(12) United States Patent
`Livneh
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 8,594,678 B2
`Nov. 26, 2013
`
`US008594678B2
`
`(54) BACKHAUL NETWORK FOR FEMTOBASE
`STATIONS
`
`(75) Inventor: Noah Livneh, Haifa (IL)
`(73) Assignee: QUALCOMM Incorporated, San
`Diego, CA (US)
`
`(*) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 1340 days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 11/954,851
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Dec. 12, 2007
`
`(65)
`
`O
`O
`Prior Publication Data
`US 2008/02616O2A1
`Oct. 23, 2008
`O
`O
`Related U.S. Application Data
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/912,677, filed on Apr.
`18, 2007.
`(51) Int. Cl.
`H04.736/00
`HO4W 4O/OO
`HO4W 72/00
`H04W 4/00
`(52) U.S. Cl.
`USPC ........... 455/444; 455/443; 455/448; 455/453;
`370/328
`
`(2009.01)
`(2009.01)
`(2009.01)
`(2009.01)
`
`(58) Field of Classification Search
`USPC ................... 370/328,331; 455/442, 443, 444
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`5,371,738 A * 12/1994 Moelard et al. ............... 370,331
`6,996,086 B2
`2/2006 Wolfe et al.
`7,684,798 B2
`3/2010 Sengodan et al.
`7.912,013 B2
`3/2011 Qi et al.
`
`2002fO159409 A1* 10, 2002 Wolfe et al. ................... 370,329
`2004/0005894 A1
`1/2004 Trossen et al. ................ 455,436
`2004/002.9602 A1
`2/2004 Kunihiro
`2005. O1483.68 A1
`7/2005 Scheinert et al.
`2006/008443.6 A1
`4/2006 Green et al.
`2006/02O3795 A1
`9, 2006 Welborn et al.
`2007/0097938 A1* 5/2007 Nylander et al. .......... 370/338
`2008/0268844 A1* 10, 2008 Ma et al. ....................... 455,436
`
`EP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`RU
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`1612995
`1, 2006
`6132888. A
`5, 1994
`90.51573. A
`2, 1997
`2003258704 A
`9, 2003
`2004007457 A
`1, 2004
`22O1034 C2
`3, 2003
`
`(Continued)
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`International Search Report—PCT/US08/060689—International
`Search Authority, European Patent Office–Oct. 6, 2008.
`(Continued)
`
`Primary Examiner — Huy C Ho
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`Providing an inter-femto Base Station (fBS) network to facili
`tate low interference, low power cellular access utilizing two
`or more fBSs is provided herein. For example, a group offBSs
`can be inter-connected by a wired and/or wireless communi
`cation network. Multiple fBSs then can link with a mobile
`device and coordinate cellular traffic amongst the fBS net
`work to facilitate hand-off related communication. Addition
`ally, cellular traffic can be forwarded from one or more fBSs
`to an appropriate fBS designated to carry cellular traffic for
`each mobile device. Furthermore, by inter-connecting mul
`tiple fBSs, multi-base station cellular-type hand-off can be
`supported by the fBS network, while preserving predeter
`mined cellular interface constraints associated with Such
`mobile devices.
`
`28 Claims, 12 Drawing Sheets
`
`100 sea
`
`
`
`AGGREGATORRNC
`
`DSL
`SERVERX
`
`
`
`
`
`UE 1 (FBSA)
`112
`
`Petitioners' Ex. 1021, Page 1 of 29
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. et al. v. BillJCo, LLC
`IPR2022-00420
`
`

`

`US 8,594,678 B2
`Page 2
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`5.53558 U.
`9, 2003
`TW
`I249306 B
`2, 2006
`TW
`WO9914.897 A2
`3, 1999
`WO
`O178246
`10, 2001
`WO
`2005122622 A1 12/2005
`WO
`WO WO2007040449 A1
`4/2007
`WO
`WO2007 O40453 A2
`4/2007
`WO WO2007 O40454 A2
`4/2007
`
`Opinion PCT/US08/060689 International
`Written
`Authority, European Patent Office–Oct. 6, 2008.
`Smarat Ganguly et al., “Performance Optimizations for Deploying
`VoIP Services in Mesh Networks', IEEE Journal on Selected Areas
`in Communications, U.S.A., IEEE, Nov. 2006, vol. 24. Issue. 11pp.
`2147-2158.
`Taiwan Search Report TWO97114374 TIPO Jan. 2, 2013.
`
`Search
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`Petitioners' Ex. 1021, Page 2 of 29
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. et al. v. BillJCo, LLC
`IPR2022-00420
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 26, 2013
`
`Sheet 1 of 12
`
`
`
`QNR/RIO LVOETHOOV00I
`
`Å RIGHARIGH
`
`TISOI
`
`_> $TT ^ XXIGIAYHAS
`
`TSOI
`
`
`
`
`
`Petitioners' Ex. 1021, Page 3 of 29
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`IPR2022-00420
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 26, 2013
`
`Sheet 2 of 12
`
`US 8,594,678 B2
`
`
`
`FORMING A LINK BETWEEN A
`MOBILE DEVICE AND FIRST FBS
`
`COUPLING THE FIRST FBS AND A
`NEIGHBORING FBS
`
`ROUTING DATA TO A CELLULAR
`NETWORK VIA THE NEIGHBORING
`FBS
`
`204
`
`2O6
`
`FG. 2
`
`Petitioners' Ex. 1021, Page 4 of 29
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 26, 2013
`
`Sheet 3 of 12
`
`US 8,594,678 B2
`
`
`
`FORMING ANETWORK OF FBSs
`
`COUPLING THE FBSS WITH ONE OR
`MORE ROUTERS TO FACILITATE
`THE NETWORK
`
`RECEIVING CELLULAR TRAFFICAT
`ONE OR MORE FBSS FROMA DEVICE
`
`ROUTING THE TRAFFICTO A FBS
`DESIGNATED FOR THE DEVICE
`
`FORWARDING THE TRAFFIC TO A
`CELL NETWORK WIA AN IPLINE
`
`UTILIZING THE INTERNET TO
`FORWARD A PORTION OF THE
`TRAFFIC
`
`302
`
`304
`
`306
`
`308
`
`310
`
`312
`
`FG. 3
`
`Petitioners' Ex. 1021, Page 5 of 29
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`IPR2022-00420
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 26, 2013
`
`Sheet 4 of 12
`
`US 8,594,678 B2
`
`400 Y
`
`
`
`402
`
`404
`
`406
`
`408
`
`410
`
`412
`
`44
`
`FORMING ANETWORK OF FBSS
`
`LINKING AT LEAST ONE NETWORK
`FBS TO A CELLULAR NETWORK
`
`MAPPING CONNECTIVITY
`PARAMETERS BETWEEN THE FBSS
`AND A DEVICE
`
`COMPILING A CONNECTIVITY MAP
`FOR ONE ORMORE FBSS
`
`IFORWARDING TE CONNECTIVITY
`MAP(S) TO AN FBS AGGREGATOR
`
`FACILITATING COMPILATION OF A
`CELL CONNECTIVITY MAP AT THE
`FBS AGGREGATOR
`
`PARTICIPATING IN MOBILE HAND
`OFF UTILIZING ONE OF THE MAPS
`
`FG. 4
`
`Petitioners' Ex. 1021, Page 6 of 29
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`IPR2022-00420
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 26, 2013
`
`Sheet 5 of 12
`
`US 8,594,678 B2
`
`500 TY
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`RECEIVING INFORMATION
`RELATED TO MOBILE DATA LINK
`
`DIRECTING TRANSFER OF DATA
`FROM ONE FBS TO ANOTHER VIA
`AN FBS NETWORK LINK
`
`SO2
`
`504
`
`F.G. 5
`
`Petitioners' Ex. 1021, Page 7 of 29
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. et al. v. BillJCo, LLC
`IPR2022-00420
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 26, 2013
`
`Sheet 6 of 12
`
`US 8,594,678 B2
`
`600 Y
`
`
`
`COORDINATING ANETWORK OF
`FBSS
`
`RECEIVING OR GENERATING A
`CONNECTIVITY MAP
`
`DIRECTING A DEVICE TO TRANSMIT
`DATA TO A FIRST FBS BASED ON
`THE MAP
`
`DIRECTING THE DEVICE TO
`TRANSMIT ADDITIONAL DATA TO A
`SECOND FBS BASED ON THE MAP
`
`DIRECTING A DEVICE TO TRANSMIT
`FURTHER DATA TO A THIRD FBS
`BASED ON THE MAP
`
`DIRECTING THE FIRST FBS TO
`ROUTE THE ADDITIONAL DATA TO
`THE SECOND FBS
`
`DIRECTING THE THIRD FBS TO
`ROUTE THE FURTHER DATA TO THE
`SECOND FBS VIA THE FIRST FBS
`
`F.G. 6
`
`602
`
`604
`
`606
`
`608
`
`610
`
`612
`
`614
`
`Petitioners' Ex. 1021, Page 8 of 29
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. et al. v. BillJCo, LLC
`IPR2022-00420
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 26, 2013
`
`Sheet 7 of 12
`
`US 8,594,678 B2
`
`
`
`FORMING A CONNECTION
`BETWEEN A MOBILE DEVICE AND
`AN FBS
`
`TRANSMITTING DATA VIA THE
`CONNECTION
`
`702
`
`704
`
`DIRECTING THE FBS TO FORWARD
`THE DATA TO A SECOND FBS
`
`FIG 7
`
`Petitioners' Ex. 1021, Page 9 of 29
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`IPR2022-00420
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 26, 2013
`
`Sheet 8 of 12
`
`US 8,594,678 B2
`
`800 Y
`
`
`
`SENDING CELLULAR TRAFFICTO
`AT LEAST ONE NETWORKED FBS
`
`FORMING A LINK TO A SECOND
`NETWORKED FBS
`
`COMPILING A CONNECTIVITY MAP
`FROM TRANSMISSION WITH THE
`FBSS
`
`RECEIVING ONE OR MAPS
`COMPILED BY THE FBSS OR BY AN
`FBS AGGREGATOR
`
`SPLITTING THE CELLULAR TRAFFIC
`BETWEEN AT LEAST THE TWO FBSS
`
`INSTRUCTING THE FBSS TO
`FORWARD TRAFFIC TO A THIRD FBS
`AFFILIATED WITH A DEVICE
`
`804
`
`806
`
`808
`
`810
`
`812
`
`FG. 8
`
`Petitioners' Ex. 1021, Page 10 of 29
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 26, 2013
`
`Sheet 9 of 12
`
`US 8,594,678 B2
`
`- 900
`
`
`
`ACCESS TERMINAL
`
`ANTENNACS)
`902
`
`APPLICATION
`MODULE
`
`XMISSION
`MAPPING
`APPLICATION
`
`TRANSMISSION
`PROCESSOR
`
`TRANSMITTER
`
`MODULATOR
`
`920
`
`FG. 9
`
`Petitioners' Ex. 1021, Page 11 of 29
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 26, 2013
`
`Sheet 10 of 12
`
`US 8,594,678 B2
`
`1000 N
`
`1027
`
`IP UPLOAD
`1030
`
`
`
`IP DOWNLOAD
`102
`
`1006
`
`RXANTENNAS
`
`1004
`
`MOBILE
`DEVICE(S)
`
`1008
`
`TX ANTENNAS
`
`1032
`
`XDSL,
`
`1034
`WiFi, BPL or
`ETHERNET
`
`1002
`
`FEMTOBASE STATION
`
`INTER BS
`APPLICATION
`
`PROCESSOR
`
`MODULATOR
`
`FIG. 10
`
`Petitioners' Ex. 1021, Page 12 of 29
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`IPR2022-00420
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 26, 2013
`
`Sheet 11 of 12
`
`US 8,594,678 B2
`
`1100
`
`
`
`RNC/FBS AGGREGATOR
`
`OUTPUT INTERFACE
`
`AGGREGATION
`COMPONENT
`
`MOBILE
`OPTIMIZATION
`MODULE
`
`HAND-OFF
`APPLICATION
`MODULE
`
`CONNECTIVITY
`APPLICATION
`MODULE
`
`FIG. 11
`
`Petitioners' Ex. 1021, Page 13 of 29
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 26, 2013
`
`Sheet 12 of 12
`
`US 8,594,678 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`12O2
`
`1204
`
`1206
`
`MODULE FOR
`COUPLNG fBS
`DEVICES
`
`F.G. 12
`
`MODULE FOR
`ROUTING
`TRAFFIC
`
`1300
`
`
`
`1400
`
`FIG. 13
`
`
`
`1402
`
`1404
`
`1406
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`MODULE FOR
`FORMING A
`DATA LINK
`
`
`
`
`
`MODULE FOR
`TRANSMITTING
`DATA
`
`
`
`
`
`MODULE FOR
`ROUTING DATA
`
`FIG. 14
`
`Petitioners' Ex. 1021, Page 14 of 29
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. et al. v. BillJCo, LLC
`IPR2022-00420
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`

`

`1.
`BACKHAUL NETWORK FOR FEMTO BASE
`STATIONS
`
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`
`This patent application claims the benefit of and priority to
`Provisional Patent Application No. 60/912,677, filed on Apr.
`18, 2007, and entitled “Methods and Apparatus for Providing
`Backhaul Network for Femto Base Stations.” which is hereby
`expressly incorporated by reference herein.
`
`10
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`15
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`1. Field
`The following description relates generally to wireless
`communications, and more particularity to utilization and
`control of femto Base Stations in a cellular communication
`network.
`2. Background
`Typical radio access cellular networks operate by way of
`various radio transmission devices, or base stations. These
`base stations provide wireless access to wireless mobile
`devices, such as cellular phones, to a core network of a cel
`lular service provider. The base stations along with various
`data routing and control mechanisms (e.g., base station con
`trollers, core and edge routers, and so on) facilitate remote
`communication for the mobile devices. As communication
`service providers expand base station coverage, more land
`areas can be covered by the radio access network. However,
`some areas can be difficult to provide reliable radio coverage,
`for various reasons such as population, high mobile traffic,
`interference with other transmitters, or materials that absorb
`base station transmission (e.g., dense, concrete and steel
`buildings, underground facilities, and the like).
`One solution to provide mobile communication Support to
`areas where radio access is difficult, is a personal base
`station, or femto Base Station (fBS) (also termed, e.g., a home
`Node B or Femto cell). An fBS is a relatively small range
`40
`device (compared with standard radio network base stations,
`such as a Node-B) that facilitates wireless communication
`over a licensed cellular radio band (as opposed to an unli
`censed band, utilized by wireless local area network routers).
`The fBS can maintain a wireless link with cellular devices
`over Such a network band, in a similar manner as a Node-B
`base station. Consequently, an fBS can provide Small range
`cellular coverage for an area that does not receive a good
`signal from a radio access base station. Often, an individual
`consumer might utilize an fBS in their home, an apartment
`building, an office building, and so on, for personal cellular
`aCCCSS,
`Although the fBS communicates with cellular devices via
`licensed radio network communication, it communicates
`with a core cellular network or cellular control module via an
`Internet Protocol (IP) connection. For instance, an fBS will
`typically connect to a digital Subscriberline (DSL), a coaxial
`TV cable carrying broadband IP, a broadband overpower line
`(BPL) connection, or the like. The fBS can utilize the IP
`connection to communicate with a provider's cellular net
`work equipment over the Internet, for instance, or via a direct
`connection between an IP server and a cellular traffic control
`device (e.g., a radio network controller (RNC) or fBS aggre
`gator). FBS devices, as described, can help to overcome some
`of the problems associated with typical radio network cover
`age, and can therefore be valuable tools for cellular network
`service providers.
`
`45
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`50
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`55
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`60
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`US 8,594,678 B2
`
`2
`SUMMARY
`
`The following presents a simplified Summary of one or
`more embodiments in order to provide a basic understanding
`of such embodiments. This Summary is not an extensive over
`view of all contemplated embodiments, and is intended to
`neither identify key or critical elements of all embodiments
`nor delineate the scope of any or all embodiments. Its sole
`purpose is to present some concepts of one or more embodi
`ments in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed
`description that is presented later.
`Providing an inter-femto Base Station (fBS) network to
`facilitate low interference, low power cellular access over one
`or more fBSs is provided herein. For example, a group offBSs
`can be inter-connected by a wired or wireless communication
`network. Multiple fBSs then can link with a mobile device
`and coordinate cellular traffic amongst the fBS network to
`facilitate hand-off related communication. Conventionally, a
`single fBS is designated to carry cellular traffic for a prede
`termined mobile device or set of devices (e.g., related by a
`service plan), and will deny cellular network access to all
`other non-predetermined mobile devices. In addition, con
`ventional fBS devices have no mechanism that facilitates
`direct inter-fBS communication. As a result, an fBS typically
`ignores communication originating from a device that it is not
`designated to route traffic for, because the fBS has no mecha
`nism to relay such traffic to an appropriate fBS, and therefore
`cannot act as an interface to a cellular network for Such
`device.
`Although fBS devices can provide very good localized
`cellular coverage, the low interference and low power con
`Sumption benefits of multi-base station cellular-type commu
`nication (e.g., code division multiple access CDMA, uni
`versal mobile telecommunication system UMTS, and so on)
`involve at least Some communication amongst base stations.
`Therefore, by inter-connecting multiple fBSs viaan fBS net
`work, direct (and/or indirect) inter-fBS communication is
`provided, enabling cellular-type hand-offamong the multiple
`fBSs, even though only a single fBS ultimately routes the
`cellular traffic to a core cellular network. As a result, a mobile
`device can communicate with alternate networked fBS
`devices (e.g., including one or more fBS devices have better
`transmission characteristics than a designated fBS) while
`having traffic routed to an fBS designated for such device.
`According to Some aspects of the claimed Subject matter, a
`method of providing an fBS backhaul network for interfacing
`a mobile device with a cellular network is described herein.
`The method can comprise Supporting a communication link
`between a mobile device at a first fBS, and communicatively
`coupling the first fBS with a neighboring fBS. In addition, the
`method can comprise routing at least a portion of traffic
`associated with the communication link to a cellular network
`by way of the neighboring fBS.
`According to additional aspects, an apparatus that provides
`a fBS backhaul network to interface a mobile device with a
`cellular network is provided. The apparatus can comprise a
`first transceiver that Supports a communication link between
`a mobile device at a first fBS and a second transceiver that
`communicatively couples the first fBS with a neighboring
`fBS. Additionally, the apparatus can include memory con
`taining an inter-fBS application module for directing cellular
`related traffic between the first fBS and the neighboring fBS.
`According to further aspects, the apparatus can also include a
`network processor that routes at least a portion of traffic
`associated with the communication link to a cellular network
`by way of the neighboring fBS.
`
`Petitioners' Ex. 1021, Page 15 of 29
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`

`

`3
`Another aspect of the claimed subject matter relates to at
`least one processor configured to provide a fBS backhaul
`network for interfacing a mobile device with a cellular net
`work. Particularly, the processor can comprise a first module
`for Supporting a communication link between a mobile device
`at a first fBS, a second module for communicatively coupling
`the first fBS with a neighboring fBS, and a third module for
`routing at least a portion of traffic associated with the com
`munication link to a cellular network by way of the neighbor
`ing fBS.
`Additionally aspects relate to another apparatus that pro
`vides a fBS backhaul network to interface a mobile device
`with a cellular network. The apparatus can comprise a means
`for Supporting a communication link between a mobile device
`at a first fBS as well as a means for communicatively coupling
`the first fBS with a neighboring fBS. Also, the apparatus can
`comprise a means for routing at least a portion of traffic
`associated with the communication link to a cellular network
`by way of the neighboring fBS.
`According to still other aspects, a computer program prod
`uct that facilitates providing an fBS backhaul network for
`cellular network interface is provided. The computer program
`product can comprise a computer-readable medium that also
`comprises a first set of codes for causing a computer to Sup
`port a communication link between a mobile device at a first
`fBS, and a second set of codes for causing a computer to
`communicatively couple the first fBS with a neighboring fBS.
`The computer-readable medium can also comprise a third set
`of codes for causing a computer to route at least a portion of
`traffic associated with the communication link to a cellular
`network by way of the neighboring fBS.
`According to one or more other aspects, a method for
`managing a multi-fBS interface to a cellular network is pro
`vided. The method can comprise receiving information
`related to a data link between a first fBS and a mobile device,
`and facilitating transfer of at least a portion of cellular traffic
`carried over the data link to a neighboring fBS. Further, the
`neighboring fBS is communicatively coupled at least in part
`to a cellular link assigned to carry fBS-related traffic for the
`mobile device.
`Further aspects provide for a an apparatus configured to
`manage a multi-fBS interface to a cellular network. The appa
`ratus can comprise a input interface that receives information
`related to a data link between a first fBS and a mobile device
`and memory at the apparatus configured to store application
`45
`modules for the apparatus. Moreover, the apparatus can com
`prise an aggregation processor that facilitates transfer of at
`least a portion of cellular traffic carried over the data link to a
`neighboring fBS. Specifically, the neighboring fBS is com
`municatively coupled at least in part to a cellular linkassigned
`50
`to carry fBS-related traffic for the mobile device.
`In addition to the foregoing, one or more aspects relate to at
`least one processor configured to manage a multi-fBS inter
`face to a cellular network. The processor can comprise a first
`module for receiving information related to a data link
`between a first fBS and a mobile device and a second module
`for facilitating transfer of at least a portion of cellular traffic
`carried over the data link to a neighboring fBS. Moreover, the
`neighboring fBS is communicatively coupled at least in part
`to a cellular link assigned to carry fBS-related traffic for the
`mobile device.
`Further aspects relate to an apparatus that manages a multi
`fBS interface to a cellular network. The apparatus can com
`prise a means for receiving information related to a data link
`between a first fBS and a mobile device, as well as a means for
`facilitating transfer of at least a portion of cellular traffic
`carried over the data link to a neighboring fBS. According to
`
`30
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`40
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`60
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`US 8,594,678 B2
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`10
`
`15
`
`25
`
`4
`particular aspects, the neighboring fBS is communicatively
`coupled at least in part to a cellular link assigned to carry
`fBS-related traffic for the mobile device.
`Also disclosed is a computer program product that man
`ages a multi-fBS interface to a cellular network. The com
`puter program can comprise a computer-readable medium,
`which further comprises a first set of codes for receiving
`information related to a data link between a first fBS and a
`mobile device. Additionally, the computer-readable medium
`can comprise a second set of codes for facilitating transfer of
`at least a portion of cellular traffic carried over the data link to
`a neighboring fBS, where the neighboring fBS is communi
`catively coupled at least in part to a cellular link assigned to
`carry fBS-related traffic for the mobile device.
`According to further aspects a method of interfacing a
`mobile device with a cellular network by way of a fBS back
`haul network is also disclosed. The method can comprise
`forming a wireless communication between a mobile device
`and an fBS and transmitting at least a portion of cellular traffic
`by way of the wireless communication to the fBS. Addition
`ally, the method can also comprise directing the fBS to for
`ward the portion of the cellular traffic to a second fBS, the
`second fBS is connected to a cellular interface affiliated with
`the mobile device.
`According to still other aspects, an apparatus configured to
`interface a mobile device with a cellular network by way of a
`fBS backhaul network is provided. The apparatus can com
`prise a transmitter that forms a wireless data link for a mobile
`device with an fBS and a transmission processor that trans
`mits at least a portion of cellular traffic to the fBS. According
`to additional aspects the apparatus can also comprise a mobile
`device memory containing an application module configured
`to instruct the fBS to route the portion of the cellular traffic
`transmitted over the wireless data link to a second fBS, where
`the second fBS is connected to a cellular interface affiliated
`with the mobile device.
`In addition to the foregoing, also provided is at least one
`processor configured to interface a mobile device with a cel
`lular network by way of a fBS backhaul network. The pro
`cessor(s) can comprise a first module that forms a wireless
`data link for a mobile device withan fBS and a second module
`that transmits at least a portion of cellular traffic to the fBS.
`Furthermore, the processor can comprise a third module that
`instructs the fBS to route the portion of the cellular traffic
`transmitted over the wireless data link to a second fBS that is
`connected to a cellular interface affiliated with the mobile
`device.
`Additional aspects relate to an apparatus that manages a
`multi-fBS interface to a cellular network. The apparatus can
`comprise a means for forming a wireless data link for a
`mobile device with an fBS and a means for transmitting at
`least a portion of cellular traffic to the fBS. Further, the
`apparatus can comprise a means for instructing the fBS to
`route the portion of the cellular traffic transmitted over the
`wireless data link to a second fBS that is connected to a
`cellular interface affiliated with the mobile device.
`According to one or more further aspects, provided is a
`computer program product that manages a multi-fBS inter
`face to a cellular network. The computer program product can
`comprise a computer-readable medium that can further com
`prise a first set of codes for forming a wireless communication
`between a mobile device and an fBS and a second set of codes
`for transmitting at least a portion of cellular traffic by way of
`the wireless communication to the fBS. Moreover, the com
`puter-readable medium can comprise a third set of codes for
`directing the fBS to forward the portion of the cellular traffic
`
`Petitioners' Ex. 1021, Page 16 of 29
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. et al. v. BillJCo, LLC
`IPR2022-00420
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`5
`to a second fBS, the second fBS is connected to a cellular
`interface affiliated with the mobile device.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`FIG. 1 depicts an example system diagram of an fBS net
`work that provides an interface between mobile devices and
`cellular provider control equipment.
`FIG. 2 depicts a flowchart of a sample methodology for
`interfacing a cellular device and a cellular network by way of
`a fBS network.
`FIG. 3 illustrates a flowchart of an example methodology
`for providing high efficiency cellular communication by way
`of a fBS network.
`FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of an example methodology
`for providing hand-off between one or more networked fBSs
`in accordance with one or more aspects.
`FIG. 5 depicts a flowchart of an example methodology for
`managing a fBS network according to additional aspects.
`FIG. 6 depicts a flowchart of a sample methodology for
`mapping fBS connectivity to optimize a fBS-cellular inter
`face.
`FIG. 7 depicts a flowchart of an example methodology for
`utilizing a fBS network to interface with a cellular network.
`FIG. 8 depicts a flowchart of a sample methodology for
`facilitating optimizing mobile device and fBS communica
`tions.
`FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of a sample mobile
`device in accordance with various aspects set forth herein.
`FIG. 10 depicts a block diagram of a sample femto Base
`Station (fBS) in accordance with additional aspects.
`FIG. 11 depicts a block diagram of an example radio net
`work controller (RNC) or fBS aggregator that can manage a
`fBS network and fBS hand-off.
`FIGS. 12 through 14 depict block diagrams of example
`systems that can utilize a network of fBSs to effectuate cel
`lular communication in accord with one or more aspects.
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`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`
`Various aspects are now described with reference to the
`drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to
`like elements throughout. In the following description, for
`purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set
`forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or
`more aspects. It can be evident, however, that such aspect(s)
`can be practiced without these specific details. In other
`instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in
`block diagram form in order to facilitate describing one or
`more aspects.
`Femto Base Stations (fBS) can be deployed to individual
`consumers and placed in homes, apartment buildings, office
`buildings, and the like. An fBS can communicate with a
`cellular device in range of the fBS utilizing a licensed cellular
`transmission band. Further, fBSs are connected to a core
`cellular network by way of an Internet Protocol (IP) connec
`tion, such as a digital Subscriber line (DSL, e.g., including
`asymmetric DSL (ADSL), high data rate DSL (HDSL), very
`high speed DSL (VDSL), etc.), a TV cable carrying Internet
`Protocol (IP) traffic, a broadband over power line (BPL)
`connection, or like connection. Typically, the Internet service
`for the IP connection is paid for by the consumer. Also, the
`connection between the IP line and the cellular network can
`be a direct connection, or by way of the Internet. An fBS
`therefore, can provide cellular support to a cellular handset
`and route cellular traffic (e.g., voice, data, video, audio, Inter
`net, and so on) to a macro cellular network through the IP
`
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`US 8,594,678 B2
`
`6
`connection. This mechanism can save consumers air time
`costs and reduce a network provider's cellular network traffic
`load. Also, cellular coverage inside a home/office building/
`apartment can be greatly improved by the fBS.
`Typically, although an fBS is capable of forming a cellular
`link (e.g., a wireless link utilizing one or more licensed radio
`network frequencies) with multiple cellular devices, a con
`Sumer desires only his or her own traffic to be carried by a
`private IP connection connected to the fBS. For instance, the
`consumer may wish to preserve IP bandwidth for their own
`use, rather than for the use of other mobile device users. As a
`result, an fBS is generally associated only with a single
`mobile handset or group of handsets; traffic related to such
`handset(s) is routed over the consumer’s IP connection,
`whereas traffic related to other devices is blocked. Conse
`quently, although the fBS can communicate with multiple
`handsets regardless of subscriber, the fBS is typically pro
`grammed to ignore devices that are not associated with a
`particular consumer, service plan, or the like.
`Although association of an fBS with one or a group of
`mobile devices is useful for preserving a consumer’s IP band
`width, it can restrict the full range of benefits provided by a
`multi-base station cellular communication architecture (e.g.,
`code division multiple access (CDMA), universal mobile
`telecommunication system UMTS, global system for
`mobile communication GSM-type technology, and so on).
`Specifically, low interference and low transmission power
`benefits provided by multi-base station hand-off (HO) are not
`available if a link with only one base station is permitted. As
`a result, cellular system capacity and call success rate can be
`substantially reduced. Some calls which would have been
`easily supported by a deployed network offBS devices, for
`instance, were they permitted to communicate with all Suit
`able mobile devices in range, would be dropped because of a
`lack of proper HO capability.
`In certain circumstances, it is not uncommon for a group of
`fBS devices to be in relatively close proximity with other such
`devices. For instance, in apartment buildings or condo
`minium complexes, several fBS devices can be densely
`spaced together. Even in office buildings or in residential
`areas, multiple fBS units can be within a relatively short
`range. Moreover, a common feature of the fBS is utilization or
`incorporation of a wireless local area network (WLAN) trans
`ceiver (e.g., wireless fidelity (WiFi) or 802.11x, including
`802.11a, b, g, n, and so on). In addition, the fBS is constantly
`connected to a power line and may have BPL capabilities as
`well. Such capability also enables multiple fBS devices, if in
`WLAN range or inter-connected by wired (e.g., Ethernet)
`connection, to inter-communicate.
`In order to provide multi-base station HO support for an
`un-planned or semi-planned deployment offBSs, the subject
`disclosure provides for a backhaul network of fBS devices.
`The backhaul network can effected by way of WLAN, BPL,
`and/or wired Ethernet connections, for instance, between the
`fBSs. Alternatively, or in addition, fBS devices can be inter
`connected by cellular transmission over universal mobile
`telecommunication system (UMTS) time division domain
`(TDD) transmissions, or wireless fidelity (WiFi) over UMTS
`TDD components, or combinations of the foregoing or of like
`wired or wireless communication mechanisms. A backhaul
`fBS network can also be a mesh network (e.g., enabling
`multiple hops from fBS devices, as described in more detail
`herein, see the discussion with respect to FIG. 1, infra).
`As described, an fBS network can provide flexible back
`haul routes to a core cellular network. Particularly, fBS
`devices can receive cellular traffic from one or more mobile
`devices, and forward the traffic via the fBS network to an IP
`
`Petitioners' Ex. 1021, Page 17 of 29
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. et al. v. BillJCo, LLC
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`7
`connection affiliated with each mobile device. An IP server
`(e.g., DSL server, cable IP server, and so on) can then route
`the traffic to a cellular network by way of a data network such
`as the Internet, or a direct connection with the cellular net
`work. As a result, multiple fBSS can maintain concurrent data
`links with one or more mobile devices, enabling device HOs.
`A cluster of fBSs can therefore provide multi-base station
`transmission characteristics (e.g., by minimizing interference
`and transmission power of devices) while adhering to con
`Sumer desires to have only permitted traffic be routed over
`their IP connection.
`In addition to the foregoing, compensation can