`
`Microsoft’
`
`Internet& 5 &
`Networking =G=
`Dictionary
`
`
`aE oeMMILALL
`
`Internet terms you need to kn
`
`
`Includes current technologies
`
`ETMIUCRLeem Ce 4)1)
`
`° Lists commonfile extensions,
`Instant Messaging emoticons,
`
`*
`
`
`
`

`

`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`
`Copyright © 2003 by Microsoft Corporation
`
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted
`in any form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Microsoft Internet & Networking Dictionary / Microsoft Press.
`p. cm.
`ISB N 0-7356-l813-5
`1. Computer networks--Dictionaries. 2. Internet--Dictionaries. I. Microsoft
`Press.
`
`TK5105.5 .M5474 2002
`004.67'8--dc2 l
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`
`1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 QWE 7 6 5 4 3 2
`
`Distributed in Canada by H.B. Fenn and Company Ltd.
`
`2002075312
`
`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
`
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For
`further information about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation
`office or contact Microsoft Press International directly at fax (425) 936-7329. Visit our
`Web site at www.microsoft.com/mspress. Send comments to mspinpw@microsoft.com.
`
`Active Desktop, Active Directory, ActiveX, Authenticode, BackOffice, BizTalk, Entou(cid:173)
`rage, FoxPro, FrontPage, Hotmail, JScript, Microsoft, Microsoft Press, Mobile Explorer.
`MS-DOS, MSN, NetMeeting, Outlook, PowerPoint, SharePoint. UltimateTV, Visio,
`Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual FoxPro, Visual InterDev, Visual 1++. Visual SourceSafe.
`Visual Studio, Win32, Win32s, Windows , Windows Media, Windows NT. and Xbox are
`either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States
`and/or other countries. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be the
`trademarks of their respective owners.
`
`The example companies. organizations, products, domain names, e-mail addresses, logos,
`people, places. and events depicted herein are fictitious. No association with any real com(cid:173)
`pany, organization, product. domain name. e-mail address, logo, person, place, or event is
`intended or should be inferred.
`
`Acquisitions Editor: Alex Blanton
`Project Editor: Sandra Haynes
`
`Body Part No. X08-92505
`
`Introduction .. . ............... . ................ .. .... . . . .. . . . ....... . v
`Order of Presentation ............... . .... . ............ . ........... v
`Entries . . . .. . ..... . .............. .. . ... . ... ............... . . . ... v
`Future Printings . .. . ... .. .. .. . ... .. ... . . ......................... vi
`
`Dictionary of Computer Terms . .... 1
`
`Appendix A:
`Instant Messaging Emoticons and Acronyms ... . ...... . . 309
`Emotags ...... . ... . . ....... . .................................. 309
`Smileys . ...................... . . . . ... ... .. ...... .... .. ... . .... 309
`Alternate (Japanese) Smileys .. . .. . .................. . ............. 3JJ
`Acronyms and Shorthand .................................... . ... . 312
`
`Appendix B:
`Internet Domains ........... . .... . ... . . . . . ..... . . .. 316
`Top-Level Domains: Organizational ....... . ... . ...... .. .... . .. . .... 316
`Top-Level Domains: Geographic . . ... .. . .. . . .. . .................... 316
`
`Appendix C:
`Common File Extensions ....... .. . .. ........ . ...... 320
`Common File Extensions . . ......... .. . . . . . ... . .... . ........... . . . 320
`
`iii
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`

`

`Game Boy
`
`G
`Game Boy 11. Nintendo Corporation's popular battery-powered, portable handheld
`gaming system first introduced in 1990 and updated frequently. Games are supplied on
`cartridges. The latest Game Boy, Game Boy Advance, features a 32-bit ARM CPU
`with embedded memory and a 2.9-inch TFf reflective screen with 240x 160 resolution.
`See also computer game.
`GameCube 11. Nintendo Corporation's console gaming system. It features a developer(cid:173)
`friendly format and introduces IT-RAM technology, which reduces delays to the main
`memory and the graphics LSI mixed memory. The microprocessor is a custom IBM
`Power PC "Gek.ko" featuring a secondary cache (Level One: Instruction 32 KB, Data 32
`KB (8-way); Level Two: 256 KB (2-way)). Games are supplied on a GameCube game
`disc. See also computer game, console game. Compare Dreamcast, PlayStation, Xbox.
`gamer 11. Refers to a person who plays games. sometimes role-playing games or
`trading card games; often a person who plays computer. console, arcade, or on line
`games as a primary hobby or avocation.
`gated adj. Transmitted through a gateway to a subsequent network or service. For
`example, a mailing list on BITNET may be gated to a newsgroup on the Internet.
`gateway 11. A device that connects networks using different communications proto(cid:173)
`cols so that information can be passed from one to the other. A gateway both transfers
`information and converts it to a form compatible with the protocols used by the
`receiving network. Compare bridge.
`gateway page 11. See doorway page.
`gatored vb. To have been the victim of a hijackware program that seized control of
`an Internet shopping or surfing experience and caused the victim's browser to display
`ads and Web sites chosen by the program. Users may be gatored when they have
`unknowingly installed a program or plug-in with a hidden marketing agenda, which
`intrudes on the user's Web shopping to display ads or Web sites promoting competing
`products. The term gatored comes from the name of a plug-in that was one of the fi rst
`hijackware products to be used by Web marketers. See also hijackware.
`Gecko n. A cross-platform Web browsing engine introduced by Netscape in 1998,
`distributed and developed as open-source software through Mozilla.org. Designed to
`be small. fast, and modular, the Gecko engine supports Internet standards inc luding
`HTML. cascading style sheets (CSS), XML, and the Document Object Model
`(DOM). Gecko is the layout e ngine in Netscape's Communicator software.
`GENA n. Acronym for General Event Notification Architecture. An extension to
`HTTP defined by an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Internet-Draft and used
`to communicate events over the Internet between HTTP resources. Universal Plug
`and Play (UPnP) services use GENA to send XML event messages to control points.
`General Event Notification Architecture 11. See GENA.
`
`98
`
`GIF
`
`General Inter-ORB Protocol 11. See HOP.
`General Packet Radio Service 11. See GPRS.
`General Public License 11. The agreement under which software. such as the GNU
`(GNU's Not UNIX) utilities. is distributed by the Free Software Foundation. Anyone who
`has a copy of such a program may redistribute it to another party and may charge for dis(cid:173)
`tribution and support services, but may not restrict the other party from doing the same. A
`user may modify the program, but if the modified version is distributed, it must be clearly
`identified as such and is also covered under the General Public License. A distributor must
`also either provide source code or indicate where source code can be obtained. Acronym:
`GPL. Also called: copyleft. See also free software, Free Software Foundation. GNU.
`Genie 11. An online information service originally developed by General Electric
`(GE) Information Services as GEnie (General Electric network for information
`exchange); currently owned and provided by IDT Corporation as Genie (lowercase e).
`Genie provides business information, forums, home shopping, and news and can
`exchange e-mail with the Internet.
`GEO 11. See geostationary orbit satellite.
`GEOS n. An operating system developed by Geoworks Corporation, used in some
`handheld devices. GEOS is designed to provide broad functionality in resource(cid:173)
`constrained environments that have limited storage or memory capability, such as
`enhanced phones, some lntemet access devices, and PDAs and other handheld computers.
`geostationary orbit satellite 11. A communications satellite that rotates with the
`earth and thus appears to remain fixed, or stationary, over a particular location. This
`travels in orbit 22,282 miles above the equator, where its period of rotation matches
`the earth's rotation. The service area, or foorpri111, of the satellite is approximately
`one-third of the earth's surface, so global satellite coverage can be achieved with three
`satellites in orbit. ln a voice communication system, a round-trip to and from this sat(cid:173)
`ellite takes approximately 250 milliseconds. Satellite-based data communications are
`necessary for delivering high bandwidth options to rural areas. Acronym: GEO.
`GGA 11. Acronym for Good Game All. GGA is often used in online and chat games
`at the conclusion of play. See also role-playing game.
`ghost 11. An abandoned or no-longer-maintained Web site that remains accessible to
`visitors.
`.git 11. The file extension that identifies GIF bit map images. See also GIF.
`GIF n. 1. Acronym for Graphics Interchange Format. A graphics file format devel(cid:173)
`oped by CompuServe and used for transmitting raster images on the Internet. An
`image may contain up to 256 colors, including a transparent color. The size of the file
`depends on the number of colors actually used. The LZW compression method is
`used to reduce the file size still further. 2. A graphic stored as a file in the GIF format.
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