I 1111111111111111 11111 1111111111 111111111111111 11111 11111 111111111111111111
`US0084271 00B2
`
`c12) United States Patent
`Vorenkamp et al.
`
`(IO) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`(54)
`
`INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF WIRELESS
`POWER TRANSFER
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors: Pieter Vorenkamp, Laguna Niguel, CA
`(US); Reinier Van Der Lee, Lake Forest,
`CA (US); InSun Van Loo, Wijchen (NL)
`
`(73) Assignee: Broadcom Corporation, Irvine, CA
`(US)
`
`( *) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 447 days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 12/580,689
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Oct.16, 2009
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2010/0201313 Al
`
`Aug. 12, 2010
`
`5,455,466 A
`5,734,254 A
`5,812,643 A
`5,952,814 A
`5,959,433 A
`6,067,008 A
`6,114,832 A
`6,275,143 Bl
`6,384,578 Bl
`6,463,305 Bl
`6,756,765 B2
`7,009,362 B2
`7,042,196 B2
`7,375,492 B2 *
`7,378,817 B2
`
`10/1995 Parks et al.
`3/ 1998 Stephens
`9/1998 Schelberg, Jr. et al.
`9/1999 Van Lerberghe
`9/1999 Rohde
`5/2000 Smith
`9/2000 Lappi et al.
`8/2001 Stobbe
`5/2002 Patino et al.
`10/2002 Crane
`6/2004 Bruning
`3/2006 Tsukamoto et al.
`5/2006 Ka-Lai et al.
`5/2008 Calhoon et al. ............... 320/108
`5/2008 Calhoon et al.
`(Continued)
`
`Primary Examiner - Edward Tso
`Assistant Examiner - Alexis Boateng
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm - Fiala & Weaver P.L.L.C.
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`(63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 12/421,762,
`filed on Apr. 10, 2009.
`
`(60) Provisional application No. 61/150,554, filed on Feb.
`6, 2009.
`
`(51)
`
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`
`Int. Cl.
`H02J 7104
`H02J7/00
`(52) U.S. Cl.
`USPC ........... 320/108; 320/107; 320/114; 320/156;
`320/158; 320/162
`(58) Field of Classification Search .................. 320/108,
`320/104, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 162,
`320/163, 164, 165
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`3,938,018 A
`2/1976 Dahl
`4,873,677 A
`10/ 1989 Sakamoto et al.
`
`104
`__________________________________________________________ ;
`
`Techniques are described herein that are capable of increas(cid:173)
`ing efficiency of wireless power transfer. A wireless power
`transfer system includes features that allow the system to be
`deployed in public spaces such as airports or in commercial
`establishments such as restaurants or hotels to allow a user to
`recharge one or more portable electronic devices while away
`from home. To accommodate wireless recharging of a variety
`of device types and states, the system may receive parameters
`and/or state information associated with a portable electronic
`device to be recharged and may control the wireless power
`transfer in accordance with such parameters and/or state
`information. For instance, the system may increase efficiency
`of the wireless power transfer based on such parameters and/
`or state information. The system may also provide a secure
`and efficient means for obtaining required payment informa(cid:173)
`tion from the user prior to the wireless power transfer, thereby
`facilitating fee-based recharging.
`
`21 Claims, 25 Drawing Sheets
`
`102
`·-----,
`, ____________ !
`'
`'
`: 106:
`i/
`+t-z....;..
`
`100 ;
`
`--------------------------------------
`
`124
`
`POWER
`SOURCE
`
`122
`
`126
`
`COMM LINK
`MANAGER
`
`128
`
`WIRELESS
`POWER/
`COMM LINK
`TRANSCEIVER
`
`WIRELESS
`POWER/
`COMM LINK
`TRANSCEIVER
`
`144
`
`146
`
`BATTERY
`RECHARGING t--~---<
`UNIT
`
`BATTERY
`
`154
`
`142
`
`150
`
`COMM LINK
`MANAGER
`
`Ex.1012
`APPLE INC. / Page 1 of 41
`
`

`

`US 8,427,100 B2
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`7,683,572 B2
`3/2010 Toya
`7,750,598 B2
`7/2010 Hoffman et al.
`7,786,419 B2
`8/2010 Hyde et al.
`8,004,235 B2 *
`8/2011 Baarman et al. .............. 320/108
`8,060,011 B2 * 11/2011 Jin ............................... 455/41.1
`8,103,313 B2
`1/2012 Enmei
`2004/0145342 Al*
`7/2004 Lyon ............................. 320/108
`2005/0127869 Al
`6/2005 Calhoon et al.
`2005/0134213 Al
`6/2005 Takagi et al.
`2007/0082715 Al*
`4/2007 Rofougaran et al.
`. ........ 455/574
`9/2007 Joannopoulos et al.
`2007 /0222542 Al
`2007 /0228833 Al
`10/2007 Stevens et al.
`2008/0111518 Al*
`5/2008 Toya ............................. 320/108
`2008/0197802 Al*
`8/2008 Onishi et al. .................. 320/106
`2008/0238364 Al* 10/2008 Weber et al . .................. 320/108
`10/2008 Manico et al.
`2008/0258679 Al
`
`2008/0272889 Al
`2008/0297107 Al *
`2009/0096413 Al
`2009/0102296 Al
`2009/0133942 Al *
`2009/0134713 Al*
`2009/0146608 Al
`2009/0206791 Al
`2009/0230777 Al
`2009/0276700 Al
`2009/0284245 Al*
`2010/0036773 Al *
`2010/0201310 Al
`2010/0201513 Al
`2011/0210696 Al *
`
`11/2008
`12/2008
`4/2009
`4/2009
`5/2009
`5/2009
`6/2009
`8/2009
`9/2009
`11/2009
`11/2009
`2/2010
`8/2010
`8/2010
`9/2011
`
`Symons
`.................... 320/108
`Kato et al.
`Partovi et al.
`Greene et al.
`178/43
`Iisaka et al.
`Stevens et al. ................ 307/104
`Lee
`Jung
`Baarman et al.
`Anderson et al.
`Kirby et al. ................... 323/318
`Bennett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 5/ 67
`Vorenkamp et al.
`Vorenkamp et al.
`Inoue ............................ 320/108
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`Ex.1012
`APPLE INC. / Page 2 of 41
`
`

`

`-------------------------------------------
`
`~ = ~
`
`~
`~
`~
`•
`00
`~
`
`100 ;
`
`'106•
`: J :
`,-------------!.
`: I
`102
`
`--------------------------___ .r!__ -------:
`
`104
`
`---------------
`
`---------------
`
`"'""' = = = N
`
`'-"--...l
`N
`~
`00
`
`d r.,;_
`
`FIG.1
`
`1---------------------------------------------------------
`
`1---------------------------------------------------------------------
`
`0 ....
`....
`.....
`rJJ =(cid:173)
`
`('D
`('D
`
`Ul
`N
`
`MANAGER
`COMM LINK ./128
`
`126
`r
`MANAGER
`
`LINK
`
`POWER
`
`MANAGER
`150\. COMM LINK
`
`148
`r
`MONITOR
`
`LINK
`
`POWER
`
`142
`r
`
`154
`r
`
`BATTERY
`
`LOAD
`
`122
`r'
`
`SOURCE
`POWER
`
`,r 124
`
`TRANSCEIVER
`
`COMM LINK
`
`POWER/
`WIRELESS
`
`I
`I
`i~
`
`~ :
`
`TRANSCEIVER
`
`COMM LINK
`
`POWER/
`146, WIRELESS
`
`UNIT
`
`RECHARGING
`
`BATTERY
`
`-
`
`144,
`
`N
`'-"
`~
`N
`:-:
`> "e
`
`0 ....
`
`~
`
`Ex.1012
`APPLE INC. / Page 3 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 2 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`200 ;
`
`ESTABLISH WIRELESS POWER LINK V 202
`WITH PORTABLE ELECTRONIC
`DEVICE
`
`,.
`ESTABLISH WIRELESS
`COMMUNICATION LINK WITH
`PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`V 204
`
`,.
`RECENE PAYMENT INFORMATION V 206
`FROM PORTABLE ELECTRONIC
`DEVICE VIA WIRELESS
`COMMUNICATION LINK
`
`TRANSFER POWER TO PORTABLE
`ELECTRONIC DEVICE OVER
`WIRELESS POWER LINK RESPONSNE
`TO RECEIVING PAYMENT
`INFORMATION
`
`V 208
`
`FIG. 2
`
`Ex.1012
`APPLE INC. / Page 4 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 3 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`300
`(
`
`ESTABLISH WIRELESS POWER LINK
`WITH CHARGING STATION
`
`'
`EST AB LISH WIRELESS
`COMMUNICATION LINK WITH
`CHARGING STATION
`
`V 302
`
`V 304
`
`'
`TRANSMIT PAYMENT INFORMATION TO V 306
`CHARGING STATION VIA WIRELESS
`COMMUNICATION LINK
`
`'
`RECEIVE POWER FROM CHARGING
`STATION OVER WIRELESS POWER LINK
`RESPONSNE TO RECEIPT OF PAYMENT
`INFORMATION BY CHARGING STATION
`
`V 308
`
`FIG. 3
`
`Ex.1012
`APPLE INC. / Page 5 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 4 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`400
`(
`
`ESTABLISH WIRELESS POWER LINK
`WITH PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`f 402
`
`1,
`ESTABLISH WIRELESS
`COMMUNICATION LINK WITH
`PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`1,
`RECEIVE PARAMETERS AND/OR STATE
`INFORMATION FROM PORTABLE
`ELECTRONIC DEVICE VIA WIRELESS
`COMMUNICATION LINK
`
`1,
`TRANSFER POWER TO PORTABLE
`ELECTRONIC DEVICE OVER WIRELESS
`POWER LINK, WHEREIN MANNER IN
`WHICH POWER IS TRANSFERRED IS
`CONTROLLED IN ACCORDANCE WITH
`PARAMETERS AND/OR STATE
`INFORMATION
`
`f 404
`
`f 406
`
`f 408
`
`FIG. 4
`
`Ex.1012
`APPLE INC. / Page 6 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 5 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`500
`(
`
`ESTABLISH WIRELESS POWER LINK WITH
`CHARGING STATION
`
`f 502
`
`II'
`
`ESTABLISH WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
`LINK WITH CHARGING STATION
`
`II'
`
`TRANSMIT PARAMETERS AND/OR STATE
`INFORMATION TO CHARGING STATION
`VIA WIRELESS COMMUNICATION LINK
`
`II'
`
`RECEIVE POWER FROM CHARGING
`STATION OVER WIRELESS POWER LINK,
`WHEREIN MANNER IN WHICH POWER IS
`TRANSFERRED IS CONTROLLED IN
`ACCORDANCE WITH PARAMETERS
`AND/OR STATE INFORMATION
`
`f 504
`
`f 506
`
`f 508
`
`FIG. 5
`
`Ex.1012
`APPLE INC. / Page 7 of 41
`
`

`

`"'""' = = = N
`
`'-"--...l
`N
`~
`00
`
`d r.,;_
`
`FIG. 6
`
`1---------------------------------------------------------
`
`1---------------------------------------------------------------------:
`
`0 ....
`O'I
`.....
`rJJ =(cid:173)
`
`('D
`('D
`
`Ul
`N
`
`N
`'-"
`~
`N
`:-:
`> "e
`
`0 ....
`
`~
`
`~ = ~
`
`~
`~
`~
`•
`00
`~
`
`MANAGER
`COMMLTNK v628
`
`t---
`
`TRANSCEIVER
`
`~
`
`COMM LINK
`
`(
`608
`
`TRANSCEIVER
`
`COMM LINK
`
`-
`
`(
`652
`
`626
`r'
`
`MANAGER
`
`LTNK
`
`POWER
`
`;
`630
`
`648
`I'
`
`MONITOR
`
`LTNK
`
`POWER
`
`MANAGER
`650\, COMM LINK
`
`642
`r'
`
`654
`r'
`
`BATTERY
`
`LOAD
`
`622
`r'
`
`SOURCE
`POWER
`
`v624
`
`TRANSMITTER
`
`POWER
`
`WIRELESS
`
`+-t-LL
`606: ; :
`
`RECEIVER
`
`POWER
`
`WIRELESS
`
`Mb"\,
`646
`
`UNIT
`
`RECHARGING
`
`BATTERY
`
`-
`
`644,
`
`-----------------------------
`
`,-------------;_
`602
`
`I
`I
`
`__________________________________________________________ ; ______ _
`
`604
`
`600 ;
`
`Ex.1012
`APPLE INC. / Page 8 of 41
`
`

`

`"'""' = = = N
`
`'-"--...l
`N
`~
`00
`
`d r.,;_
`
`FIG. 7
`
`•---------------------------------------------------------
`
`•-----------------
`
`0 ....
`-....J
`.....
`rJJ =(cid:173)
`
`('D
`('D
`
`Ul
`N
`
`N
`'-"
`~
`N
`:-:
`> "e
`
`0 ....
`
`~
`
`~ = ~
`
`~
`~
`~
`•
`00
`~
`
`722
`r'
`
`SOURCE
`POWER
`
`vn4
`
`POWER
`
`WIRELESS
`
`~
`
`I :
`706:
`
`RECEIVER
`
`POWER
`
`WIRELESS
`
`746 "'\.
`
`UNIT
`
`RECHARGING
`
`BATTERY
`
`-
`
`744,
`
`, _____________ / ________________________________________ _
`
`702
`
`__________________________________________________________ / ------
`
`704
`
`I
`I
`
`700 ;
`
`MANAGER
`COMM LINK vns
`
`1---
`
`RECEIVER
`COMM LINK
`
`~
`
`I
`708
`
`TRANSMITTER
`
`COMM LINK
`
`-
`
`;
`752
`
`748
`
`('
`
`MONTTOR
`
`LINK
`
`POWER
`
`MANAGER
`750\, COMM LINK
`
`742
`r'
`
`754
`r'
`
`BATTERY
`
`LOAD
`
`726
`r'
`
`MANAGER
`
`LINK
`
`POWER
`
`;
`730
`
`TRANSMITTER
`
`Ex.1012
`APPLE INC. / Page 9 of 41
`
`

`

`"'""' = = = N
`
`'-0--...l
`N
`~
`00
`
`d r.,;_
`
`0 ....
`.....
`rJJ =(cid:173)
`
`QO
`
`('D
`('D
`
`Ul
`N
`
`N
`'-"
`~
`N
`:-:
`> "e
`
`0 ....
`
`~
`
`~ = ~
`
`~
`~
`~
`•
`r:J)_
`~
`
`, ___________________________ 830N ________________________ _
`
`"\..
`
`TRANSCEIVER
`NTH COMM LTNK
`
`r'\..830B
`
`• • •
`
`FIG. 8
`
`•----------------------------------------------------------------------
`
`•••
`
`MANAGER
`COMM LINK
`
`,------
`
`TRANSCEIVER
`2"° COMM LINK
`
`TRANSCEIVER
`1 ST COMM LlNK
`
`~
`
`TRANSCEIVER
`COMMLlNK
`
`-
`
`MANAGER
`COMM LINK
`
`_I
`808
`
`826
`r'
`
`;
`830A
`
`MANAGER
`
`LINK
`
`POWER
`
`-------------------------------------------
`.;
`802
`800
`
`822
`r'
`
`SOURCE
`POWER
`
`v824
`
`TRANSMITTER
`
`POWER
`
`WIRELESS
`
`+-tz__L_
`i I i
`
`----------, 806 ,---------____ ;
`804
`
`(
`852
`
`RECEIVER
`
`POWER
`
`WIRELESS
`
`848
`r'
`
`MONITOR
`
`LINK
`
`POWER
`
`BATTERY
`
`LOAD
`
`I',
`46,
`
`UNIT
`
`RECHARGING
`
`BATTERY
`
`-
`
`844,
`------------
`
`______________________________________________ ;
`
`Ex.1012
`APPLE INC. / Page 10 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 9 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`900
`(
`
`INITIATE WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER FROM
`
`CHARGING STATION TO PORTABLE ELECTRONIC
`
`DEVICE VIA WIRELESS POWER LINK
`
`V 902
`
`RECEIVE AT LEAST ONE PARAMETER
`
`V 904
`
`Ir
`
`REGARDING PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE AT
`
`CHARGING STATION VIA WIRELESS
`
`COMMUNICATION LINK
`
`,,
`INCREASE EFFICIENCY OF WIRELESS POWER
`
`V 906
`
`TRANSFER BASED ON AT LEAST ONE
`
`PARAMETER
`
`FIG. 9
`
`Ex.1012
`APPLE INC. / Page 11 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 10 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`1000
`
`(
`
`CHARGING STATION
`
`rI002
`
`WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER MODULE
`
`r1004
`
`PARAMETER RECEIPT MODULE
`
`EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT MODULE
`
`FIG. 10
`
`Ex.1012
`APPLE INC. / Page 12 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 11 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`INITIATE WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER FROM
`CHARGING STATION TO PORTABLE ELECTRONIC
`DEVICE VIA WIRELESS POWER LINK
`
`1100
`
`!
`
`1102
`
`CHANGE FREQUENCY AT WHICH NON(cid:173)
`RADIATIVE MAGNETIC FIELD OSCILLATES TO BE
`SUBSTANTIALLY EQUAL TO RESONANT
`FREQUENCY OF PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`1108
`
`A
`
`B
`
`FIG. llA
`
`Ex.1012
`APPLE INC. / Page 13 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 12 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`llOO ;
`
`NO
`
`1114
`
`A
`
`REDUCE MAGNITUDE OF POWER THAT IS PROVIDED
`BY CHARGING ST A TTON WTTH RESPECT TO
`WTRELESS POWER TRANSFER TO BE
`SUBSTANTIALLY EQUAL TO MAGNTTUDE OF POWER
`REQUESTED BY PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`NO
`
`INCREASE MAGNITUDE OF POWER THAT IS
`PROVIDED BY CHARGING STATION WITH RESPECT
`TO WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER TO BE
`SUBSTANTIALLY EQUAL TO MAGNITUDE OF POWER
`REQUESTED BY PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`1118
`
`B
`
`FIG. 11B
`
`Ex.1012
`APPLE INC. / Page 14 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 13 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`B
`
`1100
`
`(
`
`NO
`
`REDUCE MAGNITUDE OF POWER THAT IS PROVIDED
`BY CHARGING STATION WITH RESPECT TO
`WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER TO BE
`SUBSTANTIALLY EQUAL TO MAGNITUDE OF POWER
`CONSUMED BY PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`WITH RESPECT TO WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER
`
`1124
`
`FIG. llC
`
`Ex.1012
`APPLE INC. / Page 15 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 14 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`D
`
`C
`
`CONTROL MAGNITUDE OF POWER THAT IS
`PROVIDED BY CHARGING STATION WITH RESPECT
`TO WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER TO BE NO GREATER
`THAN MAXIMUM SAFE POWER
`
`1100 ;
`
`1128
`
`NO
`
`CHANGE ORIENTATION OF TRANSFER ELEMENT
`BASED ON POSITION PARAMETER TO INCREASE
`INDUCTIVE COUPLING BETWEEN TRANSFER
`ELEMENT OF CHARGING STATION AND RECEIVING
`ELEMENT OF PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`1134
`
`END
`
`FIG. 11D
`
`Ex.1012
`APPLE INC. / Page 16 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 15 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`1200 ;
`
`CHARGING STATION
`
`r1202
`
`WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER MODULE
`
`PARAMETER RECEIPT MODULE
`
`r1204
`
`;--1206
`
`PARAMETER DETERMINATION MODULE
`
`FREQUENCY COMPARISON MODULE
`
`_r 1208
`
`EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT MODULE
`
`r 1210
`
`POWER COMPARISON MODULE
`
`_r-1212
`
`_r-1214
`
`ORIENTATION DETERMINATION MODULE
`
`FIG. 12
`
`Ex.1012
`APPLE INC. / Page 17 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 16 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`1300 ;
`
`WIRELESSLY TRANSFER POWER TO PORTABLE V 1302
`ELECTRONIC DEVICE VIA WIRELESS POWER
`
`LINK
`
`•
`ANALYZE PARAMETER RECENED VIA WIRELESS V 1304
`COMMUNICATION LINK REGARDING PORTABLE
`
`ELECTRONIC DEVICE WITH RESPECT TO
`
`WIRELESS TRANSFER OF POWER
`
`,,
`INCREASE EFFICIENCY WITH RESPECT TO
`
`V 1306
`
`WIRELESS TRANSFER OF POWER BASED ON
`
`ANALYSIS OF PARAMETER
`
`FIG. 13
`
`Ex.1012
`APPLE INC. / Page 18 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 17 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`1400 ;
`
`CHARGING STATION
`
`,--1402
`
`WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER MODULE
`
`PARAMETER ANALYSIS MODULE
`
`,--1404
`
`,,,.-1406
`
`EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT MODULE
`
`FIG. 14
`
`Ex.1012
`APPLE INC. / Page 19 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 18 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`1500
`
`/
`
`1502
`
`GENERA TE MAGNETIC FIELD
`
`1
`
`WIRELESSLY TRANSFER POWER TO PORTABLE V 1504
`ELECTRONIC DEVICE VIA WIRELESS POWER
`
`LINK USING MAGNETIC FIELD
`
`•
`ANALYZE PARAMETER RECEIVED VIA WIRELESS V 1506
`COMMUNICATION LINK REGARDING PORTABLE
`
`ELECTRONIC DEVICE WITH RESPECT TO
`
`WIRELESS TRANSFER OF POWER
`
`,,
`CHANGE CHARACTERISTIC OF MAGNETIC FIELD
`
`...r 1508
`
`TO INCREASE EFFICIENCY WITH RESPECT TO
`
`WIRELESS TRANSFER OF POWER BASED ON
`
`ANALYSIS OF PARAMETER
`
`FIG. 15
`
`Ex.1012
`APPLE INC. / Page 20 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 19 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`1600 ;
`
`CHARGING STATION
`
`1602
`
`WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER MODULE
`
`,r1608
`
`FIELD GENERATION MODULE
`
`COUPLING MODULE
`
`PARAMETER ANALYSIS MODULE
`
`,r1604
`
`1606
`
`EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT MODULE
`
`,r1612
`
`FIELD MANIPULATION MODULE
`
`FIG. 16
`
`Ex.1012
`APPLE INC. / Page 21 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 20 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`1700
`
`(
`
`WIRELESSL Y RECEIVE POWER FOR FIRST
`
`vI702
`
`PERIOD OF TIME AT PORTABLE ELECTRONIC
`
`DEVICE FROM CHARGING STATION VIA
`
`WIRELESS POWER LINK HAVING FIRST
`
`TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY
`
`,.
`
`PROVIDE AT LEAST ONE PARAMETER
`
`vI704
`
`REGARDING PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`WITH RESPECT TO RECEIPT OF POWER DURING
`
`FIRST PERIOD OF TIME TO CHARGING STATION
`
`VIA WIRELESS COMMUNICATION LINK
`
`,,
`
`WIRELESSL Y RECEIVE POWER FOR SECOND
`
`PERIOD OF TIME AT PORTABLE ELECTRONIC
`
`DEVICE FROM CHARGING STATION VIA
`
`WIRELESS POWER LINK HAVING SECOND
`
`TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY THAT IS GREATER
`
`THAN FIRST TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY IN
`
`RESPONSE TO PROVIDING AT LEAST ONE
`
`PARAMETER TO CHARGING STATION
`
`v1706
`
`FIG. 17
`
`Ex.1012
`APPLE INC. / Page 22 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 21 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`1800
`(
`
`WIRELESSL Y RECEIVE POWER FOR FIRST PERIOD OF TIME AT
`
`V 1802
`
`PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE FROM CHARGING STATION VIA
`
`WIRELESS POWER LINK HA YING FIRST TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY
`
`..r 1804
`
`..r 1806
`
`l
`
`PROVIDE FREQUENCY PARAMETER THAT SPECIFIES RESONANT
`
`FREQUENCY OF PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE TO CHARGING
`
`STATION VIA WIRELESS COMMUNICATION LINK
`
`1
`
`WIRELESSL Y RECEIVE POWER FOR SECOND PERIOD OF TIME AT
`
`PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE FROM CHARGING STATION VIA
`
`WIRELESS POWER LINK HA YING SECOND TRANSMISSION
`
`EFFICIENCY THAT IS GREATER THAN FIRST TRANSMISSION
`
`EFFlClENCY lN RESPONSE TO PROYlDlNG FREQUENCY PARAMETER
`
`TO CHARGING STATION;
`
`WHEREIN FIRST EFFICIENCY IS BASED ON RESONANT INDUCTIVE
`
`COUPLING OF FIRST COIL IN PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE WITH
`
`SECOND COIL IN CHARGING STATION THAT GENERATES NON-
`
`RADIATIVE MAGNETIC FIELD OSCILLATING AT FIRST FREQUENCY
`
`THAT TS NOT SUBSTANTIALLY SAME AS RESONANT FREQUENCY OF
`
`PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE; AND
`
`WHEREIN SECOND EFFICIENCY IS BASED ON RESONANT INDUCTIVE
`
`COUPLING OF FIRST COIL IN PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE WITH
`
`SECOND COIL IN CHARGING STATION THAT GENERATES NON-
`
`RADIATIVE MAGNETIC FIELD OSCILLATING AT SECOND
`
`FREQUENCY THAT IS SUBSTANTIALLY SAME AS RESONANT
`
`FREQUENCY OF PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`FIG. 18
`
`Ex.1012
`APPLE INC. / Page 23 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 22 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`1900 ;
`
`WIRELESSL Y RECEIVE MAGNITUDE OF POWER
`
`...r 1902
`
`THAT IS GREATER THAN REFERENCE
`
`MAGNITUDE OF POWER FOR FIRST PERIOD OF
`
`TIME AT PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE FROM
`
`CHARGING STATION VIA WIRELESS POWER LINK
`
`HAVING FIRST TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY
`
`PROVIDE POWER PARAMETER TO CHARGING
`
`...r 1904
`
`1.
`
`STATION VIA WIRELESS COMMUNICATION LINK,
`
`POWER PARAMETER SPECIFYING REFERENCE
`
`MAGNITUDE OF POWER AS BEING REQUESTED
`
`BY PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`...r 1906
`
`.
`
`WIRELESSL Y RECEIVE MAGNITUDE OF POWER
`
`THAT IS SUBSTANTIALLY SAME AS REFERENCE
`
`MAGNITUDE OF POWER FOR SECOND PERIOD OF
`
`TIME AT PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE FROM
`
`CHARGING STATION VIA WIRELESS POWER LINK
`
`HAVING SECOND TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY
`
`THAT IS GREATER THAN FIRST TRANSMISSION
`
`EFFICIENCY IN RESPONSE TO PROVIDING POWER
`
`PARAMETER TO CHARGING STATION
`
`FIG. 19
`
`Ex.1012
`APPLE INC. / Page 24 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 23 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`2000
`
`/
`
`WIRELESSLY RECEIVE MAGNITUDE OF POWER AT PORTABLE V 2002
`ELECTRONIC DEVICE FOR FIRST PERIOD OF TIME FROM
`
`CHARGING STATION VIA WIRELESS POWER LINK HAVING
`
`FIRST TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY, MAGNITUDE OF POWER
`
`WIRELESSL Y RECENED FOR FIRST PERIOD OF TIME IS
`
`GREATER THAN MAGNITUDE OF POWER CONSUMED BY
`
`PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE FOR FIRST PERIOD OF TIME
`
`PROVIDE POWER PARAMETER THAT SPECIFIES MAGNITUDE OF v 2004
`POWER CONSUMED BY PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`DURING FIRST PERIOD OF TIME TO CHARGING STATION VIA
`
`WIRELESS COMMUNICATION LINK
`
`WIRELESSLY RECEIVE MAGNITUDE OF POWER AT PORTABLE v 2006
`ELECTRONIC DEVICE FOR SECOND PERIOD OF TIME FROM
`
`CHARGING STATION VIA WIRELESS POWER LINK HA VINO
`
`SECOND TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY THAT IS GREATER THAN
`
`FIRST TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY IN RESPONSE TO PROVIDING
`
`POWER PARAMETER TO CHARGING STATION, MAGNITUDE OF
`
`POWER WIRELESSLY RECEIVED FOR SECOND PERIOD OF TIME
`
`IS SUBSTANTIALLY SAME AS MAGNITUDE OF POWER
`
`CONSUMED BY PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE FOR SECOND
`
`PERIOD OF TIME
`
`FIG. 20
`
`Ex.1012
`APPLE INC. / Page 25 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 24 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`2100 ;
`
`WIRELESSLY RECEIVE MAGNITUDE OF POWER v 2102
`THAT IS GREATER THAN MAXIMUM SAFE
`
`POWER, WHICH PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`IS CAP ABLE OF CONSUMING WITHOUT
`
`SUBSTANTIAL RISK OF DAMAGING PORTABLE
`
`ELECTRONIC DEVICE, FOR FIRST PERIOD OF
`
`TIME AT PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE FROM
`
`CHARGING STATION VIA WIRELESS POWER LINK
`
`HAVING FIRST TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY
`
`,.
`PROVIDE POWER PARAMETER THAT SPECIFIES V 2104
`MAXIMUM SAFE POWER TO CHARGING STATION
`
`VIA WIRELESS COMMUNICATION LINK
`
`,,,
`WIRELESSLY RECEIVE MAGNITUDE OF POWER v 2106
`THAT IS NO GREATER THAN MAXIMUM SAFE
`
`POWER FOR SECOND PERIOD OF TIME AT
`
`PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE FROM
`
`CHARGING STATION VIA WIRELESS POWER LINK
`
`HAVING SECOND TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY
`
`THAT IS GREATER THAN FIRST TRANSMISSION
`
`EFFICIENCY IN RESPONSE TO PROVIDING POWER
`
`PARAMETER TO CHARGING STATION
`
`FIG. 21
`
`Ex.1012
`APPLE INC. / Page 26 of 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 23, 2013
`
`Sheet 25 of 25
`
`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`2200 ;
`
`PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`r2202
`
`WIRELESS POWER RECEIPT MODULE
`
`r2204
`
`PARAMETER MODULE
`
`FIG. 22
`
`Ex.1012
`APPLE INC. / Page 27 of 41
`
`

`

`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`1
`INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF WIRELESS
`POWER TRANSFER
`
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`
`This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent
`application Ser. No. 12/421,762, filed Apr. 10, 2009, which
`claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.
`61/150,554, filed Feb. 6, 2009, the entireties of which are
`incorporated by reference herein.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`1. Field of the Invention
`The invention generally relates to systems capable of trans(cid:173)
`mitting electrical power without wires.
`2. Background
`As used herein, the term wireless power transfer refers to a
`process by which electrical energy is transmitted from a
`power source to an electrical load without interconnecting
`wires. Wireless power transfer is useful for applications in
`which instantaneous or continuous energy transfer is needed,
`but for which providing a wired connection is inconvenient,
`hazardous, or impossible.
`It has been observed that while electromagnetic radiation
`(such as radio waves) is excellent for transmitting informa(cid:173)
`tion wirelessly, it is generally not suitable for transferring
`power wirelessly. For example, if power were transferred
`using onmidirectional electromagnetic waves, a vast majority 30
`of the power would end up being wasted in free space.
`Directed electromagnetic radiation such as lasers might be
`used to transfer power between a power source and a device,
`but this is not very practical and could even be dangerous.
`Such an approach would also require an uninterrupted line of 35
`sight between the power source and the device, as well as a
`sophisticated tracking mechanism when the device is mobile.
`For the foregoing reasons, conventional systems that trans-
`fer power wirelessly are typically based on the concept of
`electromagnetic induction rather than electromagnetic radia- 40
`tion. These systems include systems based on inductive cou(cid:173)
`pling and systems based on so-called "resonant inductive
`coupling."
`Inductive coupling refers to the transfer of energy from one
`circuit component to another through a shared electromag- 45
`netic field. In inductive coupling, a current running in an
`emitting coil induces another current in a receiving coil. The
`two coils are in close proximity, but do not touch.
`Inductive coupling has been used in a variety of systems,
`including but not limited to systems that wirelessly charge a 50
`battery in a portable electronic device. In such systems, the
`portable electronic device is placed in close proximity to a
`charging station. A first induction coil in the charging station
`is used to create an alternating electromagnetic field, and a
`second induction coil in the portable electronic device derives 55
`power from the electromagnetic field and converts it back into
`electrical current to charge the battery. Thus, in such systems,
`there is no need for direct electrical contact between the
`battery and the charging station.
`Some examples of various different types of charging sys- 60
`terns based on the principle of inductive coupling are
`described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,938,018 to Dahl, entitled "Induc(cid:173)
`tion Charging System," U.S. Pat. No. 4,873,677 to Sakamoto
`et al., entitled "Charging Apparatus for an Electronic Device,"
`U.S. Pat. No. 5,952,814 to Van Lerberghe, entitled "Induction 65
`Charging Apparatus and an Electronic Device," U.S. Pat. No.
`5,959,433 to Rohde, entitled "Universal Inductive Battery
`
`5
`
`2
`Charger System," and U.S. Pat. No. 7,042,196 to Ka-Lai et
`al., entitled "Contact-less Power Transfer," each of which is
`incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein.
`Examples of some conventional devices that include batteries
`that may be recharged via inductive coupling include the
`Braun Oral B Plak Control Power Toothbrush, the Panasonic
`Digital Cordless Phone Solution KX-PH15AL and the Pana(cid:173)
`sonic multi-head men's shavers ES70/40 series.
`Another example of a technology that supports the use of
`10 inductive coupling to wirelessly transfer power is called Near
`Field Communication (NFC). NFC is a short-range high fre(cid:173)
`quency wireless communication technology that enables the
`exchange of data between devices over approximately a deci-
`15 meter distance. NFC is an extension of the ISO/IEC 14443
`proximity-card standard that combines the interface of a
`smartcard and a reader into a single device. An NFC device
`can communicate with both existing ISO/IEC 14443 smart(cid:173)
`cards and readers, as well as with other NFC devices, and is
`20 thereby compatible with existing contactless infrastructure
`already in use for public transportation and payment. The air
`interface for NFC is described in ISO/IEC 18092/ECMA-
`340: Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol-I
`(NFCIP-1) and ISO/IEC 21481/ECMA-352: Near Field
`25 Communication Interface and Protocol-2 (NFCIP-2), which
`are incorporated by reference herein.
`NFC devices communicate via magnetic field induction,
`wherein two loop antennas are located within each other's
`near field, effectively forming an air-core transformer. In a
`passive communication mode, an initiator device provides a
`carrier field and a target device answers by modulating the
`existing field. In this mode, the target device may draw its
`operating power from the initiator-provided electromagnetic
`field.
`"Resonant inductive coupling" refers to a more recently(cid:173)
`publicized type of inductive coupling that utilizes magneti(cid:173)
`cally-coupled resonators for wirelessly transferring power. In
`a system that uses resonant inductive coupling, a first coil
`attached to a sending unit generates a non-radiative magnetic
`field oscillating at megahertz (MHz) frequencies. The non(cid:173)
`radiative field mediates a power exchange with a second coil
`attached to a receiving unit, which is specially designed to
`resonate with the field. The resonant nature of the process
`facilitates a strong interaction between the sending unit and
`the receiving unit, while the interaction with the rest of the
`environment is weak. Power that is not picked up by the
`receiving unit remains bound to the vicinity of the sending
`unit, instead of being radiated into the environment and lost.
`Resonant inductive coupling is said to enable relatively
`efficient wireless power transfer over distances that are a few
`times the size of the device to be powered, therefore exceed(cid:173)
`ing the performance of systems based on non-resonant induc(cid:173)
`tive coupling. An example of a wireless power transfer system
`based on resonant inductive coupling is described in U.S.
`Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0222542 to Joan(cid:173)
`nopoulos et al., entitled "Wireless Non-radiative Energy
`Transfer," which is incorporated by reference herein.
`Given the explosive growth in the use of portable electronic
`devices such as laptop computers, cellular telephones, and
`portable media devices, it is anticipated that there will be a
`strong demand for systems that facilitate the wireless recharg-
`ing of power sources based on various types of near field
`inductive coupling such as those described above. Indeed, it
`may be deemed desirable to make such systems available in
`public spaces such as airports or in commercial establish(cid:173)
`ments such as restaurants or hotels to allow users to recharge
`their portable electronic devices while away from home.
`
`Ex.1012
`APPLE INC. / Page 28 of 41
`
`

`

`US 8,427,100 B2
`
`3
`Such wireless transfer of power in public or commercial
`environments may be made available to users for a fee. How(cid:173)
`ever, in order to achieve this, the wireless power transfer
`system must provide a secure and efficient way of obtaining
`requisite payment information from a user prior to perform-
`ing the wireless power transfer. Still further, to accommodate
`wireless recharging of a variety of device types and states, the
`desired system should be able to receive parameters and/or
`state information associated with a portable electronic device
`to be recharged and to control the wireless power transfer in 10
`accordance with such parameters and/or state information.
`Unfortunately, none of the foregoing systems based on
`inductive coupling or resonant inductive coupling provide
`such features. For example, although NFC devices may use
`magnetic field induction to wirelessly transfer power as well 15
`as payment information and other types of data, it does not
`appear that such NFC devices are designed to use the wire(cid:173)
`lessly transferred power to recharge a power source associ(cid:173)
`ated with a portable electronic device. Furthermore, it does
`not appear that such devices control the wireless power trans- 20
`fer based on parameters and/or state information received
`from the portable electronic device having a power source to
`be recharged. Moreover, conventional techniques for trans(cid:173)
`ferring power wirelessly do not allow for feedback to increase
`efficiency of the wireless power transfer.
`
`5
`
`4
`described herein in which a wireless communication link
`between a portable electronic device and a charging station is
`unidirectional.
`FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a wireless power transfer
`system
`in accordance with an alternate embodiment
`described herein in which a charging station includes a plu(cid:173)
`rality of different communication link transceivers to facili(cid:173)
`tate the establishment of wireless communication links with a
`plurality of different types of portable electronic devices.
`FIG. 9 depicts a flowchart of a method for increasing effi(cid:173)
`ciency of wireless power transfer in accordance with an
`embodiment described herein.
`FIGS. 10, 12, 14, and 16 are block diagrams of example
`implementations of a charging station in accordance with
`embodiments described herein.
`FIGS. llA-llD depict respective portions of a flowchart of
`a method for increasing efficiency of wireless power transfer
`in accordance with an embodiment described herein.
`FIGS. 13, 15, and 17-21 depict flowcharts of methods for
`increasing efficiency of wireless power transfer in accordance
`with embodiments described herein.
`FIG. 22 is a block diagram of an example implementation
`of a portable electronic device in accordance with an embodi-
`25 ment described herein.
`The features and advantages of the disclosed technologies
`will become more apparent from the detailed description set
`forth below when taken in conjunction with the drawings, in
`which like reference characters identify corresponding ele-
`30 ments throughout. In the drawings, like reference numbers
`generally indicate identical, functionally similar, and/or
`structurally similar elements. The drawing in which an ele(cid:173)
`ment first appears is indicated by the leftmost digit(s) in the
`corresponding reference number.
`
`BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`A system and/or method for increasing efficiency of wire(cid:173)
`less power transfer, substantially as shown in and/or
`described in connection with at least one of the figures, as set
`forth more completely in the claims.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE
`DRAWINGS/FIGURES
`
`35
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
`
`I. Introduction
`
`The accompanying dra