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`Preeeeeery
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`

`

`Merriam(cid:173)
`Webster's
`Collegiate®
`Dictionary
`
`TENTH EDITION
`
`Merriam-Webster, Incorporated
`Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
`
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`

`

`A GENUINE MERRIAM-WEBSTER
`The name Webster alone is no guarantee of excellence. It is used by a
`number of publishers and may serve mainly to mislead an unwary buyer.
`
`Merriam-Websteri» is the name you should look for when you consider
`the purchase of dictionaries or other fine reference books. It carries the
`reputation of a company that has been publishing since 1831 and is your
`assurance of quality and authority.
`
`Copyright © 1999 by Merriam-Webster, Incorporated
`
`Philippines Copyright I 999 by Merriam-Webster, Incorporated
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
`Main entry under title:
`
`Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary. - 10th ed.
`p.
`cm.
`Includes index.
`ISBN 0-87779- 708-0 (unindexed : alk. paper). - ISBN 0-87779-709-9 (indexed :
`alk. paper). - ISBN 0-87779- 710-2 (deluxe indexed : alk. paper). - ISBN
`0-87779-707-2 (laminated cover, unindexed).
`I. Merriam-Webster, Inc.
`I. English language-Dictionaries.
`PE I 628.M36
`1998
`423--<lc21
`
`97-41846
`CIP
`
`Merriam-Webster's Collegiate® Dictionary, Tenth Edition principal copyright 1993
`
`COLLEGIATE is a registered trademark of Merriam-Webster, Incorporated
`
`All rights reserved. No part of this book covered by the copyrights hereon may be
`reproduced or copied in any form or by any means-graphic, electronic, or mechani(cid:173)
`cal, including photocopying, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems(cid:173)
`without written permission of the publisher.
`
`Made in the United States of America
`
`242526WC99
`
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`

`

`chapter • charging
`192
`flaps, and worn over the trousers (as by western ranch
`hands)
`chap-ter \'chap-t;,r\ n [ME chapitre, fr. OF, fr. LL capitu(cid:173)
`lum division of a book & ML, meeting place of canons, fr.
`L, dim. of capit-, caput head - more at HEAD] ( 13c) 1 a
`: a main division of a book b : something resembling a
`chapter in being a significant specified unit (a new ~ in
`my life) 2 a : a regular meeting of the canons of a ca(cid:173)
`thedral or collegiate church or of the members of a reli(cid:173)
`gious house b : the body of canons of a cathedral or
`collegiate church 3 : a local branch of an organization
`chapter and verse n ( I 628) 1 : the exact reference or
`source of information or justification for an assertion
`(clinched their arguments by citing chapter and verse -J.
`M. Burns) 2 : full precise information or detail (can give
`chapter and verse on the effects of diverting defense spend(cid:173)
`ing -Horace Sutton) - chapter and verse adv
`•char Vcharv n. pl char or chars [origin unknown] (1662)
`: any of a genus (Salvelinus) of small-scaled trouts with
`light-colored spots
`chaps
`2char vb charred; char-ring [charcoal] vt (I 679) 1 : to
`burn slightly or partly : SCORCH (the fire charred the beams) ~ vi : to
`convert to charcoal or carbon usu. by heat : BURN 2 : to
`become charred
`3char ·n (1879): a charred substance: CHARCOAL; specif: a combustible
`residue remaining after the destructive distillation of coal
`•char vi charred; char-ring [charwoman] ( 1732) : to work as a clean(cid:173)
`ing woman
`5char n [by shortening] ( 1906) Brit: CHARWOMAN
`char-a-bane \'shar-:>-,ba,;J, -,baQ\ n [F char a banes, lit., wagon with
`benches] (1914) Brit: a sight-seeing motor coach
`char-a-cln \'kar-;,-s;,n\ n [ultim. fr. Gk charak-, charax pointed stake, a
`fish] (1882) : any of a family (Characidae) of usu. small brightly col(cid:173)
`ored tropical freshwater fishes that includes many aquarium fishes -
`characin adj
`1char-ac0ter \'kar-ik-t;,r\ n [ME caracter, fr. MF caractere, fr. L charac(cid:173)
`ter mark, distinctive quality, fr. Gk charakter, fr. charassein to scratch,
`engrave; perh. akin to Lith ieyti to scratch] ( 14c) 1 a: a convention(cid:173)
`alized graphic device placed on an object as an indication of ownership,
`origin, or relationship b : a graphic symbol (as a hieroglyph or alpha(cid:173)
`bet letter) used in writing or printing c : a magical or astrological
`emblem d : ALPHABET e (I) : WRITING. PRINTING (2) : style of writ(cid:173)
`ing or printing (3) : CIPHER f: a symbol (as a letter or number) that
`represents information; also: a representation of such a character that
`may be accepted by a computer 2 a : one of the attributes or fea(cid:173)
`tures that make up and distinguish an individual b (I) : a feature
`used to separate distinguishable things into categories; also : a group
`or kind so separated (advertising of a very primitive ~>
`(2) : the
`detectable expression of the action of a gene or group of genes (3)
`: the aggregate of distinctive qualities characteristic of a breed, strain,
`or type (a wine of great ~> c : the complex of mental and ethical
`traits marking and often individualizing a person, group, or nation d
`: main or essential nature esp. as strongly marked and serving to dis(cid:173)
`tinguish (excess sewage gradually changed the ~ of the lake) 3 : POSI(cid:173)
`TION, CAPACITY (his ~ as a town official) 4 : REFERENCE 4b S : REPU(cid:173)
`TATION 6 : moral excellence and firmness (a man of sound ~> 7 a
`: a person marked by notable or conspicuous traits (quite a ~> b
`: one of the persons of a drama or novel c : the personality or part
`which an actor recreates d : characterization esp. in drama or fiction
`e : PERSON. INDIVIDUAL (some ~ just stole her purse) 8 : a short liter(cid:173)
`ary sketch of the qualities of a social type syn see DISPOSITION, QUAL(cid:173)
`ITY. TYPE - char-ac-ter-less \-1;,s\ adj - in character : in accord
`with a person's usual qualities or traits - out of character : not in
`accord with a person's usual qualities or traits
`'character vt ( I 591) 1 archaic- : ENG RA VE. INSCRIBE 2 a archaic
`: REPRESENT, PORTRAY b : CHARACTERIZE
`3character adj ( 1893) 1 : capable of portraying an unusual or eccen(cid:173)
`tric personality often markedly different from the player (a ~ actor) 2
`: requiring the qualities of a character actor (a~ role)
`character assassination n ( 1949) : the slandering of a person usu.
`with the intention of destroying public confidence in that person
`char-ac-ter-ful \'kar-ik-t;,r-fol\ adj (1901) 1: markedly expressive of
`character (a ~ face) 2 : marked by character (a ~ decision)
`1char-ac0ter0is-tic \,kar-ik-t:>-'ris-tik\ n (1664) 1 : a distinguishing
`trait, quality, or property 2: the integral part of a common logarithm
`3 : the smallest positive integer n which for an operation in a ring or
`field yields O when any element is used n times with the operation
`'characteristic adj (1665) : revealif!g, <_listinguishi_ng, or typical of an
`individual character - char-ac-ter-Is-tt-cal-ly \-l1-k(;,-)le\ adv
`syn CHARACTERISTIC, INDIVIDUAL, PECULIAR. DISTINCTIVE mean indicat(cid:173)
`ing a special quality or identity. CHARACTERISTIC applies to something
`that distinguishes or identifies a person or thing or class (responded
`with her characteristic wit). INDIVIDUAL stresses qualities that distin(cid:173)
`guish one from all other members of the same kind or class (a highly
`individual writing style). PECULIAR applies to qualities possessed only
`by a particular individual or class or kind and stresses rarity or
`uniqueness (an eccentricity that is peculiar to the British). DISTINCTIVE
`indicates qualities distinguishing and uncommon and often superior
`or praiseworthy (a distinctive aura of grace and elegance).
`characteristic equation n (ca. 1925) : an equation in which the char(cid:173)
`acteristic polynomial of a matrix is set equal to 0
`characteristic polynomial 11 (ca. 1957) : the determinant of a square
`matrix in which an arbitrary variable (as x) is subtracted from each of
`the elements along the principal diagonal
`characteristic root n (ca. 1957) : EIGENVALUE
`characteristic value n (1956) : EIGENVALUE
`characteristic vector n ( 1957) : EIGENVECTOR
`char-ac-ter-Iza-tlon \,kar-ik-t(;,-)r;,-'za-shan\ n ( 1814) : the act of
`characterizing; esp : the artistic representation (as in fiction or drama)
`of human character or motives
`char-ac-ter-ize \'kar-ik-ta-,riz\ vt -ized; -iz-ing (1633) 1 : to de(cid:173)
`scribe the character or quality of (~s him as ambitious) 2 : to be a
`characteristic of: DISTINGUISH (an era characterized by greed)
`char-ac-ter-olog-f-cal \,kar-ik-t(a-)ra-'la-ji-k;,I\ adj [characterology
`
`study of character]_ ( 1916) : of, relating to, or based on. character or the
`study of character including its development and its differences in dif
`ferent individuals - char-ac-ter-olog-I-cal-ly \-'la-ji-k(a-)le\ adv ·
`character witness n (1952) : a person who gives evidence in a le
`action concerning the reputation, conduct, and moral nature of a Par7~
`char-ac-terv \'kar-ik-t(;,-)re, k;,-'rak-\ n, pl -ter-les (1598) : a system
`of written letters or symbols used in the expression of thought
`cha-rade \sha-'rad, -'riid\ n [F, fr. Prov charrado chat, fr. charra Io
`chat, chatter] (1776) 1 : a word represented in riddling verse or by
`picture, tableau, or dramatic action 2 pl : a game in which some of
`the players try to guess a word or phrase from the actions of another
`player who may not speak 3 : an empty or deceptive act or pretense
`(his concern was a ~)
`eha-ras \'char-as\ n [Hindi carasl (ca. 1860): HASHISH
`char-broil \'char-,br6ifo)I\ vt ( I 9"68) : to broil on a rack over hot char.
`coal - char-broil-er \-,br6i-l;,r\ n
`•char-coal \'char-,k61\ n [ME charcole] (14c) 1 : a dark or black Po.
`rous carbon prepared from vegetable or animal substances (as frorn
`wood by charring in a kiln from which air is excluded) 2 a : a piec,
`or pencil of fine charcoal used in drawing b : a charcoal drawing 3
`: a dark gray
`•charcoal vt (1965): CHARBROIL
`char-cu-te-rie \(,)shar-,kii-t;,-'re\ n [F, lit., pork-butcher's shop, fr. MF
`chaircuiterie, fr. chaircutier pork butcher, fr. chair cuite cooked meat}
`(ca. 1858) : a delicatessen specializing in dressed meats and meat
`dishes; also: the products sold in such a shop
`chard \'chard\ n [modif. of F carde, fr. Prov cardo, fr. L carduus thistl,,
`cardoon] (1664): SWISS CHARD
`char-don-nay \,shar-d'n-'a\ n. often cap [F] (ca. 1941) : a dry white
`table wine of Chablis type
`chare \'char, 'cher\ or char \'char\ n [ME char turn, piece of work, fr.
`OE cierr; akin to OE cierran to turn l (bef. 12c) : CHORE
`1charge \ 'charj', n [ME, fr. OF, Ir. chargier] ( 13c) 1 a obs: a material
`load or weight b : a figure borne on a heraldic field 2 a : the quan(cid:173)
`tity that an apparatus is intended to receive and fitted to hold b: a
`store or accumulation of impelling force (the deeply emotional ~ of
`the drama) c : a definite quantity of electricity; esp : an excess or
`deficiency of electrons in a body d : THRILL. KICK (got a ~ out of the
`game) 3 a : OBLIGATION, REQUIREMENT b : MANAGEMENT, SUPERVI(cid:173)
`SION (has ~ of the home office) c : the ecclesiastical jurisdiction (as a
`parish) committed to a clergyman d : a person or thing committed lo
`the care of another 4 a : INSTRUCTION, COMMAND b : instruction in
`points of law given by a court to a jury S a: EXPENSE, COST (gave the
`banquet at his own ~> b : the price demanded for something (no
`admission ~> c : a debit to an account (the purchase was a ~) d
`: the record of a loan (as of a book from a library) e Brit: an interest
`in property granted as security for a loan 6 a: a formal assertion of
`illegality (a ~ of murder) b : a statement of complaint or hostile
`criticism (denied the ~s of nepotism that were leveled against him) 1
`: a violent rush forward (as to attack) - in charge : having control
`or custody of something (he is in charge of the training program)
`'charge vb charged; charg0ing [ME, fr. OF chargier, fr. LL carricare,
`fr. L carrus wheeled vehicle - more at CAR] vi (14c) 1 a archaic: to
`lay or put a load on or in : LOAD b (1) : to place a charge (as of po_w·
`der) in (2): to load or fill to capacity c (I): to restore the acuve
`materials in (a storage battery) by the passage of a direct current
`through in the opposite direction to that of discharge (2) : to give~
`electric charge to (~ a capacitor) d (1) : to assume as a heraldic
`bearing (2) : to place a heraldic bearing on e : to fill or furnish fully
`(the music is charged with excitement) 2 a : to impose a task DI
`responsibility on (~ him with the job of finding a new meeting place))
`b: to command, instruct, or exhort with authority (I~ you not to go
`c of a judge: to give a charge to (a jury) 3 a : to make an assertwn
`against esp. by ascribing guilt or blame (~shim with armed robbery)
`(they were charged as being instigators) b : to place the guilt or blame
`for (~ her failure to negligence) c : to assert as an accusation (~s
`that he distorted the data) 4 a : to bring (a weapon) into position foh
`attack: LEVEL(~ a lance) b: to rush against: ATTACK; also: torus
`into (an opponent) usu. illegally in various sports 5 a (I): to ,m·
`pose a financial burden on (~ his estate with debts incurred) (2): 1)
`impose or record as financial obligation (~ debts to an estate) b) l/0
`: to fix or ask as fee or payment (~s $50 for an office visit) (2 :
`ask payment of (a person) (~ a client for expenses) c : to record (a)
`~ vi 1 : to rush forward in or as if in assault : ATTACK; also :
`item) as an expense, debt, obligation, or liability (charged a new sof(o
`,
`charge an opponent in sports 2 : to ask or set a price (do you ~ fo)
`this service?) 3 : to charge an item to an account (~ now, pay laiet
`syn see COMMAND
`.
`charge-able \'chiir-j;,-b;,I\ adj (14c) I archaic : financially burde~
`some: EXPENSIVE 2: liable to be charged: as a: liable to be accus 01
`or held responsible b : suitable to be charged to a particular acc00
`c: qualified to be made a charge on the county or parish
`8
`charge account 11 (1903) : a customer's account with a creditor (as
`merchant) to which the purchase of goods is charged
`,d
`charge card n ( 1950) : CREDIT CARD
`.
`.
`charge-coupled device n ( I 971) : a semiconductor device that 1s "~n·
`esp. as an optical sensor and that stores charge and transfers it seQU
`tially to an amplifier and detector - called also CCD
`o-
`charged \'chiirjd\ adj ( I 934) 1 : possessing or showing strong•~,.
`tion (attacked the author in a highly~ review) 2 : capable of aro
`d'Jlf'
`ing strong emotion (a politically~ subject)
`char-ge d'af.faires \(,)shar-,zha-d;,-'far, -'fer\ n, pl charges 611
`faires \-,zha-d:>-, -,zhaz-da-\ [F, lit., one charged with affairs] 07do'
`1 : a subordinate diplomat who substitutes for an absent ambaSS8
`0;s·
`or minister 2: a diplomat inferior in rank to an ambassador o~ ,n~d
`ter who heads a mission when no ambassador or minister is assign
`charge0hand \'charj-,hand\ n (1916) Brit: FOREMAN
`--"~
`charge off vt (ca. 1923) : to treat as a loss or expense - chargr~
`di'
`\'charj-,6f\ n
`charge of quarters (ca. 1918) : an enlisted man designated to h•0
`administrative matters in his unit esp. after duty hours - abbr. ChQ ,gel
`1char0ger \'char-j;,r\ n [ME chargeour; akin to ME chargen to c •
`(14c): a large flat dish or platter
`01d·
`2charg-er n ( 1539) 1 : one that charges; as a : an appliance for h
`
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`1298
`up • upper-class
`(sit ~); esp : out of bed b : upward from the ground or surface (pull
`~ a daisy) c : so as to expose a particular surface 2 : with greater
`intensity (speak ~> 3 a : in or into a better or more advanced state
`b : at an end (your time is ~) c: in or into a state of greater intensity
`or excitement d : in a continual sequence : in continuance from a
`point or to a point (from third grade~> (at prices of $10 and ~) (~
`until now) 4 a ( I) : into existence, evidence, prominence, or preva(cid:173)
`lence (put ~ several new buildings) (2) : into operation or practical
`form b : into consideration or attention (bring ~ for discussion) 5
`: into possession or custody 6 a: ENTIRELY, COMPLETELY (button~
`your coat) b - used as an intensifier (clean ~ the house) 7 : in or
`into storage : BY (Jay ~ supplies) 8 a : so as to arrive or approach
`b : in a direction conventionally the opposite of down: ( I) : to wind(cid:173)
`ward (2) : NORTHWARD (3) : to or at the top (4): to or at the rear
`of a theatrical stage 9 : in or into parts 10 : to a stop - usu. used
`with draw, bring, fetch, or pull 11 : for each side (the score is 15 ~)
`•up adj (bef. 12c) 1 a : risen above the horizon (the sun is ~) b
`: STANDING c : being out of bed d : relatively high (the river is ~)
`(was well ~ in her class) e : being in a raised position : LIFTED (win(cid:173)
`dows are ~) f : being in a state of completion : CONSTRUCTED, BUILT
`g : having the face upward h : mounted on a horse (a new jockey ~>
`i : grown above a surface (the com is~) j (I) : moving, inclining,
`or directed upward (the ~ escalator) (2) : bound in a direction re(cid:173)
`garded as up 2 a (I) : marked by agitation, excitement, or activity
`(2) : positive or upbeat in mood or demeanor b : being above a for(cid:173)
`mer or normal level (as of quantity or intensity) (attendance is~> (the
`wind is ~) c : exerting enough power (as for operation) (sail when
`steam is~) d: READY; specif: highly prepared e: going on: taking
`place (find out what is ~) 3 a : risen from a lower position (men ~
`from the ranks) b : being at the same level or point (did not feel ~ to
`par) c ( I) : well informed : ABREAST ( ~ on the news) (2) : being
`on schedule (~ on his homework) d : being ahead of one's opponent
`4 a : presented for or undergoing consideration (contract~ for nego(cid:173)
`tiation); also : charged before a court (~ for robbery) b : being the
`one whose tum it is (you're ~ next) S of a quark : having an electric
`charge of +2/3, zero charm, and zero strangeness - compare 4DOWN 6
`- up against : confronted with : face-to-face with (the problem we
`are up against) - up to 1 : capable of performing or dealing with
`(feels up to her role) 2 : engaged in (what is he up to) 3 : being the
`responsibility of (it's up to me)
`3up prep (I 509) 1 a - used as a function word to indicate motion to
`or toward or situation at a higher point of (went ~ the stairs) b : up
`into or in the (went ~ attic) 2 e : in a direction regarded as being
`toward or near the upper end or part of (lives a few miles ~ the coast)
`(walked ~ the street) b : toward or near a point closer to the source
`or beginning of (sail ~ the river) 3 : in the direction opposite to
`(sailed ~ the wind)
`•up n (1536) 1 : one in a high or advantageous position 2 : an up(cid:173)
`ward slope 3: a period or state of prosperity or success 4: 3UPPER
`•up vb upped \'apt\ or in vi 2 up; upped; up-ping; ups or in vi 2 up vi
`(1643) 1 a : to rise from a lying or sitting position b : to move
`upward : ASCEND 2 - used with and and another verb to indicate that
`initiated (he ~ and married a showgirl) ~ vi 1 : RAISE. LIFT 2 a
`the action of the following verb was either surprisingly or abruptly
`: to advance to a higher level: (I) : INCREASE (2) : PROMOTE la b
`: RAISE 8d, e
`up-and-eom-Ing \,ap-an(d)-'ka-miu, ,ap-'m-\ adj 0926) : gaining
`prominence and likely to advance or succeed - up-and-com-er
`\-'k:,-mar\ n
`up-and-down \-'daim\ adj (ca. 1755) 1 : marked by alternate up(cid:173)
`ward and downward movement, action, or surface 2: PERPENDICULAR
`up and down adv 02c) 1 : TO AND FRO (paced up and down) 2 : al-
`ternately upward and downward (jump up and down) 3 archaic: here
`and there esp. throughout an area 4 : with regard to every particular
`: THOROUGHLY (knew the territory up and down) - up and down prep
`up-and-up \'ap-an-'ap\ n O 863) : an honest or respectable course -
`used in the phrase on the up-and-up
`Upa•ni•shad \il•'rii-ni-,shiid, yil-'pa-na-,shad\ n [Skt upanisa?J (I 805)
`: one of a class o Vedic treatises dealing with broad philosophic prob(cid:173)
`lems - Upa-ni-shad-lc \(,)il-,pii-ni-'shii-dik, (,)yil-,pa-n:,-'sha-dik\ adj
`upas \'yii-pas\ n [Indonesian Malay pohon upas poison tree] (1783) 1
`: a tall tropical Asian tree <Antiaris toxicaria) of the mulberry family
`with a latex that contains poisonous glucosides used as an arrow poi(cid:173)
`son; also: a poisonous concentrate of the juice or latex of a upas 2 : a
`poisonous or harmful influence or institution
`1up,beat \'ap-,bet\ n 0869) 1: an unaccented beat in a musical mea(cid:173)
`sure; specif: the last beat of the measure 2 : an increase in activity or
`prosperity (business that is on the~)
`'upbeat adj ( 194 7) : CHEERFUL. OYTIMISTIC
`up-bow \'ap-,bo\ n (ca. 1890): a stroke in playing a bowed instrument
`in which the bow is moved across the strings from the tip to the heel
`up-braid \,ap-'brad\ vi [ME upbreyden, fr. OE iipbregdan, prob. fr. iip
`up + bregdan to snatch, move suddenly - more at BRAID] (14c) 1
`: to criticize severely : find fault with 2 : to reproach severely : scold
`vehemently sr_n see SCOLD - up-braid-er n
`up-brfng-Ing \ ap-,briu-iu\ n ( I 520) : early training; esp : a particular
`way of bringing up a child (had a strict~)
`up.build \,ap-'bild\ vi -built \-'bilt\; -build0ing (1513): BUILD UP
`up-cast \ 'ap-,kast\ n (1890) : something cast up
`up-chuck \'ap-,chak\ vb (1936) : VOMIT
`up close adv or adj (I 851) : at close range
`up-coast \'ap-'kost\ adv 0909): up the coast
`up-com-Ing \'a£•,k:>-miu\ adj ( 1944) : FORTHCOMING, APPROACHING
`up-coun-trv \ ap-,kan-tre\ adj ( 1835) : of, relating to, or characteristic
`of an inland, upland, or outlying region - up-country n - up-
`country \'ap-'\ adv
`1up-date \,:,p-'diit\ vi (1910): to bring up to date
`2up-date \':,p-,diit\ n (1965) 1 : an act or instance of updating 2
`: current information for updating something 3 : an up-to-date ver(cid:173)
`sion, account, or report
`up-do \'ap-(,)dil\ n, pl updos [upswept hairdo] (1938) : an upswept
`hairdo
`up,draft \':,p-,draft, -,draft\ n (ca. 1887): an upward movement of gas
`(as air)
`
`up-end \,ap-'end\ vt ( 1823) 1 : to set or stand on end; also: OVtRTUR
`shocker, designed I<_> ~ the credulous matrons -Wolcott Gibbs) •1
`I 2 a : to affect to the point of being upset or flurried (a ... liter N
`: DEFEAT, BEAT ~ VI! to nse on an end
`
`up•field \ 'ap-'fe(a)ld\ adv or adj (ca. 1934) : in or into the part of th
`field toward which the offensive team is headed
`e
`up-front \,ap-'frant, 'ap-,\ adj (1945) : being or coming in or at th
`front: as a (I) : being in a conspicuous or leading position (2~
`: FRANK, FORTHRIGHT b : playing in a front line (as in football)
`: paid or payable in advance
`c
`up front adv (1937) 1 : in or at the front 2 : in advance 3 : in an
`up-front manner: FRANKLY
`'up.grade \':,p-,grad\ n (1873) 1 : an upward grade or slope 2: IN.
`CREASE. RISE 3 : IMPROVEMENT 2b
`'up.grade \'ap-,grad, ,:>p-'\ vt (1901): to raise or improve the grade of·
`as a : to improve (livestock) br use of purebred sires b : to advan.,.;
`to a job requiring a higher )eve of skill esp. as part of a training pro(cid:173)
`gram c: to raise the quality of d: to raise the classification and usu
`the price of without improving the quality e : to extend the uselulnes~
`of (as a device) - up.grad-abJJ.i.ty or up.grade•abiJ.i-ty \,op-,gra(cid:173)
`d:1-'bi-l:1-te\ n - up-grad-able or up-grade-able \,ap-'gra-da-bol\ adj
`up.growth \'ap-,groth\ n (1844) : the process of growing upward: DE(cid:173)
`VELOPMENT; also: a product or result of this
`up-heav-al \,ap-'he-val, (,):,-'pe-\ n ( 1838) 1 : the action or an instance
`of upheaving esp. of part of the earth's crust 2 : extreme agitation or
`up-heave \,ap-'hev, (,):,-'pev\ vt (14c) : to heave up : LIFT ~ vi: to
`disorder : radical change; also : an instance of this
`move upward esp. with power - up-beav-er n
`'DP•hill \ 'ap-,hil\ n (1548) : rising ground : ASCENT
`'up.hill \-'hil\ adv (1607) 1 : upward on a hill or incline 2: against
`difficulties (seemed to be talking~ -Willa Cather)
`•up-hill \-,hi)\ adj (1613) 1: situated on elevated ground 2 a: go(cid:173)
`ing up : ASCENDING b : being the higher one or part esp. of a set; specif
`: being nearer the top of an incline 3 : DIFFICULT, LABORIOUS
`up.bold \(,)ap-'hold\ vt -held \-'held\; -hold•ing (13c) 1 a: to give
`support to b : to support against an opponent 2 a : to keep ele(cid:173)
`vated h : to lift up syn see SUPPORT - up.hold-er n
`up•hol-ster \(,)ap-'hol-star, (,):,-'pol-\ vt -stered; -ster0ing \-st(a-)riu\
`[back-formation fr. upholstery] (1864) : to furnish with or as if with
`upholstery - up0hol0ster-er \-st:>r-:>r\ n
`up•hol•stery \-st(:,-)re\ n, pl -ster•ies [ME upholdester upholsterer, Ir.
`upholden to uphold, fr. up + holden to hold] (1649) : materials (as
`fabric, padding, and springs) used to make a soft covering esp. for a
`seat
`,
`up.keep \ 'ap-,kep\ n (1884) 1 : the act of maintaining in good condi-
`tion : the state of being maintained in good condition 2 : the cost of
`maintaining in good condition
`up,land \ 'ap-1:,nd, -,land\ n ( 1566) 1 : high land esp. at some distance
`from the sea: PLATEAU 2: ground elevated above the lowlands along
`rivers or between hills - upland adj- up.land-er \-lan-dar, -,Ian-\ n
`upland cotton n (1819): a widely cultivated American cotton plant
`(Gossypium hirsutum) having short- to medium-staple fibers
`upland sandpiper n (ca. 1890) : a large No.
`American sandpiper (Bai'tramia longicauda)
`that frequents fields and prairies - called also
`upland plover
`1up•lift \(,)ap-iift\ vi (14c) 1 : to lift up : EL£.
`VATE; esp : to cause (a portion of the earth's
`surface) to rise above adjacent areas 2 : to
`improve the spiritual, social, or intellectual
`2up0lift \':,p-,lift\ n (ca. 1845) 1 : an act, pro(cid:173)
`cess, result, or cause of uplifting: as a (I)
`: the uplifting of a part of the earth's surface
`(2) : an uplifted mass of land b : a bettering of
`a condition esp. spiritually, socially, or intellec(cid:173)
`tually c (I) : influences intended to uplift
`(2) : a social movement to improve esp. morally
`or culturally 2 : a brassiere designed to hold
`I d andpiper
`the breasts up
`up an s
`up•link \'ap-,liJJk\ n (1968) 1 : a cornmunica-
`•ssions
`tions channel for transmissions to a spacecraft; also : the transr:
`themselves 2 : a facility on earth for transmitting to a spacec'j from a
`up.load \(,)ap-ioo, ':ip-,\ vt (1983) : to transfer (information
`microcomputer to a remote computer usu. with a modem
`up-man-ship \'ap-man-,ship\ n (1959): ONE-UPMANSHIP k t adv
`up,mar•ket \':ip-'miir-k:it\ adj ( 1972) : UPSCALE- upmar e
`up.most \ 'ap-,most\ adj ( 1560) : UPPERMOST
`1up-on \:,-'£6n, ·'fiin\ prep 03c) ! ON
`it 2 obs
`2up-on \:,- p6n, - piin\ adv (14c) 1 obs: on the surface: on
`: THEREAYTER, THEREON
`in pbysi-
`.
`'up-per \':,-par\ adj [ME, compar. of 1upi ( 14c) 1 e: ~h~~sippi) 2
`cal position, rank, or order b : farther mland (the ~ . ssi u small•'
`: constituting the branch of a bicameral legislature that is u~r~ditional
`and more restricted in membership and possesses greater relativelY
`prestige than the lower house 3 a : constituting a straturnries of th;
`near the earth's surface b cap : being a later epoch ';J!,1ithic>
`period or system named ( Upper Cretaceous) ( Upper
`oe or t,o0I
`: NORTHERN<~ Manhattan)
`2upper n (1789) : one that is upper: as a : the parts of a speb r 1,erth -
`above the sole b : an upper tooth or denture c : an up
`on one's uppers : in straitened circumstances: DESTITIJTE • Ar,1Pt1~·
`•upper n [up + 2-er] (ca. 1968) 1 : a stimulant drufi esi:,; 0,JiilaJil"
`AMINE 2 : something that induces a state of good fee mg
`. g
`of keeP10
`lion
`.
`1up0per-case \,:,-par-'kas\ adj [fr. the compositor's pra)ctu~APJTAL I
`capital letters in the upper of a pair of type cases] ( 1738 :
`rs
`ital Jet1•a11
`'uppercase n (ca. 1916) : capital letters
`.
`•uppercase vt -cased; -cas•ing ( 1949): to print or_ set ID 'dpusu- sm
`upper case n 0683) : a type case containing capitals an
`r
`capitals, fractions, symbols, and accents
`.
`. of th• uPP"
`upper-class adj (1837) : of, relating to, or charactensuc
`class
`
`condition of ~ vi : RISE- up-lift-er n
`
`Samsung/Dell, Exh. 1028, p. 5
`Samsung/Dell v. MYPAQ, IPR2022-00311
`
`