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`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
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`APPLE INC.,
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`Petitioner
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`v.
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`BILLJCO LLC,
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`Patent Owner
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`CASE: IPR2022-00131
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`U.S. PATENT NO. 8,639,267
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`PATENT OWNER’S PRELIMINARY RESPONSE
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`PURSUANT TO 35 U.S.C. § 313 AND 37 C.F.R. § 42.107(a)
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`39612871.2
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
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`Page
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`I.
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`II.
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`INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... - 1 -
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`ALLEGED GROUNDS OF UNPATENTABILITY ................................. - 3 -
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`III. THE ‘267 PATENT .................................................................................... - 3 -
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`IV. PETITIONER DISREGARDS THE “DESTINATION IDENTITY”
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`RECITED IN EACH OF THE INDEPENDENT CLAIMS................................. - 4 -
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`A. Neither of the primary references teach or suggest the recited
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`“destination identity”. ........................................................................................... - 5 -
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`B.
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`Petitioner’s reliance on Boger doubles down on its mistaken
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`interpretation. ........................................................................................................ - 7 -
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`V.
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`“PREFERENCES” ARE NOT “PRIVILEGES” ....................................... - 8 -
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`VI. THE PETITION SHOULD BE DENIED UNDER § 314(A) .................... - 9 -
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`A.
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`B.
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`C.
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`D.
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`E.
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`D.
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`Fintiv Factor 1–Likelihood of Stay ................................................ - 10 -
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`Fintiv Factor 2–Trial Date Versus FWD Due Date ....................... - 11 -
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`Fintiv Factor 3–Investment in the Proceeding ............................... - 11 -
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`Fintiv Factor 4–Overlap of Issues .................................................. - 12 -
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`Fintiv Factor 5–Identity of Parties ................................................. - 13 -
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`Fintiv Factor 6–Other Circumstances ............................................ - 14 -
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`VII. CONCLUSION ......................................................................................... - 15 -
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`IPR2022-00131
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`I.
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`INTRODUCTION
`Petitioner Apple, Inc. (“Petitioner”) has not met its burden in demonstrating
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`that U.S. Patent No. 8,639,267 (“the ‘267 patent”) is more likely than not invalid,
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`and, as such, institution should be denied.
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`Petitioner’s contention that the challenged claims of the ‘267 patent are
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`invalid as obvious lacks merit. Petitioner relies on two primary prior art references—
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`U.S. Patent Application Publication US 2005/0096044 A1 to Haberman (Ex. 1004)
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`and U.S. Patent Application Publication US 2002/0132614 A1 to Vanluijt (Ex.
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`1006). The Petition is facially defective in that it fails to demonstrate “a reasonable
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`likelihood that the Petitioner would prevail with respect to at least one of the claims
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`challenged in the petition” under 35 U.S.C. § 314(a).
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`Petitioner’s obviousness arguments fail because none of the cited references
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`teach or suggest the recited “matching privilege [...] relating the originating identity
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`of the whereabouts data with a destination identity of the whereabouts data”. This
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`“privilege data [is] stored local to the mobile data processing system”. The primary
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`references (Haberman and Vanluijt) are silent regarding any destination address.
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`The secondary reference (Boger) includes the address of the receiving phone in the
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`message, leaving no destination identity to match upon receipt.
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`Neither the Petition, nor the declaration submitted by Petitioner’s expert,
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`provide an articulated reasoning with a rational underpinning to support a legal
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`conclusion of obviousness. KSR Int’l Co. v. Teleflex, Inc., 550 U.S. 398, 418 (2007),
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`quoting In re Kahn, 441 F.3d 977, 988 (Fed. Cir. 2006). The Petition only provides
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`“mere conclusory statement[s]” (id.) that the claims are obvious, and lacks cogent
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`reasoning as to why a person of ordinary skill in the art would modify or combine
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`the cited references in the specific manner that is recited in each of the challenged
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`claims.
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`Petitioner’s expert declaration (Ex. 1002) merely repeats the attorney
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`arguments in the Petition (often verbatim).
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`In summary, the IPR Petition fails to show a reasonable likelihood that at least
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`one of the challenged claims of the ‘267 patent is unpatentable. The Board should
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`not institute inter partes review of the ‘267 patent and should deny the Petition in its
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`entirety.
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`II. ALLEGED GROUNDS OF UNPATENTABILITY
`Petitioner alleges the following grounds of unpatentability under 35 U.S.C.
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`§ 103 against independent claims 1 and 29 and dependent claims 5, 13, 20, 21, 30,
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`34, 42, and 49. Pet. 4. All are deficient in meeting the challenged claims.1
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` Grounds Reference(s)
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`Challenged Claims
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`1. § 103
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`Haberman
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`1, 5, 13, 20, 21, 29, 30, 34, 42, 49
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`2. § 103
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`Haberman in view of Boger 1, 5, 13, 20, 21, 29, 30, 34, 42, 49
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`3. § 103
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`Vanluijt
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`1, 5, 13, 20, 21, 29, 30, 34, 42, 49
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`III. THE ‘267 PATENT
`The ‘267 Patent enables the automatic location based exchange processing
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`by a mobile data processing system. The claimed methods and systems recite:
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` presenting a user interface to a user of the mobile data processing system,
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`the user interface for configuring privilege data relating the mobile data
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`processing system with a remote data processing system, the privilege data
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`stored local to the mobile data processing system and searched upon receipt
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`of whereabouts data received for processing by the mobile data processing
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`system;
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`1 Patent Owner appreciates Petitioner’s recognition that the claims “should be
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`interpreted according to their plain and ordinary meaning.” Pet. 7.
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` receiving, for processing by the mobile data processing system, the
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`whereabouts data including an originating identity of the whereabouts data;
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` searching, by the mobile data processing system, the privilege data stored
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`local to the mobile data processing system for a matching privilege upon the
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`receiving, for processing by the mobile data processing system, the
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`whereabouts data, wherein the matching privilege is configured for relating
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`the originating identity of the whereabouts data with a destination identity of
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`the whereabouts data to permit trigger of a privileged action for the receipt
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`of whereabouts data received for processing by the mobile data processing
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`system; and
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` performing the privileged action at the mobile data processing system upon
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`finding the matching privilege, after the searching, by the mobile data
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`processing system, the privilege data stored local to the mobile data
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`processing system.
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`The ‘267 Patent enables the automatic performance of privileged actions
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`based on the receipt of whereabouts data.
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`IV. PETITIONER DISREGARDS THE “DESTINATION IDENTITY”
`RECITED IN EACH OF THE INDEPENDENT CLAIMS
`Both of independent claims 1 and 29 recite “wherein the matching privilege
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`is configured for relating the originating identity of the whereabouts data with a
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`destination identity of the whereabouts data to permit trigger of a privileged action
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`for the receipt of whereabouts data received for processing by the mobile data
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`processing system”, which Petitioner refers to as [1.c][i] and [29.e][i].
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`A. Neither of the primary references teach or suggest the recited
`“destination identity”.
`Petitioner argues that the recited “destination identity” feature is met by the
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`receiving device itself. Pet. 23 & 55-56. Specifically, Petitioner asserts (with
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`identical parallelism) that:
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`Petition
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`Primary
`Reference
`Haberman Page 23
`The matching privilege relates
`the originating identity with the
`destination identity (e.g., the
`mobile device). The preferences
`profile generated by the user is
`unique to the user and that
`mobile device. The “destination
`identity” encompasses terminals
`for which the content being
`broadcast is preferred.
`Accordingly, by identifying a
`portion of the preferences profile
`that matches a portion of the
`whereabouts data, the matching
`privilege relates the originating
`identity of the whereabouts data
`with the destination identity of
`the whereabouts data. EX1002,
`¶89.
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`La Porta Declaration
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`Page 38, ¶ 89
`The matching privilege relates
`the originating identity with the
`destination identity (e.g., the
`mobile device). The preferences
`profile generated by the user is
`unique to the user and that
`mobile device. The “destination
`identity” encompasses terminals
`for which the content being
`broadcast is preferred.
`Accordingly, by identifying a
`portion of the preferences profile
`that matches a portion of the
`whereabouts data, the matching
`privilege relates the originating
`identity of the whereabouts data
`with the destination identity of
`the whereabouts data.
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`Vanluijt
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`IPR2022-00131
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`Pages 55-56
`The matching privilege relates
`the originating identity with the
`destination identity (e.g., a
`preference of the user) in that the
`matching privilege portion of the
`broadcast (e.g., the originating
`identity) matches at least one
`preference set by the user (e.g.,
`destination identity). EX1002,
`¶160.
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`For example, the user of mobile
`device 130 can set a preference
`that the user only wishes to be
`alerted for transmissions
`originating from Store X in a
`shopping mall. In this manner,
`Vanluijt teaches matching the
`originating identity (“Store X”)
`with the destination identity
`(e.g., devices on which a
`preference has been set to accept
`transmissions having an
`originating identity of Store X).
`EX1002, ¶161.
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`Page 71, ¶ 160 & 161
`The matching privilege relates
`the originating identity with the
`destination identity (e.g., a
`preference of the user) in that the
`matching privilege portion of the
`broadcast (e.g., the originating
`identity) matches at least one
`preference set by the user (e.g.,
`destination identity).
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`For example, the user of mobile
`device 130 can set a preference
`that the user only wishes to be
`alerted for transmissions
`originating from Store X in a
`shopping mall. In this manner,
`Vanluijt teaches matching the
`originating identity (“Store X”)
`with the destination identity
`(e.g., devices on which a
`preference has been set to accept
`transmissions having an
`originating identity of Store X).
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`Petitioner’s argument renders the term “destination identity” superfluous or
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`redundant. If independent claims 1 and 29 were so broad so as encompass the
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`receiving device being the destination, then there would be no need for the recited
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`“matching privilege [...] relating the originating identity of the whereabouts data
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`with a destination identity of the whereabouts data”. Instead, Patent Owner
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`could have merely recited screening originating identities.
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`Petitioner needs to gloss over the recited “matching privilege [...] relating
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`the originating identity of the whereabouts data with a destination identity of the
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`whereabouts data” because both Haberman and Vanluijt disclose simple devices
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`that:
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` in the case of Haberman, simply “SCAN[s]” incoming broadcast content for
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`preferred informational content and “PRESENT[s]” preferred informational
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`content (EX1004 at 0010); and
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` in the case of Vanluijt, “filter[s]” beaconed content according to “pre-stored
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`user preferences” (EX1006 at ¶ [0058]).
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`Neither Haberman nor Vanluijt provide any destination-based matching as
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`recited by the claims. Rather, if the content is received and contains content that
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`matches the user’s preferences, that is good enough for the references. Notably,
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`this does not facilitate the location-aware-app ecosystem provided by Petitioner’s
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`iOS and iPadOS operating systems.
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`B.
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`Petitioner’s reliance on Boger doubles down on its mistaken
`interpretation.
`Petitioner argues that, “to the extent that Patent Owner argues that
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`Haberman does not explicitly provide that the matching privilege is configured for
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`relating the originating identity of the whereabouts data with a destination identity
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`of the whereabouts data, Boger teaches doing so.” Pet. 35. Specifically, Petitioner
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`asserts that, “Boger teaches explicitly that a Bluetooth packet includes an address
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`(e.g., AM_ADDR) of the device for which the packet is intended. EX1005, [0009];
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`EX1002, ¶118.”
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`Just like Petitioner’s arguments with regard to the primary references
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`(Haberman and Vanluijt), this is untethered from the language of the claims. As
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`discussed above, Petitioner’s obviousness arguments fail not because Haberman
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`and Vanluijt do not teach including a specific address for the receiving device.
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`Rather, Petitioner’s obviousness arguments fail because none of the cited
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`references teach or suggest the recited recited “matching privilege [...] relating the
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`originating identity of the whereabouts data with a destination identity of the
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`whereabouts data”. This “privilege data [is] stored local to the mobile data
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`processing system”. Thus, the inclusion of an address in Boger’s packet does not
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`and cannot backfill the lack of a locally stored matching privilege in any of the
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`primary references.
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`V.
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`“PREFERENCES” ARE NOT “PRIVILEGES”
`Petitioner conflates the “preferences” disclosed by Haberman and Vanluijt
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`with the “privilege data” recited by the claims. See, e.g., Pet. 14 (“‘preferences
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`profile’ (i.e., privilege data)”).
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`However, a “privilege” has a well-defined plain-and-ordinary meaning
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`within the software field. For example, the McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific
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`and Technical Terms defines “privileged instruction” as “A class of instructions,
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`usually including storage protection setting, interrupt handling, timer control,
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`input/output, and special processor status-setting instructions, that can be
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`executed only when the computer is in a special privileged mode that is
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`generally available to an operating or executive system, but not to user
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`programs.” EX2007 p 3 (Emphasis added.)
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`Neither Haberman nor Vanluijt provide any teaching or suggestion that the
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`content filtering is performed in a manner that is capable of utilizing privileges.
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`Indeed, this is not surprising given the mere display of relevant content in both
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`references.
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`VI. THE PETITION SHOULD BE DENIED UNDER § 314(A)
`Patent Owner contends that, in view of the pending litigation in the Western
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`District of Texas (“WDTX”) -- BillJCo v. Apple Inc., Case No. 6:21-cv-00528-ADA
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`(“Litigation”), the Fintiv factors enumerated below weigh in favor of discretionary
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`denial. Apple Inc. v. Fintiv, IPR2020-00019, Paper 11, 5-6 (PTAB Mar. 20, 2020)
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`(precedential).
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`Preliminarily, Petitioner stated that it was challenging venue in the Litigation
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`and had moved to transfer the Litigation to the Northern District of California. Pet.
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`at 62. Petitioner’s motion to transfer, however, was denied on February 17, 2022
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`(corrected March 1, 2022). EX2001. [Public Version].
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`A. Fintiv Factor 1–Likelihood of Stay
`Petitioner advised that it will move to stay the Litigation if the IPR is
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`instituted. Pet. at 62. Petitioner contended that institution of an IPR would provide
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`an opportunity to simplify the Litigation, which would increase the likelihood that a
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`stay would be granted. Pet. at 62. Petitioner also contended that a finding of
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`invalidity in the IPR would “relieve the Western District of Texas of the need to
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`continue with the companion litigation for the ‘867 patent.” Pet. at 62. Neither
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`contention is correct.
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`First, unless all claims asserted in the Litigation are found invalid in the IPR,
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`the district court will not be relieved of the need to continue with the Litigation.
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`Second, a stay is not likely to be granted on a contested motion in the WDTX. As
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`the “LegalMetric District Report Texas Western District Court in Patent Cases,
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`January, 2017–September, 2021” (EX2002) reveals, stays pending an IPR were
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`granted in the WDTX only 36.4% of the time during the five-year reporting period.
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`Id., p.3. The percentage is even lower for the judge assigned to the Litigation, Judge
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`Albright. His stay grant rate is only 28.6%. Id., pp. 70-71. It is more than 70% likely
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`that a stay will not be granted if an IPR is instituted.
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`Fintiv Factor 1 weighs strongly in favor of discretionary denial.
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`Fintiv Factor 2–Trial Date Versus FWD Due Date
`B.
`Trial is scheduled for February 13, 2023, “or as soon as practicable.” EX1007.
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`Petitioner emphasizes the phrase in quotes to support its contention that the trial date
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`is not reliable. Pet. at 63. To further support its contention, Petitioner discusses the
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`reliability of trial dates in general rather than addressing the facts specific to the
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`Litigation.
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`The facts specific to the Litigation suggest that this trial date is extremely
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`reliable. A review of the Agreed Scheduling Order confirms that the court and parties
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`have kept to the scheduling order fairly closely. EX1007. Indeed, although the
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`Markman Hearing was held on February 22, 2022 instead of February 10, 2022, the
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`Claim Construction Order was issued February 24, 2022 (EX2003). Judge Albright’s
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`average time to a claim construction decision is 12.1 months from the date of filing
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`of a case, which is May 25, 2021 for the Litigation. EX2002; EX2004. Judge
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`Albright, thus, is about three months ahead of schedule with his claim construction
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`decision.
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`Fintiv Factor 2 weighs strongly in favor of discretionary denial.
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`Fintiv Factor 3–Investment in the Proceeding
`C.
`Petitioner was served in the Litigation on May 28, 2021. EX2005. Petitioner
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`filed its Petition on November 30, 2021, just over six months thereafter. Petitioner
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`stated that “almost no other court would be as far along in its trial calendar” within
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`six months. Pet. at 65. Petitioner’s statement is an express acknowledgement both
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`of the alacrity of proceedings in the WDTX and of the investment by the court and
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`parties in the Litigation.
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`Indeed, the parties have already disclosed extrinsic evidence and identified
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`expert witnesses for claim construction and indefiniteness (November 16, 2021);
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`served initial disclosures (February 15, 2022); and submitted claim construction
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`briefs (completed January 27, 2022. EX1007. As noted above, a Claim Construction
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`Order was already issued. EX2003. And, three claim terms of the ‘839 patent were
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`construed. EX2003. It is not likely that an institution decision will issue before the
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`end of July 2022, which means an FWD will not issue before July 2023. The parties’
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`and the court’s investment will most likely be substantial before an FWD issues.
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`Fintiv Factor 3 weighs strongly in favor of discretionary denial.
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`Fintiv Factor 4–Overlap of Issues
`D.
`Petitioner stipulated that it would not assert invalidity of the challenged claims
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`in the Litigation using grounds asserted in the Petition. Pet. 65. The Petitioner’s
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`stipulation is quite limited in scope. The Board views stipulations like Petitioner’s
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`as only mitigating concerns of duplicate efforts and of potentially conflicting
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`decisions “to some degree.” See Apple Inc. v. Seven Networks, LLC, IPR2020-
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`00180, Paper 12, at 15 (PTAB Aug. 14, 2020). Such a stipulation, then, may slightly
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`favor institution.
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`Under the present facts, however, discretionary denial should be favored
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`instead. Petitioner asserted only three bases for challenging validity in its Petition,
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`and relied upon only three references; Haberman, Haberman+Boger, and Vanluijt.
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`Pet. 4. In the Litigation, Petitioner cited eight references, and enumerated seven
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`single reference, and numerous two- and three-reference combinations, for a total of
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`105 bases for challenging validity, including the three bases relied upon in the
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`Petition. Defendant Apple Inc.’s Preliminary Invalidity Contentions, EX2006, pp
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`32-34. If both actions proceed simultaneously, not only is efficiency decreased, but
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`also the possibility of conflicting decisions is increased, assuming that all bases of
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`invalidity asserted by Petitioner in the litigation are of equal merit. It is possible that
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`the claims challenged in the Petition could be determined to be valid over the art
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`relied upon in the Petition, but invalid over art relied upon in the Litigation.
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`Fintiv Factor 4 weighs in favor of discretionary denial.
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`Fintiv Factor 5–Identity of Parties
`E.
`The Litigation involves the same parties. Petitioner argued that this factor is,
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`at worst, neutral. Pet. at 66. In Apple, however, the Board found that, when the
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`parties are the same, Fintiv factor 5 weighed slightly in favor of the Patent Owner.
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`Apple, at 16.
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`Fintiv Factor 5 weighs in favor of discretionary denial.
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`Fintiv Factor 6–Other Circumstances
`D.
`Unlike the situation in Apple, the number of prior art challenges has not been
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`limited in the Litigation. Indeed, more art and bases for challenging the claims of the
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`‘267 Patent were raised in the Litigation. Also unlike the situation in Apple, then, an
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`IPR will not provide the parties with an in-depth analysis of the ‘267 Patent, nor a
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`full record that will enhance the integrity of the patent system.
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`Petitioner made a weak showing on the merits. Patent Owner has pointed out
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`weaknesses in the Petition, on two separate bases, regarding each of the challenged
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`independent claims. Therefore, the merits, taken as a whole, do not favor Petitioner
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`and instead also weigh in favor of discretionary denial.
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`Fintiv factor 6 weighs in favor of discretionary denial.
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`VII. CONCLUSION
`For the above reasons, the Petition is deficient and institution of the IPR
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`should be denied.
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`Dated March 9, 2022
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`Mailing address for all correspondence:
`Saul Ewing Arnstein & Lehr LLP
`Centre Square West
`1500 Market Street, 38th Floor
`Philadelphia, PA 19102-2186
`
`
`/s/ Brian R. Michalek
`
`Brian R. Michalek (Reg. No. 65,816)
`Saul Ewing Arnstein & Lehr LLP
`161 North Clark Street, Suite 4200
`Chicago, IL 60601
`Tel: (312) 876-7836
`brian.michalek@saul.com
`
`Joseph M. Kuo (Reg. No. 38,943)
`Saul Ewing Arnstein & Lehr LLP
`161 North Clark Street, Suite 4200
`Chicago, IL 60601
`Tel: (312) 876-7151
`joseph.kuo@saul.com
`
`Brian Landry (Reg. No. 62,074)
`Saul Ewing Arnstein & Lehr LLP
`131 Dartmouth Street, Suite 501
`Boston, MA 02116
`Tel: (617) 912-0969
`Brian.Landry@saul.com
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`Counsel for Patent Owner, BillJCo,
`LLC
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`IPR2022-00131
`Patent No. 8,639,267
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`Certification of Service Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.6(e)(4)
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`The undersigned hereby certifies that the foregoing complies with the type-
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`volume limitation in 37 C.F.R. § 42.24(b)(1). According to the word-processing
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`system’s word count, the document contains 3,032 words, excluding the parts of
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`the brief exempted by 37 C.F.R § 42.24(b).
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`Date: March 9, 2022
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`/Brian R. Landry/
`Reg. No. 62,074
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`39612871.2
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`- 16 -
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`IPR2022-00131
`Patent No. 8,639,267
`
`Certification of Service Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.6(e)(4)
`
`The undersigned hereby certifies that the foregoing was served in its entirety
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`by filing through the Patent Trial and Appeal Board End to End (PTAB E2E), as
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`well as providing a courtesy copy via e-mail to the following attorneys of record
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`for Petitioner listed below:
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`Larissa S. Bifano
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`Jonathan Hicks
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`Joseph Wolfe
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`larissa.bifano@dlapiper.com
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`jonathan.hicks@dlapiper.com
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`joseph.wolfe@us.dlapiper.com
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`Date: March 9, 2022
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`/Brian R. Landry/
`Reg. No. 62,074
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`39612871.2
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`- 17 -
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