IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
`FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS
`WACO DIVISION
`
`SCRAMOGE TECHNOLOGY LTD.,
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`v.
`
`SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD.,
`AND SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS
`AMERICA, INC.,
`
`Defendants.
`
`§
`§
`§
`§
`§
`§
`§
`§
`§
`
`Civil Action No. 6:21-cv-00454-ADA
`
`DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL
`
`SAMSUNG’S PRELIMINARY INVALIDITY CONTENTIONS
`
`Scramoge Technology Ltd.
`Ex. 2011 - Page 1
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`

`

`
`
`I.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`Defendants Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., and Samsung Electronics America, Inc.
`
`(collectively, “Samsung”) hereby make the following Preliminary disclosure of Invalidity
`
`Contentions (“Preliminary Invalidity Contentions”) to Plaintiff Scramoge Technology Ltd.
`
`(“Scramoge”).
`
`These contentions address only the claims of U.S. Patent Nos. 9,553,476 (“the ’476
`
`Patent”), 9,825,482 (“the ’482 Patent”), 9,843,215 (“the ’215 Patent”), 9,997,962 (“the ’962
`
`Patent”), 10,367,370 (“the ’370 Patent”), and 10,424,941 (“the ’941 Patent”), (collectively, the
`
`“Asserted Patents”) asserted in Scramoge’s Preliminary Disclosure of Asserted Claims and
`
`Infringement Contentions (“Infringement Contentions”) served on September 7, 2021.
`
`Scramoge has asserted the following claims (collectively, the “asserted claims”) against
`
`Samsung:
`
`• The ’476 Patent: Claims 1-15
`
`• The ’482 Patent: Claims 1-5, 7, 9-11, 13, 15-19, and 21
`
`• The ’215 Patent: Claims 1, 4, 5, 8-13, and 17-22.
`
`• The ’962 Patent: Claims 1-4, 6, 7, 18, and 19.
`
`• The ’370 Patent: Claims 1-4, 7-9, and 12-18
`
`• The ’941 Patent: Claims 1-4, 6, and 7.
`
`With respect to each asserted claim and based on its investigation to date, Samsung
`
`hereby: (a) identifies each item of prior art that anticipates and/or renders obvious each asserted
`
`claim; (b) specifies whether each such item of prior art anticipates each asserted claim and/or
`
`renders it obvious, and, if it renders it obvious, explains why the prior art renders the asserted
`
`claim obvious and identifies any combinations of prior art showing obviousness; (c) submits a
`
`
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`- 1 -
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`Scramoge Technology Ltd.
`Ex. 2011 - Page 2
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`chart identifying where specifically in each item of prior art each limitation of each asserted claim
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`is found; and (d) identifies the grounds of invalidity based on 35 U.S.C. § 112.1
`
`In addition, pursuant to the Standing Order Governing Patent Proceedings, and based on its
`
`investigation to date, Samsung has produced or is producing documents concurrently with these
`
`Preliminary Invalidity Contentions.
`
`II.
`
`RESERVATIONS
`
`
`
`Samsung reserves the right to amend these Preliminary Invalidity Contentions. The
`
`information and documents that Samsung produces are based on information available to date and
`
`are subject to further revision. Samsung expressly reserves the right to amend these disclosures
`
`and the accompanying document production should Scramoge provide any additional information
`
`that it failed to provide in its Infringement Contentions.
`
`Further, because discovery (including discovery from third parties) has not yet begun,
`
`Samsung reserves the right to revise, amend, and/or supplement the information provided herein,
`
`including identifying and relying on additional references, should Samsung’s further search and
`
`analysis yield additional information or references, consistent with the Standing Order Governing
`
`Patent Cases and the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Samsung reserves the right to rely on
`
`additional prior art; further analysis of prior art; application of prior art to new or different claims;
`
`depositions and discovery from prior art sources and authors; analysis of prior art products;
`
`combinations of references; expert opinion and/or testimony; evidence supporting invalidity of
`
`any asserted claim; and any additional relevant information that may result from its further
`
`
`1 According to the Preliminary Infringement Contentions, Plaintiff contends that the claims of the ’476 and ’482
`patents are entitled to a priority date before March 16, 2013 (see Preliminary Infringement Contentions at 5) and that
`the claims of the ’962, ’215, ’370, and ’941 patents are entitled to a priority date after March 16, 2013 (see id.). As
`discussed further herein, Samsung does not agree that the claims are entitled to the priority dates set forth in the
`Preliminary Infringement Contentions. But unless otherwise specified, the invalidity grounds discussed in these
`Preliminary Invalidity Contentions are applicable under both pre-AIA and post-AIA law.
`
`
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`- 2 -
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`Scramoge Technology Ltd.
`Ex. 2011 - Page 3
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`investigation and discovery. Additionally, Samsung reserves the right to rely on additional
`
`information, testimony, and/or analysis concerning operation of prior art systems. Moreover,
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`Samsung reserves the right to revise its ultimate contentions concerning the invalidity of the
`
`asserted claims, which may change depending upon the Court’s construction of the asserted
`
`claims, any findings as to the priority or invention date of the asserted claims, and/or positions that
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`Scramoge or its expert witness(es) may take concerning claim construction, infringement, and/or
`
`invalidity issues.
`
`Prior art not included in this disclosure, whether known or unknown to Samsung, may
`
`become relevant. In particular, Samsung is currently unaware of the extent, if any, to which
`
`Scramoge will contend that limitations of the asserted claims are not disclosed in the prior art
`
`identified by Samsung, or will contend that any of the identified references do not qualify as prior
`
`art. The identification of any patent or patent publication shall be deemed to include any
`
`counterpart patent or application filed, published, or issued anywhere in the world.
`
`The information and documents that Samsung produces are based on Samsung’s present
`
`understanding of Scramoge’s infringement theories as advanced by Scramoge in its Infringement
`
`Contentions. Scramoge’s Infringement Contentions are deficient in numerous respects. For
`
`example, Scramoge has failed to specifically identify where each element of each Asserted Claim
`
`is found within each accused instrumentality, and does not identify a specific mapping from
`
`components of the accused instrumentalities to the elements of the asserted claims. Scramoge has
`
`also failed to present any contentions for infringement under the doctrine of equivalents.
`
`Scramoge has not provided detailed infringement contentions that identify each specific claim
`
`limitation allegedly infringed under the doctrine of equivalents and its alleged equivalent element
`
`in the accused instrumentalities, or the basis for purported insubstantial differences between each
`
`
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`- 3 -
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`Scramoge Technology Ltd.
`Ex. 2011 - Page 4
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`such limitation and its alleged equivalent. If Scramoge attempts or is permitted to cure such
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`deficiencies, doing so may lead to further grounds for invalidity, and thus Samsung specifically
`
`reserves the right to modify, amend, or supplement its contentions. If Scramoge is granted leave
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`to amend its contentions, or other additional information regarding Scramoge’s infringement
`
`theories becomes available, Samsung anticipates that it will provide corresponding invalidity
`
`contentions which establish that, under Scramoge’s interpretation of the claim scope as set forth in
`
`its Infringement Contentions, the asserted patents read on the prior art.
`
`Further, Scramoge has not produced prior art known to it, including regarding any known
`
`prior art products. As discovery in this action provides Samsung with additional information,
`
`Samsung may serve subpoenas on third parties believed to have knowledge, documentation,
`
`and/or corroborating evidence relating to invalidity and/or prior art. It is therefore likely that
`
`Samsung will discover additional prior art pertinent to the invalidity of the asserted claims and
`
`Samsung reserves the right to supplement these contentions after becoming aware of additional
`
`prior art or information. Samsung further reserves the right to introduce and use such
`
`supplemental materials at trial.
`
`Samsung’s claim charts in Exhibits A-F cite particular teachings and disclosures of the
`
`prior art as applied to features of the asserted claims. However, persons having ordinary skill in
`
`the art may view an item of prior art generally in the context of other publications, literature,
`
`products, and understanding. Accordingly, the cited portions are only exemplary, and Samsung
`
`reserves the right to rely on uncited portions of the prior art references and on other publications
`
`and expert testimony as aids in understanding and interpreting the cited portions, as providing
`
`context thereto, and as additional evidence that a claim limitation is known or disclosed. Citations
`
`to figures are inclusive of all discussion of those figures. Samsung further reserves the right to
`
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`- 4 -
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`Scramoge Technology Ltd.
`Ex. 2011 - Page 5
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`rely on uncited portions of the prior art references, other publications, documents explicitly or
`
`implicitly incorporated by reference, and testimony, to establish bases for combinations of certain
`
`cited references that render the asserted claims obvious. Further, for any combination, Samsung
`
`reserves the right to rely additionally on information generally known to those skilled in the art
`
`and/or common sense.
`
`The references discussed herein and in the claim charts in Exhibits A-F, or elsewhere
`
`identified, may disclose the elements of the asserted claims explicitly and/or inherently, and/or
`
`they may be relied upon to show the state of the art in the relevant timeframe. The exemplary
`
`obviousness combinations are provided in the alternative to Samsung’s anticipation contentions
`
`and are not to be construed to suggest that any reference included in the combinations is not itself
`
`anticipatory.
`
`Samsung further reserves the right to assert that the asserted claims are invalid under 35
`
`U.S.C. § 102(f) in the event that discovery reveals that the named inventor of the asserted patents
`
`did not invent (either alone or in conjunction with others) the subject matter recited in the asserted
`
`claims. If Samsung asserts invalidity under Section 102(f), Samsung will provide the name of the
`
`person(s) from whom, and the circumstances under which, the invention or any part of it was
`
`derived.
`
`Samsung further intends to rely on inventor admissions concerning the scope of the
`
`asserted claims or of the prior art relevant to the asserted claims found in, inter alia: the patent
`
`prosecution history and/or reexamination history for the asserted patents and related patents and/or
`
`patent applications; any deposition testimony of a named inventor of the asserted patents; and the
`
`papers filed and any evidence submitted by Scramoge in conjunction with this litigation.
`
`Samsung reserves the right to contend that the asserted claims are invalid for failure to name the
`
`
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`- 5 -
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`Scramoge Technology Ltd.
`Ex. 2011 - Page 6
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`correct inventor(s), and/or to contend that Scramoge lacks standing to bring this litigation with
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`respect to such patents.
`
`Furthermore, nothing stated herein shall be treated as an admission or suggestion that
`
`Samsung agrees with Scramoge regarding either the scope of any asserted claim or the claim
`
`constructions Scramoge advances in its Infringement Contentions or anywhere else. To the extent
`
`that Samsung’s Preliminary Invalidity Contentions reflect constructions of claim limitations
`
`consistent with or suggested by Scramoge’s Infringement Contentions, no inference is intended
`
`nor should any be drawn that Samsung agrees with Scramoge’s claim constructions. Nor shall
`
`anything in these Preliminary Invalidity Contentions be treated as an admission that Samsung’s
`
`accused products meet any limitation of any asserted claim. Samsung denies that it infringes any
`
`claim of the asserted patents. To the extent that any prior art reference identified by Samsung
`
`contains a claim element that is the same as or similar to an element in an accused product, based
`
`on a claim construction inferred from Scramoge’s Infringement Contentions, inclusion of that
`
`reference in Samsung’s Preliminary Invalidity Contentions shall not be deemed a waiver by
`
`Samsung of any claim construction or noninfringement position. Samsung expressly reserves the
`
`right to contest any claim construction asserted by Scramoge and expressly reserves all
`
`noninfringement arguments.
`
`Depending on the Court’s construction of the asserted claims of the asserted patents,
`
`and/or positions that Scramoge or its expert witness(es) may take concerning claim interpretation,
`
`infringement, and/or invalidity issues, the charted prior art references in Exhibits A-F, or
`
`otherwise identified herein, may be of greater or lesser relevance, and different combinations of
`
`these references may be implicated. Given this uncertainty, the charts may reflect alternative
`
`applications of the prior art against the asserted claims. Nothing stated herein shall be construed
`
`
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`- 6 -
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`Scramoge Technology Ltd.
`Ex. 2011 - Page 7
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`as an admission or a waiver of any particular construction of any claim term.
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`Samsung understands that Scramoge proposes to rely on the following priority dates for
`
`the Asserted Patents based on their priority applications:
`
`• The ’476 Patent: March 23, 2012
`
`• The ’482 Patent: October 4, 2012
`
`• The ’215 Patent: March 4, 2014
`
`• The ’962 Patent: June 27, 2013
`
`• The ’370 Patent: March 4, 2014
`
`• The ’941 Patent: January 28, 2014
`
`Though Samsung’s investigation is ongoing, at least the claims of the ’476, ’215, and ’370
`
`Patents should not be entitled to its earliest claimed priority date.
`
`For example, the ’476 Patent, should not be entitled to its earliest claimed priority date,
`
`e.g., March 23, 2012. Instead, those claims should be afforded an effective priority date of March
`
`15, 2013, which is the first date that Applicant’s application included § 112 support (written
`
`description and enablement) for the claims issued in the ’476 Patent. More specifically, Applicant
`
`filed PCT Application No. PCT/KR2013/002412 on March 22, 2013, which entered national stage
`
`in the United States on September 23, 2014, and issued as the ’476 Patent on January 24, 2017.
`
`This PCT Application claimed priority to seven Korean Applications, including KR10-2012-
`
`0029987, dated March 23, 2012, KR10-2012-00790004, dated July 19, 2012, KR10-2012-
`
`0123375, dated November 2, 2012, KR10-2013-0028300, dated March 15, 2013, KR10-2013-
`
`0028301, dated March 15, 2013, KR10-2013-0028302, dated March 15, 2013, and KR10-2013-
`
`0029393, dated March 15, 2013. KR10-2012-0029987, KR10-2012-00790004, or KR10-2012-
`
`0123375, however, do not provide any § 112 support for claim limitations “wherein the first,
`
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`- 7 -
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`Scramoge Technology Ltd.
`Ex. 2011 - Page 8
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`second, third, and fourth contact terminals are disposed as a 2x2 matrix” and “wherein the first
`
`contact terminal and the second contact terminal are disposed on a first line in the 2x2 matrix and
`
`the third contact terminal and the fourth contact terminal are disposed on a second line in the 2x2
`
`matrix,” as required by the independent claim 1 in the ’476 Patent. Therefore, Applicant’s
`
`asserted ’476 claims are invalid, or, at best, are entitled to a priority date of March 15, 2013.
`
`Similarly, the ’215 and ’370 Patents should not be entitled to its their earliest claimed
`
`priority date, e.g., March 4, 2014. As examples, Korean application 10-2014-0025290 fails to
`
`disclose all elements of the Asserted Claims of the ’215 and ’370 Patents. More specifically, and
`
`as an example, Applicant filed U.S. Application No. 14/636,347 (“the ’347 Application”) on
`
`March 3, 2015, which issued as the ’215 Patent. During prosecution of the ’347 Application,
`
`Applicant added new matter throughout the application including in paragraph [0052] of the ’347
`
`Application stating, “a term of the polymeric material connector 313 can be used with a term of
`
`the extending portion. . .” This constitutes new matter and is the only support for the limitation,
`
`“the first extending portion and the second extending portion are connected to each other,” in
`
`claim 1 and 13, and therefore claims 1 and 13 are invalid under § 112, as explained below.
`
`Without the added new matter, a POSITA would not have understood the first and second
`
`extending portions themselves to be connected, as claim 1 and 13 require. Rather, a POSITA
`
`would have understood that the intervening polymeric material connector 313 forms a connection
`
`between the extension portions, and the connector 313 is not part of the extension portions.
`
`As a further example, Applicant filed U.S. Application No. 15/651,902 (“the ’902
`
`Application”) on July 17, 2017, which issued as U.S. Patent No. 10,110,052, and claims priority to
`
`’347 Application. Paragraph [0052] of the ’902 Application as filed contained the same new
`
`matter added previously. Applicant filed U.S. Application No. 16/111,895 (“the ’895
`
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`- 8 -
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`Scramoge Technology Ltd.
`Ex. 2011 - Page 9
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`Application”) on August 24, 2018, which issued as the ’370 Patent, and claims priority to ’902
`
`Application. Paragraph [0052] of the ’895 Application as filed contained the same new matter
`
`added previously. Accordingly, the earliest possible priority date for the ’370 Patent is July 17,
`
`2017.Samsung reserves the right to challenge any other alleged date of conception earlier than the
`
`filing date of the asserted patents. Samsung further reserves the right to seek discovery regarding
`
`any alleged conception and reduction to practice dates, as appropriate, and to demonstrate earlier
`
`invention by other parties under 35 U.S.C. § 102(g), public use and/or the on-sale bar under 35
`
`U.S.C. § 102(b), and/or applicants’ failure to comply with 35 U.S.C. § 112.
`
`In addition to these Preliminary Invalidity Contentions and prior art identified herein,
`
`Samsung hereby relies on and incorporates by reference in their entirety and expressly reserves
`
`the right to rely upon invalidity contentions and invalidity expert reports, including all invalidity
`
`positions, invalidity charts and all prior art cited therein, presented by any present or former
`
`defendant in any of Scramoge’s or its predecessors’ lawsuits or by potential or actual licensees to
`
`the asserted patents, including any reexamination or other post-grant review, involving the
`
`asserted patents or any patents that claim priority to, claim priority from, or are the basis for a
`
`claim of priority in the asserted patents (collectively, “related patents”).
`
`In particular, Samsung incorporates by reference any invalidity contentions, invalidity
`
`charts, and invalidity positions served on Scramoge today in the following actions:
`
`• Scramoge, Ltd. v. Apple Inc., WDTX-6-21-cv-00579 (Preliminary Invalidity
`
`Contentions served November 15, 2021); and
`
`• Scramoge Technology Limited v. Google, LLC f/k/a Google Inc., WDTX-6-21-cv-
`
`00616 (Preliminary Invalidity Contentions served November 15, 2021).
`
`Samsung also expressly incorporates by reference the invalidity contentions and positions
`
`
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`- 9 -
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`Scramoge Technology Ltd.
`Ex. 2011 - Page 10
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`taken in the following IPR petitions:
`
`• Apple Inc. v. Scramoge Technology Limited, PTAB-IPR2022-00117;
`
`• Apple Inc. v. Scramoge Technology Limited, PTAB-IPR2022-00118;
`
`• Apple Inc. v. Scramoge Technology Limited, PTAB-IPR2022-00120; and
`
`• Samsung Elecs. Co., Ltd. et al. v. Scramoge Technology Limited, PTAB- IPR2022-
`
`00185.2
`
`Nothing in Samsung’s disclosures should be regarded as necessarily reflecting the proper
`
`interpretation of the claims or an interpretation of the claims Samsung agrees with or proposes.
`
`Nothing herein should be construed as an admission that Samsung agrees with Scramoge’s
`
`express or implied claim constructions or that Scramoge has proposed any discernible
`
`constructions for claims and/or claim terms in its Infringement Contentions. Samsung disputes
`
`Scramoge’s apparent claim interpretations and will propose alternative constructions to those
`
`proposed by Scramoge in its Infringement Contentions at the appropriate time. Nothing herein
`
`should be interpreted as reflecting Samsung’s proposed claim construction positions. Samsung
`
`expressly reserves the right to propose alternative constructions to those that have been or may be
`
`advocated by Scramoge.
`
`III.
`
`PRIOR ART DISCLOSURES
`
`In addition to the references cited on the face of the asserted patents and related patents,
`
`the admitted prior art references in the specifications of the asserted patents and related patents,
`
`the prosecution histories of the asserted patents and related patents, the references cited in any
`
`
`2 On November 12, 2021, Samsung stipulated that, if the PTAB instituted inter partes review no.
`IPR2022-00185, Samsung would not pursue invalidity against the asserted claims of the ’941
`patent in the District Court proceeding using any obviousness ground which includes the primary
`references in that petition, referred to therein as “Itabashi” and “Makita.” Samsung reserved the
`right to present invalidity in the District Court on other bases.
`
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`- 10 -
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`Scramoge Technology Ltd.
`Ex. 2011 - Page 11
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`reexaminations, reissue proceedings, or other post-grant proceedings in the U.S. Patent Office of
`
`the asserted patents and related patents, and the references cited in any invalidity contentions or
`
`expert reports submitted in any action or proceedings involving the asserted patents or related
`
`patents, Samsung below identifies the following prior art that anticipates each asserted claim or
`
`renders it obvious. Samsung has set forth in detail in the accompanying claim charts the particular
`
`claims that are anticipated under 35 U.S.C. § 102 and/or rendered obvious under 35 U.S.C. § 103
`
`by the particular reference.
`
`Samsung’s prior art reference charts (attached hereto as Exhibits A-F) identify where
`
`specifically in each item of prior art, each element of each asserted claim is found, citing
`
`particular teachings/disclosure of the referenced art as applied to features of the asserted patents.
`
`However, persons of skill in the art generally would appreciate an item of prior art in the context
`
`of other publications, literature, products, and understandings. The citations are exemplary and not
`
`exclusive, and Samsung reserves the right to rely on uncited portions of the prior art references
`
`and on other publications and expert testimony as aids in understanding and interpreting the cited
`
`portions, as providing context to them, and as additional evidence that the prior art discloses a
`
`claimed feature. Samsung reserves the right to establish what was known to a person having
`
`ordinary skill in the art through other publications, products, and/or testimony. Samsung also
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`reserves the right to rely on uncited portions of the prior art references, other publications, and
`
`testimony to establish that a person of skill in the art would have been motivated to combine
`
`certain of the cited references so as to render the claims obvious. Where Samsung cites to a figure
`
`or feature reference in an item of prior art, it incorporates by reference the discussion and/or
`
`explication of such referenced figure or feature. Samsung further reserves the right to supplement
`
`its disclosure after it has had the opportunity to investigate Scramoge’s theories of infringement
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`- 11 -
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`Scramoge Technology Ltd.
`Ex. 2011 - Page 12
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`during discovery.
`
`A.
`
`Prior Art Patents
`
`Patent or Publication Number
`
`Country of Origin
`
`Filing Date
`
`CN101256876A
`CN101924398A
`CN102083280A
`CN102360718A
`CN102403803A (Sizhong Zhu)
`CN102592817
`CN102598168
`CN103094992
`CN1784510A
`CN201749754U (Jie Liang)
`CN202435145U (Shengtai Xu)
`EP1633017
`EP2096711
`EP2424072
`EP2648274
`EP0547563A1 (Pigler et al)
`
`EP0782154A1 (Asada)
`
`EP1814191A2 (Nakamura, Kouichi
`et al)
`EP2482236A1 (Teraura Nobuyuki)
`
`DE4117878 C2 (Mizoguchi,
`Tetsuhiko et al)
`JP11161763 (Tanaguchi)
`JP2000133536A (Masaaki Kaneko et
`al)
`JP2002299138 (Fukuda)
`JP2002299138A2
`JP2003142323 (Usui)
`JP2003173921 (Kohiki)
`
`
`
`China
`China
`China
`China
`China
`China
`China
`China
`China
`China
`China
`Europe
`Europe
`Europe
`Europe
`European Patent
`Office
`European Patent
`Office
`European Patent
`Office
`European Patent
`Office
`Germany
`
`Japan
`Japan
`
`Japan
`Japan
`Japan
`Japan
`
`- 12 -
`
`Date of Issue or
`Publication
`9/3/2008
`12/22/2010
`6/1/2011
`2/22/2012
`04/04/2012
`7/18/2012
`7/18/2012
`5/8/2013
`6/7/2006
`02/16/2011
`09/12/2012
`3/8/2006
`9/2/2009
`2/29/2012
`10/9/2013
`06/23/1993
`
`11/30/2007
`6/11/2009
`11/30/2010
`5/24/2011
`09/08/2010
`3/14/2012
`8/25/2010
`11/2/2012
`6/11/2004
`08/04/2010
`11/30/2011
`5/3/2004
`10/23/2006
`11/4/2010
`1/24/2013
`12/15/1992
`
`06/12/1996
`
`07/02/1997
`
`01/29/2007
`
`08/01/2007
`
`09/24/2010
`
`08/01/2012
`
`05/31/1991
`
`09/26/1996
`
`11/28/1997
`10/27/1998
`
`04/02/2001
`4/2/2001
`11/01/2001
`12/07/2001
`
`06/18/1999
`05/12/2000
`
`10/11/2002
`10/11/2002
`05/16/2003
`06/20/2003
`
`Scramoge Technology Ltd.
`Ex. 2011 - Page 13
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`

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`
`
`
`Patent or Publication Number
`
`Country of Origin
`
`Filing Date
`
`JP20040364199A2 (Takahashi)
`JP2004110854 (Ryo)
`JP2004110854A (Kushima)
`JP2004110854A2
`JP2004303857A (Gamo Masahiro)
`Original document 20210924170242
`JP2005109173 (Kohiki)
`JP2005236585A (Akiyasu)
`JP2005277607 (Kudo)
`JP2006004015 (Tomomi)
`JP2006042519A2
`JP2006339329 (Ishizawa)
`JP2007110577 (Hideaki)
`JP2007123575A (Nishino et al)
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