditures related to these mobile systems are much more
`cost-effective than the traditional methods using fixed road
`metering (such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,012,012
`to Fleck et al.). The disadvantage of these systems is the
`relatively limited number of cars equipped with required
`GPS devices necessary for precise position determination.
`Therefore, only a relatively small geographical areas that
`can be effectively covered.
`
`[0026]
`In another conventional system, GSM phones are
`combined with built-in GPS devices to enable hybrid loca(cid:173)
`tion capabilities, based on the GSM network as well as an
`
`Exhibit 1006
`IPR2022-00426
`Page 22 of 35
`
`

`

`US 2003/0014181 Al
`
`Jan. 16,2003
`
`2
`
`integral GPS receiver. Mobile Phone Telematics Protocol
`(MPTP) facilitates hybrid positioning, transferring and man(cid:173)
`aging of information. Mobil phone providers integrate
`resource management, traffic reporting, telematics, safety
`and security systems and provide the data to their mobile
`terminals. With the help of MPTP, cell phones are connected
`to an existing emergency center and can obtain position
`updates and emergency call messages. GSM/GPS phones
`can also provide a wide range of optional features, such as
`safe area tracking, route navigation, and position requests.
`
`[0027] The present invention proposes a system and
`method that overcomes the shortcomings of conventional
`traffic data gathering systems by utilizing the general wire(cid:173)
`less (cellular) telephone information network data. The
`exemplary system and method is equally compatible with
`the GSM, CDMA or PDC wireless telephone systems, since
`it does not depend on system specific features. The data from
`moving vehicles is collected and fed into the system con(cid:173)
`tinuously. The system filters and cleans the data by applying
`intelligent heuristic algorithms and produces information on
`traffic situations in real time that can be supplied to auto(cid:173)
`mated traffic controllers. This eliminates the need for devel(cid:173)
`oping a dedicated mobile wireless information gathering
`fleet or other high cost devices requiring a large amount of
`personnel and long reaction times for traffic events such as
`accidents and traffic congestion.
`
`[0028]
`In brief, the advantages of the exemplary informa(cid:173)
`tion collection system of the present invention over the prior
`art sensor based systems may be summarized as follows:
`
`[0029] Advantages:
`
`[0030] 1. No need for costly infrastructure: detectors,
`loops, etc.;
`
`[0031] 2. Low recurring costs associated with obtain(cid:173)
`ing information;
`
`[0032] 3. Comprehensive coverage of large geo(cid:173)
`graphical regions;
`
`[0033] 4. Constant improvement in measurement
`precision;
`
`[0034] 5. Information stored in the database allows
`for the performance of various tasks which are
`difficult or impossible to perform under traditional
`methods of data collection, such as studying travel
`profiles, calculating travel times under congestion
`conditions, calculating various statistics related to
`roads, road sections, etc.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`[0035]
`In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, it is an
`object of the present invention to provide a system and
`method for optimizing traffic flow based on information
`received from wireless telephone systems.
`
`[0036] The disadvantages of the prior art may be over(cid:173)
`come by using the wireless networks as the means to provide
`location information as described herein. Technologically,
`this may be achieved by measuring the signals traveling
`between a moving cell phone and a fixed set of base stations.
`This approach takes advantage of the large pool of existing
`cell handsets. For example, in the United States along there
`are presently about 50 million cellular handsets. And any
`
`necessary modifications, such as specialized location equip(cid:173)
`ment, can be placed on the network rather than in the
`handsets.
`[0037] The present invention comprises an intelligent data
`gathering and processing system based on existing cellular
`phone networks, and utilizes real time cell phone position
`data for reconstructing concurrent traffic conditions.
`[0038] A primary function of the exemplary system of the
`present invention is the construction and maintenance of
`lists of vehicles moving along all road sections at particular
`points in time. This may be achieved by tracking all in(cid:173)
`vehicle cell phones wit