US009549426B2
`
`a2) United States Patent
`US 9,549,426 B2
`(0) Patent No.:
`Jan. 17, 2017
`(45) Date of Patent:
`Mancevskaet al.
`
`(54) METHOD AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
`NODE FOR CONTROLLING AN ATTACH
`STATE OF A USER EQUIPMENT
`
`(71) Applicants: Koninklijke KPN N.V., The Hague
`(NL); Nederlandse Organisatie voor
`Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk
`Onderzoek TNO, s-Gravenhage (NL)
`
`(52) U.S. Cl.
`CPC wee HO4W 76/022 (2013.01); HO4W 4/005
`(2013.01); HO4W 8/12 (2013.01); HO4W
`12/06 (2013.01)
`
`(58) Field of Classification Search
`CPC o.... HO04W 4/005; HO4W 8/12; HO4W 12/06;
`HO4W 76/022
`
`(Continued)
`
`(72)
`
`Inventors: Elena Mancevska, Voorburg (NL);
`Maurice Hiep, Wassenaar (NL);
`Annemieke Kips, Leiden (NL)
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`(73) Assignees: Koninklijke KPN N.V., The Hague
`(NL); Nederlandse Organisatie voor
`Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk
`Onderzoek TNO, ’s-Gravenhage (NL)
`
`2012/0155391 Al
`2012/0209978 Al
`2013/0083765 Al*
`
`6/2012 Kim etal.
`8/2012 Choet al.
`42013 Ad cccccceteteereees HO04W 4/005
`370/329
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`(*) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`EP
`WO
`
`2568761 Al
`2007/076881 Al
`
`3/2013
`7/2007
`
`(21) Appl. No.:
`
` 14/905,143
`
`(22) PCT Filed:
`
`Jul. 15, 2014
`
`(86) PCT No.:
`
`PCT/EP2014/065071
`
`§ 371 (€)(),
`(2) Date:
`
`Jan. 14, 2016
`
`(87) PCT Pub. No.: WO2015/007699
`
`PCT Pub. Date: Jan. 22, 2015
`
`(65)
`
`(30)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2016/0150578 Al
`
`May 26, 2016
`
`Foreign Application Priority Data
`
`Jul. 15, 2013)
`
`(EP) we ceecneeeceesenees 13176452
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.
`HO04W 4/00
`HO04W 76/02
`
`(2009.01)
`(2009.01)
`(Continued)
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion, PCT Inter-
`national Application No. PCT/EP2014/065071, dated Oct. 14, 2014.
`(Continued)
`
`Primary Examiner — Charles Shedrick
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — McDonnell Boehnen
`Hulbert & Berghoff LLP
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`The invention relates to a method and telecommunications
`nodefor controlling an attach state of a user equipment in an
`attach control node of a telecommunications system further
`comprising a subscriber database containing subscription
`data of the user equipment. The method comprises receiving
`authentication data in the attach control node if an authen-
`tication step is required. Following the authentication step,
`if any, receiving in a first
`transfer stage a first set of
`subscription data from the subscriber database and storing
`the first set of subscription data in the attach control node,
`wherein the first set of subscription data is insufficient for
`(Continued)
`
`i
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`ERICSSON EXHIBIT 1001, Page 1
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`US 9,549,426 B2
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`enabling establishing a communication session between the
`user equipment and the telecommunications system. If
`establishing a communication session is required between
`the user equipment and the telecommunications network,
`receiving in a second transfer stage following the first
`transfer stage a second set of subscription data from the
`subscriber database in the attach control node, and storing
`the secondset of subscription datain the attach control node,
`wherein the combination ofthe first set of subscription data
`and the second set of subscription data is sufficient for
`enabling establishing a communication session between the
`user equipment and the telecommunications network.
`
`17 Claims, 24 Drawing Sheets
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.
`(2009.01)
`HOAW 8/12
`(2009.01)
`HO4AW 12/06
`(58) Field of Classification Search
`USPC iceccseseesscrssenseececeneeenees 455/422.1; 370/329
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`European Search Report, European Patent Application No.
`13176452.4, dated Dec. 17, 2013.
`
`* cited by examiner
`
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`ERICSSON EXHIBIT 1001, Page 23
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`U.S. Patent
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`Jan. 17, 2017
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`US 9,549,426 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`U.S. Patent
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`Jan. 17, 2017
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`Sheet 24 of 24
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`US 9,549,426 B2
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`US 9,549,426 B2
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`1
`METHOD AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
`NODE FOR CONTROLLING AN ATTACH
`
`STATE OF A USER EQUIPMENT
`
`CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`
`The present application is a national stage entry of, and
`claims priority to, PCT/EP2014/065071, filed on Jul. 15,
`2014, which claimspriority to European Patent Application
`EP 13176452.4, filed in the European Patent Office on Jul.
`15, 2013, both of which are hereby incorporated in their
`entirety herein by reference.
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`The disclosure relates to a method and a telecommunica-
`
`tions node for transferring subscription data in a telecom-
`munications system. Morespecifically, the disclosure relates
`to controlling the exchange subscription data in a system
`comprising a subscriber database and an attach control node
`to which user equipment may connect.
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`that provide wireless
`Telecommunications networks
`access (e.g. GSM, UMTS, WiMax, LTE) have developed
`tremendously over the past years. In such networks, voice
`and data services can be provided to user equipment having
`a high mobility,
`i.e.
`the communication devices are not
`bound to a particular location and are freely movable
`through the area covered by the network. A gateway node of
`the telecommunications network enables connection to a
`further network, for example a network based on IP such as
`the internet.
`
`The availability of such a telecommunications network
`connectedto the further network has resulted in demands for
`
`further services, including services that relate to so-called
`machine-to-machine (M2M) communications, also referred
`to as machine-type communications (MTC). The service
`requirements for MTC are currently being standardized in
`3GPP (see e.g. TS 22.368). MTC applications typically
`involve hundreds, thousands or millions of user equipment
`(MTC devices) which each act as a user equipment to the
`telecommunication network. Such MTC devices may be
`stationary or non-stationary. An example involvesthe elec-
`tronic reading of e.g. ‘smart’ electricity meters at the homes
`of a large customer base over the telecommunications net-
`work from a server connected to a further network. Other
`
`include sensors, meters, vending or coffee
`examples
`machines, car meters for route pricing applications, naviga-
`tion equipmentetc. that can be equipped with communica-
`tion modules that allow exchanging information with other
`equipment, such as a data processing centre over the tele-
`communications network.
`
`An important dimensioning parameter for control plane
`nodes in the wireless telecommunications networks is the
`number of simultaneously attached/registered user equip-
`ment.
`
`Since MTC typically involves a very large number of
`MITCdevices that send/receive only a low amount of user
`plane data, the use of control plane resources needed for
`these MTC devices is high compared to the user plane data
`that is normally the basis for pricing. The absorbed capacity
`and costs associated with large numbers of MTC devicesare
`therefore high compared to the actual use and turnover.
`
`2
`Solutions to mitigate the burden of keeping high amounts of
`MITCdevices registered in the network would be beneficial.
`Theissue of registering large numbers of MTC devices in
`the telecommunications network has been recognized and
`discussed in various 3GPP working groups. In a potential
`solution described in 3GPP TR 23.888, an MTC device
`would not be registered in the telecommunications network
`whenit does not communicate. The MTC device will attach
`
`and connect to the network when triggered from the net-
`work. The trigger involves enabling the MTC device to
`listen to a broadcast channel(e.g. a cell broadcast channel)
`while not being attached to the network. Triggers to the
`MITCdevice to establish communication are broadcasted
`over the broadcast channel. The MTC device(s) for which
`the broadcasted message/trigger is intended is (are) config-
`ured to recognize the message.
`In this way, network
`resources associated with registering a large number of
`MITCdevices in the network are saved.
`However, non-registration of the MTC devices in the
`telecommunications network may be disadvantageous in
`certain cases. For example, the transmission ofa cell broad-
`cast signal may be inefficient if only a limited number of
`MITCdevices are distributed over a large numberofcells of
`the network and broadcast resources are wasted in view of
`
`the limited number of MTC devices to be triggered.
`
`SUMMARY
`
`is desirable to provide an
`it
`In view of the above,
`improved method and telecommunications node for trans-
`ferring subscription data over a network that takes account
`of the issues identified above.
`To that end, a method for controlling an attach state of a
`user equipment in an attach control node of a telecommu-
`nications system further comprising a subscriber database
`containing subscription data of the user equipmentis dis-
`closed. If an authentication step is required,
`the attach
`control node receives authentication data. If authentication
`
`10
`
`15
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`20
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`25
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`30
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`35
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`40
`
`is performed, the authentication data is normally received
`from an authentication centre AuC or an AAA server. Such
`
`an authentication centre or server may be integrated with the
`subscriber database.
`
`In a first transfer stage step following the authentication
`step, if any, a first set of subscription data is received in the
`attach control node from the subscriber database. Thefirst
`
`45
`
`set of subscription data is stored in the attach control node.
`However,the first set of subscription data is insufficient for
`enabling establishing a communication session between the
`user equipment and the telecommunications system. The
`first transfer stage step may be triggered by receiving an
`attach request from the user equipmentat the attach control
`node.
`
`for
`insufficient
`Since the first set of subscription is
`enabling establishing a communication session between the
`user equipment and the telecommunications network, if
`establishing a communication session is required, at least
`one second set of subscription data is received from the
`subscriber database in the attach control node during a
`second transfer stage step. The secondtransfer stage step is
`performedafter thefirst transfer stage step. The second set
`of subscription data is stored in the attach control node. The
`combination of the first set of subscription data and the
`second set of subscription data is sufficient for enabling
`establishing a communication session between the user
`equipment and the telecommunications network.
`Moreover, a computer program product implemented on
`a computer-readable non-transitory storage medium is dis-
`
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`US 9,549,426 B2
`
`3
`closed, the computer program product being configured for,
`when run on a computer, executing the method steps dis-
`closed herein.
`
`Still further, a telecommunications node configured for
`use in a telecommunications system comprising a subscriber
`database containing subscription data of a user equipmentis
`disclosed. The telecommunications node is configured for
`receiving authentication data, if an authentication step is
`required, in the attach control node. The telecommunications
`node is also configured for, following the authentication
`step, if any, a first set of subscription data from the sub-
`scriber database in a first transfer stage step and storing the
`first set of subscription data. Thefirst set of subscription data
`is insufficient for enabling establishing a communication
`session between the user equipment and the telecommuni-
`cations system. The attach control node may be configured
`to initiate the first transfer stage step in response to receiving
`an attach request from the user equipment at the attach
`control node.
`
`required
`If establishing a communication session is
`between the user equipment and the telecommunications
`network,
`the telecommunications node is configured for
`receiving in a second transfer stage, following the first
`transfer stage, at least one second set of subscription data
`from the subscriber database and storing the second set of
`subscription data in the attach control node. The combina-
`tion ofthefirst set of subscription data and the secondset of
`subscription data is sufficient for enabling establishing a
`communication session between the user equipment and the
`telecommunications network.
`
`Finally, a user equipmentis disclosed that is configured
`for use with the telecommunications node as describedin the
`previous paragraph. The user equipment is configured for
`receiving and processing atleast one of a partial subscription
`data transfer indication indicative of storing only thefirst set
`of subscription data in the telecommunications node and,if
`the user equipment
`is an LTE type user equipment, a
`non-bearer establishment indication indicative of omitting
`establishmentof a default bearer on a radio path between the
`LTEtype user equipment and the telecommunications node
`prior to initiation of the second stage being insufficient for
`enabling establishment.
`It is noted that the first transfer stage and the second
`transfer stage for the subscription data may be distinguished
`by different transaction identifiers.
`Byonly storing in the attach control nodethefirst set of
`subscription data and omitting storing at least part of the set
`of subscription data required for establishing a communica-
`tion session, a partial attach state is obtained for the user
`equipment in the telecommunications network. The partial
`attach state is defined by the content of the first set of
`subscription data. The storage of the first set of subscriber
`data in the attach node provides information aboutthe cells
`where the user devices are positioned, viz. those cells for
`which the particular attach node is responsible. However,
`since the first set of subscriber data is not the complete set
`of subscriber data required for enabling the full attach of the
`user equipmentto the telecommunications system, resources
`are saved in the attach control node. This disclosed solution
`
`provides for a good balance between a better awareness in
`the network ofthe cell location of the user equipment and
`the saving of resources in the attach node.
`Bydefining the content of the first set of subscriber data,
`(other) benefits associated with having the defined content of
`the first set of subscriber data available in the attach control
`node are obtained. For example, the content of the first set
`of subscriber data may comprise a parameter known as the
`
`4
`network access mode. The NAMis e.g. defined in 3GPP TS
`23.008. The NAM defines if the subscriber is registered to
`get access to the CS (non-GPRS/EPS network), to the PS
`(GPRS/EPS) network or to both networks. The NAM is
`permanent subscriber data stored in the HSS/HLR. By
`storing the NAM inthe attach control node in responseto the
`attach request, the attach control node is informed to which
`network the MTC device gets access to.
`Examples of subscription data fields of the second set
`include atleast one of the fields APN-OI Replacement, ODB
`for PS parameters, VPLMN LIPA Allowed Subscribed UE-
`AMBR and the APN configurations listed in 3GPP TS
`23.060, V. 11.3.0 in table 5 of Clause 13.1. 3GPP TS 23.060
`is for 2G/3G Packet Switched, the equivalent for LTE (HSS)
`is 3GPP TS 23.401, V.12.0.0 table 5.7.1-1.
`Another advantageouseffect of the disclosed method and
`telecommunications node is that the network operator is in
`control whether or not to allow a communication session
`with the user equipment. Only whenthe at least one second
`set of subscriber data is available at the attach control node,
`a request by the user equipment for a communication session
`can be allowed. By informing the user equipment of the
`partial attach state,
`the user equipment may even be
`instructed not to send such a request during the partial attach
`state.
`
`It should be appreciated that the first and the at least one
`second set of subscription data may be predefined in
`advance or be selected upon transferring the subscription
`data to the attach control node or storing the subscription
`data in the attach control node, e.g. depending on a condi-
`tion.
`
`The term subscriber data is used to designate all infor-
`mation associated with a subscription which is required for
`service provisions,
`identification, routing, communication
`session handling, GPRS mode transmission, charging, sub-
`scriber tracing, operation and maintenance purposes. Some
`subscriber data are referred to as permanent subscriberdata,
`ie.
`they can only be changed by administration means.
`Other data are temporary subscriber data which may change
`as a result of normal operation of the system. It
`is not
`necessary or required that all subscriber data are transferred
`to the attach control node.
`
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`It should be appreciated that the communication session
`maybe either a data session or a session involving estab-
`lishment of a voice channel.
`
`45
`
`It should also be appreciated that some subscription data,
`such as the IMSIof the user equipment, that play a role in
`the attach control state, is also used during authentication.
`As disclosed, if an authentication step is performed, sub-
`scription data present for authentication purposes in the
`attach control node are not considered to be part of the first
`set of subscription data.
`It should be appreciated that duringthefirst transfer stage,
`all subscriber data may be transmitted in that step from the
`subscription database to the attach control node. The attach
`control node only stores the first set of subscriber data from
`the received subscriber data.
`
`It should be appreciated that the secondtransfer stage not
`necessarily followsthefirst transfer stage, i.e. the second set
`of subscriber data is not stored in the attach control node.
`The user equipment may e.g. transmit a restricted set of data
`by other means, e.g. by using a short message service or
`transmit a restricted set of data via the control plane.
`The establishment of a communication session between
`
`the user equipmentand the telecommunications session may
`comprise establishing a user data plane communication
`session, e.g. a PDP context or an EPS bearer.
`
`ERICSSON EXHIBIT 1001, Page 28
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`US 9,549,426 B2
`
`5
`Finally, it should be appreciated that the term user equip-
`ment in the present disclosure may include devices with or
`without SIM/UICC.
`In an embodimentof the method and telecommunications
`node,alternatives for storingthefirst set of subscription data
`in the attach control node are disclosed.
`In one alternative, a request is transmitted from the attach
`control node to the subscriber database, optionally in
`response to receiving an attach request from the user equip-
`mentat the attach control node, and receiving only the first
`set of subscription data on the basis of a partial transfer
`indication associated with the user equipment in the sub-
`scription database. In this embodiment, the controlof trans-
`mitting only first set of subscription data lies with the system
`containing the subscription database, dependent on theset-
`ting of the partial transfer indication.
`In another alternative, a request is transmitted from the
`attach control node to the subscriber database, the request
`containing a partial transfer indication. The partial transfer
`indication may originate from the attach control node,i.e.
`control of only transmitting the first set of subscriber data
`lies with the attach control node. For example, if the attach
`control node determines that it only has limited resources
`available,
`it may decide to transmit
`the partial
`transfer
`indication to the subscriber database system. In a variant, the
`attach control node receives an attach request from the user
`equipment, wherein the attach request from the user equip-
`ment already contains a partial
`transfer indication. The
`attach control node may either forward the partial transfer
`indication originating from the user equipment or provide
`for an alternative partial transfer indication in response to
`the partial transfer indication received from the user equip-
`ment. In this variant, the user equipment controls the trans-
`mission of only the first set of the subscriber data as may e.g.
`be advantageous for a user equipment not requiring a
`communication session any time soon. The attach control
`node may be configured to overrule the transfer indication of
`the user equipment. In one variant, a partial transfer indi-
`cation may be received from the user equipment, but the
`attach control node may decide that a full attach with all
`subscription data is desired or required. In another variant,
`the attach control node may receive a conventional attach
`request from the user equipment but decide to only allow a
`partial attach (for example because of limited available
`resources) and thus transmit a request with a partial transfer
`indication to the subscriber database.
`Yet another alternative comprises receiving a complete set
`of subscriber data from the subscriber database and storing
`only a first set of subscriber data from the received sub-
`scriber data in responseto a partial attach state indication in
`the attach control node. In this alternative, the decision to
`store only thefirst set of subscriber data lies with the attach
`control node as well.
`In another embodiment, the transfer of the at least one
`second set of subscription data is stored in the attach control
`node as a result of fulfillment of a precondition.
`In one alternative, the second set of subscription data is
`stored in response to a data availability indication in the
`telecommunications system indicating the availability of
`data for the user equipment. In this alternative, the at least
`one secondset of subscription data is transmitted when data
`is to be sent to the user equipment, so that the communica-
`tion session relevant subscription data need to be with the
`attach control node.
`
`In anotheralternative, the second set of subscription data
`maybe desired with the attach control node in response to
`a resource availability indication received from the attach
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`6
`the subscription database indicating the
`control node at
`availability of resources for containing the second set of
`subscription data in the attach control node. In this case, a
`communication session may be established more quickly.
`In yet another alternative, the second set of subscription
`data may be stored with the attach control node at a
`predefined time or within a predefined time interval. This
`case is advantageous if information is available within the
`telecommunications system when a user equipment desires
`to establish a connection with the telecommunications sys-
`tem. Such information may e.g. be available from a contract
`between the operator of the telecommunications system and
`the operator of the user equipment. As an example, such a
`contract may determinethe time at which orthe time interval
`during which the user equipment will or is allowed to
`transmit data.
`In an embodiment of the method and telecommunications
`
`node, the at least one second set of subscription data from
`the combination of the first and second set of subscription
`data is deleted after a precondition has been fulfilled. The
`first set of subscription data may remain in the attach control
`node. The precondition mayrelate to the expiry of a timer,
`the detection of the end of the communication session for the
`user equipment and/or to the detection of limited availability
`of (free) resources in the attach control node.
`Resources may also be saved on the radio path between
`the user equipment and the telecommunications system,
`particularly for LTE telecommunications system.Prior to the
`initiation of the second transfer stage, establishment of a
`default bearer is omitted. The default bearer may be estab-
`lished after initiation of the second transfer stage since the
`transfer of the second set of subscription data may be
`initiated in order to transfer data to or from the user
`
`equipment, requiring the presence of the default bearer. The
`user equipment may be informed of the non-establishment
`of the default bearer (either explicit or implicit) and should
`be configured not to process the lack of a default bearer as
`an unsuccessful attach.
`
`the invention relates to all possible
`is noted that
`It
`combinations of features recited in the claims. Thus, all
`features and advantagesofthe