I, Marcia Trauernicht, am over twenty-one (21) years of age. I have never been
`
`convicted of a felony, and I am fully competent to make this declaration. I declare
`
`the following to be true to the best of my knowledge, information, and belief:
`
`1.
`
`I am the Director of Rochester Institute of Technology (“RIT”)
`
`Libraries at The Wallace Center, located in Rochester, New York. I
`
`have been employed at RIT Libraries since January 6, 1986. I have
`
`a Masters of Science in Library and Information Science, University
`
`of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801.
`
`2.
`
`Neither I nor RIT itself is being compensated for this declaration. I
`
`have no other interests in this proceeding or with any of the parties.
`
`3.
`
`Among my responsibilities as Director, I act as a custodian of
`
`records for the RIT Libraries’ publications.
`
`4.
`
`I make this declaration based on my personal knowledge of RIT
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`Libraries’ business processes, information contained in the business
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`records of RIT Libraries, or confirmation with other responsible RIT
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`personnel with such knowledge.
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`5.
`
`RIT Libraries, as part of its regularly conducted business activities,
`
`catalogs and indexes printed publications including theses.
`
`
`
`6.
`
`Exhibit A to this declaration is a true and correct copy, from RIT
`
`Libraries’ business records, of a thesis authored by Chujit
`
`Jeamsinkul, “MasqueArray: Automatic makeup selector/applicator”
`
`(“MasqueArray Thesis”).
`
`
`
`7.
`
`Exhibit A was obtained from RIT Libraries’ archive, which contains
`
`a printed copy of the MasqueArray Thesis. Exhibit A was
`
`maintained in the ordinary course of RIT Libraries’ business.
`
`
`
`8.
`
`I have reviewed RIT Libraries’ records regarding the bibliographic
`
`data for
`
`the MasqueArray Thesis and confirmed
`
`that
`
`the
`
`MasqueArray Thesis was indexed, cataloged, and publicly available
`
`at the RIT Libraries on March 12, 1999. The bibliographic data
`
`indicates that the MasqueArray thesis was received on January 28,
`
`1999 with a brief record input into the online catalog, fully cataloged
`
`on March 12, 1999, indexed into the RIT Libraries online catalog
`
`- 2 -
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`RIT’s online catalog bibliographic record number
`
`.b1430269,
`
`classification number RA778 .J43 1998.
`
`9.
`
`{ hereby declare under penalty of perjury that all statements made
`
`herein of my own knowledge are true andthatall statements made
`
`on information and belief are believed to be true, and further that
`
`these statements were made with the knowledge that willful false
`
`statements and the like are punishable by fine or imprisonment, or
`
`both, under 18 U.S.C. § 1001.
`
`Executed on November4, 2021 in Rochester, New York.
`
`arcia Trauernicht
`
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`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Exhibit A
`Exhibit A
`
`
`
`
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`

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`Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester Institute of Technology
`
`
`RIT Scholar Works RIT Scholar Works
`
`Theses
`
`11-11-1998
`
`
`
`MasqueArray: Automatic makeup selector/applicator MasqueArray: Automatic makeup selector/applicator
`
`Chujit Jeamsinkul
`
`Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses
`
`Recommended Citation Recommended Citation
`
`Jeamsinkul, Chujit, "MasqueArray: Automatic makeup selector/applicator" (1998). Thesis. Rochester
`Institute of Technology. Accessed from
`
`This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by RIT Scholar Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in
`Theses by an authorized administrator of RIT Scholar Works. For more information, please contact
`ritscholarworks@rit.edu.
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`ROCHESTER INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
`
`A Thesis Submitted to the faculty of
`The College of Imaging Arts and Sciences
`In Candidacy for the Degree of
`MASTER OF FINE ARTS
`
`MasqueArray
`Automatic Makeup Selector/Applicator
`by
`CHUJIT JEAMSINKUL
`NOVEMBER 11,1998
`
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`

`

`

`

`Contents
`
`CHAPTER 1
`
`CHAPTER 2
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`Problems
`Issues
`Process of Design
`
`RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS
`
`User Behavior
`Complexity of Choosing Cosmetics
`Complexity of Makeup Process
`Selection of Styles
`Time Consuming Process
`Marketing Strategies
`Technologies
`Personal Data Analysis and Storing Technology
`Identifying Customer Function
`Face Structure and Skin Analysis/Record
`Makeup Selector Technology
`Display Technology
`Interactive Technology
`Makeup Applicator Technology
`Material
`
`1
`
`1
`2
`3
`
`5
`
`5
`5
`6
`9
`10
`1 1
`12
`12
`12
`15
`16
`16
`19
`22
`23
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`CHAPTER 3
`
`IDEATION
`
`MasqueArray
`Process of Design
`Goal and Criteria
`Behavioral/Ergonomic Design Process
`Product Design Process
`Interactive Interface Design Process
`Registration Process
`Preview Process
`Makeup Application Process
`
`PRESENTATION
`
`Demonstration
`Interactive CD-ROM
`Poster.
`
`EVALUATION
`
`Hardware
`Interactive Software
`Presentation
`
`CHAPTER 4
`
`CHAPTER 5
`
`BIBLIOGRAPHY
`
`24
`
`24
`24
`26
`28
`29
`43
`43
`44
`46
`
`59
`
`59
`60
`60
`
`68
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`68
`68
`68
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`70
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`List or lnu stratiq n s
`
`FIGURE
`
`Figu re 1.
`Figu re 2.
`Figu re 3.
`Figu re 4.
`Figu re 5.1
`Figu re 5.2
`Figu re 6.1.
`Figu re 6.2
`Figu re 7.1.
`Figu re 7.2.
`Figu re 8.1
`Figu re 8.2
`Figu re 9.
`Figu re 10.
`Figu re 11.
`Figu re 12.
`Figu re 13.
`Figu re 14.
`Figu re 15.
`Figu re 16.
`Figu re 17
`Figu re 18.
`Figu re 19.
`Figu re 20.
`Figu re 21.
`Figu re 22.
`Figu re 23.
`
`Makeup Process
`Structure of Faces
`Process of Design
`Behavioral/Ergonomic Design Process
`Metaphor of Makeup Tools
`Metaphor of Makeup Tools
`Metaphor of Woman
`Metaphor of Woman
`Metaphor of Masque
`Metaphor of Masque
`Design Development 1
`Design Development 2
`Final Design : MasqueArray Components
`Final Design : MasqueArray Orthographic Views
`Final Design : Detachable Unit
`Position Adjustment
`Mosaic of The Customer's Face
`Interface Layout, Concept 1
`Interface Layout, Concept 2
`Interface Layout, Concept 3
`Interface Design Development
`Interface Final Design
`Interface Final Design : Foundation
`Interface Final Design : Eyebrow
`Interface Final Design : Eyeshadow
`Interface Final Design : Lip
`Interface Final Design : Beautymark
`
`7
`8
`25
`28
`32
`33
`34
`35
`36
`37
`38
`39
`40
`41
`42
`43
`45
`47
`48
`49
`50
`51
`52
`53
`54
`55
`56
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`FIGURE
`
`Figure 24. Interface Final Design : Hairstyle
`Figure 25. Interface Final Design : Preference
`Figure 26. Blue Screen Technique
`: What is MasqueArray ?
`Figure 27 Poster 1
`Figure 28. Poster 2 : Why is MasqueArray ?
`Figure 29. Poster 3 : How does MasqueArray work ?
`Figure 30. Poster 4 : How does MasqueArray work ?
`Figure 3 1 . Poster 5 : How does MasqueArray work ?
`Figure 32. Poster 6 : How does MasqueArray work ?
`Figure 33. Poster 7 : Usage of MasqueArray
`
`57
`58
`60
`61
`62
`63
`64
`65
`66
`67
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`List of Tables
`
`TABLE
`
`Table 1 .
`Table 2.
`Table 3.
`Table 4.
`
`Identifying Technology Comparison
`Display Technology Comparison
`Interactive Technology Comparison
`Goal and Criteria
`
`14
`18
`21
`26
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`Chapter 1
`
`INIRODUCJION <D
`
`Nowadays, makeup is becoming more and more important because one's
`appearance can affect one's success in business, professionally, and socially. Women
`generally feel more self-confident when they are wearing makeup. Few are born with
`an ideal face. In light of the fact that there are more woman in the workplace, and the
`realization that one's appearance can affect one's career, there is increased interest
`in effective cosmetic makeup that can be applied quickly.
`
`Problems
`Putting on makeup is a time-consuming process. Each day, many women
`spend almost an hour to make up and maintain their faces. They will spend almost 3
`years of their lives making up. Not only do they have to spend time, but they also have
`to rely on their skill. If the colors do not go together, their faces will look strange and
`fake. If they do not
`like the results, they will need to redo them.
`One can become bored with two or three styles of makeup that are applied
`day after day. However, trying new styles will cost a lot of time and money because
`women have to apply cosmetics to their face in each style until they are satisfied.
`Some people hesitate to try new styles of makeup because they don't have much
`knowledge about the making up process. Furthermore, some styles of makeup are not
`suitable in daytime but are only appropriate at night because of the effect of different
`light sources.
`Some women do not like to make up because of the complexity of choosing
`cosmetics. There are a number of kinds of cosmetics that are used for making up. The
`user has to choose each cosmetic for compatibility of color with skin, face, personality,
`fashion choices, and daily wardrobe.
`The most important thing is to avoid facial damage. The process of applying
`cosmetics is very important for the health of facial skin.
`If too much makeup is applied,
`the face cannot breathe. Consequently, it will cause pimples and wrinkles will develop
`that one absolutely does not want.
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`Issues
`
`In order to create an Automatic Makeup Selector/Applicator (AMS/A), several
`issues such as technology, anthropometrics, ergonomics, safety, appearance, speed,
`skill of making up, permanence, variety, symmetry, and color have to be considered.
`Some technologies for supporting this product still are in the process of research
`and development.
`Anthropometrics of the face is a factor that affects the precision of applying
`makeup to the face. Accordingly, this product should be adjustable to accommodate
`anyone's face in the appropriate position.
`Safety is one of the most significant issues for this product, especially regarding
`the application of makeup to the eye area. All technologies that could be utilized have
`to be harmless.
`The product should be user-friendly, approachable, comfortable, and stylish
`in order to attract customers.
`The speed issue is divided between the preview process and the application
`process. The time of the preview process depends on how long the customer spends
`choosing the styles. The speed of the application process should be only a few minutes.
`Skill in using this product should not be demanding. The AMS/A should be
`comprehensible and easy to use.
`The makeup that can be applied by this product should be long lasting. The
`makeup should only be changed or erased when the users want to clean the makeup
`from their skin by utilizing a special cleaner.
`The AMS/A should include a variety of styles, colors, shapes, and textures for
`the customers to combine by themselves.
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`<D
`
`Process of Design
`The first step to create this product was to establish goals. They are to provide
`the following:
`Nearly instant makeup choice recommendation
`Color and style preference recording
`User friendly tools and processes
`Choices and creation of colors
`Choices and creation of styles
`Time reducing process
`Preview function
`Product safety
`Adjustability
`Hygiene
`The second step was to define the problems and clarify each issue. To solve
`the problems, research was done in three categories. The first was the process of
`applying foundation, blush, lipstick, and eye shadow. Each application has its own
`technique to make it appropriate for each individual face. Trends, colors, and styles
`also were researched because they constantly change. The second category of
`research was facial anthropometrics. Anthropometrics of the face is an issue that
`affects the precision of applying makeup to the face. Lastly,
`technologies such as the
`3D scanning, display technologies, virtual reality, voice recognition, and 3 dimensional
`printing needed to be researched for the plausible development of the design.
`Establishing criteria to achieve the goals was the third step of the design
`process. This product would include the function of scanning the user's face, previewing
`styles on the user's face, and providing shades of foundation, shading, contouring,
`include applying hairstyles, mascara,
`eyeshadow, blush, and lipstick.
`It would not
`and removing hair such as eyebrows.
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`-
`
`Generating concepts by sketching was the next step. Not only do all concepts
`needs and functions, but were embodied with semantic
`were delivered through
`metaphors of beauties.
`In the fifth step, the sketch concepts were evaluated as to how well they met
`the criteria. One of the design concepts was chosen for development.
`The sixth step was the development of the design. The development was
`accomplished with Alias Wavefront software.
`Finally, There was an exhibition of my design using multimedia presentation
`I gathered feedback and suggestions from the exhibition, and then drew
`techniques.
`conclusions and speculated on its potential for use in the future.
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`Chapter 2
`
`K t S t A K C H
`
`8 ANALYSIS <D
`
`User Behavior
`
`In order to design a product to facilitate the makeup process, understanding
`user behavior is important.
`
`Complexity of choosing cosmetics
`
`There are over 1 00 brands of cosmetics on the market. Prices are varied from
`In many brands, there may be over 50 products. Furthermore,
`affordable to exorbitant.
`each product may have at least 10 different colors or special properties. One would
`have over 50,000 choices of cosmetics.' Beginners would not be able to fathom what
`products are suitable for their skin and faces. The beginner user may counsel with
`makeup sellers, makeup artists in beauty shops, relatives and friends. Nevertheless,
`choosing cosmetics is a difficult matter. The user may need to experiment in selecting
`suitable cosmetics in order to find those that work with their own skin conditions and
`
`complexion.
`
`"Cosmetic Connection, "Producl Finder Resource", accessed 1 9 seplember 1 997, available from http://wwv7kleTnman.com/cosmetic/sh~opper.html, Internet
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`-
`
`Complexity of the makeup process
`
`A comparison between a professional makeup artist's process and a nonprofessional's
`makeup process is interesting.
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`Mokeup Process
`
`-
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`Time
`(min.l
`
`Figuie 1 hAakeup Process
`(Leonard Engelman, Yout Beautiful Seciet, IDallus, TX , Equiknox Partners, Inc.,
`1 996), Video ]
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`-
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`It can be seen from the comparison in Figure 1 that a professional makeup
`artist's process is dramatically more complicated than a nonprofessional's makeup
`process. Every application must be well mixed together. This requires time, personal
`experience, skill and knowledge.
`In general, structures of faces are divided into three categories: oval face,
`wide face, and narrow face. The oval face is considered to be an ideal face.2 The
`wide face and narrow face can be shaded by utilizing darker shaders and brighter
`highlight in order to achieve the oval face shape (see Figure 2).
`The making up process normally includes a face preparation procedure. The
`face preparation includes applying foundation for smooth skin, concealer for covering
`blemishes, and highlight and shader for contouring. These three processes are determined
`to be the most substantial and laborious to put on. For professional makeup artists,
`applying these three cosmetics would not be a major problem. They would be able
`to blend cosmetics on the face naturally and beautifully. On the other hand, beginners,
`who have no special skills, may make unmatched color selections. Furthermore,
`applying excessive amounts of makeup may bring up more wrinkles, especially in the
`eye areas. Powder is another cosmetic used for smoothing the face, drying up grease,
`and blending foundation, concealer, highlight and shader together.
`The eyebrow process is the next step after completion of the face preparation.
`Eyebrows could be shaped and painted. The process of doing brows is demanding
`in order to even and balance both eyebrows. This is due to the different abilities of
`using the left and right hand. This also causes difficulty when using eyeliner and
`eyeshadow. Only professional makeup artists can apply and blend eyeshadow
`gracefully, particularly when employing especially dark colors.
`Blusher is utilized to accentuate the structure of the face and bring up a radiant
`look. Blusher colors are not merely limited to coral or red, and they should be compatible
`with other cosmetic tones applied to the face.
`The lips can be tinted to provide the illusion of thicker lip size by using lipstick
`:' Leonard Engelrnan, Youi Beautilul Secret, IDallas, TX., Equiknox Partners, Inc., 1 996), Video.
`
`Face beloie applying sbaaer
`
`7XT"T
`
`OVAL FACE
`
`NARROW FACE
`
`WIDE FACE
`
`-,
`
`s
`
`* *-
`
`S^.
`
`Face atlet applying shaaer
`
`Figure 2 Structure ol Faces
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`-
`
`and lipliner. Thinner lips can be accomplished by using concealer, lipstick, and lipliner.
`For a person who does not have symmetrical lips, balancing the lip shape is a painstaking
`process because of the precision required.
`Mascara is the last process of makeup. Mascara can enhance the eyelashes
`by lengthening, curling, thickening, and darkening them.
`The process of applying makeup is complex. A makeup machine could assist
`users in every procedure. A makeup applicator machine could provide ease of use,
`precision, skin analysis, color complexion analysis, face structure analysis, cosmetics
`recommendation, and preview function. A preview function would allow users to
`experiment with styles, colors, and shapes before applying them to their faces.
`
`Selection of styles
`Make up trends are constantly changing. There are some other circumstances
`such as occasions, moods, or the color and style of attire that may influence women
`In order to get new styles, cosmetic users need to experiment
`to change makeup styles.
`with different styles until they find something suitable. Applying makeup by using
`personal skills may not guarantee that a user can obtain the same result every time.
`Experimenting may cost both time and cosmetics.
`A makeup application device would allow a user to experiment, create, choose,
`mix, and match for different results. The user would be able to decide which style
`would be appropriate before applying makeup to the face. Moreover, the user may
`save preferred styles as a personal record.
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`Time Consuming Process
`The more processes and details, the more time-consuming the procedure. A
`person could spend over an hour with the entire makeup process. In general, most
`people have inadequate time to do so. This seems to be another trade-off between
`beauty and time.
`Time is one of the critical factors that may affect the application. Everybody
`wants to gain a perfect face within a short period of time.
`In order to solve the problem,
`the makeup applicator machine should be able to apply makeup on the user's face
`automatically and quickly.
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`

`Marketing Strategies
`
`A customer may need assistance or encouragement when using a new
`technological product. For this reason, the Automatic Makeup Selector/Applicator
`should be placed in a beauty salon.
`the price may not be suitable for
`In addition,
`
`personal use.
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`

`Technologies
`
`An automatic makeup machine is proposed to shorten a time-consuming
`makeup process. Moreover, it should provide an instant recommendation, a variety
`In order to achieve these
`of styles and colors, and a process of applying makeup.
`objectives, relevant technologies were considered, such as personal data analysis and
`storing technology, makeup selector technology (display and interactive), and makeup
`applicator technology.
`
`Personal data analysis and storing technology
`Personal data analysis and personal data storage are primarily utilized for
`identifying and recording a customer's face structure and skin charecteristics.
`
`Identifying customer function
`Personal data which includes name, face structure, complexion condition,
`preferred styles, preferred colors, and personal preference, could be recorded
`electronically. All data could be recalled in order to accelerate the makeup process.
`The user would be able to select makeup styles on file and apply makeup instantly.
`Existing identifying technologies that may be suitable for an automatic makeup
`selector and applicator consist of face recognition, voice recognition, retina reader,
`fingerprint reader, and password recognition.
`Face recognition
`Face recognition is a technology that utilizes a Central Processing Unit (CPU),
`a video camera, and face recognition software. The identification process is mainly
`composed of two different processes. The first process is the enrollment process. The
`user's face is captured from a video camera. The image can be stored in a storage
`medium, a plastic card, a computer chip, or a database. In the access process, the
`user's face is captured one more time. Then, the CPU searches for a matched image
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`If the image is matched, the user has accessibility.
`from the database.
`Voice recognition
`Voice recognition uses speech as input. This technology does not require any
`massive physical input device, such as a keyboard or mouse. This is considered as a
`"hands-free device." Voice recognition would require a microphone, CPU, and voice
`recognition software. This technology also matches the user's pre-recorded voice and
`the user's live voice. When the user's voice is matched, the command could be activated
`and executed.
`Retina Reader
`The retina reader is a device normally used for identifying applications. This
`technology requires the user to look through the machine, which directs light to the
`back of the user's retina. The light allows the machine to capture and identify the user's
`vein pattern.
`Fingerprint Reader
`The fingerprint reader identifies fingerprints by making a comparison between
`pre-recorded fingerprint images and live-scanned fingerprint images. This technology
`combines a fingerprint reader, CPU, and fingerprint verifying software.
`* Password Recognition
`Password recognition requires some extra input device, such as a keyboard
`or mouse. Password recognition can be integrated with voice recognition technology.
`The CPU can verify the identification by matching the entered password with the one
`in the database.
`
`A comparison of technologies identifies face recognition as the most suitable
`technology for the identifying function of the AMS/A (see Table 1 ). Face recognition
`is a rapid and precise process. Moreover, equipment required by this technology could
`be used in the 3D scanning process as well.
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`Password
`Recognition
`
`a "
`
`a3 a>
`
`Fingerprint
`Recognition
`
`ca
`
`"5
`
`B>
`
`Retina
`Recognition
`
`ce c >0
`
`)
`
`Voice
`Recognition
`
`cc
`
`"5
`
`O>
`
`Face
`Recognition
`
`c ca Q
`
`~~~~~---4dentifying Means
`
`Issues
`
`~\^
`
`Low false accept
`
`4
`
`low
`
`4
`
`low
`
`5
`
`very low
`
`5
`
`low
`
`Low false rejects
`
`5 <2%
`
`3
`
`5% on telephone
`20% on
`microphones
`
`5
`
`1 %
`
`4 5%
`
`5
`
`low
`
`5
`
`1%
`
`4
`
`3
`
`good
`
`6-10 seconds
`
`Ease of use
`
`User process speed
`
`Comments
`
`5
`
`5
`
`very good
`
`4 good
`
`2 seconds
`
`3
`
`3-9 seconds
`
`2
`
`2
`
`poor
`
`4
`
`good
`
`15-30 seconds
`
`4 2-5 seconds
`
`cannot be fooled
`by a picture of a
`
`correct person
`because it
`requires 2 views
`of live picture.
`
`can be made
`fraudulent with a
`voice recorder.
`
`people will resist
`
`anything being
`measured inside
`their eyes.
`
`restricted for law
`enforcement use.
`
`can not work
`when password is
`forgotten.
`
`total
`
`14
`
`14
`
`17
`
`17
`
`5 = very good
`
`4 = good
`
`3 = fair
`
`2 = poor
`
`1 = very poor
`
`__[[
`
`Table I
`laentitying Technology Comparison
`IMiros, "Why Choose TruFace", accessed 14 february 1998, available from http://www.miros.eom/Why_choose_TruFace.html#biometrics; Internet )
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`Face structure and skin analysis /record
`Face structure analysis and complexion analysis can be provided by 3D or
`2D technology. The 3D-analysis procedure, using a 3D scanner, could capture three
`dimensional geometry, color mapping, and texture mapping simultaneously. On the
`other hand, the 2D-analysis procedure, employing a video camera, could capture
`exclusively the flat image with colors.
`3D Scanning
`The 3D scanner allows the user to quickly scan one's face in 3 dimensions
`with texture mapping. Components of the 3D scanner are a triangulation-based laser,
`a position mirror, an ultra-fast galvanometric motor, a black and white video camera,
`and a color video camera. A triangulation-based laser is reflected from a positioning
`mirror to the surface in order to obtain the profile of the face. An ultra-fast galvanometric
`motor positions the laser strip to several locations within a single frame of the video
`camera. A black and white video camera collects reflected light from the face. A
`color video camera captures the texture map or complexion of the scanned face. This
`texture map would be applied onto the surface of the reconstructed facial topography.
`2D Scanning
`Video camera or digital camera technology is used for capturing a 2D image
`of the user's face. However, editing colors and shapes on a 2D image for makeup
`preview may not be an effective method. Painting color on a 2D image may not
`provide a realistic look, especially for lighting, shadow, shade, and dimension. This
`may create an unwanted result when previewing and applying makeup. Moreover,
`2D may provide adequate information about width and height, but not contours of the
`user's face.
`From the comparison of using 3D and 2D scanning, 3D scanning could simulate
`a better preview. The simulated images are constructed under the circumstances of
`light directions, shadows, reflections, color mappings, and texture mappings.
`In as
`much as a 3D scanner structures a face in three dimensions, a computer generated
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`face could be divided into parts such as eyebrows, eyes, nose, cheeks, forehead, chin,
`hair, and lips. Applying a color onto those surfaces should give a realistic look by
`displaying accurate shades and shadows.
`In contrast to 2D application, 3D application
`could restore more information about the user's face contours. The 3D application
`would provide substantial accuracy when the user is previewing and applying the
`makeup.
`
`Makeup selector Technology
`In order to allow the user to preview makeup in different styles, a display and
`interactive technology is required in this Automatic Makeup Selector/Applicator.
`
`Display Technology
`The preview function and instructions would be included and shown through
`a display. Display technology would play an important role in the design, particularly
`for shapes and forms of the product.
`In addition, the display technology also influences
`the choice of interactive technology that can be used. The three options of displays
`are as follows:
`Flat panel display
`Nowadays we have the flat panel display, a thinner display with anti-reflection
`and anti-glare. This technology produces a shared information medium. Several persons
`can view images at the same time.
`Head Mounted Display (HMD)
`HMD is a comparatively small virtual output. The advantage of HMD is
`portability and hands-free operating. The display is close to the eye. Although the
`display is small, the user can perceive it as a large size display. HMD is essentially
`restricted by weight, comfort, and safety aspects.
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`* Digital Light Processing (DLP) Projector
`DLP projector consists of three digital technologies: digital light processing,
`computer, and video decoding. Keyboard and remote control are input devices.
`This machine functions the same as a computer, but images are projected. The size
`and resolution of the display may vary depending on the distance between the screen
`and the projector. The bigger the display, the less the privacy.
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`From the comparison in table 2, the flat
`panel display has the best benefit. Because
`of the need for color accuracy, the image
`quality rather than the size of the machine
`seems to be the first priority of this product.
`The user requires certain privacy, but not a
`closed environment, since she may need
`assistance. People may have concern about
`personal belongings or purses carried into
`the beauty shop. In the case of two-display
`(full-peripheral vision) HMD, the user would
`not perceive the outer environment when
`donning the apparatus. Furthermore, the
`user may not feel comfortable when
`secluded from reality by the simulated
`environment. In the case of one-display
`HMD, images on display could be adversely
`affected by the surrounding ambience.
`Therefore, the flat panel display is the best
`choice for an AMS/A in a beauty salon
`
`product is used in
`dark environment.
`
`product is used in
`dark environment.
`
`color distortion
`
`large
`
`none on a
`
`projector screen.
`
`environment.
`
`DLP Projector
`
`Comment
`
`EC C B>
`
`HMD
`
`Comment
`
`=o a
`
`>
`
`Flate Panel Display
`
`Comment
`
`c "
`
`a a>a
`
`s
`
`^\_^^ Method
`^~~\__^
`Issues
`
`Ease of use
`
`Safety
`
`Comfort
`
`Privacy
`
`Precise color and image
`
`Minimum size
`
`5
`
`users are familiar
`with the display.
`
`4 radiation and
`static are emitted.
`
`5
`
`5
`
`3
`
`3
`
`high resolution
`
`varied
`
`user may not be
`familiar with the
`technology.
`
`radiation and
`
`static are emitted.
`
`user may feel
`
`claustophobia.
`
`low resolution
`
`small
`
`bright light source
`may interfere with
`the perception.
`
`2
`
`3
`
`2
`
`3
`
`5
`
`5
`
`5
`
`4
`
`3
`
`3
`
`5
`
`5
`
`3
`
`1
`
`3
`
`1
`
`5
`
`4
`
`30
`
`Minimum operating space 3
`
`Non glare display
`
`Durability and ease of
`
`maintenance
`
`light sources and
`display angles are
`main factors.
`
`3
`
`5
`
`36
`total
`5 = very good 4 = good 3 - fair 2 = poor 1 = very poor
`
`32
`
`Table 2 Display Technology Comparison
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`Interactive Technology
`The user may spend most of the time on an AMS/A choosing colors and styles
`of makeup while using interactive multimedia. For this reason, the selected interactive
`technologies should be user-friendly. Interactive technologies may consist of touchscreen,
`voice recognition, mouse, keyboard, pen-based screen, or eye tracker.
`Touchscreen
`A touchscreen is an input device which can communicate with the CPU. The
`computer could respond to the user by direct touch on the screen. Touchscreen
`technology is considered to be one of the most simple and effective technologies.
`Voice recognition
`A microphone and CPU are components of voice recognition technology.
`Voice recognition could be facilitated by means of voice recognition software. This
`software translates voice commands into computer language or text that can be
`understood by the computer. Then the command would be activated and executed.
`Voice recognition is a fast and hands-free process, but could not be utilized in a noisy
`environment. This technology needs more development of pronunciation recognition
`and incorrect grammar recognition.
`* Mouse and Keyboard
`There are 2 kinds of mouse: wired mouse and wireless mouse. The user may
`need skill and familiarity to use a mouse. Mostly, a mouse is used to make a selection.
`The keyboard is used for input information or data.
`Pen-based interface
`Pen based interface is an input device that could integrate the function of
`touchscreen, mouse, and keyboard. One makes a selection by using a pen in lieu of
`a mouse. The user would be able to input information by the use of handwriting. Pen
`based interface may not work well because of the limitations of handwriting recognition.
`Moreover, a pen may be easily lost.
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`Eye tracker
`A computer, video camera, high-speed infrared sensitive camera and lens,
`In order to operate or
`and eye-image monitor are used in eye tracker technology.
`activate the machine, the user needs to look at a specific area for a specific time. The
`eye tracker will determine the location on the computer screen where the user is looking.
`Then the machine executes what the user chooses. Outdoor usage is a limitation of
`an eye tracker machine because the machine is sensitive to infrared light. Also for this
`reason, fluorescent light is more compatible with the machine than incandescent light.
`
`Table 3 shows the pros and cons of each interactive technology. Each
`technology is given a subjective value relative to six issues. The issues are weighted
`according to their relative importance. The products of the two provide a useful
`comparison.
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`Eye Tracker
`
`Comment
`
`3
`-o
`
`O 0
`
`-
`
`o
`
`o a
`
`>
`
`vlouse & Keyboard
`
`Pen-based Interface
`
`Comment
`
`O-
`
`=>
`
`o>
`
`Comment
`
`3 0
`
`o o
`
`>
`
`Voice Recognition
`
`Comment
`
`=>
`
`o a
`
`.
`
`o D
`
`>
`
`Touchscreen
`
`Comment
`
`3 O
`
`o
`
`C7
`>
`
`a>
`=>
`
`o>
`
`5 5 25 no skill required 2 10 hand-free device
`requires precise
`
`3 15 requires skill for
`mouse control
`
`accent or
`
`pronunciation
`
`4 20 requires extra
`equipment (pen) as an
`input
`
`4 20 hand-free device
`
`~^\^^ Method
`"^-\_^^
`Issues
`Ease of use
`
`Interactive response
`confirmation
`
`5 3 15 command
`executed when
`finger touches
`the screen
`
`4 20 command
`executed when
`
`user speaks
`
`5 25 command may
`be highlighted
`before executing
`
`3 15 command executed
`when pen