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`EXHIBIT A
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`Data Co Exhibit 1022
`Data Co v. Bright Data
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`802.11-2007 - IEEE Standard for Information Technology -
`Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between
`Systems - Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Specific
`Requirements - Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control
`(MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
`Publisher: IEEE
` PDF
`Cite This
`
`An Interpretation is available
`
`Superseded by IEEE Std 802.11-2012 (Revision of IEEE Std 802.11-2007)
`
`Revision of ANSI/IEEE Std 802.11, 1999 Edition (R2003)
`
`Status: Superseded
`
`31
`Paper
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`Abstract:This revision specifies technical corrections and clarifications to IEEE Std
`802.11 for wireless local area networks (WLANS) as well as enhancements to the
`existing mediu... View more
`
`Scope:The scope of this standard is to define one medium access control (MAC) and
`several physical layer (PHY) specifications for wireless connectivity for fixed, portable,
`and... View more
`
`Purpose:The purpose of this standard is to provide wireless connectivity to automatic
`machinery, equipment, or STAs that require rapid deployment, which may be portable or
`hand-h... View more
`
` Metadata
`Abstract:
`This revision specifies technical corrections and clarifications to IEEE Std 802.11 for
`wireless local area networks (WLANS) as well as enhancements to the existing medium
`
`Abstract
`
`Figures
`
`References
`
`Citations
`
`Keywords
`
`Definitions
`
`Metrics
`
`Versions
`
`Footnotes
`
`

`

`access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) functions. It also incorporates
`Amendments 1 through 8 including a corrigendum.
`
`Scope:
`The scope of this standard is to define one medium access control (MAC) and several
`physical layer (PHY) specifications for wireless connectivity for fixed, portable, and
`moving stations (STAs) within a local area.
`
`Purpose:
`The purpose of this standard is to provide wireless connectivity to automatic machinery,
`equipment, or STAs that require rapid deployment, which may be portable or hand-held,
`or which may be mounted on moving vehicles within a local area. This standard also
`offers regulatory bodies a means of standardizing access to one or more frequency
`bands for the purpose of local area communication. Specifically, this standard --
`Describes the functions and services required by an IEEE 802.11(TM)-compliant device
`to operate within ad hoc and infrastructure networks as well as the aspects of STA
`mobility (transition) within those networks. -- Defines the MAC procedures t...
`
`(Show More)
`
`Date of Publication: 12 June 2007
`
`DOI: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2007.373646
`
`Electronic ISBN:978-0-7381-5656-9
`
`ICS Code: 35.100.10 35.110 35.100.20 -
`Physical layer Networking Data link layer
`
`Persistent Link:
`https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?
`punumber=4248376
`
`Publisher: IEEE
`
`Figures
`
`References
`
`Citations
`
`Keywords
`
`Definitions
`
`Metrics
`
`Versions
`
`Footnotes
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`
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`

`

`IEEE Standard for
`Information technology—
`Telecommunications and information
`exchange between systems—
`Local and metropolitan area networks—
`Specific requirements
`
`Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC)
`and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
`
`IEEE Computer Society
`
`Sponsored by the
`LAN/MAN Standards Committee
`
`I E E E
`3 Park Avenue
`New York, NY 10016-5997, USA
`
`12 June 2007
`
`IEEE Std 802.11™-2007
`(Revision of
`IEEE Std 802.11-1999 )
`
`Authorized licensed use limited to: IEEE Staff. Downloaded on August 03,2021 at 17:03:33 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
`
`

`

`
`
`Authorized licensed use limited to: IEEE Staff. Downloaded on August 03,2021 at 17:03:33 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
`
`

`

`IEEE Std 802.11™-2007
`(Revision of
`IEEE Std 802.11-1999)
`
`IEEE Standard for
`Information Technology—
`Telecommunications and information
`exchange between systems—
`Local and metropolitan area networks—
`Specific requirements
`
`Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC)
`and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
`
`Sponsor
`LAN/MAN Committee
`of the
`IEEE Computer Society
`
`Approved 8 March 2007
`IEEE-SA Standards Board
`
`Authorized licensed use limited to: IEEE Staff. Downloaded on August 03,2021 at 17:03:33 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
`
`

`

`Abstract: This revision specifies technical corrections and clarifications to IEEE Std 802.11 for
`wireless local area networks (WLANS) as well as enhancements to the existing medium access
`control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) functions. It also incorporates Amendments 1 through 8
`including a corrigendum.
`Keywords: 2.4 GHz, 4.9 GHz, 5 GHz, advanced encryption standard, AES, carrier sense multiple
`access/collision avoidance, CCMP, Counter mode with Cipher-block chaining Message
`authentication code Protocol, confidentiality, CSMA/CA, DFS, dynamic frequency selection,
`international roaming, LAN, local area network, MAC, medium access controller, PHY, physical
`layer, QoS, quality of service, radio frequency, RF, temporal key integrity protocol, TKIP, TPC,
`transmit power control, wireless LAN, WLAN
`
`The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
`3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA
`
`Copyright © 2007 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
`All rights reserved. Published 12 June 2007. Printed in the United States of America.
`
`IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, owned by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
`Engineers, Incorporated.
`
`Print:
`PDF:
`
`ISBN 0-7381-5655-8 SH95708
`ISBN 0-7381-5656-6 SS95708
`
`No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior
`written permission of the publisher.
`
`Authorized licensed use limited to: IEEE Staff. Downloaded on August 03,2021 at 17:03:33 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
`
`

`

`IEEE Standards documents are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating
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`

`

`Introduction
`
`is not part of IEEE Std 802.11-2007, IEEE Standard for Information Technology—
`introduction
`This
`Telecommunications and information exchange between systems—Local and metropolitan area network—Specific
`requirements—Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications.
`
`This revision gives users, in one document, the IEEE 802.11 standard for wireless local area networks
`(WLANS) with all the amendments that have been published to date. The original standard was published in
`1999 and reaffirmed in 2003. The following documents have been rolled into this revision and are, therefore,
`now retired along with the original, reaffirmed edition of IEEE Std 802.11:
`— IEEE Std 802.11a™-1999 (Amendment 1)
`— IEEE Std 802.11b™-1999 (Amendment 2)
`— IEEE Std 802.11b-1999/Corrigendum 1-2001
`— IEEE Std 802.11d™-2001 (Amendment 3)
`— IEEE Std 802.11g™-2003 (Amendment 4)
`— IEEE Std 802.11h™-2003 (Amendment 5)
`— IEEE Std 802.11i™-2004 (Amendment 6)
`— IEEE Std 802.11j™-2004 (Amendment 7)
`— IEEE Std 802.11e™-2005 (Amendment 8)
`
`In addition, this revision specifies technical corrections and clarifications to IEEE Std 802.11 as well as
`enhancements to the existing medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) functions. Such
`enhancements include improved data link security, codified vendor-specific extensions to the protocol, and
`incorporated interpretation requests.
`
`Notice to users
`
`Errata
`
`Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http://
`standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for
`errata periodically.
`
`Interpretations
`
`Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http://standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/
`index.html.
`
`Patents
`
`Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter
`covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or
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`Department.
`
`iv
`
`Copyright © 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved.
`
`Authorized licensed use limited to: IEEE Staff. Downloaded on August 03,2021 at 17:03:33 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
`
`

`

`Participants
`
`At the time the draft of this revision was sent to sponsor ballot, the IEEE 802.11 Working Group had the
`following officers:
`
`Stuart J. Kerry, Chair
`Al Petrick, Vice-Chair and Treasurer
`Harry R. Worstell, Vice-Chair
`Tim Godfrey, Secretary
`Nanci Vogtli, Publicity Standing Committee
`Teik-Kheong Tan, Chair, Wireless Next Generation Standing Committee
`Terry L. Cole and Simon Barber, Technical Editors
`
`Richard H. Paine, Chair, Task Group k
`Bruce P. Kraemer, Chair, Task Group n
`Sheung Li, Vice-Chair, Task Group n
`Lee Armstrong, Chair, Task Group p
`Clint Chaplin, Chair, Task Group r
`Donald E. Eastlake III, Chair, Task Group s
`Charles R. Wright, Chair, Task Group t
`Stephen McCann, Chair, Task Group u
`Pat R. Calhoun, Chair, Task Group v
`Jesse Walker, Chair, Task Group w
`Peter Ecclesine, Chair, Contention-Based Protocol Study Group
`
`When the IEEE 802.11 Working Group approved this revision, Task Group m had the following
`membership:
`
`Bernard D. Aboba
`Osama S. Aboul-Magd
`Santosh P. Abraham
`Tomoko Adachi
`Jonathan R. Agre
`Jon Adams
`Carlos H. Aldana
`Thomas Alexander
`Areg Alimian
`Keith Amann
`Veera Anantha
`Merwyn B. Andrade
`Carl F. Andren
`Scott Andrews
`David C. Andrus
`Hidenori Aoki
`Tsuguhide Aoki
`Michimasa Aramaki
`Takashi Aramaki
`Sirikiat Lek Ariyavisitakul
`Lee R. Armstrong
`Larry Arnett
`Yusuke Asai
`Arthur W. Astrin
`Malik Audeh
`Geert A. Awater
`David Bagby
`Michael Bahr
`Dennis J. Baker
`
`Robert O’Hara, Chair
`Terry L. Cole, Editor
`Ramanathan Balachander
`Simon Barber
`Richard N. Barnwell
`John R. Barr
`Kevin M. Barry
`Charles R. Bartel
`Burak H. Baysal
`John L. Benko
`Mathilde Benveniste
`Don Berry
`Nehru Bhandaru
`Yogesh B. Bhatt
`Bjorn A. Bjerke
`Simon Black
`Scott Blue
`Jan Boer
`Herve Bonneville
`William M. Brasier
`Alistair G. Buttar
`Pat R. Calhoun
`Nancy Cam-Winget
`Necati Canpolat
`Bill Carney
`Pat Carson
`Broady B. Cash
`RongFeng Chang
`Clint F. Chaplin
`Amalavoyal Chari
`James Chen
`
`Jeng-Hong Chen
`Shiuh Chen
`Ye Chen
`Yi-Ming Chen
`Alexander L. Cheng
`Hong Cheng
`Greg L. Chesson
`Aik Chindapol
`Sunghyun Choi
`Won-Joon Choi
`Liwen Chu
`Dong-Ming Chuang
`Ken Clements
`John T. Coffey
`W. Steven Conner
`Charles I. Cook
`Kenneth Cook
`Steven Crowley
`Marc de Courville
`Rolf J. De Vegt
`Sabine Demel
`Yoshiharu Doi
`Brett L. Douglas
`Baris B. Dundar
`Chris Durand
`Roger P. Durand
`Sebastien Dure
`Yaron Dycian
`Donald E. Eastlake
`Peter Ecclesine
`
`Copyright © 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved.
`
`v
`
`Authorized licensed use limited to: IEEE Staff. Downloaded on August 03,2021 at 17:03:33 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
`
`

`

`Richard Eckard
`Jonathan P. Edney
`Bruce Edwards
`John Egan
`Stephen P. Emeott
`Marc Emmelmann
`Darwin Engwer
`Joseph Epstein
`Patrik Eriksson
`Mustafa Eroz
`Andrew X. Estrada
`Christoph Euscher
`Stefano M. Faccin
`John C. Fakatselis
`Lars P. Falk
`Steve W. Fantaske
`Michael Faulkner
`Paul H. Feinberg
`Alex Feldman
`Matthew J. Fischer
`Wayne K. Fisher
`Michael D. Foegelle
`Brian Ford
`Guido Frederiks
`Benoit Fremont
`Takashi Fukagawa
`Hiroshi Furukawa
`James Gardner
`Monisha Ghosh
`James P. K. Gilb
`Jeffrey M. Gilbert
`Tim Godfrey
`Sandesh Goel
`Wataru Gohda
`Sudheer Grandhi
`Gordon P. Gray
`Paul K. Gray
`Larry Green
`Daqing Gu
`Srikanth Gumamdi
`David Gurevich
`Fred Haisch
`Robert J. Hall
`Neil N. Hamady
`Seishi Hanaoka
`Christopher J. Hansen
`James J. Harford
`Daniel N. Harkins
`Brian D. Hart
`Chris Hartman
`Thomas Haslestad
`Amer A. Hassan
`Vann (William) Hasty
`James P. Hauser
`Yutaka Hayakawa
`Shigenori Hayase
`Kevin V. Hayes
`Haixiang He
`David J. Hedberg
`Robert F. Heile
`Gregory Scott Henderson
`Eleanor Hepworth
`Frans M. Hermodsson
`
`Karl F. Heubaum
`Odagiri Hideaki
`Guido R. Hiertz
`Garth D. Hillman
`Christopher S. Hinsz
`Michael M. Hoghooghi
`Allen Hollister
`Hooman Honary
`William D. Horne
`Henry Horng
`Yungping A. Hsu
`David Hunter
`Muhammad Z. Ikram
`Daichi Imamura
`Yasuhiko Inoue
`Kazuhito Ishida
`Takashi Ishidoshiro
`Takumi Ito
`Lakshmi Iyer
`Eric A. Jacobsen
`Marc Jalfon
`KyungHun Jang
`Yuh-Ren Jauh
`Ho-In J. Jeon
`Taehyun Jeon
`Jorjeta G. Jetcheva
`Lusheng Ji
`Yung-Yih Jian
`Jari E. Jokela
`VK Jones
`Bobby Jose
`Avinash Joshi
`Tyan-Shu Jou
`Carl W. Kain
`Naveen K. Kakani
`Srinivas Kandala
`Shantanu Kangude
`Jeyhan Karaoguz
`Kevin J. Karcz
`Pankaj R. Karnik
`Assaf Y. Kasher
`Masato Kato
`Douglas Kavner
`Patrick Kelly
`Stuart J. Kerry
`John W. Ketchum
`Ryoji Kido
`Tomohiro Kikuma
`JinKyeong (Joseph) Kim
`Joonsuk Kim
`Yongsuk Kim
`Youngsoo Kim
`Ziv Kimhi
`Shigeo Kishimoto
`Guenter Kleindl
`Jarkko Kneckt
`Kiyotaka Kobayashi
`Mark M. Kobayashi
`Keiichiro Koga
`Andrei Kojukhov
`Thomas Kolze
`George Kondylis
`Rahul Kopikar
`
`John M. Kowalski
`Bruce P. Kraemer
`Jan P. Kruys
`Thomas Kuehnel
`Rajneesh Kumar
`Takushi Kunihiro
`Ted Kuo
`Thomas M. Kurihara
`Denis Kuwahara
`Bo Kvarnstrom
`Joe Kwak
`Edwin Kwon
`Paul Lambert
`David S. Landeta
`Jeremy A. Landt
`Joseph P. Lauer
`David J. Leach
`Dongjun Lee
`Insun Lee
`Myung J. Lee
`Sung-Won Lee
`Tae-Jin Lee
`Martin Lefkowitz
`Uriel Lemberger
`Joseph Levy
`Scott Leyonhjelm
`Jia-Ru Li
`Pen Li
`Sheung Li
`Yuan Li
`Haixiang Liang
`Jie Liang
`Wei Lih Lim
`Huashih A. Lin
`Albert Liu
`Changwen Liu
`Der-Zheng Liu
`Ed W. Liu
`Hang Liu
`I-Ru Liu
`Jason Liu
`Xiaoyu Liu
`Yong Liu
`Peter Loc
`Peter M. Lojko
`Hui-Ling Lou
`Phil MacKenzie
`Doug K. Makishima
`Majid M. Malek
`Jouni K. Malinen
`Mahalingam Mani
`Kevin Mankin
`William Marshall
`Art Martin
`Tomoyuki Matsumoto
`Yoichi Matsumoto
`Ryoko Matsuo
`Sudheer Matta
`Thomas A. Maufer
`Stephen McCann
`Kelly P. McClellan
`William J. McFarland
`Timothy McGovern
`Darren P. McNamara
`
`vi
`
`Copyright © 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved.
`
`Authorized licensed use limited to: IEEE Staff. Downloaded on August 03,2021 at 17:03:33 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
`
`

`

`Justin P. McNew
`Irina Medvedev
`Pratik Mehta
`Mark G. Merrill
`Klaus Meyer
`Arnaud Meylan
`Morgan H. Miki
`Robert R. Miller
`Seungwook Min
`Cimarron Mittelsteadt
`Fanny Mlinarsky
`Andreas F. Molisch
`Michael Montemurro
`Rondal J. Moore
`Rajendra T. Moorti
`Mike Moreton
`Yuichi Morioka
`Steven A. Morley
`Patrick Mourot
`Markus D. Muck
`Syed Aon Mujtaba
`Peter A. Murphy
`Peter Murray
`Andrew Myles
`Yukimasa Nagai
`Tetsuya Nakamura
`Seigo Nakao
`Hiroyuki Nakase
`Bhaskar Nallapureddy
`Seung Hoon Nam
`Sanjiv Nanda
`Partha Narasimhan
`Slobodan Nedic
`Paul D. Newton
`Chiu Ngo
`Qiang Ni
`Gunnar Nitsche
`Huaning Niu
`Erwin Noble
`Richard H. Noens
`Ivan F. Oakes
`Knut T. Odman
`Masakatsu Ogawa
`Hiroshi Oguma
`Eric J. Ojard
`Chandra S. Olson
`Timothy S. Olson
`Jon O’Nan
`Job Oostveen
`Satoshi Oyama
`Sebnem Z. Ozer
`Richard H. Paine
`Michael J. Paljug
`Stephen Palm
`Ashish Pandharipande
`Paul W. Panish
`Thomas Pare
`Jong Ae Park
`Steve Parker
`Kourosh Parsa
`Yaron Peleg
`Eldad Perahia
`James E. Petranovich
`
`Al Petrick
`Fahd Pirzada
`Joe Pitarresi
`Subbu Ponnuswamy
`Neeraj Poojary
`Stephen P. Pope
`James D. Portaro
`Henry Ptasinski
`Aleksandar Purkovic
`Emily H. Qi
`Luke Qian
`Jim E. Raab
`Ali Raissinia
`Ajay Rajkumar
`Taori Rakesh
`Sridhar Ramesh
`Noman Rangwala
`Gregg Rasor
`Stephen G. Rayment
`Ivan Reede
`Stanley A. Reible
`Joe A. Repice
`Edward Reuss
`Maximilian Riegel
`Eilon Riess
`Carlos A. Rios
`Randy Roebuck
`Justinian Rosca
`Jon W. Rosdahl
`Michael Rude
`Marian X. Rudolf
`Bahareh Sadeghi
`Emek Sadot
`Yousuf Saifullah
`Kazuyuki Sakoda
`Atul Salhotra
`Hemanth Sampath
`Anil Sanwalka
`Octavian V. Sarca
`Toshiyuki Sashihara
`Ambatipudi R. Sastry
`Monica Saxena
`Vincenzo Scarpa
`Richard N. Schnacke
`Steven D. Schnier
`Erik Schylander
`Michael Seals
`Joe Sensendorf
`Vikram Seth
`Ariel Sharon
`Stephen J. Shellhammer
`Ian Sherlock
`Matthew J. Sherman
`Ming Sheu
`Shusaku Shimada
`Takashi Shono
`William M. Shvodian
`D. J. Shyy
`Thomas M. Siep
`Floyd Simpson
`Massimiliano Siti
`Roger R. Skidmore
`Matt Smith
`
`Kapil Sood
`Amjad Soomro
`Robert T. Soranno
`Ranga Srinivasan
`Robert Stacey
`R. J. Stancavage
`Dorothy Stanley
`Martin J. Staszak
`William K. Steck
`Adrian P. Stephens
`Fabrice Stevens
`Carl R. Stevenson
`Victor J. Stolpman
`Guenael T. Strutt
`Tsutomu Sugawara
`Sumei Sun
`Shravan K. Surineni
`Hirokazu Tagiri
`Eiji Takagi
`Masahiro Takagi
`Seiichiro Takahashi
`Mineo Takai
`Daisuke Takeda
`Sonal Tambe
`Pek-Yew Tan
`Teik-Kheong Tan
`Hideki Tanaka
`Yasuhiro Tanaka
`Jeffrey Tao
`Clifford Tavares
`Stephan Ten Brink
`Jerry Thrasher
`Eric T. Tokubo
`Alexander Tolpin
`James D. Tomcik
`Timothy P. Towell
`Jason Trachewsky
`Solomon B. Trainin
`Jean Tsao
`Rodger Tseng
`Chih C. Tsien
`Tom Tsoulogiannis
`David Tung
`Sandra L. Turner
`Mike E. Tzamaloukas
`Yusuke Uchida
`Stefano Valle
`Niels Van Erven
`Richard van Leeuwen
`Richard D. J. Van Nee
`Bart Van Poucke
`Nico J. van Waes
`Allert van Zelst
`Fabian Varas
`Dmitri Varsanofiev
`Dalton T. Victor
`Bert Visscher
`George A. Vlantis
`Nanci Vogtli
`Tim Wakeley
`Jesse R. Walker
`Brad N. Wallace
`Vivek Wandile
`Huaiyuan Wang
`
`Copyright © 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved.
`
`vii
`
`Authorized licensed use limited to: IEEE Staff. Downloaded on August 03,2021 at 17:03:33 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
`
`

`

`Christopher G. Ware
`Craig D. Warren
`Fujio Watanabe
`Mati A. Wax
`Mark Webster
`Bryan Wells
`Jim Wendt
`Menzo M. Wentink
`Filip Weytjens
`Stephen R. Whitesell
`Richard Williams
`James M. Wilson
`Jack H. Winters
`Jeffrey J. Wojtiuk
`Jin Kue Wong
`
`Timothy G. Wong
`Marcus Wong
`James Woodyatt
`Harry R. Worstell
`Charles R. Wright
`Gang Wu
`Ariton Xhafa
`Bo Xia
`Akiyoshi Yagi
`Katsuhiko Yamada
`Takeshi Yamamoto
`Tomoya Yamaura
`Lily Yang
`Raziq Yaqub
`
`Huanchun Ye
`James Yee
`Chi-Hsiang Yeh
`Chris Young
`Heejung Yu
`Hon M. Yung
`Erol K. Yurtkuran
`Artur Zaks
`Eldad Zeira
`Jinyun Zhang
`Chunhui Zhu
`Jeffrey C. Zhu
`Juan-Carlos Zuniga
`Johnny Zweig
`James Zyren
`
`The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this revision. Balloters may have
`voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention.
`James P. Gilb
`Ahmed Abdelhalim
`Nikhil Goel
`Osama S. Aboulmagd
`Sergiu R. Goma
`Tomoko Adachi
`Randall C. Groves
`Toru Aihara
`Robert M. Grow
`Keith Amann
`C. G. Guy
`Butch Anton
`Siamack Haghighi
`Charles L. Barest
`David E. Halasz
`John R. Barr
`Samudra E. Haque
`Hugh Barrass
`Karl F. Heubaum
`Roger Berg
`Shui H. Heung
`Parag D. Bhatt
`Gennaro Boggia
`Werner Hoelzl
`Matthew K. Burnburg
`Dennis Horwitz
`Yasuhiko Inoue
`Alistair G. Buttar
`Sergiu A. Iordanescu
`William A. Byrd
`Atsushi Ito
`James T. Carlo
`Peeya Iwagoshi
`Jay Catelli
`Clint F. Chaplin
`Raj Jain
`Yi-Ming Chen
`David Johnston
`Bobby Jose
`Yung-Mu Chen
`Srinivas Kandala
`Mr Aik Chindapol
`Junghong Kao
`Keith Chow
`Efthymios G. Karabetsos
`Tommy P. Cooper
`Javier Del-Prado-Pavon
`Kevin J. Karcz
`Kalyan R. Dharanipragada
`Stuart J. Kerry
`Brian G. Kiernan
`Thomas J. Dineen
`Yongbum Kim
`Surinder K. Dureja
`Patrick W. Kinney
`Sourav K. Dutta
`Peter Ecclesine
`Gunter Kleindl
`Darwin A. Engwer
`Thomas M. Kurihara
`John W. Fendrich
`Jeremy A. Landt
`Juan L. Lazaro
`Michael A. Fischer
`Solomon Lee
`Wayne K. Fisher
`John Lemon
`Andre F. Fournier
`Devon L. Gayle
`Daniel G. Levesque
`Michael D. Geipel
`Joseph S. Levy
`Fernando Genkuong
`Jan-Ray Liao
`William Lumpkins
`Theodore Georgantas
`Ian C. Gifford
`
`G. L. Luri
`Kevin D. Marquess
`George J. Miao
`William J. Mitchell
`Jose Morales
`Mike Moreton
`Ronald G. Murias
`Andrew F. Myles
`M. Narayanan
`Michael S. Newman
`Erwin R. Noble
`Richard H. Noens
`Satoshi Obara
`Robert O’hara
`Stephen R. Palm
`Glenn W. Parsons
`Paul W. Piggin
`Subburajan Ponnuswamy
`Vikram Punj
`Maximilian Riegel
`Philip T. Robinson
`Stephen C. Schwarm
`Perry L. Schwartz
`William M. Shvodian
`Floyd D. Simpson
`Jung Je Son
`Amjad A. Soomro
`Manikantan Srinivasan
`Dorothy V. Stanley
`Thomas E. Starai
`Adrian P. Stephens
`Mark A. Sturza
`Masahiro Takagi
`Sandra L. Turner
`Mark-Rene Uchida
`Harry R. Worstell
`Forrest D. Wright
`Oren Yuen
`Janusz Zalewski
`
`viii
`
`Copyright © 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved.
`
`Authorized licensed use limited to: IEEE Staff. Downloaded on August 03,2021 at 17:03:33 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
`
`

`

`When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this revision on 8 March 2007, it had the following
`membership:
`
`Steve M. Mills, Chair
`Robert M. Grow, Vice Chair
`Don Wright, Past Chair
`Judith Gorman, Secretary
`Richard H. Hulett
`Hermann Koch
`Joseph L. Koepfinger*
`John Kulick
`David J. Law
`Glenn Parsons
`Ronald C. Petersen
`Tom A. Prevost
`
`Narayanan Ramachandran
`Greg Ratta
`Robby Robson
`Anne-Marie Sahazizian
`Virginia C. Sulzberger*
`Malcolm V. Thaden
`Richard L. Townsend
`Howard L. Wolfman
`
`Richard DeBlasio
`Julian Forster*
`Alex Gelman
`William R. Goldbach
`Arnold M. Greenspan
`Joanna N. Guenin
`Kenneth S. Hanus
`William B. Hopf
`
`*Member Emeritus
`
`Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons:
`
`Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative
`Alan H. Cookson, NIST Representative
`Virginia C. Sulzberger, Member/TAB Representative
`
`Michelle D. Turner
`IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development
`
`Michael D. Kipness
`IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development
`
`Copyright © 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved.
`
`ix
`
`Authorized licensed use limited to: IEEE Staff. Downloaded on August 03,2021 at 17:03:33 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
`
`

`

`Contents
`
`1.
`
`Overview.............................................................................................................................................. 1
`
`1.1
`1.2
`
`Scope......................................................................................................................................... 1
`Purpose...................................................................................................................................... 1
`
`Normative references........................................................................................................................... 3
`
`Definitions ........................................................................................................................................... 5
`
`Abbreviations and acronyms ............................................................................................................. 17
`
`General description ............................................................................................................................ 23
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`4.
`
`5.
`
`5.1
`
`5.2
`
`5.3
`
`5.4
`
`General description of the architecture ................................................................................... 23
`5.1.1
`How WLAN systems are different .......................................................................... 23
`5.1.1.1
`Destination address does not equal destination location ....................... 23
`5.1.1.2 Media impact on design and performance............................................. 23
`5.1.1.3
`The impact of handling mobile STAs.................................................... 23
`5.1.1.4
`Interaction with other IEEE 802® layers............................................... 24
`5.1.1.5
`Interaction with non-IEEE-802 protocols.............................................. 24
`Components of the IEEE 802.11 architecture......................................................................... 24
`5.2.1
`The independent BSS (IBSS) as an ad hoc network................................................ 25
`5.2.2
`STA membership in a BSS is dynamic.................................................................... 25
`5.2.3
`Distribution system (DS) concepts .......................................................................... 25
`5.2.3.1
`Extended service set (ESS): The large coverage network ..................... 26
`5.2.3.2
`RSNA..................................................................................................... 27
`Area concepts........................................................................................................... 27
`5.2.4
`Integration with wired LANs................................................................................... 29
`5.2.5
`QoS BSS: The QoS network.................................................................................... 30
`5.2.6
`Logical service interfaces........................................................................................................ 31
`5.3.1
`SS ............................................................................................................................. 31
`5.3.2
`DSS .......................................................................................................................... 32
`Overview of the services......................................................................................................... 32
`5.4.1
`Distribution of messages within a DS...................................................................... 33
`5.4.1.1
`Distribution ............................................................................................ 33
`5.4.1.2
`Integration.............................................................................................. 34
`5.4.1.3
`QoS traffic scheduling ........................................................................... 34
`Services that support the distribution service .......................................................... 34
`5.4.2.1 Mobility types ........................................................................................ 34
`5.4.2.2
`Association............................................................................................. 35
`5.4.2.3
`Reassociation ....................