(12) United States Patent
`Vorenkamp et al.
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 8.427,100 B2
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`USOO84271 OOB2
`
`(54) INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF WIRELESS
`POWER TRANSFER
`(75) Inventors: Pieter Vorenkamp, Laguna Niguel, CA
`(US); Reinier Van Der Lee, Lake Forest,
`CA (US); InSun Van Loo, Wijchen (NL)
`
`(73) Assignee: Broadcom Corporation, Irvine, CA
`US
`(US)
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 447 days.
`
`(*) Notice:
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 12/580,689
`
`(22) Filed:
`(65)
`
`Oct. 16, 2009
`Prior Publication Data
`US 2010/O2O1313 A1
`Aug. 12, 2010
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`(63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 12/421,762,
`filed on Apr. 10, 2009.
`b
`filed
`f
`isional annlicati
`(60) Provisional application No. 61/150,554, filed on Feb.
`6, 2009.
`(51) Int. Cl
`io2 2/04
`H02. 7/00
`(52) U.S. Cl
`USPG
`
`32O/108: 32Of 107: 32Of 114: 32O/156.
`s
`s 320,158. 320,162
`(58) Field of Classification Search
`s 2Of 108
`32O/104 155 156, 157, 158. 159, 160 162.
`320/163, 164, 165
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(2006.01)
`(2006.015
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`2, 1976 Dahl
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`4,873,677 A
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`3/1998 Stephens
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`9/1998 Schelberg, Jr. et al.
`3. A 22 yerberghe
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`5, 2000 Smith
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`5, 2002 Patino et al.
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`10/2002 Crane
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`6/2004 Bruning
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`3/2006 Tsukamoto et al.
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`5, 2006 Ka-Lai et al.
`7,375,492 B2 * 5/2008 Calhoon et al. ............... 320, 108
`7,378,817 B2
`5/2008 Calhoon et al.
`(Continued)
`
`Primary Examiner — Edward Tso
`Assistant Examiner — Alexis Boateng
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Fiala & Weaver P.L.L.C.
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`Techniques are described herein that are capable of increas
`ing efficiency of wireless power transfer. A wireless power
`transfer system includes features that allow the system to be
`deployed in public spaces such as airports or in commercial
`establishments such as restaurants or hotels to allow a user to
`recharge one or more portable electronic devices while away
`from home. To accommodate wireless recharging of a variety
`of device types and states, the system may receive parameters
`and/or state information associated with a portable electronic
`device to be recharged and may control the wireless power
`transfer in accordance with Such parameters and/or state
`information. For instance, the system may increase efficiency
`of the wireless power transfer based on such parameters and/
`or state information. The system may also provide a secure
`and efficient means for obtaining required payment informa
`tion from the user prior to the wireless power transfer, thereby
`facilitating fee-based recharging.
`
`21 Claims, 25 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`BATTERY
`RECHARGIN
`CERNG
`
`WIRELESS
`POWERf
`COMMLINK
`TRANSCEIVER
`
`;
`;
`
`7
`
`:
`:
`
`WIRELESS
`POWERf
`COMMLINK
`TRANSCEIVER
`
`POWER
`LINK
`MONTOR
`
`148
`
`COMMLINK
`MANAGER
`
`
`
`
`
`POWER
`SOURCE
`
`122
`
`POWER
`LINK
`MANAGER
`
`COMMLINK
`MANAGER
`
`128
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLE INC. / Page 1 of 41
`
`

`

`US 8,427,100 B2
`Page 2
`
`2008/0272889 A1 1 1/2008 Symons
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`2008/0297107 A1* 12/2008 Kato et al. .................... 320, 108
`2009/00964.13 A1
`4, 2009 Partoviet al.
`7966 R: 338 finan etal
`2009.0102296 A1
`4/2009 Greene et al.
`7786.419 B2
`8, 2010 Hyde'etal
`2009. O133942 A1* 5/2009 Iisaka et al. ..................... 178/43
`320, 108
`8004.335 B2
`8/2011 EAAA's al
`8060011 B2 : 1/20
`in .4554 2009/0134713 A1* 5/2009 Stevens et al. ................ 307/104
`8.105.313 B2
`1/2012 Enmei
`2009, O146608 A1
`6, 2009 Lee
`2004/0145342 A1* 7/2004 Lyon ............................. 320, 108
`2009/0206791 A1
`8/2009 Jung
`2005/O127869 A1
`6, 2005 Calhoon et al.
`2009, 0230.777 A1
`9, 2009 Baarman et al.
`2005/0134213 A1
`6/2005 Takagi et al.
`2009/0276,700 A1 11/2009 Anderson et al.
`2007/0082715 A1 * 4/2007 Rofougaran et al. ......... 455,574
`2009/0284245 A1 * 1 1/2009 Kirby et al. ................... 323,318
`2007/0222542 A1
`9/2007 Joannopoulos et al.
`2010.0036,773 A1
`2/2010 Bennett ........................... 705/67
`2007/0228833 A1 10, 2007 Stevens et al.
`2010/02013 10 A1
`8/2010 Vorenkamp et al.
`2008/01 11518 A1* 5/2008 Toya ............................. 320, 108
`2010/0201513 A1
`8/2010 Vorenkamp et al.
`2008/O197802 A1* 8, 2008 Onishi et al. .................. 320, 106
`2011/0210696 A1* 9, 2011 Inoue ............................ 320, 108
`2008/0238.364 A1* 10, 2008 Weber et al. .................. 320, 108
`2008/0258.679 A1 10, 2008 Manico et al.
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLE INC. / Page 2 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 1 of 25
`
`aqdMOd
`
`INIT
`
`YqHOVNVA
`
`8cl
`
`
`
`AINITWANOO
`
`qHOVNVA
`
`SINTT
`
`YOLINOW
`
`“INITWINOD
`
`WHOVNVIA
`
`UAMOd
`
`AOUNOS
`
`cel
`
`SSATHaIM
`
`/WAMOd
`
`
`
`AINITWIANOO
`
`UAATHOSNVAL
`
`SSATHaIM
`
`/WAMOd
`
`INITWAWOO
`
`UAATHOSNVAL
`
`AYVHLLIVa
`
`ONIDUVHOAY
`
`UHMOd LIN‘
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`IOd
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLEINC./ Page 3 of 41
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLE INC. / Page 3 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 2 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`200
`
`
`
`ESTABLISH WIRELESS POWER LINK
`WITH PORTABLE ELECTRONIC
`DEVICE
`
`202
`
`ESTABLISH WIRELESS
`COMMUNICATION LINK WITH
`PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`RECEIVE PAYMENT INFORMATION
`FROM PORTABLE ELECTRONIC
`DEVICE VIA WIRELESS
`COMMUNICATIONLINK
`
`TRANSFER POWER TO PORTABLE
`ELECTRONIC DEVICE OVER
`WIRELESS POWER LINK RESPONSIVE
`TO RECEIVING PAYMENT
`INFORMATION
`
`204
`
`206
`
`208
`
`FIG 2
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLE INC. / Page 4 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 3 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`300
`
`
`
`ESTABLISH WIRELESS POWER LINK
`WITH CHARGING STATION
`
`302
`
`ESTABLISH WIRELESS
`COMMUNICATIONLINK WITH
`CHARGING STATION
`
`304
`
`TRANSMIT PAYMENT INForMATION to r 30
`CHARGING STATION VIA WIRELESS
`COMMUNICATION LINK
`
`RECEIVE POWER FROM CHARGING
`STATION OVER WIRELESS POWER LINK
`RESPONSIVE TO RECEIPT OF PAYMENT
`INFORMATION BY CHARGING STATION
`
`308
`
`FIG 3
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLE INC. / Page 5 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 4 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`400
`
`
`
`ESTABLISH WIRELESS POWER LINK
`WITH PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`402
`
`ESTABLISH WIRELESS
`COMMUNICATION LINK WITH
`PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`RECEIVE PARAMETERS AND/OR STATE
`INFORMATION FROM PORTABLE
`ELECTRONIC DEVICE VIA WIRELESS
`COMMUNICATION LINK
`
`TRANSFER POWER TO PORTABLE
`ELECTRONIC DEVICE OVER WIRELESS
`POWER LINK, WHEREIN MANNER IN
`WHICH POWER IS TRANSFERRED IS
`CONTROLLED IN ACCORDANCE WITH
`PARAMETERS AND/OR STATE
`INFORMATION
`
`404
`
`406
`
`408
`
`FIG. 4
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLE INC. / Page 6 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 5 Of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`500
`
`
`
`ESTABLISH WIRELESS POWER LINK WITH
`CHARGING STATION
`
`502
`
`ESTABLISH WIRELESS COMMUNICATION Lr 50
`LINK WITH CHARGING STATION
`
`TRANSMIT PARAMETERS AND/OR STATE
`INFORMATION TO CHARGING STATION
`VIA WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONLINK
`
`506
`
`RECEIVE POWER FROM CHARGING
`STATION OVER WIRELESS POWER LINK,
`WHEREIN MANNER IN WHICH POWER IS
`TRANSFERRED IS CONTROLLED IN
`ACCORDANCE WITH PARAMETERS
`AND/OR STATE INFORMATION
`
`508
`
`FIG.S
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLE INC. / Page 7 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 6 of 25
`
`adAMOd cro
`
`89
`
`YNAIWOO
`
`ANITWINWOOD
`
`YWADVNVA
`UHATAOSNVAL
`
`UHATHOSNVUL
`UAOVNVA
`
`AINITWINOO
`
`SINITWWO)D
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`9OLA
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLEINC./ Page 8 of 41
`
`daMOd
`
`ANI
`
`YWADOVNVA
`
`dAMOd
`
`HOUWNOS
`
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`
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`
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`
`wAMOd
`
`dyATsAOda
`
`ANI’
`
`YOLINOW
`
`AMALIVEA
`
`AWALLIVEA
`
`DNIDYUVHOAY
`
`LIN‘
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLE INC. / Page 8 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 7 of 25
`
`002
`
`SSATAMIM
`
`ANMINOSUWALLINSNVAUL
`WAMOdwWAMOd
`
`SSHTHUIMAMALLVA
`LINN
`
`UaMOdONIDUVHOAA
`
`UaAMOd WdAATHOAa
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`
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`
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`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`LOW
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLEINC./ Page 9 of 41
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLE INC. / Page 9 of 41
`
`

`

`XINTTWINOD
`SINITWWOO761
`
`AYALLVaA
`
`wdHMOd
`
`INIT
`
`WADVNVA
`
`adAMOd
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`
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`UALLINSNVaL
`
`SSATAaIM
`
`daMOd
`
`dAATHOA
`
`ONIDUVHOA
`
`LIN
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 8 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`INITWNOD«x2
`
`UAATZOSNVUL
`
`YINITWAOOWV
`
`WIAIFOSNVUEL
`
`qTHOVNVA
`UHAIZOSNVULL
`
`UHATAOSNVAL
`UHOVNVA
`
`SINTTWWOO
`
`XINITWINOD
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLEINC./ Page 10 of 41
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLE INC. / Page 10 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 9 Of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`900
`
`
`
`INITIATE WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER FROM
`
`902
`
`CHARGING STATION TO PORTABLE ELECTRONIC
`
`DEVICE VIA WIRELESS POWER LINK
`
`RECEIVE AT LEAST ONE PARAMETER
`
`904
`
`REGARDING PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE AT
`
`CHARGING STATION VIA WIRELESS
`
`COMMUNICATIONLINK
`
`INCREASE EFFICIENCY OF WIRELESS POWER
`
`906
`
`TRANSFER BASED ON AT LEAST ONE
`
`PARAMETER
`
`FIG. 9
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLE INC. / Page 11 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 10 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`1000
`
`
`
`CHARGING STATION
`
`WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER MODULE
`
`PARAMETER RECEIPT MODULE
`
`EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT MODULE
`
`FIG 10
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLE INC. / Page 12 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 11 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`INITIATE WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER FROM
`CHARGING STATION TO PORTABLE ELECTRONIC
`DEVICE VIA WIRELESS POWERLINK
`
`1 100
`
`1102
`
`
`
`
`
`RECEIVE
`FREQUENCY PARAMETER THAT
`SPECIFIES RESONANT FREQUENCY OF PORTABLE
`ELECTRONIC DEVICE VIA WIRELESS
`COMMUNICATIONLINK'?
`
`104
`
`1 106
`IS FREQUENCY AT
`WHICH NON-RADIATIVE MAGNETIC
`FIELD THAT MEDIATES WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER
`OSCILLATES SUBSTANTIALLY EQUAL TO RESONANT
`FREQUENCY OF PORTABLE
`ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`YES
`
`CHANGE FREQUENCY AT WHICH NON-
`RADIATIVE MAGNETIC FIELD OSCILLATES TO BE
`SUBSTANTIALLY EQUAL TO RESONANT
`FREQUENCY OF PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`1108
`
`NO
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1110
`RECEIVE
`POWER PARAMETER THAT SPECIFIES
`MAGNITUDE OF POWER REQUESTED BY PORTABLE
`ELECTRONIC DEVICE VIA WIRELESS
`COMMUNICATIONLINK?
`
`
`
`
`
`NO
`
`FIG. 11A
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLE INC. / Page 13 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 12 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`100
`
`NO
`
`
`
`
`
`1112
`IS MAGNITUDE
`OF POWER THAT IS PROVIDED BY
`CHARGING STATION WITH RESPECT TO
`WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER GREATER THAN
`MAGNITUDE OF POWER REQUESTED BY
`PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`REDUCE MAGNITUDE OF POWER THAT IS PROVIDED
`BY CHARGING STATION WITH RESPECT TO
`WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER TO BE
`SUBSTANTIALLY EQUAL TO MAGNITUDE OF POWER
`REQUESTED BY PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`IS MAGNITUDE
`OF POWER THAT IS PROVIDED BY
`CHARGING STATION WITH RESPECT TO
`WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER LESS THAN MAGNITUDE
`OF POWER REQUESTED BY PORTABLE
`ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`
`
`INCREASE MAGNITUDE OF POWER THAT IS
`PROVIDED BY CHARGING STATION WITH RESPECT
`TO WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER TO BE
`SUBSTANTIALLY EQUAL TO MAGNITUDE OF POWER
`REQUESTED BY PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`1118
`
`F.G. 11B
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLE INC. / Page 14 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 13 Of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`POWER PARAMETER THAT
`SPECIFIES MAGNITUDE OF POWER CONSUMED
`BY PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE WITH RESPECT
`O WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER VIA WIRELE
`COMMUNICATIONLINK?
`
`1120
`
`NO
`
`YES
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`NO
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1122
`
`IS MAGNITUDE
`OF POWER THAT IS PROVIDED
`BY CHARGING STATION WITH RESPECT
`TO WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER GREATER THAN
`MAGNITUDE OF POWER CONSUMED BY
`PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE WITH
`RESPECT TO WIRELESS
`POWER TRANSFER"?
`
`
`
`
`
`YES
`
`REDUCE MAGNITUDE OF POWER THAT IS PROVIDED
`BY CHARGING STATION WITH RESPECT TO
`WRELESS POWER TRANSFER TO BE
`SUBSTANTIALLY EQUAL TO MAGNITUDE OF POWER
`CONSUMED BY PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`WITH RESPECT TO WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER
`
`1124
`
`
`
`
`
`1126
`
`
`
`
`
`YES
`
`NO
`
`RECEIVE
`POWER PARAMETER THAT
`SPECIFIES MAXIMUM SAFE POWER THAT
`PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE IS CAPABLE OF
`CONSUMING WITHOUT SUBSTANTIAL RISK OF DAMAGING
`PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE VIA WIRELES
`COMMUNICATIONLINK?
`
`
`
`
`
`FIG 11C
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLE INC. / Page 15 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 14 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`1100
`
`1128
`
`CONTROL MAGNITUDE OF POWER THAT IS
`PROVIDED BY CHARGING STATION WITH RESPECT
`TO WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER TO BE NO GREATER
`THAN MAXIMUM SAFE POWER
`
`
`
`
`
`RECEIVE POSITION
`PARAMETER THAT SPECIFIES POSITION
`OF PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE VIA WIRELESS
`COMMUNICATIONLINK2
`
`
`
`
`
`YES
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`IS ORIENTATION
`OF TRANSFERELEMENT OF
`CHARGING STATION THAT GENERATES
`MAGNETIC FIELD FOR PERFORMING WIRELESS POWER
`TRANSFER OPTIMIZED WITH RESPECT TO
`POSITION OF PORTABLE
`ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`
`
`CHANGE ORIENTATION OF TRANSFERELEMENT
`BASED ON POSITION PARAMETER TO INCREASE
`INDUCTIVE COUPLING BETWEEN TRANSFER
`ELEMENT OF CHARGING STATION AND RECEIVING
`ELEMENT OF PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`F.G. 11D
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLE INC. / Page 16 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 15 Of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`1200
`
`
`
`CHARGING STATION
`
`WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER MODULE
`
`PARAMETER RECEIPT MODULE
`
`PARAMETER DETERMINATION MODULE
`
`FREQUENCY COMPARISON MODULE
`
`EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT MODULE
`
`POWER COMPARISON MODULE
`
`ORIENTATION DETERMINATION MODULE
`
`FIG. 12
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLE INC. / Page 17 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 16 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`1300
`
`
`
`WIRELESSLY TRANSFER POWER TO PORTABLE
`
`1302
`
`ELECTRONIC DEVICE VIA WIRELESS POWER
`
`LINK
`
`ANALYZE PARAMETER RECEIVED VIA WIRELESS
`
`1304
`
`COMMUNICATIONLINK REGARDING PORTABLE
`
`ELECTRONIC DEVICE WITH RESPECT TO
`
`WIRELESS TRANSFER OF POWER
`
`INCREASE EFFICIENCY WITH RESPECT TO
`
`WIRELESS TRANSFER OF POWER BASED ON
`
`ANALYSIS OF PARAMETER
`
`1306
`
`FIG. 13
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLE INC. / Page 18 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 17 Of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`1400
`
`
`
`CHARGING STATION
`
`WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER MODULE
`
`PARAMETER ANALYSIS MODULE
`
`EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT MODULE
`
`FIG. 14
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLE INC. / Page 19 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 18 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`1500
`
`
`
`GENERATE MAGNETIC FIELD
`
`1502
`
`WIRELESSLY TRANSFER POWER TO PORTABLE
`
`1504
`
`ELECTRONIC DEVICE VIA WIRELESS POWER
`
`LINK USING MAGNETIC FIELD
`
`ANALYZE PARAMETER RECEIVED VIA WIRELESS
`
`1506
`
`COMMUNICATIONLINK REGARDING PORTABLE
`
`ELECTRONIC DEVICE WITH RESPECT TO
`
`WIRELESS TRANSFER OF POWER
`
`CHANGE CHARACTERISTIC OF MAGNETIC FIELD
`
`1508
`
`TO INCREASE EFFICIENCY WITH RESPECT TO
`
`WIRELESS TRANSFER OF POWER BASED ON
`
`ANALYSIS OF PARAMETER
`
`FIG 15
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLE INC. / Page 20 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 19 Of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`1600
`
`
`
`CHARGING STATION
`
`WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER MODULE
`
`1608
`
`FIELD GENERATION MODULE
`
`COUPLING MODULE
`
`PARAMETER ANALYSIS MODULE
`
`EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT MODULE
`
`1612
`
`FIELD MANIPULATION MODULE
`
`FG 16
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLE INC. / Page 21 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 20 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`1700
`
`
`
`WIRELESSLY RECEIVE POWER FOR FIRST
`
`1702
`
`PERIOD OF TIME AT PORTABLE ELECTRONIC
`
`DEVICE FROM CHARGING STATION VIA
`
`WIRELESS POWER LINK HAVING FIRST
`
`TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY
`
`PROVIDE AT LEAST ONE PARAMETER
`
`1704
`
`REGARDING PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`WITH RESPECT TO RECEPT OF POWER DURING
`
`FIRST PERIOD OF TIME TO CHARGING STATION
`
`VIA WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONLINK
`
`WIRELESSLY RECEIVE POWER FOR SECOND
`
`1706
`
`PERIOD OF TIME AT PORTABLE ELECTRONIC
`
`DEVICE FROM CHARGING STATION VLA
`
`WIRELESS POWER LINK HAVING SECOND
`
`TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY THAT IS GREATER
`
`THAN FIRST TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY IN
`
`RESPONSE TO PROVIDING AT LEAST ONE
`
`PARAMETER TO CHARGING STATION
`
`FIG. 17
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLE INC. / Page 22 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 21 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`
`
`1800
`
`WIRELESSLY RECEIVE POWER FOR FIRST PERIOD OF TIME AT
`
`1802
`
`PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE FROM CHARGING STATION VIA
`
`WIRELESS POWERLINK HAVING FIRST TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY
`
`1804
`
`1806
`
`PROVIDE FREQUENCY PARAMETER THAT SPECIFIES RESONANT
`FREQUENCY OF PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE TO CHARGING
`STATION VIA WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONLINK
`
`WIRELESSLY RECEIVE POWER FOR SECOND PERIOD OF TIMEAT
`
`PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE FROM CHARGING STATION VLA
`
`WIRELESS POWER LINK HAVING SECONDTRANSMISSION
`
`EFFICIENCY THAT IS GREATER THAN FIRST TRANSMISSION
`EFFICIENCY IN RESPONSE TO PROVIDING FREQUENCY PARAMETER
`TO CHARGING STATION:
`WHEREIN FIRST EFFICIENCY IS BASED ON RESONANT INDUCTIVE
`
`COUPLING OF FIRST COIL IN PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE WITH
`
`SECOND COIL IN CHARGING STATION THAT GENERATES NON
`RADIATIVE MAGNETIC FIELD OSCILLATING AT FIRST FREQUENCY
`THAT IS NOT SUBSTANTIALLY SAME AS RESONANT FREQUENCY OF
`PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE: AND
`WHEREINSECOND EFFICIENCY IS BASED ON RESONANT INDUCTIVE
`
`COUPLING OF FIRST COIL IN PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE WITH
`
`SECOND COIL IN CHARGING STATION THAT GENERATES NON
`
`RADIATIVE MAGNETIC FIELD OSCILLATING AT SECOND
`FREQUENCY THAT ISSUBSTANTIALLY SAME AS RESONANT
`FREQUENCY OF PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`F.G. 18
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLE INC. / Page 23 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 22 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`1900
`
`
`
`WIRELESSLY RECEIVE MAGNITUDE OF POWER
`
`1902
`
`THAT IS GREATER THAN REFERENCE
`
`MAGNITUDE OF POWER FOR FIRST PERIOD OF
`
`TIME AT PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE FROM
`
`CHARGING STATION VIA WIRELESS POWER LINK
`
`HAVING FIRST TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY
`
`PROVIDE POWER PARAMETER TO CHARGING
`STATION VIA WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONLINK,
`POWER PARAMETER SPECIFYING REFERENCE
`MAGNITUDE OF POWER AS BEING REQUESTED
`BY PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`1904
`
`WIRELESSLY RECEIVE MAGNITUDE OF POWER
`
`1906
`
`THAT IS SUBSTANTIALLY SAME AS REFERENCE
`
`MAGNITUDE OF POWER FOR SECOND PERIOD OF
`
`TIME AT PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE FROM
`
`CHARGING STATION VIA WIRELESS POWER LINK
`
`HAVING SECONDTRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY
`
`THAT IS GREATER THAN FIRST TRANSMISSION
`
`EFFICIENCY IN RESPONSE TO PROVIDING POWER
`
`PARAMETER TO CHARGING STATION
`
`FIG. 19
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLE INC. / Page 24 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 23 Of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`2000
`
`
`
`WIRELESSLY RECEIVE MAGNITUDE OF POWER AT PORTABLE
`
`2002
`
`ELECTRONIC DEVICE FOR FIRST PERIOD OF TIME FROM
`
`CHARGING STATION VIA WIRELESS POWER LINK HAVING
`FIRST TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY, MAGNITUDE OF POWER
`WIRELESSLY RECEIVED FOR FIRST PERIOD OF TIME IS
`
`GREATER THAN MAGNITUDE OF POWER CONSUMED BY
`
`PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE FOR FIRST PERIOD OF TIME
`
`PROVIDE POWER PARAMETER THAT SPECIFIES MAGNITUDE OF
`
`2004
`
`POWER CONSUMED BY PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`DURING FIRST PERIOD OF TIME TO CHARGING STATION VIA
`
`WIRELESS COMMUNICATION LINK
`
`WIRELESSLY RECEIVE MAGNITUDE OF POWER AT PORTABLE
`
`2006
`
`ELECTRONIC DEVICE FOR SECOND PERIOD OF TIME FROM
`
`CHARGING STATION VIA WIRELESS POWER LINK HAVING
`
`SECONDTRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY THAT IS GREATER THAN
`
`FIRST TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY IN RESPONSE TO PROVIDING
`POWER PARAMETER TO CHARGING STATION, MAGNITUDE OF
`POWER WIRELESSLY RECEIVED FOR SECOND PERIOD OF TIME
`
`IS SUBSTANTIALLY SAME AS MAGNITUDE OF POWER
`
`CONSUMED BY PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE FOR SECOND
`
`PERIOD OF TIME
`
`FIG. 20
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLE INC. / Page 25 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 24 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`2100
`
`2102
`
`2104
`
`2106
`
`
`
`WIRELESSLY RECEIVE MAGNITUDE OF POWER
`
`THAT IS GREATER THAN MAXIMUM SAFE
`POWER, WHICH PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`IS CAPABLE OF CONSUMING WITHOUT
`
`SUBSTANTIAL RISK OF DAMAGING PORTABLE
`ELECTRONIC DEVICE, FOR FIRST PERIOD OF
`TIME AT PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE FROM
`
`CHARGING STATION VIA WIRELESS POWER LINK
`
`HAVING FIRST TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY
`
`PROVIDE POWER PARAMETER THAT SPECIFIES
`
`MAXIMUM SAFE POWER TO CHARGING STATION
`
`VIA WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONLINK
`
`WIRELESSLY RECEIVE MAGNITUDE OF POWER
`
`THAT IS NO GREATER THAN MAXIMUM SAFE
`
`POWER FOR SECOND PERIOD OF TIMEAT
`
`PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE FROM
`
`CHARGING STATION VIA WIRELESS POWER LINK
`
`HAVING SECONDTRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY
`
`THAT IS GREATER THAN FIRST TRANSMISSION
`
`EFFICIENCY IN RESPONSE TO PROVIDING POWER
`
`PARAMETER TO CHARGING STATION
`
`FIG 21
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLE INC. / Page 26 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 25 Of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`2200
`
`
`
`PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`WIRELESS POWER RECEIPT MODULE
`
`PARAMETER MODULE
`
`FIG. 22
`
`Ex.1010
`APPLE INC. / Page 27 of 41
`
`

`

`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`1.
`INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF WIRELESS
`POWER TRANSFER
`
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`
`This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent
`application Ser. No. 12/421,762, filed Apr. 10, 2009, which
`claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.
`61/150,554, filed Feb. 6, 2009, the entireties of which are
`incorporated by reference herein.
`
`10
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`2
`Charger System, and U.S. Pat. No. 7,042,196 to Ka-Lai et
`al., entitled “Contact-less Power Transfer, each of which is
`incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein.
`Examples of some conventional devices that include batteries
`that may be recharged via inductive coupling include the
`Braun Oral B Plak Control Power Toothbrush, the Panasonic
`Digital Cordless Phone Solution KX-PH15AL and the Pana
`sonic multi-head men's shavers ES70/40 series.
`Another example of a technology that Supports the use of
`inductive coupling to wirelessly transfer power is called Near
`Field Communication (NFC). NFC is a short-range high fre
`quency wireless communication technology that enables the
`exchange of data between devices over approximately a deci
`meter distance. NFC is an extension of the ISO/IEC 14443
`proximity-card standard that combines the interface of a
`smartcard and a reader into a single device. An NFC device
`can communicate with both existing ISO/IEC 14443 Smart
`cards and readers, as well as with other NFC devices, and is
`thereby compatible with existing contactless infrastructure
`already in use for public transportation and payment. The air
`interface for NFC is described in ISO/IEC 18092/ECMA
`340: Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol-1
`(NFCIP-1) and ISO/IEC 21481/ECMA-352: Near Field
`Communication Interface and Protocol-2 (NFCIP-2), which
`are incorporated by reference herein.
`NFC devices communicate via magnetic field induction,
`wherein two loop antennas are located within each other's
`near field, effectively forming an air-core transformer. In a
`passive communication mode, an initiator device provides a
`carrier field and a target device answers by modulating the
`existing field. In this mode, the target device may draw its
`operating power from the initiator-provided electromagnetic
`field.
`“Resonant inductive coupling refers to a more recently
`publicized type of inductive coupling that utilizes magneti
`cally-coupled resonators for wirelessly transferring power. In
`a system that uses resonant inductive coupling, a first coil
`attached to a sending unit generates a non-radiative magnetic
`field oscillating at megahertz (MHz) frequencies. The non
`radiative field mediates a power exchange with a second coil
`attached to a receiving unit, which is specially designed to
`resonate with the field. The resonant nature of the process
`facilitates a strong interaction between the sending unit and
`the receiving unit, while the interaction with the rest of the
`environment is weak. Power that is not picked up by the
`receiving unit remains bound to the vicinity of the sending
`unit, instead of being radiated into the environment and lost.
`Resonant inductive coupling is said to enable relatively
`efficient wireless power transfer over distances that are a few
`times the size of the device to be powered, therefore exceed
`ing the performance of systems based on non-resonant induc
`tive coupling. An example of a wireless powertransfer system
`based on resonant inductive coupling is described in U.S.
`Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0222542 to Joan
`nopoulos et al., entitled “Wireless Non-radiative Energy
`Transfer, which is incorporated by reference herein.
`Given the explosive growth in the use of portable electronic
`devices such as laptop computers, cellular telephones, and
`portable media devices, it is anticipated that there will be a
`strong demand for systems that facilitate the wireless recharg
`ing of power sources based on various types of near field
`inductive coupling Such as those described above. Indeed, it
`may be deemed desirable to make Such systems available in
`public spaces such as airports or in commercial establish
`ments such as restaurants or hotels to allow users to recharge
`their portable electronic devices while away from home.
`
`15
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`1. Field of the Invention
`The invention generally relates to Systems capable of trans
`mitting electrical power without wires.
`2. Background
`As used herein, the term wireless power transfer refers to a
`process by which electrical energy is transmitted from a
`power source to an electrical load without interconnecting
`wires. Wireless power transfer is useful for applications in
`which instantaneous or continuous energy transfer is needed,
`but for which providing a wired connection is inconvenient,
`hazardous, or impossible.
`It has been observed that while electromagnetic radiation
`(such as radio waves) is excellent for transmitting informa
`tion wirelessly, it is generally not suitable for transferring
`power wirelessly. For example, if power were transferred
`using omnidirectional electromagnetic waves, a vast majority
`of the power would end up being wasted in free space.
`Directed electromagnetic radiation such as lasers might be
`used to transfer power between a power source and a device,
`but this is not very practical and could even be dangerous.
`Such an approach would also require an uninterrupted line of
`sight between the power source and the device, as well as a
`Sophisticated tracking mechanism when the device is mobile.
`For the foregoing reasons, conventional systems that trans
`fer power wirelessly are typically based on the concept of
`electromagnetic induction rather than electromagnetic radia
`40
`tion. These systems include systems based on inductive cou
`pling and systems based on so-called “resonant inductive
`coupling.”
`Inductive coupling refers to the transfer of energy from one
`circuit component to another through a shared electromag
`netic field. In inductive coupling, a current running in an
`emitting coil induces another current in a receiving coil. The
`two coils are in close proximity, but do not touch.
`Inductive coupling has been used in a variety of systems,
`including but not limited to systems that wirelessly charge a
`battery in a portable electronic device. In such systems, the
`portable electronic device is placed in close proximity to a
`charging station. A first induction coil in the charging station
`is used to create an alternating electromagnetic field, and a
`second induction coil in the portable electronic device derives
`power from the electromagnetic field and converts it back into
`electrical current to charge the battery. Thus, in Such systems,
`there is no need for direct electrical contact between the
`battery and the charging station.
`Some examples of various different types of charging sys
`tems based on the principle of inductive coupling are
`described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,938,018 to Dahl, entitled “Induc
`tion Charging System.” U.S. Pat. No. 4,873,677 to Sakamoto
`et al., entitled “Charging Apparatus for an Electronic Device.”
`U.S. Pat. No. 5,952,814 to Van Lerberghe, entitled “Induction
`Charging Apparatus and an Electronic Device.” U.S. Pat. No.
`5.959,433 to Rohde, entitled “Universal Inductive Battery
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`Ex.1010
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`

`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`10
`
`15
`
`25
`
`3
`Such wireless transfer of power in public or commercial
`environments may be made available to users for a fee. How
`ever, in order to achieve this, the wireless power transfer
`system must provide a secure and efficient way of obtaining
`requisite payment information from a user prior to perform
`ing the wireless power transfer. Still further, to accommodate
`wireless recharging of a variety of device types and states, the
`desired system should be able to receive parameters and/or
`state information associated with a portable electronic device
`to be recharged and to control the wireless power transfer in
`accordance with Such parameters and/or state information.
`Unfortunately, none of the foregoing systems based on
`inductive coupling or resonant inductive coupling provide
`such features. For example, although NFC devices may use
`magnetic field induction to wirelessly transfer power as well
`as payment information and other types of data, it does not
`appear that such NFC devices are designed to use the wire
`lessly transferred power to recharge a power source associ
`ated with a portable electronic device. Furthermore, it does
`not appear that Such devices control the wireless power trans
`fer based on parameters and/or state information received
`from the portable electronic device having a power source to
`be recharged. Moreover, conventional techniques for trans
`ferring power wirelessly do not allow for feedback to increase
`efficiency of the wireless power transfer.
`
`BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`A system and/or method for increasing efficiency of wire
`less power transfer, Substantially as shown in and/or
`described in connection with at least one of the figures, as set
`forth more completely in the claims.
`
`30
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE
`DRAWINGS/FIGURES
`
`The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated
`herein and form part of the specification, illustrate embodi
`ments of the present invention and, together with the descrip
`tion, further serve to explain the principles involved and to
`enable a person skilled in the relevant art(s) to make and use
`the disclosed technologies.
`FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example wireless power
`transfer system in accordance with an embodiment described
`herein.
`FIG. 2 depicts a flowchart of a method for wirelessly trans
`ferring power from a charging station to a portable electronic
`device in accordance with an embodiment described herein.
`FIG. 3 depicts a flowchart of a method for wirelessly
`receiving power from a charging station by a portable elec
`tronic device in accordance with an embodiment described
`herein.
`FIG. 4 depicts a flowchart of an additional method for
`wirelessly transferring power from a charging station to a
`portable electronic device in accordance with an embodiment
`described herein.
`FIG. 5 depicts a flowchart of an additional method for
`wirelessly receiving power from a charging station by a por
`table electronic device in accordance with an embodiment
`described herein.
`FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a wireless power transfer
`system in accordance with an embodiment described herein
`in which a wireless power link is established using a receiver
`and transmitter and a wireless communication link is estab
`lished using a separate pair of transceivers.
`FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a wireless power transfer
`system in accordance with an alternate embodiment
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`4
`described herein in which a wireless communication link
`between a portable electronic device and a charging station is
`unidirectional.
`FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a wireless power transfer
`system in accordance with an alternate embodiment
`described herein in which a charging station includes a plu
`rality of different communication link transceivers to facili
`tate the establishment of wireless communication links with a
`plurality of different types of portable electronic devices.
`FIG.9 depicts a flowchart of a method for increasing effi
`ciency of wireless power transfer in accordance with an
`embodiment described herein.
`FIGS. 10, 12, 14, and 16 are block diagrams of example
`implementations of a charging station in accordance with
`embodiments described herein.
`FIGS. 11A-11D depict respective portions of a flowchart of
`a method for increasing efficiency of wireless power transfer
`in accordance with an embodiment described herein.
`FIGS. 13, 15, and 17-21 depict flowcharts of methods for
`increasing efficiency of wireless powertransferinaccordance
`with embodiments described herein.
`FIG. 22 is a block diagram of an example implementation
`of a portable electronic device in accordance with an embodi
`ment described herein.
`The features and advantages of the disclosed technologies
`will become more apparent from the detailed