TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-001
`
`United States Patent (19)
`Gottsman et al.
`
`54 SYSTEM, METHOD AND ARTICLE OF
`MANUFACTURE FOR ADVANCED MOBILE
`BARGAIN SHOPPING
`
`75 Inventors: Edward Gottsman, Evanston; Adam
`Brody, Chicago, both of Ill.
`73 Assignee: AC Properties B.V., S. Gravenhage,
`Netherlands
`
`56)
`
`21 Appl. No.: 09/196,339
`22 Filed:
`Nov. 19, 1998
`51 Int. Cl. .................................................... G06F 17/30
`52 U.S. Cl. ..................................... 707/5; 707/3; 707/10;
`705/26; 709/217; 709/249; 235/462; 235/472
`58 Field of Search .................................. 707/3, 4, 10, 5,
`707/7: 235/472, 462; 705/26; 709/249,
`217
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`1/1994 Daude et al. ........................... 428/192
`5,279,882
`5,519,608 5/1996 Kupiec ..............
`364/419.08
`5,606,602 2/1997 Johnson et al. ...
`... 379/115
`(List continued on next page.)
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`O 651 531A2 5/1995 European Pat. Off..
`0 856 812 A2 8/1998 European Pat. Off. .
`0883313 A2 12/1998 European Pat. Off..
`0890907 A1 1/1999 European Pat. Off..
`10171758 6/1998 Japan.
`10177613 6/1998 Japan.
`WO 97/17815 5/1997 WIPO.
`WO/97/40451 10/1997 WIPO.
`WO 97/45814 12/1997 WIPO.
`WO 98/03923
`1/1998 WIPO.
`WO 98/06055 2/1998 WIPO.
`WO 98/10541 3/1998 WIPO.
`WO 98/11744 3/1998 WIPO.
`WO 98/12833 3/1998 WIPO.
`WO 98/24036 6/1998 WIPO.
`WO 98/24050 6/1998 WIPO.
`WO 98/39909 9/1998 WIPO.
`WO 98/40823 9/1998 WIPO.
`WO 98/498.13 11/1998 WIPO.
`
`US006134548A
`Patent Number:
`11
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`6,134,548
`Oct. 17, 2000
`
`WO 98/52371 11/1998 WIPO.
`WO 98/57474 12/1998 WIPO.
`WO 98/58476 12/1998 WIPO.
`WO 99/O1969
`1/1999 WIPO.
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`Chu-Sing Yang, Kun-da Wu, Chun-Wei Tseng; Support an
`Efficient Connection for Mobile IP; Proceedings, Ninth
`International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems
`Applications, Aug. 1998, IEE, Computer Society, pp.
`514-519.
`Mary Carmen Cupito, Emerging technologies: Has Their
`time come'? Enterprise Integration; Health Management
`Technology; Dec. 1998, pp. 12-16.
`Toh Han Shih, Online life-line; Wired for Business; Sin
`gapore Business Times; Dec. 1998, p. 1.
`Chris Bradley; Remote and Mobile Computing Wigh TCP/
`IP; Enterprise Systems Journal; Jan. 1998, pp. 38-48.
`(List continued on next page.)
`Primary Examiner Jean R. Homere
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Hickman Stephens Coleman &
`Hughes, LLP
`57
`ABSTRACT
`A System is disclosed that facilitates web-based comparison
`Shopping in conventional, physical, non-web retail environ
`ments. A wireleSS phone or Similar hand-held wireleSS
`device with Internet Protocol capability is combined with a
`miniature barcode reader (installed either inside the phone or
`on a short cable) and utilized to obtain definitive product
`identification by, for example, Scanning a Universal Product
`Code (UPC) bar code from a book or other product. The
`wireless device transmits the definitive product identifier to
`a service routine (running on a Web server), which converts
`it to (in the case of books) its International Standard Book
`Number or (in the case of other products) whatever identifier
`is appropriate. The Service routine then queries the Web to
`find price, Shipping and availability information on the
`product from various Web Suppliers. This information is
`formatted and displayed on the hand-held device's Screen.
`The user may then use the hand-held device to place an order
`interactively.
`
`17 Claims, 27 Drawing Sheets
`
`1720
`f
`Secure Storage Environment
`ag
`
`1710
`
`Profile Gateway
`Server
`
`1750 erchant
`
`S.
`Merchant's Server
`
`
`
`
`
`Television
`
`Pocket
`a
`Mobile)
`Tessie Computer Smart Card cite, ciganizer
`Consumer Access Devices
`
`Vehicl
`ehicle PA
`
`

`

`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-002
`
`6,134,548
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`5,640,193 6/1997 Wellner ....................................... 348/7
`5,673,322 9/1997 Pepe et al. ................................ 389/49
`5,721,421
`2/1998 VanDonkelaar ...
`... 235/462
`5,732,074 3/1998 Spaur et al. ..
`... 370/313
`5,854,624 12/1998 Grant ........
`... 345/169
`5,913,210 6/1999 Call ...
`5,938,727 8/1999 Ikeda ....................................... 709/218
`5,950,173 9/1999 Perkowski ................................. 705/26
`5,971,277 10/1999 Cragun et al.
`235/462.01
`5,978,773 11/1999 Hudetz et al. ............................ 705/23
`5,979,757 11/1999 Tracy et al. ............................. 235/383
`5.992,752 11/1999 Wilz, Sr. et al. .................. 235/472.01
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`- - - - - - - - 707/4
`
`
`
`Enhanced Services: Telecom customers will soon have
`one-stop, easy-to-use access to their Services portfolio form
`anywhere, at any time, and in any way; Edge, on & about
`AT&T; May 1997, pp. 1-2, Anonymous.
`Bob Emmerson; The Mobile Intranet: The next generation of
`GSM services will offer faster data rates and Smarter mes
`saging; May 1998; Byte Magazine, pp. 1-7.
`Timo Alanko, Markku Kojo, Mika Liljeberg; Mobile access
`to the Internet, a mediator-based Solution; Internet
`Research; Electronis Networking Applications and Policy
`vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 58–65, 1999.
`
`Andrezej Duda, Stephane Perret; A Network Programming
`Model for Mobile Applications and Information Access;
`Proceedings JENC7, pp. 141.1-141.9, No Date.
`Nokia, Ericsson, Unwired Planet and Motorola unite to
`create an open common protocol for interactive wireleSS
`applications; Jun. 26, 1997, pp. 1-3.
`Unisource in GSM trial of mobile electronic banking and
`shopping; Mobile Communications; Mar. 20, 1997, 1-3,
`Anonymous.
`Dynamic Mobile Data Announces Mobile Server Wireless
`Solution For Enterprise and internet Access; Mar. 1999, pp.
`1-2, Anonymous.
`Philip R. Cohen, Adam Cheyer, Michelle Wang, Soon Cheol
`Baeg, An Open Agent Architecture, Software Agent Papers,
`AAAI Spring Symposium 1994, pp. 1-129.
`Katia Sycara, Anandeep S. Pannu; The RETSINA Multi
`agent System: Towards Integrating Planning, Execution and
`Information Gathering, Proceedings of the Second Interna
`tional Conference on Autonomous Agents, May 1998, pp.
`350-351.
`
`

`

`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-003
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 17, 2000
`
`Sheet 1 of 27
`
`6,134,548
`
`120
`- as NETWORK (135)
`114 S- 118
`134
`
`110
`
`116
`
`|ROM
`
`/O
`ADAPTER
`
`COMMUNICATIONS
`ADAPTER
`
`112
`122
`
`124
`
`CYCCC
`
`136
`
`DISPLAY
`
`USER
`
`s
`
`138
`
`a
`
`

`

`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-004
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 17, 2000
`
`Sheet 2 of 27
`
`6,134,548
`
`Public Sub
`Main
`(Starts Program
`S9 )
`
`
`
`Private Sub
`ProcessCommandLine
`(parse the Command line
`for meeting text)
`210
`
`Private Function
`CreateStopList
`(Prepares global
`step,is)
`
`Public Sub
`Createpatterns
`Prepares all the patterns
`or pattern match)
`230
`
`Public Sub
`GoBackgroundFinder
`(Wappinction)
`
`Public Function ParseMeetingText
`(Extracts keywords.gm meeting record)
`
`Public Function GOPattern Match
`(Initiates pattern matchin
`260
`g)
`
`Public Function SearchAltaVista
`(Parse Results)
`270
`
`Public Function SearchNewsPage
`(Query and Ease Results)
`
`Private Function ConstructOverallresult
`(Prep
`data)
`
`Public Sub Connectand TransferToMunin
`(Sends d
`Munin)
`
`Built-in Function WinSOck. Sendata
`(Sends datagough UDP)
`
`Public Sub DisconnectFrom MuninAndquit
`(Once data is sent, sign program and exit)
`
`FIG.2
`
`

`

`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-005
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 17, 2000
`
`Sheet 3 of 27
`
`6,134,548
`
`Z99
`
`799
`
`999
`
`
`
`£ (91 H.
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 17, 2000
`
`Sheet 4 of 27
`
`6,134,548
`
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`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-006
`
`
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`

`

`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-007
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 17, 2000
`
`Sheet 5 of 27
`
`6,134,548
`
`
`
`
`
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`

`

`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-008
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 17, 2000
`
`Sheet 6 of 27
`
`6,134,548
`
`
`
`610
`
`COMMAND LINE
`"I user id, meeting title, meeting body, list, location, time"
`
`620
`
`630
`
`640
`
`650
`
`660
`
`MESSAGE
`"user id, meeting title, meeting body, participant list, time"
`
`MEETING RECORD TO STORE CURRENT MEETING INFORMATION
`stUSERID, sTitleCrig, sTitlekW, sBodykW, sLocation, sTime,
`sParticipants(), sMeetingTextOriginal message minus used
`sCompany, sPeople, sTopic, sWhen, SWhere from GoPatternMatch
`
`SUBMIT OUERY TO ALTA VISTA
`
`SUBMIT OUERY TONEWSPAGE
`
`d
`STORE MESSAGE INgresultOverall
`"msg_id, user id, meeting title Concatenated with stories"
`
`670
`
`PROCESS STORIES FROMALTA VISTA AND NEWSPAGE
`
`FIG. 6
`
`

`

`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-009
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 17, 2000
`
`Sheet 7 of 27
`
`6,134,548
`
`710
`
`A MEEETING RECORD-POTENTIAL COMPANIES, PEOPLE, TOPICS,
`LOCATION AND A TIME ARE DENTIFIED
`
`720
`
`730
`
`740
`
`AT LEAST ONE TOPICSIDENTIFIED
`
`AT LEAST ONE COMPANY NAME SIDENTIFIED
`
`A DECISION IS MADE ON WHAT MATERIAL TO TRANSMIT
`
`FIG. 7
`
`

`

`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-0010
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 17, 2000
`
`Sheet 8 of 27
`
`6,134,548
`
`810
`
`A MEEETING RECORD-POTENTIAL COMPANIES, PEOPLE TOPICS,
`LOCATION AND A TIME ARE DENTIFIED
`
`820
`
`830
`
`840
`
`AT LEAST ONE COMPANY NAME ISIDENTIFIED
`
`AT LEAST ONE TOPICSIDENTIFIED
`
`USE THE TOPIC AND OR THE COMPANY
`
`FIG. 8
`
`

`

`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-0011
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 17, 2000
`
`Sheet 9 of 27
`
`6,134,548
`
`FIG. 9
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 17, 2000
`
`Sheet 10 of 27
`
`6,134,548
`
`JOSMOIGGe8AASJdWiojsng
`
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`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-0012
`
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`

`

`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-0013
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 17, 2000
`
`Sheet 11 of 27
`
`6,134,548
`
`START
`
`1001
`
`User Requests
`Content Page
`
`1003
`
`1002
`
`User Profile
`Database
`
`1006
`
`1004
`
`
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`1005
`
`1007
`
`1008
`
`
`
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`
`
`
`
`
`Get User
`Preferences
`
`Get Page
`Content
`
`Get User-Centric
`Content
`
`Create Page
`Using Layout
`Preferences
`
`Display Page
`to Ser
`
`END
`
`FIG. IOB
`
`

`

`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-0014
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 17, 2000
`
`Sheet 12 0f 27
`
`6,134,548
`
`at
`?
`Y- START
`
`)
`
`1. 1110
`
`Parse
`Content for
`Times, Dates,
`Contacts
`V
`Get User-Centrica.1
`Content
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`
`Calendar
`items
`
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`
`Email items
`
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`1117
`
`1119
`
`
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`
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`Get Matching
`Contact items
`
`Get Matching
`Task List
`items
`
`1121
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`Get Matching
`NeWS items
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`1113
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`1114
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`1116
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`1118
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`1122
`
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`Content
`
`END
`
`FIG. II
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 17, 2000
`
`Sheet 13 of 27
`
`6,134,548
`
`0221
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`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-0016
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`6,134,548
`
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`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-0017
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 17, 2000
`
`Sheet 15 0f 27
`
`6,134,548
`
`(plej
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`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-0018
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 17, 2000
`
`Sheet 16 of 27
`
`6,134,548
`
`START
`
`1510
`
`User Requests
`Agent Statistics
`Page
`
`1540
`
`1520
`
`a
`
`User Profile
`Database
`
`1550
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`
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`Statistics
`
`Normalize
`Statistics
`
`Get Statistics
`Formulas
`
`Generate
`Graphs with
`Statistics
`
`Create
`Statistics
`Page
`
`Return
`Statistics
`Page to User
`
`1540
`
`1560
`
`Content
`Database
`
`
`
`
`
`1580
`
`1590
`
`END
`
`FIG. I.5
`
`

`

`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-0019
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 17, 2000
`
`Sheet 17 Of 27
`
`6,134,548
`
`1630
`
`N
`Y-
`
`User Profile
`Database
`
`1680 N
`Relax
`threshold
`variables
`
`START
`
`User Requests
`Product Report
`about ProductX
`
`Get User Profiles
`of Users Who
`Have Rated
`ProductX
`
`Get Profile
`Matching
`Algorithm
`Thresholds
`
`1610
`
`1620
`
`1640
`
`
`
`1650
`
`1660
`
`
`
`Map Users
`According to
`Profile Matching
`Algorithm
`
`
`
`Aren nearest
`neighbors within
`distancey of
`USer?
`
`Yes
`y
`Calculate statistics
`from n nearest
`neighbors (high,
`low, avg.) for
`features
`
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`
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`
`
`
`
`
`1670
`
`1690
`
`
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`into product
`report template
`
`
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`Return
`product report
`to user
`
`1697
`
`FIG. I6
`
`

`

`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-0020
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 17, 2000
`
`Sheet 18 of 27
`
`6,134,548
`
`1720
`
`Secure Storage Environment
`C d
`Profile
`
`
`
`
`
`1710
`
`
`
`H O OOOOOODSsa
`
`Profile Gateway
`Server
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Public internet
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Television (Mobile)
`Telephone
`
`
`
`Pocket
`Computer Smart Card cities er Organizer
`Consumer Access Devices
`
`http http a "
`
`Vehicle
`
`PDA
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 17, 2000
`
`Sheet 19 of 27
`
`6,134,548
`
`aASewojsny
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`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-0021
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`

`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-0022
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 17, 2000
`
`Sheet 20 Of 27
`
`6,134,548
`
`1930
`
`User Profile
`Database
`
`1900
`
`START
`
`User Requests
`Summary Page
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`Get User
`Agent
`Preferences
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`1960
`
`1995
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`1950
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`Content
`Database
`
`1990
`
`Content
`Database
`
`END
`
`FIG. I9
`
`

`

`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-0023
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 17, 2000
`
`Sheet 21 of 27
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`6,134,548
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 17, 2000
`
`Sheet 22 of 27
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`6,134,548
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`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-0024
`
`

`

`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-0025
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`6,134,548
`
`
`
`
`
`06ed quOJ
`
`

`

`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-0026
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 17, 2000
`
`Sheet 24 of 27
`
`6,134,548
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`
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`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-0027
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 17, 2000
`
`Sheet 25 0f 27
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`6,134,548
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`
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`
`
`O
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`2 are
`Wareness
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`E-mail client
`
`FIG. 24
`
`

`

`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-0028
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 17, 2000
`
`Sheet 26 of 27
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`6,134,548
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`2510
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`Information Prioritization
`Subsystem
`
`
`
`Communications
`Transformatio
`Auxillary
`
`Intelligent
`Agents
`COOdinator
`(Munin)
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`FIG. 25
`
`

`

`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-0029
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 17, 2000
`
`Sheet 27 Of 27
`
`6,134,548
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`2610
`
`2620
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`2614
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`Speaker
`
`
`
`
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`Display
`With touch Screen
`
`Speaker
`
`

`

`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-0030
`
`1
`SYSTEM, METHOD AND ARTICLE OF
`MANUFACTURE FOR ADVANCED MOBILE
`BARGAIN SHOPPING
`
`6,134,548
`
`2
`routine then queries the Web to find price, Shipping and
`availability information on the product from various Web
`Suppliers. This information is formatted and displayed on the
`hand-held device's Screen. The user may then use the
`hand-held device to place an order interactively.
`
`DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`The foregoing and other objects, aspects and advantages
`are better understood from the following detailed description
`of a preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to
`the drawings, in which:
`FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a representative hardware
`environment in accordance with a preferred embodiment;
`FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the system in accordance with a
`preferred embodiment;
`FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a parsing unit of the system in
`accordance with a preferred embodiment;
`FIG. 4 is a flowchart for pattern matching in accordance
`with a preferred embodiment;
`FIG. 5 is a flowchart for a search unit in accordance with
`a preferred embodiment;
`FIG. 6 is a flowchart for overall system processing in
`accordance with a preferred embodiment;
`FIG. 7 is a flowchart of topic processing in accordance
`with a preferred embodiment;
`FIG. 8 is a flowchart of meeting record processing in
`accordance with a preferred embodiment;
`FIG. 9 is a block diagram of process flow of a pocket
`bargain finder in accordance with a preferred embodiment;
`FIG. 10A and 10B are a block diagram and flowchart
`depicting the logic associated with creating a customized
`content web page in accordance with a preferred embodi
`ment,
`FIG. 11 is a flowchart depicting the detailed logic asso
`ciated with retrieving user- centric content in accordance
`with a preferred embodiment;
`FIG. 12 is a data model of a user profile in accordance
`with a preferred embodiment;
`FIG. 13 is a perSona data model in accordance with a
`preferred embodiment;
`FIG. 14 is an intention data model in accordance with a
`preferred embodiment;
`FIG. 15 is a flowchart of the processing for generating an
`agent's current Statistics in accordance with a preferred
`embodiment;
`FIG. 16 is a flowchart of the logic that determines the
`personalized product rating for a user in accordance with a
`preferred embodiment;
`FIG. 17 is a flowchart of the logic for accessing the
`centrally Stored profile in accordance with a preferred
`embodiment;
`FIG. 18 is a flowchart of the interaction logic between a
`user and the integrator for a particular Supplier in accordance
`with a preferred embodiment;
`FIG. 19 is a flowchart of the agent processing for gener
`ating a verbal Summary in accordance with a preferred
`embodiment;
`FIG. 20 illustrates a display login in accordance with a
`preferred embodiment;
`FIG. 21 illustrates a managing daily logistics display in
`accordance with a preferred embodiment;
`FIG.22 illustrates a user main display in accordance with
`a preferred embodiment;
`
`15
`
`25
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`The present invention relates to agent based Systems and
`more particularly to a mobile computing environment and
`more particularly to a mobile computing environment that
`accesses the Internet to obtain product information for a
`USC.
`Agent based technology has become increasingly impor
`tant for use with applications designed to interact with a user
`for performing various computer based tasks in foreground
`and background modes. Agent Software comprises computer
`programs that are Set on behalf of users to perform routine,
`tedious and time-consuming tasks. To be useful to an
`individual user, an agent must be personalized to the indi
`vidual user's goals, habits and preferences. Thus, there
`exists a Substantial requirement for the agent to efficiently
`and effectively acquire user-specific knowledge from the
`user and utilize it to perform tasks on behalf of the user.
`The concept of agency, or the user of agents, is well
`established. An agent is a perSon authorized by another
`perSon, typically referred to as a principal, to act on behalf
`of the principal. In this manner the principal empowers the
`agent to perform any of the tasks that the principal is
`unwilling or unable to perform. For example, an insurance
`agent may handle all of the insurance requirements for a
`principal, or a talent agent may act on behalf of a performer
`to arrange concert dates.
`With the advent of the computer, a new domain for
`employing agents has arrived. Significant advances in the
`realm of expert Systems enable computer programs to act on
`behalf of computer users to perform routine, tedious and
`other time-consuming tasks. These computer programs are
`referred to as “Software agents.”
`Moreover, there has been a recent proliferation of com
`puter and communication networks. These networks permit
`a user to access vast amounts of information and Services
`without, essentially, any geographical boundaries. Thus, a
`Software agent has a rich environment to perform a large
`number of tasks on behalf of a user. For example, it is now
`possible for an agent to make an airline reservation, pur
`chase the ticket, and have the ticket delivered directly to a
`user. Similarly, an agent could Scan the Internet and obtain
`information ranging from the latest Sports or news to a
`particular graduate thesis in applied physics. Current Solu
`tions fail to apply agent technology to existing calendar
`technology to provide targeted acquisition of background
`information for a user's upcoming events.
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`According to a broad aspect of a preferred embodiment of
`the invention, A System is disclosed that facilitates web
`55
`based comparison shopping in conventional, physical, non
`web retail environments. A wireleSS phone or Similar hand
`held wireless device with Internet Protocol capability is
`combined with a miniature barcode reader (installed either
`inside the phone or on a short cable) and utilized to obtain
`definitive product identification by, for example, Scanning a
`Universal Product Code (UPC) bar code from a book or
`other product. The wireless device transmits the definitive
`product identifier to a service routine (running on a Web
`Server), which converts it to (in the case of books) its
`International Standard Book Number or (in the case of other
`products) whatever identifier is appropriate. The Service
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`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-0031
`
`15
`
`3
`FIG. 23 illustrates an agent interaction display in accor
`dance with a preferred embodiment;
`FIG. 24 is a block diagram of an active knowledge
`management System in accordance with a preferred embodi
`ment,
`FIG. 25 is a block diagram of a back end server in
`accordance with a preferred embodiment; and
`FIG. 26 is a block diagram of a magic wall in accordance
`with a preferred embodiment.
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`A preferred embodiment of a System in accordance with
`the present invention is preferably practiced in the context of
`a personal computer Such as an IBM compatible personal
`computer, Apple Macintosh computer or UNIX based work
`Station. A representative hardware environment is depicted
`in FIG. 1, which illustrates a typical hardware configuration
`of a WorkStation in accordance with a preferred embodiment
`having a central processing unit 110, Such as a
`microprocessor, and a number of other units interconnected
`via a system bus 112. The workstation shown in FIG. 1
`includes a Random Access Memory (RAM) 114, Read Only
`Memory (ROM) 116, an I/O adapter 118 for connecting
`peripheral devices Such as disk Storage units 120 to the bus
`112, a user interface adapter 122 for connecting a keyboard
`124, a mouse 126, a speaker 128, a microphone 132, and/or
`other user interface devices Such as a touch Screen (not
`shown) to the bus 112, communication adapter 134 for
`connecting the WorkStation to a communication network
`(e.g., a data processing network) and a display adapter 136
`for connecting the bus 112 to a display device 138. The
`WorkStation typically has resident thereon an operating
`system such as the Microsoft Windows NT or Windows/95
`Operating System (OS), the IBM OS/2 operating system, the
`MAC OS, or UNIX operating system. Those skilled in the
`art will appreciate that the present invention may also be
`implemented on platforms and operating Systems other than
`those mentioned.
`A preferred embodiment is written using JAVA, C, and the
`C++ language and utilizes object oriented programming
`methodology. Object oriented programming (OOP) has
`become increasingly used to develop complex applications.
`As OOP moves toward the mainstream of software design
`and development, various Software Solutions require adap
`tation to make use of the benefits of OOP. A need exists for
`these principles of OOP to be applied to a messaging
`interface of an electronic messaging System Such that a Set
`of OOP classes and objects for the messaging interface can
`be provided.
`OOP is a process of developing computer Software using
`objects, including the Steps of analyzing the problem,
`designing the System, and constructing the program. An
`object is a Software package that contains both data and a
`collection of related Structures and procedures. Since it
`contains both data and a collection of Structures and
`procedures, it can be visualized as a Self-sufficient compo
`nent that does not require other additional Structures, pro
`cedures or data to perform its specific task. OOP, therefore,
`Views a computer program as a collection of largely autono
`mous components, called objects, each of which is respon
`Sible for a specific task. This concept of packaging data,
`Structures, and procedures together in one component or
`module is called encapsulation.
`In general, OOP components are reusable Software mod
`65
`ules which present an interface that conforms to an object
`model and which are accessed at run-time through a com
`
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`ponent integration architecture. A component integration
`architecture is a set of architecture mechanisms which allow
`Software modules in different proceSS Spaces to utilize each
`others capabilities or functions. This is generally done by
`assuming a common component object model on which to
`build the architecture.
`It is worthwhile to differentiate between an object and a
`class of objects at this point. An object is a single instance
`of the class of objects, which is often just called a class. A
`class of objects can be viewed as a blueprint, from which
`many objects can be formed.
`OOP allows the programmer to create an object that is a
`part of another object. For example, the object representing
`a piston engine is Said to have a composition-relationship
`with the object representing a piston. In reality, a piston
`engine comprises a piston, Valves and many other compo
`nents, the fact that a piston is an element of a piston engine
`can be logically and semantically represented in OOP by two
`objects.
`OOP also allows creation of an object that “depends
`from another object. If there are two objects, one repre
`Senting a piston engine and the other representing a piston
`engine wherein the piston is made of ceramic, then the
`relationship between the two objectS is not that of compo
`Sition. A ceramic piston engine does not make up a piston
`engine. Rather it is merely one kind of piston engine that has
`one more limitation than the piston engine; its piston is made
`of ceramic. In this case, the object representing the ceramic
`piston engine is called a derived object, and it inherits all of
`the aspects of the object representing the piston engine and
`adds further limitation or detail to it. The object representing
`the ceramic piston engine “depends from the object repre
`Senting the piston engine. The relationship between these
`objects is called inheritance.
`When the object or class representing the ceramic piston
`engine inherits all of the aspects of the objects representing
`the piston engine, it inherits the thermal characteristics of a
`Standard piston defined in the piston engine class. However,
`the ceramic piston engine object overrides these ceramic
`Specific thermal characteristics, which are typically different
`from those associated with a metal piston. It skips over the
`original and uses new functions related to ceramic pistons.
`Different kinds of piston engines have different
`characteristics, but may have the same underlying functions
`associated with it (e.g., how many pistons in the engine,
`ignition sequences, lubrication, etc.). To access each of these
`functions in any piston engine object, a programmer would
`call the same functions with the Same names, but each type
`of piston engine may have different/overriding implemen
`tations of functions behind the same name. This ability to
`hide different implementations of a function behind the same
`name is called polymorphism and it greatly simplifies com
`munication among objects.
`With the concepts of composition-relationship,
`encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism, an object can
`represent just about anything in the real world. In fact, our
`logical perception of the reality is the only limit on deter
`mining the kinds of things that can become objects in
`object-oriented Software. Some typical categories are as
`follows:
`Objects can represent physical objects, Such as automo
`biles in a traffic-flow Simulation, electrical components
`in a circuit-design program, countries in an economics
`model, or aircraft in an air-traffic-control System.
`Objects can represent elements of the computer-user
`environment Such as windows, menus or graphics
`objects.
`
`

`

`TRILLER EXHIBIT 1016-0032
`
`S
`An object can represent an inventory, Such as a perSonnel
`file or a table of the latitudes and longitudes of cities.
`An object can represent user-defined data types Such as
`time, angles, and complex numbers, or points on the
`plane.
`With this enormous capability of an object to represent
`just about any logically separable matters, OOP allows the
`Software developer to design and implement a computer
`program that is a model of Some aspects of reality, whether
`that reality is a physical entity, a process, a System, or a
`composition of matter. Since the object can represent
`anything, the Software developer can create an object which
`can be used as a component in a larger Software project in
`the future.
`If 90% of a new OOP Software program consists of
`proven, existing components made from preexisting reus
`able objects, then only the remaining 10% of the new
`Software project has to be written and tested from Scratch.
`Since 90% already came from an inventory of extensively
`tested reusable objects, the potential domain from which an
`error could originate is 10% of the program. As a result,
`OOP enables software developers to build objects out of
`other, previously built, objects.
`This process closely resembles complex machinery being
`built out of assemblies and Sub-assemblies. OOP
`technology, therefore, makes Software engineering more like
`25
`hardware engineering in that Software is built from existing
`components, which are available to the developer as objects.
`All this adds up to an improved quality of the Software as
`well as an increased Speed of its development.
`Programming languages are beginning to fully Support the
`OOP principles, Such as encapsulation, inheritance,
`polymorphism, and composition-relationship. With the
`advent of the C++ language, many commercial Software
`developers have embraced OOP, C++ is an OOP language
`that offers a fast, machine-executable code. Furthermore,
`C++ is Suitable for both commercial