Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth
`Edition
`by Microsoft Corporation
`ISBN:0735614954
`Microsoft Press © 2002 (637 pages)
`This dictionary defines 10,000 terms
`and acronyms pertaining to all areas
`of computing, including hardware,
`networks, programming,
`applications, and databases.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
`
`1
`
`IPR2022-00093 - LGE
`Ex. 1016 - Page 1
`
`

`

`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
`Table of Contents
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth
`Edition
`Introduction
`Numbers and Symbols - $0.02 - Å
`A - Å - axis
`B - b - bytes per inch
`C - C - Cycolor
`D - DA - dynamic Web page
`E - e - e-zine or ezine
`F - F - FYI
`G - G - gzip
`H - H - Hz
`I - I2 L - i-way
`J - J2EE - JVM
`K - K - KWIC
`L - L1 cache - LZW compression
`
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
`
`2
`
`IPR2022-00093 - LGE
`Ex. 1016 - Page 2
`
`

`

`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
`M - m - my two cents
`N - n - nybble
`O - OAGI - Oz
`P - p - Python
`Q - QAM - QWERTY keyboard
`R - R&D - RZ
`S - S-100 bus - System V
`T - T - typosquatter
`U - u- - uupc
`V - V.120 - VxD
`W - w3 - WYSIWYG
`X - X10 - x-y-z coordinate system
`Y - Y2K - YYYY
`Z - .z - ZV port
`Appendix A - Common Character
`Sets
`Appendix B - Common File
`Extensions
`
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
`
`3
`
`IPR2022-00093 - LGE
`Ex. 1016 - Page 3
`
`

`

`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
`Appendix C - Instant Messaging
`Emoticons and Acronyms
`Appendix D - Internet Domains
`Appendix E - Numeric Equivalents
`List of Tables
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
`
`4
`
`IPR2022-00093 - LGE
`Ex. 1016 - Page 4
`
`

`

`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth
`Edition
`
`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`Copyright © 2002 by Microsoft Corporation
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any
`form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary.—5th ed.
`p. cm.
`ISBN 0-7356-1495-4
`1. Computers—Dictionaries. 2. Microcomputers—Dictionaries.
`AQ76.5. M52267 2002
`004'.03--dc21 200219714
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 QWT 7 6 5 4 3 2
`Distributed in Canada by H.B. Fenn and Company Ltd.
`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further
`information about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact
`Microsoft Press International directly at fax (425) 936-7329. Visit our Web site at
`www.microsoft.com/mspress. Send comments to mspinput@microsoft.com.
`Active Desktop, Active Directory, ActiveMovie, ActiveStore, ActiveSync, ActiveX, Authenticode,
`BackOffice, BizTalk, ClearType, Direct3D, DirectAnimation, DirectDraw, DirectInput, DirectMusic,
`DirectPlay, DirectShow, DirectSound, DirectX, Entourage, FoxPro, FrontPage, Hotmail, IntelliEye,
`IntelliMouse, IntelliSense, JScript, MapPoint, Microsoft, Microsoft Press, Mobile Explorer, MS-
`DOS, MSN, Music Central, NetMeeting, Outlook, PhotoDraw, PowerPoint, SharePoint,
`UltimateTV, Visio, Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual FoxPro, Visual InterDev, Visual J++, Visual
`SourceSafe, Visual Studio, Win32, Win32s, Windows, Windows Media, Windows NT, Xbox are
`either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or
`other countries. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of
`their respective owners.
`The example companies, organizations, products, domain names, e-mail addresses, logos,
`people, places, and events depicted herein are fictitious. No association with any real company,
`organization, product, domain name, e-mail address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or
`should be inferred.
`Acquisitions Editor: Alex Blanton
`Project Editor: Sandra Haynes
`Body Part No. X08-41929
`Contributors
`Peter Aiken
`Bart Arenson
`Janice Borzendowski
`Jerome Colburn
`Duane Hanson
`Andrew Himes
`Robert Howecton
`Annette B. Jackson
`Larry S. Jackson
`Thomas A. Jackson
`
`Thomas P. Magliery
`David Mason
`Terrence M. McLaren
`Wallace Parker
`Charles Petzold
`Phil Rose
`John Ross
`David Rygmyr
`Aimée Truchard
`Michael Vose
`
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
`
`5
`
`IPR2022-00093 - LGE
`Ex. 1016 - Page 5
`
`

`

`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
`Rob Nance
`Joel Panchot
`
`
`Bruce Webster
`Judson D. Weeks
`Tom Winn
`JoAnne Woodcock
`
`
`Chris Kinata
`Ilana Kingsley
`Robin Lombard
`Thomas A. Long
`William G. Madison
`Illustrators
`Travis Beaven
`David Holter
`Alton Lawson
`Colophon
`The manuscript for the new terms in this book was prepared using Microsoft Word 2002. The
`terms from the previous edition were edited in SoftQuad XMetal 2.1. The majority of the pages
`were composed using Adobe FrameMaker+SGML 6.0, with text type in Times and display type in
`ITC Franklin Gothic. Some of the pages were composed using Adobe PageMaker 6.52 for
`Windows. Composed pages were sent to the printer as electronic prepress files.
`Cover Graphic Designer
`Pam McFetridge
`Interior Graphic Designer
`James Kramer
`Principal Graphic Artist
`Rob Nance
`Principal Copy Editors
`Sandi Resnick
`Holly Viola
`Compositors
`Barbara Norfleet, Principal Compositor/XML Production Specialist
`Kerri DeVault
`Carl Diltz
`Paula Gorelick
`Technical Editing, Proofreading, and XML Authoring and Validation Services
`WASSER Studios
`XML Program Manager
`Prescott Klassen
`
`Introduction
`Overview
`The Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition is designed to be a comprehensive and
`authoritative source of definitions for computer-related terms and abbreviations. The dictionary
`includes terms drawn from a wide variety of topics relevant to computer users, including software,
`hardware, networking, data storage, graphics, games, information processing, the Internet and
`the World Wide Web, gaming, history, jargon and slang, organizations, programming, and
`standards.
`Although this book covers nearly every aspect of computing, it does not include entries on most
`companies or on most makes and models of computers, nor does it contain entries on most
`application software products. The few exceptions to this rule of thumb are key companies and
`products that have a historical or universal importance within the computing industry.
`This dictionary emphasizes terminology that the average computer user will encounter in
`documentation, online help, computer manuals, marketing and sales materials, the popular
`media, and the computer trade press. Because most computer users operate personal computers
`and desktop systems at home, work, or both, the majority of the entries in this dictionary cover
`the terminology used in describing and working with these systems. However, some specialized
`or highly technical language is included that pertains to areas of industry, academia, software and
`
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
`
`6
`
`IPR2022-00093 - LGE
`Ex. 1016 - Page 6
`
`

`

`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
`hardware development, and research. These terms have been included because they have a
`bearing on more common computer terminology or because they are of historical significance.
`Changes in the Fifth Edition
`The fifth edition of the Microsoft Computer Dictionary has been revised and expanded to include
`over 10,000 entries, reflecting the many advances in the computer field and including several
`areas that have come into prominence in the public eye, such as networking, Web authoring, and
`new technologies, such as .NET. The content from the Year 2000 appendix has been integrated
`into the body of the dictionary and a new appendix on emoticons and instant messaging symbols
`has been added.
`Order of Presentation
`Entries are alphabetized by letter. Spaces are ignored, as are characters such as hyphens and
`slashes; for example, Baudot code falls between baud and baud rate, and machine-independent
`falls between machine identification and machine instruction. Numbers and symbols are located
`at the beginning of the book and are listed in ascending ASCII order. If an entry begins with a
`letter or letters but contains a number, it is listed alphabetically, according to the initial letter(s),
`and then according to ASCII order. Thus, V20 precedes V.2x, and both precede VAB.
`Entries
`Entries are of two types: main entries, which contain full definitions, and synonymous cross-
`references, which contain See references to the appropriate main entries. Synonymous cross-
`references are generally secondary or less common ways of referring to a main entry. The
`definition at the main entry can be substituted as a definition for the synonymous cross-reference.
`Format
`Information in each main entry is presented in a consistent format: entry name in boldface,
`spelling variants (if any), part of speech, definition, illustration or table reference (if any), acronym
`(if any), alternative names (if any), and cross-references (if any).
`Main Entries
`Entries that are acronyms or abbreviations for one or more words or concatenations of two or
`more words have those words spelled out at the beginning of the definition. The letters in these
`words or phrases that make up the acronym, abbreviation, or concatenation are in boldface.
`When a main entry is spelled exactly the same as another main entry, the two entries are
`differentiated by the use of a superscript numeral after each term. These entries are called
`homographs, and they are generally different parts of speech. For example,
`e-mail1 (noun)
`e-mail2 (verb)
`Spelling Variants
`When a main entry has one or more variations in the way it is spelled, each spelling variant
`follows the main entry, after the word or.
`Parts of Speech
`Entries are broken down into four parts of speech, in addition to prefixes, abbreviated as follows:
`n. noun
`vb. verb
`adj. adjective
`adv. adverb
`
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
`
`7
`
`IPR2022-00093 - LGE
`Ex. 1016 - Page 7
`
`

`

`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
`Definitions
`Each of the more than 10,000 entries is written in clear, standard English. Many go beyond a
`simple definition to provide additional detail and to put the term in context for a typical computer
`user. When an entry has more than one sense or definition, the definitions are presented in a
`numbered list, to make it easier to distinguish the particular, sometimes subtle, variations in
`meaning.
`Illustration and Table References
`Some entries have affiliated illustrations or tables that aid in defining the entry. In most cases,
`illustrations and tables appear on the same page as the entries to which they apply. In some
`instances, however, page layout requirements have forced them to a subsequent page. Entries
`with illustrations or tables usually have references at the end of the definition for an entry, in the
`following formats:
`See the illustration.
`See the table.
`Acronyms
`Some terminology in the computer field, particularly computer standards and Internet slang, can
`be shortened to form acronyms. Sometimes the acronym is the more common way to refer to the
`concept or object; in these cases, the acronym is the main entry. In other cases, the acronym is
`not as commonly used as the words or phrase for which it stands. In these cases, the words or
`phrase constitute the main entry. The acronym is given after the definition for these entries in the
`following format:
`Acronym:
`Alternative Names
`Some items or concepts in the computer field can be referred to by more than one name.
`Generally, though, one way is preferred. The preferred terminology is the main entry. Alternative
`names are listed after any acronyms; otherwise they are listed after the definition in the following
`format:
`Also called:
`Cross-References
`Cross-references are of three types: See, See also, and Compare. A See reference is used in an
`entry that is a synonymous cross-reference and simply points to another entry that contains the
`information sought. A See also reference points to one or more entries that contain additional or
`supplemental information about a topic and follows any acronyms or alternative names after the
`definition. A Compare reference points to an entry or entries that offer contrast and follows any
`See also references; otherwise it follows any acronyms or alternative names after the definition.
`Future Printings and Editions
`Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy and completeness of this book. If you find an
`error, think that an entry does not contain enough information, or seek an entry that does not
`appear in this edition, please let us know. Address your letter to: Dictionary Editor, Microsoft
`Press, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052-6399. Or send e-mail to .
`
`Numbers and Symbols: $0.02 - Å
`
`$0.02
`n. See my two cents.
`
` &
`
`
`
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
`
`8
`
`IPR2022-00093 - LGE
`Ex. 1016 - Page 8
`
`

`

`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
`n. 1. UNIX command suffix for running the preceding command as a background process. See
`also background1. 2. In UNIX, a root user command suffix for starting a daemon that is to remain
`running after logout. See also daemon. 3. The default character used to designate a character
`entity (special character) in an HTML or SGML document. See also HTML, SGML. 4. In
`spreadsheet programs, an operator for inserting text into a formula specifying the relationship
`between cells.
`
` *
`
`
`n. 1. A character used in applications and programming languages to signify multiplication. 2. In
`Windows, MS-DOS, OS/2, and other operating systems, a wildcard character that can be used in
`place of one or more characters, as in *.*, which represents any combination of a filename and an
`extension. See also ?, *.*, wildcard character. 3. In the C and C++ programming languages, the
`character used to dereference a pointer to a class or structure. See also dereference, pointer
`(definition 1).
`
`*.*
`n. A file specification using the asterisk (star) wildcard, which means any combination of filename
`and extension in operating systems such as MS-DOS. See also asterisk (definition 2), wildcard
`character.
`
`..
`n. MS-DOS and UNIX syntax for the parent directory. A single dot refers to the current directory.
`
` /
`
`
`n. 1. A character used to separate parts of a directory path in UNIX and FTP or parts of an
`Internet address (URL) in Web browsers. 2. A character used to flag switches or parameters that
`control the execution of a program invoked through a command-line interface. See also
`command-line interface.
`
`//
`n. Notation used with a colon to separate the URL protocol (such as http or ftp) from the URL host
`machine name, as in http://www.yahoo.com. See also URL.
`
` :
`
`
`n. Colon, a symbol used after the protocol name (such as http or ftp) in a URL. See also URL.
`
`<>
`n. 1. Angle brackets, a pair of symbols used to enclose a keyword, comprising a tag in an HTML,
`SGML, or XML document. See also HTML, SGML, XML. 2. In an Internet Relay Chat (IRC) or
`multiuser dungeon (MUD), a set of symbols used to designate some action or reaction, as in
`<chuckle>. See also emotag, IRC, MUD. 3. A pair of symbols used to enclose a return address in
`an e-mail header.
`
` >
`
` ?
`
`
`n. 1. Right angle bracket, a symbol used in some operating systems, such as MS-DOS and UNIX,
`to direct the output resulting from some command into a file. 2. A symbol commonly used in e-
`mail messages to designate text included from another message.
`
`
`n. In some operating systems and applications, a wildcard character often used to represent any
`other single character. The question mark is one of two wildcard characters supported by the MS-
`DOS, Windows NT, and OS/2 operating systems. See also *.
`
` @
`
`
`n. The separator between account names and domain names in Internet e-mail addresses. When
`spoken, @ is read as “at.” Therefore, user@host.com would be read as “user at host dot com.”
`
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
`
`9
`
`IPR2022-00093 - LGE
`Ex. 1016 - Page 9
`
`

`

`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
` \
`
` 0
`
`
`n. Back slash, a character used to separate directory names in MS-DOS and UNIX path
`specifications. When used as a leading character, it means that the path specification begins from
`the topmost level for that disk drive. See also path (definition 5).
`
`0.07-micron
`n. A manufacturing technology with which 400 million transistors, with an effective channel length
`1000 times thinner than a human hair, can be placed on a single chip. The extremely small sizes
`and faster speeds of 0.07-micron products can be used to create improved-performance
`microprocessors that may extend clock speeds beyond 10 GHz. Possible applications of 0.07-
`micron technology range from tiny hearing aids that can be implanted in the ear to hard disk
`drives that read gigabits of data per second.
`
` wait state
`n. See zero wait state.
`
`100Base-FX
`n. An Ethernet standard for baseband LANs (local area networks) using fiber optic cable carrying
`100 Mbps (megabits per second). Also called: Fast Ethernet. See also Ethernet (definition 1).
`
`100Base-T
`n. An Ethernet standard for baseband LANs (local area networks) using twisted-pair cable
`carrying 100 Mbps (megabits per second). The 100Base-T standard is comprised of 100Base-T4
`(four pairs of medium-grade to high-grade twisted-pair cable) and 100Base-TX (two pairs of high-
`grade twisted-pair cable). Also called: Fast Ethernet. See also Ethernet (definition 1).
`
`100Base-T4
`n. See 100Base-T.
`
`100Base-TX
`n. See 100Base-T.
`
`100Base-VG
`n. An Ethernet standard for baseband LANs (local area networks) using voice-grade twisted-pair
`cable carrying 100 Mbps (megabits per second). Unlike other Ethernet networks, 100Base-VG
`relies on an access method called demand priority, in which nodes send requests to hubs, which
`in turn give permission to transmit based on the priority levels included with the requests. Also
`called: 100Base-VG-AnyLAN. See also Ethernet (definition 1).
`
`100Base-VG-AnyLAN
`n. See 100Base-VG.
`
`100Base-X
`n. Descriptor used for any of three forms of 100 Mbps Ethernet networks: 100Base-T4, 100Base-
`TX, or 100Base-FX. Also called: Fast Ethernet. See also 100Base-T, 100Base-FX, Ethernet
`(definition 1).
`
`101-key keyboard
`n. A computer keyboard modeled after the enhanced keyboard; introduced by IBM for the IBM
`PC/AT. The 101-key keyboard and the enhanced keyboard are similar in the number and function
`of their keys; they may differ in the way the keys are laid out, the amount of tactile feedback
`expressed when a key is pressed, and the shape and feel of the keycaps. See also enhanced
`keyboard.
`
`1024x768
`
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
`
`10
`
`IPR2022-00093 - LGE
`Ex. 1016 - Page 10
`
`

`

`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
`n. A standard super VGA computer display having a resolution of 1024 columns of pixels by 768
`rows of pixels. See also SVGA.
`
`10Base2
`n. The Ethernet and IEEE 802.3 standard for baseband LANs (local area networks) using a thin
`coaxial cable (3/16 inch) up to 200 meters long and carrying 10 Mbps (megabits per second) in a
`bus topology. A network node is connected to the cable by a BNC connector on the adapter card.
`Also called: Cheapernet, thin Ethernet, ThinNet, ThinWire. See also BNC connector, bus
`network, coaxial cable, Ethernet (definition 1), IEEE 802.x.
`
`10Base5
`n. The Ethernet and IEEE 802.3 standard for baseband LANs (local area networks) using a thick
`coaxial cable (3/8 inch) up to 500 meters long and carrying 10 Mbps (megabits per second) in a
`bus topology. A network node is equipped with a transceiver that plugs into a 15-pin AUI
`connector on the adapter card and taps into the cable. This form of Ethernet is generally used for
`network backbones. Also called: thick Ethernet, ThickNet, ThickWire. See also coaxial cable,
`Ethernet (definition 1), IEEE 802.x.
`
`10Base-F
`n. The Ethernet standard for baseband LANs (local area networks) using fiber-optic cable
`carrying 10 Mbps (megabits per second) in a star topology. All nodes are connected to a repeater
`or to a central concentrator. A node is equipped with a fiber-optic transceiver that plugs into an
`AUI connector on the adapter card and attaches to the cable with an ST or SMA fiber-optic
`connector. The 10Base-F standard comprises 10Base-FB for a backbone, 10Base-FL for the link
`between the central concentrator and a station, and 10Base-FP for a star network. See also
`Ethernet (definition 1), fiber optics, star network.
`
`10Base-FB
`n. See 10Base-F.
`
`10Base-FL
`n. See 10Base-F.
`
`10Base-FP
`n. See 10Base-F.
`
`10Base-T
`n. The Ethernet standard for baseband LANs (local area networks) using twisted-pair cable
`carrying 10 Mbps (megabits per second) in a star topology. All nodes are connected to a central
`hub known as a multiport repeater. See also Ethernet (definition 1), star network, twisted-pair
`cable.
`
`12-hour clock
`n. A clock that expresses the time within a 12-hour range, returning to 1:00 after 12:59 AM or PM.
`Compare 24-hour clock.
`
`1.2M
`adj. Short for 1.2-megabyte. Refers to the storage capacity for high-density 5.25-inch floppy
`disks.
`
`1394
`n. See IEEE 1394.
`
`14.4
`n. A modem with a maximum data transfer rate of 14.4 Kbps (kilobits per second).
`
`
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
`
`11
`
`IPR2022-00093 - LGE
`Ex. 1016 - Page 11
`
`

`

`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
`1.44M
`adj. Short for 1.44-megabyte. Refers to the storage capacity for high-density 3.5-inch floppy
`disks.
`
`16-bit
`adj. See 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit, 64-bit.
`
`16-bit application
`n. An application written to run on a computer with a 16-bit architecture or operating system, such
`as MS-DOS or Windows 3.x.
`
`16-bit color
`adj. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a display that can produce 216 (65,536) distinct colors.
`Compare 24-bit color, 32-bit color.
`
`16-bit machine
`n. A computer that works with data in groups of 16 bits at a time. A computer may be considered
`a 16-bit machine either because its microprocessor operates internally on 16-bit words or
`because its data bus can transfer 16 bits at a time. The IBM PC/AT and similar models based on
`the Intel 80286 microprocessor are 16-bit machines in terms of both the word size of the
`microprocessor and the size of the data bus. The Apple Macintosh Plus and Macintosh SE use a
`microprocessor with a 32-bit word length (the Motorola 68000), but they have 16-bit data buses
`and are generally considered 16-bit machines.
`
`16-bit operating system
`n. An operating system, now outdated, that can work with 2 bytes, or 16 bits, of information at one
`time. A 16-bit operating system, such as MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows 3.x, reflects the
`functionality of a 16-bit processor because the software and the chip must work together so
`closely. The main advantage of a 16-bit operating system over its earlier 8-bit predecessors (such
`as CP/M-80) was its ability to address more memory and use a larger (16-bit) bus. Sixteen-bit
`operating systems have since been eclipsed by 32-bit operating systems—such as the Macintosh
`operating system, Microsoft Windows NT, and Windows 9x—and by 64-bit operating systems,
`such as some versions of UNIX. See also 32-bit operating system.
`
`/16 network
`n. IP address class B. This class has 16,382 networks available and more than sixty-five
`thousand hosts available. See also host, IP address classes, network.
`
`1999 problem
`n. 1. A variation on the Year 2000 problem in computer systems that have two-digit years in date
`fields and are used by companies and organizations in which the fiscal year 2000 begins before
`the end of calendar year 1999. These computer systems may interpret the fiscal year as the year
`1900. 2. A potential problem, if not corrected, with date fields in older code that were (sometimes)
`used to hold values with special meaning. For example, the date 9/9/99 was often used as an
`expiration date meaning “keep this information forever” or, worse, “destroy this document
`immediately.”
`
`1NF
`n. Short for first normal form. See normal form (definition 1).
`
`2000 time problem
`n. See Year 2000 problem.
`
`2038 limit
`n. A consideration in some PCs that use a signed 32-bit integer to represent date and time.
`Because such systems determine date and time as the number of seconds elapsed since
`
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
`
`12
`
`IPR2022-00093 - LGE
`Ex. 1016 - Page 12
`
`

`

`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
`midnight, January 1, 1970, they can handle a maximum of 231 seconds, a number that will be
`reached at 3:14:07 a.m. on January 19, 2038. When the elapsed seconds exceed that maximum
`value, the clock will overflow, resulting in an incorrect date and time and, potentially, causing
`disruptions. Some organizations have defined Year 2000 compliant to mean a system that will
`have the correct date/time and do proper date handling up through the year 2038, although this is
`not universal. The extent of the potential problem, of course, is directly related to the number of
`such system solutions still in operation at the time. See also Year 2000 compliant.
`
`24-bit color
`n. RGB color in which the level of each of the three primary colors in a pixel is represented by 8
`bits of information. A 24-bit color image can contain over 16 million different colors. Not all
`computer monitors support 24-bit color, especially older models. Those that do not may use 8-bit
`color (256 colors) or 16-bit color (65,536 colors). Also called: true color. See also bit depth, pixel,
`RGB. Compare 16-bit color, 32-bit color.
`
`24-hour clock
`n. A clock that expresses the time within a 24-hour range, from 0000 (midnight) to 2359 (one
`minute before the following midnight). Compare 12-hour clock.
`
`2.4 kernel
`n. Update of the core of the Linux OS, released at the end of 2000. Features in the 2.4 kernel
`emphasize support for new buses, devices, and controllers; increased USB support; improved
`Web server performance; and increased symmetrical multiprocessing scalability.
`
`/24 network
`n. IP address class A. This class has more than two million networks available and 254 hosts
`available. See also host, IP address classes, network.
`
`256-bit
`adj. Having a data path that is 256 bits wide.
`
`286
`n. See 80286.
`
`287
`n. See 80287.
`
`28.8
`n. A modem with a maximum data transfer rate of 28.8 Kbps (kilobits per second).
`
`2-digit year
`n. The capacity for storing only the last two digits of the year in a date. In such systems, the
`century for the date is not stored. See also two-digit date storage.
`
`2G
`n. Acronym for 2nd Generation. The second generation of digital wireless technology, as defined
`by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). Second generation technology delivers
`data transmission at speeds from 9.6 Kbps (kilobits per second) to 19.2 Kbps. Second generation
`technology provides greater data transmission capabilities and more efficient voice transmission
`than the analog technology first developed for wireless telecommunications.
`
`2NF
`n. Short for second normal form. See normal form (definition 1).
`
`2-nines availability
`n. See two-nines availability.
`
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
`
`13
`
`IPR2022-00093 - LGE
`Ex. 1016 - Page 13
`
`

`

`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
`
`2.PAK
`n. An artificial intelligence programming language.
`
`32-bit
`adj. See 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit, 64-bit.
`
`32-bit application
`n. An application written to run on a computer with a 32-bit architecture or operating system, such
`as Mac OS or Windows 9x.
`
`32-bit clean
`adj. 1. Refers to Macintosh hardware designed to run in 32-bit mode, which can address up to 1
`gigabyte of physical RAM under System 7. This includes all present Macintosh computers; some
`older models used 16-bit addressing. 2. Refers to software written for 32-bit operation.
`
`32-bit color
`n. RGB color that is similar to 24-bit color, with 8 additional bits used to allow for faster transfer of
`an image's color. See also bit depth, RGB. Compare 16-bit color, 24-bit color.
`
`32-bit driver
`n. A software subsystem that controls either a hardware device (device driver) or another
`software subsystem. The 32-bit versions of this software take full advantage of the instruction
`sets of the 486 and Pentium processors for improved speed. See also driver, instruction set.
`
`32-bit machine
`n. A computer that works with data in groups of 32 bits at a time. The Apple Macintosh II and
`higher models are 32-bit machines, in terms of both the word size of their microprocessors and
`the size of the data buses, as are computers based on the Intel 80386 and higher-level
`microprocessors.
`
`32-bit operating system
`n. An operating system in which 4 bytes, or 32 bits, can be processed at one time. Windows 95,
`Windows 98, Windows NT, Linux, and OS/2 are examples. See also instruction set, protected
`mode.
`
`33.6
`n. A modem with a maximum data transfer rate of 33.3 Kbps (kilobits per second).
`
`34010, 34020
`n. Graphics coprocessors from Texas Instruments (TI), used mainly in high-end PC graphics
`boards, which have become a de facto standard for programmable graphics processors. Although
`both chips use 32-bit registers, the 34010 uses a 16-bit data bus and the 34020 uses a 32-bit
`bus. The 34020 is compatible with the earlier 34010, and both chips work with TIGA (Texas
`Instruments Graphical Architecture), a TI standard that allows a single application driver to be
`used with all boards based on the standard. See also de facto standard, TIGA, video graphics
`board.
`
`3.5-inch floppy disk
`n. Used with the Macintosh and with IBM and compatible microcomputers. A microfloppy disk is a
`round piece of polyester film coated with ferric oxide and encased in a rigid plastic shell equipped
`with a sliding metal cover. On the Macintosh, a single-sided 3.5-inch floppy disk can hold 400
`kilobytes (KB); a double-sided (standard) disk can hold 800 KB; and a double-sided high-density
`disk can hold 1.44 megabytes (MB). On IBM and compatible machines, a microfloppy can hold
`either 720 KB or 1.44 MB of information. See also floppy disk.
`
`
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
`
`14
`
`IPR2022-00093 - LGE
`Ex. 1016 - Page 14
`
`

`

`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
`360K
`adj. Short for 360-kilobyte. The storage capacity for standard 5.25-inch floppy disks.
`
`.386
`n. A file extension for virtual device drivers under Windows 3.1. See also virtual device driver.
`
`386
`n. See 80386DX.
`
`386BSD
`n. A version of BSD UNIX, different from BSD386 from Berkeley Software Development, Inc.
`Freely distributable, 386BSD was released in 1992 and is available in two newer versions:
`NetBSD and FreeBSD. See also BSD UNIX, FreeBSD, NetBSD.
`
`386DX
`n. See 80386DX.
`
`386SL
`n. See 80386SL.
`
`386SX
`n. See 80386SX.
`
`387
`n. See 80387.
`
`387SX
`n. See 80387SX.
`
`3-D or 3D
`adj. 1. Short for three-dimensional. Of, pertaining to, or being an object or image having or
`appearing to have all three spatial dimensions (length, width, and depth). 2. Having the illusion of
`depth or varying distances, as in 3-D audio.
`
`3-D array
`n. See three-dimensional array.
`
`3-D audio
`n. Short for three-dimensional audio. Recorded as stereo sound, 3-D audio enables the listener to
`feel immersed in the sound and to determine its exact location (up, down, left, right, forward, or
`backward). This technology is commonly used in video games and virtual-reality systems, as well
`as in some Internet applications. Also called: 3-D sound, binaural sound.
`
`3-D graphic
`n. Any graphical image that depicts one or more objects in three dimensions—height, width, and
`depth. A 3-D graphic is rendered on a two-dimensional medium; the third dimension, depth, is
`indicated by means of perspective and by techniques such as shading or gradient use of color.
`
`3-D metafile
`n. A device-independent file for storing a 3-D display. See also metafile.
`
`3DMF
`n. See QuickDraw 3-D.
`
`3-D model
`n. See three-dimensional model.
`
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition
`
`
`15
`
`IPR2022-00093 - LGE
`Ex. 1016 - Page 15
`
`