(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY(PCT)
`(19) World Intellectual Property
`Organization
`International Bureau
`
`\SS
`
`WIPO!) PCT
`
`(81)
`
`(43) International Publication Date
`22 January 2015 (22.01.2015)
`
`GD)
`
`International Patent Classification:
`HO4W 76/02 (2009.01)
`
`(21)
`
`International Application Number:
`
`PCT/EP2014/065071
`
`(22)
`
`International Filing Date:
`
`(25)
`
`(26)
`
`(30)
`
`(7)
`
`(72)
`
`Filing Language:
`
`Publication Language:
`
`15 July 2014 (15.07.2014)
`
`English
`
`English
`
`Priority Data:
`13176452.4
`
`15 July 2013 (15.07.2013)
`
`EP
`
`Applicants: KONINKLIJKE KPN N.V. [NL/NL]; Maan-
`plein 55, NL-2516 CK The Hague (NL). NEDER-
`LANDSE
`ORGANISATIE
`VOOR
`TOEGE-
`PAST-NATUURWETENSCHAPPELIJK
`ON-
`DERZOEK TNO [NL/NL]; Schoemakerstraat 97, NL-
`2628 VK Delft (NL).
`
`Inventors: MANCEVSKA, Elena; Marian Gobiushof 4,
`NL-2272 TS Voorburg (NL). HIEP, Maurice; Hofcamp-
`weg 196, NL-2241 KK Wassenaar
`(NL). KIPS, An-
`nemieke; Hugo dc Vricsstraat 42, NL-2513 BZ Leiden
`(NL).
`
`(74)
`
`Agent: WUYTS, Koenraad; P.O. Box 95321, NL-2509
`CH The Hague (NL).
`
`(10) International Publication Number
`WO 2015/007699 Al
`
`Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every
`kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM,
`AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY,
`BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM,
`DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT,
`HIN, HR, HU,ID,IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR,
`KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME,
`MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI NO, NZ,
`OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA,
`SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM,
`TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, 2M,
`ZW.
`
`(84)
`
`Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every
`kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH,
`GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ,
`UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ,
`TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK,
`EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU,IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV,
`MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, SM,
`TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW,
`KM,ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG).
`Published:
`
`with international search report (Art. 21(3))
`
`(54) Title: METHOD AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS NODE FOR CONTROLLING AN ATTACII STATE OF A USER
`EQUIPMENT
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`Attach Control Node 10
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`Subscriber data system 11
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`A-— subscriber data containing 1st set
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`B — 2nd subscriber data set
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`Partial attach state
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`Full attach state
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`FIG. 4
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`
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`(57) Abstract: The invention relates to a method and tele-
`communications node for controlling an attach state of a
`user equipment in an attach control node of a telecommu-
`nications system further comprising a subscriber database
`containing subscription data of the user equipment. The
`method comprises receiving authentication data in the at-
`tach control node if an authentication step is required. Fol-
`lowing the authentication step, if any, receiving in a first
`transfer stage a first set of subscription data from the sub-
`scriber database and storing the first set of subscription data
`in the attach control node, wherein the first set of subscrip-
`tion data is insufficient for enabling establishing a commu-
`nication session between the user equipment andthe tele-
`communications system. If establishing a communication
`session is required between the user equipment and the
`telecommunications network, receiving in a second transfer
`stage following the first transfer stage a second set of sub-
`scription data from the subscriber database in the attach
`control node, and storing the second sct of subscription
`datain the attach control node, wherein the combination of
`the first sct of subscription data and the second sct of sub-
`scription data is sufficient for enabling establishing a com-
`munication session between the user equipment and the
`telecommunications network.
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`Method and telecommunications node for controlling an attach state of a user equipment
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`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
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`The disclosure relates to a method and a telecommunications node for transferring sub-
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`scription data in a telecommunications system. More specifically, the disclosure relates to controlling the
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`exchange subscription data in a system comprising a subscriber database and an attach control node to
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`which user equipment may connect.
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`BACKGROUND
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`Telecommunications networks that provide wireless access (e.g. GSM, UMTS, WiMax,
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`LTE) have developed tremendously over the past years.
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`In such networks, voice and data services can
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`be provided to user equipment having a high mobility, i.e. the communication devices are not bound to a
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`particular location and are freely movable through the area covered by the network. A gateway node of
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`the telecommunications network enables connection to a further network, for example a network based
`on IP such as the internet.
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`The availability of such a telecommunications network connected to the further network
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`has resulted in demands for further services, including services that relate to so-called machine-to-
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`machine (M2M) communications, also referred to as machine-type communications (MTC). The service
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`requirements for MTC are currently being standardized in 3GPP (see e.g. TS 22.368). MTC applications
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`typically involve hundreds, thousands or millions of user equipment (MTC devices) which each act as a
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`user equipmentto the telecommunication network. Such MTC devices maybestationary or non-
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`stationary. An exampleinvolvesthe electronic reading of e.g. ‘smart’ electricity meters at the homes of a
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`large customer base over the telecommunications network from a server connected to a further network.
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`Other examples include sensors, meters, vending or coffee machines, car meters for route pricing appli-
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`cations, navigation equipmentetc. that can be equipped with communication modules that allow
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`exchanging information with other equipment, such as a data processing centre over the telecommunica-
`tions network.
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`An important dimensioning parameterfor control plane nodesin the wireless telecommu-
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`nications networks is the number of simultaneously attached/registered user equipment.
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`Since MTCtypically involves a very large number of MTC devices that send/receive only
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`a low amountof user plane data, the use of control plane resources needed for these MTC devicesis
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`high comparedto the user plane data that is normally the basis for pricing. The absorbed capacity and
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`costs associated with large numbers of MTC devices are therefore high comparedto the actual use and
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`turnover. Solutions to mitigate the burden of keeping high amounts of MTC devices registered in the
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`network would be beneficial.
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`The issue of registering large numbers of MTC devices in the telecommunications net-
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`work has been recognized and discussed in various 3GPP working groups.
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`In a potential solution
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`described in 3GPP TR 23.888, an MTC device would not be registered in the telecommunications net-
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`work when it does not communicate. The MTC device will attach and connect to the network when trig-
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`gered from the network. The trigger involves enabling the MTC deviceto listen to a broadcast channel
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`(e.g. a cell broadcast channel) while not being attached to the network. Triggers to the MTC device to
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`establish communication are broadcasted over the broadcast channel. The MTC device(s) for which the
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`broadcasted message/triggeris intendedis (are) configured to recognize the message.
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`In this way, net-
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`work resources associated with registering a large number of MTC devicesin the network are saved.
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`However, non-registration of the MTC devices in the telecommunications network may be
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`disadvantageous in certain cases. For example, the transmission of a cell broadcast signal maybeineffi-
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`cient if only a limited number of MTC devices are distributed over a large number ofcells of the network
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`and broadcast resources are wasted in view of the limited number of MTC devicesto be triggered.
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`SUMMARY
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`In view of the above, it is desirable to provide an improved method and telecommunica-
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`tions node for transferring subscription data over a network that takes accountof the issues identified
`above.
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`To that end, a method for controlling an attach state of a user equipment in an attach
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`control node of a telecommunications system further comprising a subscriber database containing sub-
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`scription data of the user equipmentis disclosed. If an authentication step is required, the attach control
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`node receives authentication data.
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`If authentication is performed, the authentication data is normally
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`received from an authentication centre AuC or an AAAserver. Such an authentication centre or server
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`may be integrated with the subscriber database.
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`In a first transfer stage step following the authentication step, if any, a first set of subscrip-
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`tion data is received in the attach control node from the subscriber database. The first set of subscription
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`data is stored in the attach control node. However, the first set of subscription data is insufficient for ena-
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`bling establishing a communication session between the user equipment and the telecommunications
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`system. Thefirst transfer stage step may be triggered by receiving an attach request from the user
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`equipment at the attach control node.
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`Since the first set of subscription is insufficient for enabling establishing a communication
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`session between the user equipment and the telecommunications network, if establishing a communica-
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`30
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`tion session is required, at least one second set of subscription data is received from the subscriber
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`databasein the attach control node during a secondtransfer stage step. The second transfer stage step
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`is performedafter the first transfer stage step. The second set of subscription data is stored in the attach
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`control node. The combination of the first set of subscription data and the second set of subscription data
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`is sufficient for enabling establishing a communication session between the user equipmentand the tele-
`communications network.
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`Moreover, a computer program product implemented on a computer-readable non-
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`transitory storage medium is disclosed, the computer program product being configured for, when run on
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`a computer, executing the method steps disclosed herein.
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`Still further, a telecommunications node configured for use in a telecommunications sys-
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`tem comprising a subscriber database containing subscription data of a user equipmentis disclosed. The
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`telecommunications node is configured for receiving authentication data, if an authentication step is re-
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`quired, in the attach control node. The telecommunications node is also configured for, following the
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`authentication step, if any, a first set of subscription data from the subscriber databaseinafirst transfer
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`stage step and storing the first set of subscription data. The first set of subscription data is insufficient for
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`enabling establishing a communication session between the user equipment and the telecommunications
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`system. The attach control node may be configured toinitiate the first transfer stage step in response to
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`receiving an attach request from the user equipmentat the attach control node.
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`If establishing a communication session is required between the user equipment and the
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`telecommunications network, the telecommunications node is configured for receiving in a second trans-
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`fer stage, following the first transfer stage, at least one second set of subscription data from the
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`subscriber database and storing the second set of subscription data in the attach control node. The com-
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`bination of the first set of subscription data and the second set of subscription data is sufficient for
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`enabling establishing a communication session between the user equipment and the telecommunications
`network.
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`Finally, a user equipmentis disclosed that is configured for use with the telecommunica-
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`tions node as described in the previous paragraph. The user equipmentis configured for receiving and
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`processing at least one of a partial subscription data transfer indication indicative of storing only the first
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`set of subscription data in the telecommunications node and, if the user equipment is an LTE type user
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`equipment, a non-bearer establishmentindication indicative of omitting establishment of a default bearer
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`on a radio path between the LTE type user equipment and the telecommunications node prior to initiation
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`of the second stage being insufficient for enabling establishment.
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`It is noted that the first transfer stage and the second transfer stage for the subscription
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`data may be distinguished bydifferent transaction identifiers.
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`Byonly storing in the attach control node the first set of subscription data and omitting
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`storing at least part of the set of subscription data required for establishing a communication session, a
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`partial attach state is obtained for the user equipmentin the telecommunications network. The partial
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`attach state is defined by the contentofthe first set of subscription data. The storage ofthe first set of
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`subscriber data in the attach node provides information about the cells where the user devices are posi-
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`tioned, viz. those cells for which the particular attach node is responsible. However, since the first set of
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`subscriber data is not the complete set of subscriber data required for enabling the full attach of the user
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`equipmentto the telecommunications system, resources are savedin the attach control node. This dis-
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`closed solution provides for a good balance betweena better awarenessin the networkof the cell
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`location of the user equipment and the saving of resources in the attach node.
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`By defining the content of the first set of subscriber data, (other) benefits associated with
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`having the defined content of the first set of subscriber data available in the attach control node are ob-
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`tained. For example, the content of the first set of subscriber data may comprise a parameter known as
`
`the network access mode. The NAMis e.g. defined in 3GPP TS 23.008. The NAM definesif the sub-
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`scriber is registered to get access to the CS (non-GPRS/EPS network), to the PS (GPRS/EPS) network
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`or to both networks. The NAMis permanent subscriber data stored in the HSS/HLR. By storing the NAM
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`in the attach control node in response to the attach request,
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`the attach control node is informed to which
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`network the MTC device gets accessto.
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`Examples of subscription data fields of the second set include at least one of the fields
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`APN-OI Replacement, ODB for PS parameters, VPLMN LIPA Allowed Subscribed UE-AMBR and the
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`APN configurationslisted in 3GPP TS 23.060, V. 11.3.0 in table 5 of Clause 13.1. 3GPP TS 23.060 is for
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`2G/3G Packet Switched, the equivalent for LTE (HSS) is 3GPP TS 23.401, V.12.0.0 table 5.7.1-1.
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`Another advantageous effect of the disclosed method and telecommunications node is
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`that the network operator is in control whether or not to allow a communication session with the user
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`equipment. Only when the at least one second set of subscriber data is available at the attach control
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`node, a request by the user equipment for a communication session can be allowed. By informing the
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`user equipmentof the partial attach state, the user equipment may even beinstructed not to send such a
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`request during the partial attach state.
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`It should be appreciated that the first and the at least one second set of subscription data
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`may be predefined in advance or be selected upon transferring the subscription data to the attach control
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`node or storing the subscription data in the attach control node, e.g. depending on a condition.
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`The term subscriber data is used to designateall information associated with a subscrip-
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`tion which is required for service provisions, identification, routing, communication session handling,
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`GPRS mode transmission, charging, subscriber tracing, operation and maintenance purposes. Some
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`subscriber data are referred to as permanent subscriber data, i.e. they can only be changed by admin-
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`istration means. Other data are temporary subscriber data which may change as a result of normal
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`operation of the system.
`tach control node.
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`It is not necessary or required that all subscriber data are transferred to the at-
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`It should be appreciated that the communication session may be either a data session or
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`a session involving establishment of a voice channel.
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`It should also be appreciated that some subscription data, such as the IMSI of the user
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`equipment, that play a role in the attach control state, is also used during authentication. As disclosed, if
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`an authentication step is performed, subscription data present for authentication purposes in the attach
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`control node are not considered to be part of the first set of subscription data.
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`It should be appreciated that during the first transfer stage, all subscriber data may be
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`transmitted in that step from the subscription database to the attach control node. The attach control
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`node only stores thefirst set of subscriber data from the received subscriber data.
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`It should be appreciated that the second transfer stage not necessarily follows thefirst
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`transfer stage, i.e. the second set of subscriber data is not stored in the attach control node. The user
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`equipment may e.g. transmit a restricted set of data by other means, e.g. by using a short message ser-
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`vice or transmit a restricted set of data via the control plane.
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`The establishment of a communication session between the user equipment and the tel-
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`ecommunications session may comprise establishing a user data plane communication session, e.g. a
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`PDP context or an EPS bearer.
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`Finally, it should be appreciated that the term user equipmentin the present disclosure
`
`may include devices with or without SIM/UICC.
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`In an embodiment of the method and telecommunications node, alternatives for storing
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`the first set of subscription data in the attach control node are disclosed.
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`In one alternative, a request is transmitted from the attach control node to the subscriber
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`database, optionally in response to receiving an attach request from the user equipment at the attach
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`control node, and receiving only the first set of subscription data on the basis of a partial transfer indica-
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`tion associated with the user equipmentin the subscription database. In this embodiment, the control of
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`transmitting only first set of subscription data lies with the system containing the subscription database,
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`dependent on thesetting of the partial transfer indication.
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`In another alternative, a requestis transmitted from the attach control node to the sub-
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`scriber database, the request containing a partial transfer indication. The partial transfer indication may
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`originate from the attach control node, i.e. control of only transmitting the first set of subscriber data lies
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`with the attach control node. For example, if the attach control node determines thatit only has limited
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`resources available, it may decide to transmit the partial transfer indication to the subscriber database
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`system. In a variant, the attach control node receives an attach request from the user equipment, wherein
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`the attach request from the user equipmentalready contains a partial transfer indication. The attach con-
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`trol node mayeither forward the partial transfer indication originating from the user equipment or provide
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`for an alternative partial transfer indication in response to the partial transfer indication received from the
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`user equipment.
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`In this variant, the user equipment controls the transmission of only the first set of the
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`subscriber data as may e.g. be advantageous for a user equipment not requiring a communication ses-
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`sion any time soon. The attach control node may be configured to overrule the transfer indication of the
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`user equipment.
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`In one variant, a partial transfer indication may be received from the user equipment, but
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`the attach control node may decide that a full attach with all subscription data is desired or required.
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`In
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`another variant, the attach control node may receive a conventional attach request from the user equip-
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`mentbut decide to only allow a partial attach (for example because of limited available resources) and
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`thus transmit a request with a partial transfer indication to the subscriber database.
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`Yet anotheralternative comprises receiving a complete set of subscriber data from the
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`subscriber database and storing only a first set of subscriber data from the received subscriber data in
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`response to a partial attach state indication in the attach control node.
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`In this alternative, the decision to
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`store only thefirst set of subscriber data lies with the attach control node as well.
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`In another embodiment, the transfer of the at least one second set of subscription data is
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`stored in the attach control node as a result of fulfilment of a precondition.
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`In one alternative,
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`the second set of subscription data is stored in response to a data
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`availability indication in the telecommunications system indicating the availability of data for the user
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`equipment.
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`In this alternative, the at least one second set of subscription data is transmitted when data is
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`to be sent to the user equipment, so that the communication session relevant subscription data need to
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`be with the attach control node.
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`In another alternative, the second set of subscription data may be desired with the attach
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`control node in response to a resource availability indication received from the attach control node at the
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`subscription database indicating the availability of resources for containing the second set of subscription
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`data in the attach control node.
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`In this case, a communication session may be established more quickly.
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`In yet another alternative, the second set of subscription data may be stored with the at-
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`tach control node at a predefined time or within a predefined time interval. This case is advantageous if
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`information is available within the telecommunications system when a user equipment desires to establish
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`a connection with the telecommunications system. Such information may e.g. be available from a con-
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`tract between the operator of the telecommunications system and the operator of the user equipment. As
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`an example, such a contract may determine the time at which or the time interval during which the user
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`equipmentwill or is allowed to transmit data.
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`In an embodiment of the method and telecommunications node, the at least one second
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`set of subscription data from the combination of the first and second set of subscription data is deleted
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`after a precondition has beenfulfilled. The first set of subscription data may remain in the attach control
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`node. The precondition may relate to the expiry of a timer,
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`the detection of the end of the communication
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`session for the user equipment and/or to the detection of limited availability of (free) resources in the at-
`tach control node.
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`Resources mayalso be saved on the radio path between the user equipmentand the tel-
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`ecommunications system, particularly for LTE telecommunications system. Prior to the initiation of the
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`secondtransfer stage, establishment of a default bearer is omitted. The default bearer may be estab-
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`lished after initiation of the second transfer stage since the transfer of the second set of subscription data
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`maybeinitiated in order to transfer data to or from the user equipment, requiring the presenceof the de-
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`fault bearer. The user equipment may be informed of the non-establishmentof the default bearer (either
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`explicit or implicit) and should be configured not to process the lack of a default bearer as an unsuccess-
`ful attach.
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`It is noted that the invention relates to all possible combinations of features recited in the
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`claims. Thus, all features and advantagesofthe first aspect likewise apply to the second andthird
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`aspects, respectively.
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`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
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`Aspects of the invention will be explained in greater detail by reference to exemplary em-
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`bodiments shown in the drawings, in which:
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`FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a telecommunications system;
`
`FIGS. 2A-2C are prior art sequence diagrams illustrating steps in establishing a commu-
`
`nication session for a user equipmentin the telecommunications system of FIG. 1;
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`FIG. 3 is a schematic system block diagram illustrating a user equipment, an attach con-
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`trol node and a subscriber data system according to an embodimentof the invention;
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`FIG. 4 is a sequence diagram illustrating steps according to the disclosed method;
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`FIGS. 5A-5D are sequence diagrams for a 2G/3G telecommunications system illustrating
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`various embodiments of establishing a partial attach state for a UE;
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`FIG. 6 is a sequence diagram for a 2G/3G telecommunications system illustrating the ef-
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`fect of the partial attach state of the attach control node on a PDP context request from the UE;
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`FIGS. 7A-7C are sequence diagrams for a 2G/3G telecommunications system illustrating
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`network-initiated data transmission according to the prior art (FIG. 7A) and according to embodiments of
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`the invention (FIGS. 7B and 7C);
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`Fig. 8 is a schematic illustration of an attach control node containing a storage with a non-
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`overwritable part A and an overwritable part B;
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`FIGS. 9A and 9B are sequence diagrams for a 2G/3G telecommunications system illus-
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`trating return to a partial detach state;
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`FIGS. 10A-10C are sequence diagrams for an LTE/EPS telecommunications system il-
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`lustrating various embodiments of establishing a partial attach state for a UE;
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`FIGS. 11A and 11B are sequence diagrams for an LTE/EPS telecommunications system
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`illustrating embodimentsfor a transition from a partial attach to a complete attach state for a UE; and
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`FIGS. 12A and 12B are sequence diagrams for an LTE/EPS telecommunications system
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`illustrating embodimentsfor a transition from a complete attach state back to a partial attach state for a
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`UE.
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`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
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`FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a telecommunications system 1. The telecom-
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`munications system 1 enables communication sessions between an application server 2 and a user
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`equipment 3 over a data network 4, wherein access of the user equipment3 to the telecommunications
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`system 1
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`is wireless.
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`In the telecommunications system of FIG. 1, three generations of telecommunications
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`networks are schematically depicted together for purposesof brevity. A more detailed description of the
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`architecture and overview can be found in 3GPP TS 23.002 and 3GPP TS 23.060, 3GPP TS 23.401 and
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`3GPP TS 23.402, which are included in the present application by referencein its entirety.
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`The lower branch of FIG. 1 represents a GPRS or UMTStelecommunications system
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`comprising a Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN), a Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) and a Ra-
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`dio Access Network (GERAN or UTRAN). For a GSM/EDGE radio access network (GERAN), the
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`wireless access network comprises a Base Station Controller (BSC) connected to a plurality of Base Sta-
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`tion Transceivers (BTSs), both not shown. For a UMTSradio access network (UTRAN), the wireless
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`access network comprises a Radio Network Controller (RNC) connected to a plurality of NodeBs, also not
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`shown. The SGSN is conventionally connected to a Home Location Register (HLR) that contains sub-
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`scription data of the user equipment3.
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`The upper branchin FIG. 1 represents a next generation telecommunications system,
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`commonly indicated as Long Term Evolution (LTE) or Evolved Packet System (EPS). Such a system
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`comprises a PDN Gateway (P-GW) and a Serving Gateway (S-GW). The E-UTRANof the EPS compris-
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`es evolved NodeBs (eNodeBsor eNBs) providing wireless access for a user equipment3 that is connect-
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`connected to the S-GW via a packet network. The S-GW is connected to a Mobility ManagementEntity
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`MME forsignalling purposes whichis in turn connected to a Home Subscriber Server HSS. The HSS
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`includes a subscription profile repository containing subscription data for the user equipment3.
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`The user equipment 3 comprises an MTC device and the application server 2 may be an
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`MTC serverserving a large number of MTC devices3.
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`FIG. 2A is a prior art sequence diagram illustrating initial steps in establishing a commu-
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`nication session for a user equipment3 in the lower branch of the telecommunications system 1 of FIG. 1
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`(the attach phase).
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`In particular, FIG. 2A illustrates known steps of a packet-switched attach procedurein
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`a 2G/3G network.
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`In a first step (i), the UE 3 transmits an Attach request to the telecommunications system
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`1, which Attach request is processed by the SGSN.
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`In a subsequentstep(ii), authentication of the UE 3
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`is performed involving the HLR.
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`Then, in step (iii), the SGSN transmits an Update location message to the HLR which
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`causesthe HLRin step(iv) to transmit the full batch subscriber data associated with the UE 3 user
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`equipment 3 having sent the Attach request in step (i). The specification of the “Insert Subscriber Data”
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`message is e.g. defined in TS 29.002 clause 8.8.1 en TS 29.272 clause 5.2.2.1.
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`After step (iv), the SGSN stores all the information necessary for completing the attach
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`procedure such that a communication session can be established subsequently by establishing a PDP
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`context for the UE 3.
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`In steps (v) and (vi), the receipt of the subscriber data is acknowledged.
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`It should be noted that, as a result of the data size of the subscriber data (the data unit
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`size of the underlying layer may beinsufficient to carry all the subscriber data in one data unit), steps (iv)
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`and (v) may be repeated a number of times, to transfer all the data to the SGSN. However,this transfer
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`is performed under the same transaction identifier, i.e. there is only one transfer stage.
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`Finally, in step (vii), the UE 3 is informed that the Attach request from step (i) has been
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`accepted via an Attach accept message.
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`of a PDP context procedure in a manner knownin the art and asillustrated in steps (viii) — (xi) in FIG. 2B.
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`After having received the Attach accept message, the UE 3 is able to request activation
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`FIG. 2Cis a prior art sequence diagram illustrating initial steps in establishing a commu-
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`nication session for a user equipment3 in the upper branch of the telecommunications system 1 of FIG.
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`In particular, FIG. 2C illustrates known steps of a packet-switched attach procedure ina 4G LTE/EPS
`1.
`network.
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`In this telecommunications system 1, similar steps are performed for the UE3to getat-
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`tached to the telecommunications system 1 now using the MME and HSS. However, in order to provide
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`for an always on type of service experience, a default bearer is established during the attach procedure
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`as shownin FIG. 2C between the UE and the S-GW and P-GW.
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`FIG. 3 is a schematic system block diagram illustrating a user equipment UE 3, an attach
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`control node 10 and a subscriber data system 11 (a subscriber database) according to an embodimentof
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`the invention.
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`In the block diagrams, some componentsfor performing the disclosed method are sche-
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`matically illustrated.
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`It should be noted that these components may be implemented in hardware,
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`software or in a hybrid fashion.
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`The UE 3, the attach control node 10 and the subscriber data system 11 each contain at
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`least a processor uP for executing actions, a controller CTRL for controlling actions by the processor uP
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`and one or more forms of storage (not shown) for storing computer programs and (intermediate)