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`Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic
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`Pink eye (conjunctivitis)
`
`Overview
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`Pink eye (conjunctivitis) is an inflammation or infection of the transparent membrane (conjunctiva)
`that lines your eyelid and covers the white part of your eyeball. When small blood vessels in the
`conjunctiva become inflamed, they're more visible. This is what causes the whites of your eyes to
`appear reddish or pink.
`
`Pink eye is commonly caused by a bacterial or viral infection, an allergic reaction, or — in babies
`— an incompletely opened tear duct.
`
`Though pink eye can be irritating, it rarely affects your vision. Treatments can help ease the
`discomfort of pink eye. Because pink eye can be contagious, early diagnosis and treatment can
`help limit its spread.
`Symptoms
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`The most common pink eye symptoms include:
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`Redness in one or both eyes
`Itchiness in one or both eyes
`A gritty feeling in one or both eyes
`A discharge in one or both eyes that forms a crust during the night that may prevent your eye or
`eyes from opening in the morning
`Tearing
`When to see a doctor
`There are serious eye conditions that can cause eye redness. These conditions may cause eye
`pain, a feeling that something is stuck in your eye (foreign body sensation), blurred vision and light
`sensitivity. If you experience these symptoms, seek urgent care.
`
`People who wear contact lenses need to stop wearing their contacts as soon as pink eye
`symptoms begin. If your symptoms don't start to get better within 12 to 24 hours, make an
`appointment with your eye doctor to make sure you don't have a more serious eye infection related
`to contact lens use.
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`Causes
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`Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic
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`Causes of pink eye include:
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`Viruses
`Bacteria
`Allergies
`A chemical splash in the eye
`A foreign object in the eye
`In newborns, a blocked tear duct
`Viral and bacterial conjunctivitis
`
`Most cases of pink eye are typically caused by adenovirus but can also be caused by herpes
`simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, and various other viruses, including the virus that causes
`coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
`
`Both viral and bacterial conjunctivitis can occur along with colds or symptoms of a respiratory
`infection, such as a sore throat. Wearing contact lenses that aren't cleaned properly or aren't your
`own can cause bacterial conjunctivitis.
`
`Both types are very contagious. They are spread through direct or indirect contact with the liquid
`that drains from the eye of someone who's infected. One or both eyes may be affected.
`Allergic conjunctivitis
`Allergic conjunctivitis affects both eyes and is a response to an allergy-causing substance such as
`pollen. In response to allergens, your body produces an antibody called immunoglobulin E (IgE).
`This antibody triggers special cells called mast cells in the mucous lining of your eyes and airways
`to release inflammatory substances, including histamines. Your body's release of histamine can
`produce a number of allergy signs and symptoms, including red or pink eyes.
`
`If you have allergic conjunctivitis, you may experience intense itching, tearing and inflammation of
`the eyes — as well as sneezing and watery nasal discharge. Most allergic conjunctivitis can be
`controlled with allergy eyedrops.
`Conjunctivitis resulting from irritation
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`Irritation from a chemical splash or foreign object in your eye is also associated with conjunctivitis.
`Sometimes flushing and cleaning the eye to rid it of the chemical or object causes redness and
`irritation. Signs and symptoms, which may include watery eyes and a mucous discharge, usually
`clear up on their own within about a day.
`
`If initial flushing doesn't resolve the symptoms, or if the chemical is a caustic one such as lye, you
`need to be seen by your doctor or eye specialist as soon as possible. A chemical splash into the
`eye can cause permanent eye damage. Persistent symptoms could also indicate that you still have
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`the foreign body in your eye — or possibly a scratch over the cornea or the covering of the eyeball
`(sclera).
`Risk factors
`
`Risk factors for pink eye include:
`
`Exposure to something for which you have an allergy (allergic conjunctivitis)
`Exposure to someone infected with the viral or bacterial form of conjunctivitis
`Using contact lenses, especially extended-wear lenses
`Complications
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`In both children and adults, pink eye can cause inflammation in the cornea that can affect vision.
`Prompt evaluation and treatment by your doctor for eye pain, a feeling that something is stuck in
`your eye (foreign body sensation), blurred vision or light sensitivity can reduce the risk of
`complications.
`Prevention
`Preventing the spread of pink eye
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`Practice good hygiene to control the spread of pink eye. For instance:
`
`Don't touch your eyes with your hands.
`Wash your hands often.
`Use a clean towel and washcloth daily.
`Don't share towels or washcloths.
`Change your pillowcases often.
`Throw away your eye cosmetics, such as mascara.
`Don't share eye cosmetics or personal eye care items.
`
`Keep in mind that pink eye is no more contagious than the common cold. It's okay to return to
`work, school or child care if you're not able to take time off — just stay consistent in practicing
`good hygiene.
`Preventing pink eye in newborns
`Newborns' eyes are susceptible to bacteria normally present in the mother's birth canal. These
`bacteria cause no symptoms in the mother. In rare cases, these bacteria can cause infants to
`develop a serious form of conjunctivitis known as ophthalmia neonatorum, which needs treatment
`without delay to preserve sight. That's why shortly after birth, an antibiotic ointment is applied to
`every newborn's eyes. The ointment helps prevent eye infection.
`
`By Mayo Clinic Staff
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