I 1111111111111111 11111 1111111111 1111111111 11111 1111111111111111 IIII IIII IIII
`US008421574B2
`
`c12) United States Patent
`Suzuki et al.
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 8,421,574 B2
`Apr. 16, 2013
`
`(54)
`
`(75)
`
`CONTACTLESS POWER TRANSMISSION
`APPARATUS AND A METHOD OF
`MANUFACTURING A SECONDARY SIDE
`THEREOF
`
`Inventors: Masayuki Suzuki, Otsu (JP); Hiroyasu
`Kitamura, Hirakata (JP); Satoru
`Inakagata, Nara (JP); Atsushi Isaka,
`Hikone (JP); Tatsuhiko Keishu, Hikone
`(JP)
`
`(73) Assignee: Panasonic Corporation, Osaka (JP)
`
`( *) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by O days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.:
`
`12/665,025
`
`(22) PCT Filed:
`
`Jun.12,2008
`
`(86) PCT No.:
`
`PCT I JP2008/060779
`
`§ 371 (c)(l),
`(2), ( 4) Date: Dec.16, 2009
`
`(87) PCT Pub. No.: WO2008/156025
`PCT Pub. Date: Dec. 24, 2008
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2010/0181842Al
`
`Jul. 22, 2010
`
`(30)
`
`Foreign Application Priority Data
`
`Jun.20,2007
`Jun.20,2007
`
`(JP) ................................. 2007-163051
`(JP) ................................. 2007-163058
`
`(51)
`
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`
`Int. Cl.
`H0JF 5100
`H0JF 27128
`H0JF 27124
`(52) U.S. Cl.
`USPC ............................ 336/200; 336/232; 336/233
`(58) Field of Classification Search .................. 336/200,
`336/232, 233
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`3,594,672 A * 7/1971 Frenkel ......................... 336/132
`3,676,814 A * 7/1972 Trunzo et al. ................. 336/205
`(Continued)
`
`JP
`JP
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`62-36512 U
`3/1987
`3-232207 A
`10/1991
`(Continued)
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`International Search Report for the Application No. PCT/JP2008/
`060779 mailed Jul. 15, 2008.
`
`(Continued)
`
`Primary Examiner - Mohamad Musleh
`Assistant Examiner - Tsz Chan
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm -McDermott Will & Emery
`LLP
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`According to a first aspect, a secondary side of contactless
`power transmission apparatus includes: a holding member
`which is physically separated from a primary side; a magnetic
`layer; a shield layer for shielding electromagnetic noise; and
`a heat insulation layer. The secondary coil is a planar coil and
`supported by the holding member, and at least the magnetic
`layer is laminated on one side of the planar coil and unified
`with the planar coil. According to a second aspect, the sec(cid:173)
`ondary side of the apparatus includes a plurality of magnetic
`layers. Each permeability of the magnetic layers is different
`from each other, and each of the magnetic layers forms a
`magnetic path with the primary side.
`
`20 Claims, 12 Drawing Sheets
`
`15
`
`: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -..... --~ 162 17
`152
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 1 of 21
`
`

`

`US 8,421,574 B2
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`4,496,896 A *
`1/1985 Melocik et al ................ 320/108
`4,543,553 A *
`9/ 1985 Mandai et al. .................. 336/83
`5,062,197 A *
`1111991 Charles ........................... 29/606
`3/ 1993 Mizuta
`5,198,647 A
`5,430,424 A *
`7/1995 Sato et al. ..................... 336/200
`5,500,632 A *
`3/1996 Raiser, III ..................... 336/180
`6,008,622 A *
`12/1999 Nakawatase .................. 320/108
`6,265,789 Bl *
`7/2001 Honda et al. .................... 307 /33
`6,603,382 Bl *
`8/2003 Kornai et al.
`................. 336/200
`7,042,325 B2 *
`5/2006 Giandalia et al. ............. 336/200
`2003/0020583 Al*
`1/2003 Hui et al ....................... 336/200
`2005/0007296 Al*
`1/2005 Endo et al. .................... 343/895
`2006/0266435 Al *
`11/2006 Yang et al.
`148/105
`2007/0001921 Al*
`1/2007 Takahashi et al. ............ 343/788
`2007 /0030659 Al *
`2/2007 Suzuki et al. ................. 361/793
`2007 /0090790 Al *
`4/2007 Hui ............................... 320/108
`2007/0103952 Al*
`5/2007 Sakai et al .................... 363/171
`
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`
`2000-90221 A
`2000-252143 A
`2000269059 A *
`2000-340440 A
`2003-68544 A
`2003-173921 A
`2003-244855 A
`2003-272938 A
`2004-47701 A
`2006-311712 A
`2006-314181 A
`2006-353094 A
`
`3/2000
`9/2000
`9/2000
`12/2000
`3/2003
`6/2003
`8/2003
`9/2003
`2/2004
`11/2006
`11/2006
`12/2006
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Notification of Reasons for Refusal for Application No. 2007-163058
`from Japan Patent Office mailed Mar. 29, 2011.
`
`JP
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`8-79976 A
`3/1996
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 2 of 21
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 16, 2013
`
`Sheet 1 of 12
`
`US 8,421,574 B2
`
`FIG. 1A
`
`15
`
`. . . _______ ___,
`~--······················ ·--~
`·------~
`.
`
`110
`
`121
`
`10
`
`FIG. 1 B
`
`17
`
`152
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 3 of 21
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 16, 2013
`
`Sheet 2 of 12
`
`US 8,421,574 B2
`
`FIG.2
`
`1
`
`11
`120
`112 113
`~-- --- _______ [ ________ ~
`(
`115
`1
`I
`I
`I
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`16
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`161
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`53
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`
`INDICATOR
`
`CONTROLLER
`
`-------- ---------- -------
`114
`111
`
`FIG. 3
`
`162
`
`152
`
`170
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 4 of 21
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 16, 2013
`
`Sheet 3 of 12
`
`US 8,421,574 B2
`
`FIG. 4A
`
`FIG. 48
`
`170
`
`170
`I
`
`FIG.4C
`
`170
`
`I-
`:z
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`c:..,
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`0.70
`
`0.68
`
`0.66
`
`0.64
`
`0.62
`
`0.60
`
`0.58
`
`0.56
`
`0.54
`
`0.52
`
`0.50
`
`FIG. 5
`
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`I
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`....
`-
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`A B
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`1000
`
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`2000
`
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`3000
`
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`
`5000
`
`4000
`RELATIVE
`PERMEABILITY
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 5 of 21
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 16, 2013
`
`Sheet 4 of 12
`
`US 8,421,574 B2
`
`FIG. 6A Y2&ii-tii~:~-~~-~.E~.:;
`
`171b
`
`l
`171a
`
`171b
`
`171
`.-•.) ___ -171 c
`FIG. 68 ~ -
`1
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`/71
`
`171b
`
`171b
`
`FIG. 6c
`
`170
`~--.:.:::.,:...:.C·_ . . : ,~ 1 7 1 d
`mllID·t··.·.·.·.·.~
`171a
`
`FIG. 6D
`
`FIG. 6E
`
`171
`170
`/
`(". •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• • _i_. ~ - J - 1 7 1 C
`arn:nJ
`
`56±&6· ·1
`
`171e
`171e
`171
`· · · · · · · · · ·r- · · · · •· · · · · ·.·-r · · · · · · · · · 110
`\
`171 a
`
`! aiB±R
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 6 of 21
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 16, 2013
`
`Sheet 5 of 12
`
`US 8,421,574 B2
`
`17
`
`FIG. 7A
`
`172b
`
`173 172 171
`
`17
`
`172c
`
`FIG. 78
`
`152
`
`171d
`
`173 172 171
`
`170
`
`152
`
`171a
`
`FIG. 7C
`
`17
`
`171 C
`
`173 172 171
`
`152
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 7 of 21
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 16, 2013
`
`Sheet 6 of 12
`
`US 8,421,574 B2
`
`171A
`FIG. 9
`
`162
`
`17
`
`173
`172
`171
`170
`
`FIG. 10
`
`152 174
`
`15
`
`151
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 8 of 21
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 16, 2013
`
`Sheet 7 of 12
`
`US 8,421,574 B2
`
`FIG. 11
`
`162
`
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`'-.I....._ ... ,.\ .ii
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`,, •• , •• ~•Hrr••····••Hrr••······"~·····••11H••········••H(cid:141)(cid:141)
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`(cid:141) H•H(cid:141)(cid:141)··•·•
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`HMH(cid:141) tllet,
`·······~•Ht••····· (cid:141) •H(cid:141) ••·····•Hw••········M• (cid:141) ······4·H•H(cid:141)·····•
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`
`17
`
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`
`FIG. 12
`
`15
`
`151 162
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 9 of 21
`
`(cid:141)
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 16, 2013
`
`Sheet 8 of 12
`
`US 8,421,574 B2
`
`FIG. 13
`
`162
`.. -"
`
`)7
`
`\
`152 170
`
`'
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 10 of 21
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 16, 2013
`
`Sheet 9 of 12
`
`US 8,421,574 B2
`
`FIG. 14A
`171
`I I~
`I
`rn1 ...._____. iCf.JJJJJi_110
`
`FIG. 148
`
`170
`
`FIG. 15A
`112
`I
`------.II 1~1 ___ 7----J
`~--~, .__I _ _,II.-___ _,y111
`
`=----110
`
`172
`
`=
`FIG. 158
`~ II~__,/ I ~ 171
`1~ 1 7 0
`tx:a:::c:aJI
`FIG. 16
`
`170
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 11 of 21
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 16, 2013
`
`Sheet 10 of 12
`
`US 8,421,574 B2
`
`16
`
`-
`
`'
`' I
`l
`i
`t
`
`)... _____ , ---~--l
`'
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 12 of 21
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 16, 2013
`
`Sheet 11 of 12
`
`US 8,421,574 B2
`
`FIG. 19
`...------------_.,--121L
`I
`r--------- >-------------,r-----------<-------~
`I
`11
`---------,11~---------~-------,
`e-----(cid:157)
`r---->--------,
`r-------......::: -----,
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`r----(cid:157)------,
`
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`I
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`
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`120
`
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`
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`
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`
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`
`150
`
`153
`
`170 171H 171L
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 13 of 21
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 16, 2013
`
`Sheet 12 of 12
`
`US 8,421,574 B2
`
`FIG.21
`
`150
`
`104
`
`10 105
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`
`121l:
`
`153
`
`170 171H 171L
`
`FIG.22A
`
`Ex.1005
`APPLE INC. / Page 14 of 21
`
`

`

`US 8,421,574 B2
`
`1
`CONTACTLESS POWER TRANSMISSION
`APPARATUS AND A METHOD OF
`MANUFACTURING A SECONDARY SIDE
`THEREOF
`
`TECHNICAL FIELD
`
`The invention relates to contactless power transmission
`apparatus capable of transmitting electric power without any
`direct electric connection, and a method of manufacturing a
`secondary side of the apparatus.
`
`BACKGROUND ART
`
`2
`a secondary side, and is configured to transmit electric power
`from a primary side to the secondary side by electromagnetic
`induction between a primary coil and the secondary coil
`(hereinafter referred to as a "first configuration"). The pri-
`5 mary coil is located in the primary side. The secondary side
`further comprises: a holding member which is physically
`separated from the primary side; a magnetic layer; a shield
`layer for shielding electromagnetic noise; and a heat insula(cid:173)
`tion layer. The secondary coil is a planar coil and supported by
`10 the holding member. At least the magnetic layer is laminated
`on one side of the planar coil and unified with the planar coil.
`In the structure, since the magnetic layer is laminated to the
`planar coil, the power transmission efficiency between the
`primary and secondary sides can be enhanced. Since the
`15 secondary side includes the shield layer, the influence of noise
`from the planar coil can be reduced. Since the secondary side
`includes the heat insulation layer, the influence of heat and
`noise from the planar coil can be reduced.
`Preferably, the contactless power transmission apparatus
`20 further comprises a radiation layer located between the hold(cid:173)
`ing member and the planar coil.
`In an embodiment, the magnetic layer is formed to spread
`over a spiral depression on said one side of the planar coil. In
`the structure, magnetic flux density and the power transmis-
`25 sion efficiency can be enhanced.
`Preferably, the magnetic layer is laminated on said one side
`of the planar coil; the shield layer is laminated on the mag(cid:173)
`netic layer; and the heat insulation layer is laminated on the
`shield layer (hereinafter referred to as a "second configura-
`30 tion").
`Preferably, the contactless power transmission apparatus
`further comprises a secondary device which includes the
`secondary side and has a housing. The holding member is a
`part of the housing.
`Preferably, the contactless power transmission apparatus
`further comprises a functional member located in the second(cid:173)
`ary side. The holding member is the functional member.
`In an embodiment, the contactless power transmission
`apparatus further comprises a secondary device including the
`40 secondary side and the holding member. The combination of
`the planar coil and at least the magnetic layer is in the form of
`a card, and can be attached to and detached from the holding
`member. Or the combination of the planar coil, the magnetic
`layer, the shield layer and the heat insulation layer is in the
`45 form of a card, and can be attached to and detached from the
`holding member. In these constructions, the simplicity of
`treatment can be improved.
`A method of manufacturing the second side in the first
`configuration comprises forming the magnetic layer by press-
`50 ing magnetic material made of crystalline metal material or
`non-crystalline metal material. In the method, magnetic flux
`density can be improved.
`A method of manufacturing the second side in the second
`configuration comprises: applying the heat insulation layer to
`55 one side of the shield layer; fixing the heat insulation layer
`and the shield layer by drying; sticking the other side of the
`shield layer and one side of the magnetic layer together; and
`sticking the other side of the magnetic layer and said one side
`of the planar coil together. In the method, the secondary side
`60 can be easily manufactured.
`In a second aspect of the present invention, contactless
`power transmission apparatus comprises a primary coil
`located in a primary side and a secondary coil located in a
`secondary side, and is configured to transmit electric power
`65 from the primary side to the secondary side by electromag(cid:173)
`netic induction between the primary and the secondary coils.
`The primary side further comprises a first holding member
`
`That kind of contactless power transmission apparatus is
`broadly divided into a power transmitter in a primary side and
`a power receiver in a secondary side. The power transmitter
`includes a primary coil and is used for a device such as a
`charger or the like (hereinafter referred to as a "primary
`device"). The power receiver includes a secondary coil and is
`used for a device such as a cordless phone, a shaver, an
`electric toothbrush, a personal digital assistance or the like
`(hereinafter referred to as a "secondary device"). The primary
`and secondary coils constitute a transformer, and electric
`power is transmitted from the primary side to the secondary
`side by electromagnetic induction between the coils. Thus,
`the contactless power transmission apparatus does not have
`any electric contact for transmitting power from the primary
`side to the secondary side. Accordingly, the issue of contact
`degradation is not raised, and it is possible to easily pair the
`primary and secondary devices to transmit power from the
`primary side to the secondary side. In addition, each water(cid:173)
`proof structure of the primary and secondary devices can be
`easily realized.
`Each of the power transmitter and the power receiver fur- 35
`ther has a core or a bobbin (molding) in general, and each coil
`of them is wound around its core or bobbin.
`In recent years, such a secondary device has been espe(cid:173)
`cially required to be miniaturized, thinned and provided with
`high performance. In order to comply with the requirement,
`the secondary coil needs to be thinned. Because of this, a
`planar coil has been proposed for the secondary coil ( e.g.,
`Japanese Patent Application Publication Number 2006-
`311712 published on Nov. 9, 2006). However, the planar coil
`is inferior in magnetic properties to the coil wound around a
`core, and accordingly power in the secondary side is reduced.
`If a magnetic layer is added to the planar coil, the power
`transmission efficiency between the primary and secondary
`sides can be enhanced, but a thin magnetic layer must be
`formed, which becomes a problem.
`Also in order to miniaturize the secondary device, some
`parts in the secondary device are arranged to approach the
`planar coil and the distance among them is shortened.
`Accordingly, if the parts include a weak part in heat and noise,
`e.g., a lithium ion secondary battery or the like, the weak part
`is put under the influence of heat and noise, increased by
`proximity to the planar coil.
`
`DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
`
`It is an object of the present invention to enhance the power
`transmission efficiency between primary and secondary sides
`and also to reduce the influence of noise from a planar coil. It
`is another object of the present invention to reduce the influ(cid:173)
`ence of heat and noise from the planar coil.
`In a first aspect of the present invention, contactless power
`transmission apparatus comprises a secondary coil located in
`
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`3
`which supports the first coil. The secondary side further com(cid:173)
`prises: a second holding member which is physically sepa(cid:173)
`rated from the first holding member and supports the second(cid:173)
`ary coil; and a plurality of magnetic layers. The secondary
`coil is a planar coil. Each permeability of the magnetic layers 5
`is different from each other, and each of the magnetic layers
`forms a magnetic path with the primary side. In the structure,
`the secondary side includes a magnetic layer having high
`permeability and a magnetic layer having low permeability.
`The magnetic layer having high permeability increases the 10
`coupling between the primary and secondary coils. The mag(cid:173)
`netic layer having low permeability enhances the transmis(cid:173)
`sion efficiency of high frequency components from the pri(cid:173)
`mary side to the secondary side, and suppresses noise. The
`high frequency components include higher frequencies than 15
`high switching frequency of power transmission.
`In the second aspect, preferably, the primary side further
`comprises a plurality of magnetic layers. The primary coil is
`a planar coil. Each permeability of the magnetic layers in the
`primary side is different from each other, and each of the 20
`magnetic layers in the primary side forms a magnetic path
`with the secondary side. In the structure, noise to the primary
`side and noise from the primary side to the secondary side can
`be suppressed.
`In an embodiment, the magnetic layers in the secondary 25
`side are a first magnetic layer located on one side of the
`secondary coil, and a second magnetic layer located on this
`first magnetic layer. The other side of the secondary coil faces
`the primary coil, and the permeability of the first magnetic
`layer is higher than that of the second magnetic layer. The 30
`magnetic layers in the primary side may be also formed in the
`same way as those in the secondary side. The embodiment is
`suitable for the transmission efficiency enhancement and
`noise reduction.
`In an embodiment, the area of the second magnetic layer in 35
`the secondary side is larger than that of the first magnetic
`layer in the secondary side. In the structure, noise can be
`further reduced.
`In an embodiment, the second magnetic layer is located in
`the vicinity of a functional device in the secondary side. In the 40
`structure, the noise to the functional device can be reduced.
`In the second aspect, preferably, the contactless power
`transmission apparatus further comprises a coil for data trans(cid:173)
`mission, and a magnetic layer located in the vicinity of the
`coil for data transmission. In the structure, the reliability of 45
`information communication can be enhanced.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be 50
`described in further details. Other features and advantages of
`the present invention will become better understood with
`regard to the following detailed description and accompany(cid:173)
`ing drawings where:
`FIG. lA is a schematic diagram of contactless power trans- 55
`mission apparatus in accordance with a first embodiment of
`the present invention, and FIG. lB is a perspective view of a
`battery cover of a secondary device in the apparatus;
`FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the contactless power trans(cid:173)
`mission apparatus;
`FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the essential parts of the
`secondary device;
`FIGS. 4A-4C are schematic diagrams of different second(cid:173)
`ary coils for the secondary device;
`FIG. 5 illustrates characteristic curves of coupling coeffi(cid:173)
`cients decided by relative permeability and thickness of a
`magnetic layer in the secondary device;
`
`60
`
`US 8,421,574 B2
`
`4
`FIGS. 6A-6E are sectional views of different magnetic
`layers for the secondary device;
`FIGS. 7 A-7C are sectional views of different shield layers
`for the secondary device;
`FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the essential parts of a sec(cid:173)
`ondary device in another example;
`FIG. 9 is a sectional view of the essential parts of a power
`receiver in contactless power transmission apparatus in
`accordance with a second embodiment of the present inven(cid:173)
`tion;
`FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of contactless power trans(cid:173)
`mission apparatus in accordance with a third embodiment of
`the present invention;
`FIG.11 is a sectional view of the essential parts ofa power
`receiver in the apparatus;
`FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of contactless power trans(cid:173)
`mission apparatus in accordance with a fourth embodiment of
`the present invention;
`FIG.13 is a sectional view of the essential parts ofa power
`receiver in the apparatus;
`FIGS. 14A and 14B illustrate the essential parts of a power
`receiver in contactless power transmission apparatus in
`accordance with a fifth embodiment of the present invention;
`FIGS. 15A and 15B illustrate the essential parts of a power
`receiver in an example;
`FIG. 16 illustrates the essential parts of a power receiver in
`an example;
`FIGS. 17 A and 17B illustrate the essential parts of contact(cid:173)
`less power transmission apparatus in accordance with a sixth
`embodiment of the present invention;
`FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram of the apparatus;
`FIG. 19 illustrates magnetic flux in the apparatus;
`FIG. 20 illustrates the essential parts of contactless power
`transmission apparatus in an embodiment;
`FIG. 21 illustrates the essential parts of contactless power
`transmission apparatus in an embodiment; and
`FIGS. 22A and 22B illustrate the essential parts of contact(cid:173)
`less power transmission apparatus in an embodiment.
`
`BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE
`INVENTION
`
`First Embodiment
`
`FIGS. lA, lB and 2 show contactless power transmission
`apparatus 1 in accordance with a first embodiment of the
`present invention. The apparatus 1 is broadly divided into a
`power transmitter 11 in a primary side and a power receiver 16
`in a secondary side. The transmitter 11 and the receiver 16
`include primary and secondary coils 120 and 170 capable of
`electromagnetic coupling, respectively, and are configured to
`transmit electric power from the primary side to the second(cid:173)
`ary side by electromagnetic induction between the primary
`and secondary coils 120 and 170. Accordingly, the transmitter
`11 and the receiver 16 can be separated from each other. The
`transmitter 11 and the receiver 16 are, but not limited to, a
`charger 10 (a primary device) and a cell phone 15 (secondary
`device), respectively.
`As shown in FIG. 2, the power transmitter 11 further
`includes a controller 111, a rectifier 112, a ripple filter 113, an
`indicator 114 and an oscillator 115, while the power receiver
`16 further includes a rectifier 161 and a load 162. However,
`not limited to this, the power transmitter 11 may be formed of
`65 at least a primary coil, a controller and an oscillator when a
`direct current source is employed in the place of an alternating
`current source.
`
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`US 8,421,574 B2
`
`5
`Specifically, in the power transmitter 11, the controller 111
`is configured to control the indicator 114 and the oscillator
`115 when it is activated to transmit electric power to the
`power receiver 16. The rectifier 112 is, for example, a full
`wave rectifier and is configured to convert AC (alternating 5
`current) voltage from an input (i.e., an alternating current
`source) into pulsating DC (direct current) voltage to supply
`the pulsating DC voltage to the ripple filter 113. The ripple
`filter 113 is configured to smooth the pulsating DC voltage to
`produce smoothed DC voltage and then to apply the 10
`smoothed DC voltage across the primary coil 120 via the
`oscillator 115. For example, the filter 113 can be formed of an
`inductor and a capacitor (not shown) in the same way as the
`charger of the apparatus described in Japanese Patent Appli- 15
`cation Publication Number 2003-244855
`(hereinafter
`referred to as "conventional apparatus"). That is, the capacitor
`is connected in series with the inductor, while the combina(cid:173)
`tion of the capacitor and the inductor is connected between
`the output terminals of the rectifier 112. The indicator 114 20
`includes, for example, at least one LED (a light emitting
`diode), and is configured to drive the LED in accordance with
`control of the controller 111 in order to show charging con(cid:173)
`dition of the power receiver 16. The oscillator 115 is config(cid:173)
`ured to periodically apply the smoothed DC voltage across 25
`the primary coil 120 in accordance with control of the con(cid:173)
`troller 111. For example, the oscillator 115 can be formed of
`at least one switching device and a diver (not shown) in the
`same way as the charger of the conventional apparatus. The
`switching device is connected in series with the primary coil 30
`120, while the combination of the primary coil 120 and the
`switching device is connected in parallel with the capacitor of
`the ripple filter 113. Specifically, a first end of the primary coil
`120 is connected to the positive terminal of the capacitor of
`the filter 113, and a second terminal of the primary coil 120 is 35
`connected to the negative terminal of the capacitor via the
`switching device. The diver is configured to periodically turn
`the switching device on and off in accordance with control of
`the controller 111. In an example, preferably a snubber circuit
`formed of a capacitor and a resistor is connected in parallel 40
`with the primary coil 120. In an example, the power transmit-
`ter 11 may further include a voltage converter that converts
`the smoothed DC voltage into predetermined DC voltage to
`apply the converted DC voltage across the primary coil 120
`via the oscillator 115.
`In the power receiver 16, for example, the rectifier 161
`includes at least one diode as a half or full wave rectifier, and
`is configured to convert the electric current obtained from the
`secondary coil 170 into a DC current to supply the DC current
`to the load 162. The load 162 is, but not limited to, a secondary
`battery (a battery pack). In an example, the rectifier 161 is
`formed of first and second diodes in the same way as the main
`body of the conventional apparatus. The cathode and anode of
`the first diode are connected to a first end of the secondary coil
`170 and the negative terminal of the secondary battery,
`respectively. The cathode and anode of the second diode are
`connected to the positive terminal of the secondary battery
`and a second end of the secondary coil 170, respectively.
`Polarities of the first and second ends of the secondary coil
`170 correspond to those of the primary coil 120, respectively.
`In this example, whenever the switching device of the trans(cid:173)
`mitter 11 is turned off, a current is supplied from the second(cid:173)
`ary coil 170 to the load 162. In another example, the receiver
`16 may further include a controller configured to connect the
`secondary battery to a power supply, a load and so on of a
`secondary device. The controller can be formed of a switch
`device connected in parallel with the second diode, and a
`
`6
`driver for turning the switch device on and off, like the main
`body of the conventional apparatus.
`The controller 111, rectifier 112, ripple filter 113, indicator
`114 and oscillator 115 are mounted on a printed circuit board,
`which together constitute a printed circuit assembly 110 as
`shown in FIG. lA. The primary coil 120 is included in a
`primary coil block 12 together with a magnetic layer ( or
`magnetic material) 121. On the other hand, the secondary
`battery (battery pack) is put in a battery compartment 151
`inside a housing 150 of the cell phone 15 to be covered with
`a battery cover 152, while the rectifier 161 is mounted on a
`printed circuit board (not shown) put in the housing 150. The
`secondary coil 170 is also included in a secondary coil block
`17 fixed on the inner face of the battery cover 152 ( a holding
`member) which is physically separated from the primary side
`as shown in FIGS. lA and 1B. The printed circuit board, on
`which the rectifier 161 is mounted, has two input terminals
`(not shown) electrically connected to both input terminals of
`the rectifier 161, respectively, and also has two output termi(cid:173)
`nals (not shown) electrically connected to both output termi(cid:173)
`nals of the rectifier 161, respectively. The input terminals of
`the printed circuit board are electrically connected with both
`ends of the secondary coil 170, respectively when the battery
`cover 152 supporting the secondary coil block 17 is attached
`to the housing 150. The output terminals of the printed circuit
`board are electrically connected with both terminals of the
`secondary battery when the secondary battery is put in the
`battery compartment 151.
`As shown in FIG. 3, the secondary coil block 17 in the
`secondary side further includes a magnetic layer 171, a shield
`layer 172 for shielding electromagnetic noise, and a heat
`insulation layer 173, which together are unified with the
`secondary coil 170. That is, the secondary coil 170 is a planar
`coil and the magnetic layer 171 is laminated on at least one
`side (an upper surface) of the secondary coil 170. The shield
`layer 172 is also laminated on at least the upper surface of the
`magnetic layer 171, and the heat insulation layer 173 is lami(cid:173)
`nated on the upper surface of the shield layer 172. Thereby,
`the secondary coil block 17 is formed, and the other side ( an
`lower surface) of the secondary coil 170 in the block 17 is
`stuck on the inner face of the battery cover 152 through
`adhesive. However, not limited to this, in the present inven(cid:173)
`tion, at least the magnetic layer may be laminated on one side
`of the secondary coil and unified with the secondary coil, and
`45 also the secondary coil block may be located at other part of
`the secondary device.
`The secondary coil 170 is a single wire, a stranded wire,
`bundled wires, a self-bonding copper wire, parallel-laid
`multi-wires or the like. The single wire (her