(12) United States Patent
`Boppart et al.
`
`I 1111111111111111 11111 lllll lllll lllll lllll 111111111111111 1111111111 11111111
`US006485413Bl
`US 6,485,413 Bl
`*Nov. 26, 2002
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`(54) METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR
`FORWARD-DIRECTED OPTICAL SCANNING
`INSTRUMENTS
`
`(56)
`
`(75)
`
`(73)
`
`Inventors: Stephen A. Boppart, Boston; Gary J.
`Tearney, Cambridge; Brett E. Bouma,
`Boston; Mark E. Brezinski, Malden;
`James G. Fujimoto, Cambridge; Eric
`A. Swanson, Acton, all of MA (US)
`Assignee: The General Hospital Corporation,
`Boston, MA (US)
`
`( *)
`
`Notice:
`
`This patent issued on a continued pros(cid:173)
`ecution application filed under 37 CFR
`1.53( d), and is subject to the twenty year
`patent term provisions of 35 U.S.C.
`154(a)(2).
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by O days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 09/036,283
`Mar. 6, 1998
`(22) Filed:
`Related U.S. Application Data
`( 63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 08/916,759, filed on
`Aug. 19, 1997, now Pat. No. 5,784,352, which is a continu(cid:173)
`ation-in-part of application No. 08/607,787, filed on Feb. 27,
`1996, now Pat. No. 6,134,003, which is a continuation-in(cid:173)
`part of application No. 08/577,366, filed on Dec. 22, 1995,
`now Pat. No. 5,748,598, which is a continuation of appli(cid:173)
`cation No. 08/492,738, filed on Jun. 21, 1995, now aban(cid:173)
`doned, which is a continuation-in-part of application No.
`08/252,940, filed on Jun. 2, 1994, now abandoned, which is
`a continuation-in-part of application No. 08/033,194, filed
`on Mar. 16, 1993, now Pat. No. 5,459,570, which is a
`continuation of application No. 07 /692,877, filed on Apr. 29,
`1991, now abandoned.
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/054,163, filed on Jul. 29,
`1997, and provisional application No. 60/038,047, filed on
`Mar. 6, 1997.
`Int. Cl.7 .............................. A61B 1/06; A61B 6/00
`(51)
`(52) U.S. Cl. ....................... 600/160; 600/129; 600/477;
`600/478; 356/345; 356/349
`(58) Field of Search ................................. 600/160, 101,
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`
`References Cited
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`Primary Examiner-John P. Leubecker
`(74) Attorney,Agent, or Firm-Testa, Hurwitz & Thibeault,
`LLP
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`An imaging system for performing forward scanning imag(cid:173)
`ing for application to therapeutic and diagnostic devises
`used in medical procedures. The imaging system includes
`forward directed optical coherence tomography (OCT), and
`non-retroreflected forward scanning OCT. Also interfero(cid:173)
`metric imaging and ranging techniques and fluorescent,
`Raman, two-photon, and diffuse wave imaging can be used.
`The forward scanning mechanisms include a cam attached to
`a motor, pneumatic devices, a pivoting device, piezoelectric
`transducers, electrostatic driven slides for substantially
`transverse scanning; counter-rotating prisms, and offset
`lenses are used for arbitrary scanning. The imaging system
`of the invention is applied to hand held probes including
`probes integrated with surgical probes, scalpels, scissors,
`forceps and biopsy instruments. Hand held probes include
`forward scanning lasers. The imaging system is also appli(cid:173)
`cable to laparoscopes and endoscopes for diagnostc and
`therapeutic intervention in body orifices, canals, tubes,
`ducts, vessels and cavities of the body. The imaging system
`includes application to surgical and high numerical aperture
`microscopes. An important application of the invention is
`implantation of the optical probe for periodic or continuous
`extraction of information from the tissue site where
`implanted.
`
`9 Claims, 33 Drawing Sheets
`
`PROBE
`MODULE
`
`ILLUMINATION LIGHT
`
`NON-RETROREFLECTION OCT EMBODIMENT
`
`Align EX1012
`Align v. 3Shape
`IPR2022-00145
`
`

`

`US 6,485,413 Bl
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
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`* cited by examiner
`
`

`

`OCT IMAGING SYSTEM
`
`19-
`
`INTERFEROMETER
`
`FREQUENCY
`OR PHASE
`MODULATION
`
`DISPERSION
`---- COMPENSATION
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`46
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`FIG. 1 EXAMPLE OCT IMAGING SYSTEM
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 26, 2002
`
`Sheet 2 of 33
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`US 6,485,413 Bl
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`13
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`SYNCHRONIZATION
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`
`11
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`REFERENCE-ARM
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`
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`VIDEO MONITOR
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`IMAGENIDEO OVERLAYS
`
`17
`
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`MEDICAL, SCIENTIFIC,
`INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
`
`SURGICAL AND PROCEDURAL
`DIAGNOSTICS AND GUIDANCE
`
`12
`
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`HAND-HELD PROBE
`LAPAROSCOPE
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`FORSCAN FLEX CATHETER
`FIBER BUNDLE
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`11\iTEGRATED IMAGING MICROCHIP
`PHASED ARRAY
`GENERAL METHODS OF FORWARD-SCANNING
`DISPLACEMENT OF FIBER/LENS UNIT
`DISPLACEMENT OF FIBER WITH A FIXED LENS
`DISPLACEMENT OF LENS WITH A FIXED FIBER
`BEAM DEFLECTION TECHNIQUES
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`FIG. 3 MODULAR SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 26, 2002
`
`Sheet 4 of 33
`
`US 6,485,413 Bl
`
`50
`
`GRIN LENS
`SINGLE-MODE OPTICAL FIBER
`Pl EZOELECTRI C ,_~J5~8-:::::::::::==~~
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`
`54
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`54
`
`58
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`GENERAL METHODS TO MOVE FIBER/LENS UN!T
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 26, 2002
`
`Sheet 5 of 33
`
`US 6,485,413 Bl
`
`FIG. 4h
`TWO-DIMENSIONAL DISPLACEMENT
`76
`78'
`
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`
`76
`
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`
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`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 26, 2002
`
`Sheet 6 of 33
`
`US 6,485,413 Bl
`
`[}124
`TRANSLATE ENTIRE DEVICE ACROSS SPECIMEN
`C
`
`FIG. 5b
`
`a
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`-
`
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`FIBER
`BUNDLE
`
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`
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