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`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`_____________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`_____________
`
`BOSE CORPORATION,
`Petitioner,
`
`v.
`
`KOSS CORPORATION,
`Patent Owner.
`_____________
`
`Case No. TBD
`Patent No. 10,206,025
`_____________
`
`
`
`
`
`
`DECLARATION OF TIM A. WILLIAMS, Ph.D.
`
`
`Bose Exhibit 1003
`Bose v. Koss
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`I.
`PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL BACKGROUND ................................. 1
`II. MATERIALS REVIEWED AND CONSIDERED .......................................... 4
`III. MY UNDERSTANDING OF PATENT LAW ................................................. 9
`A. Anticipation ...............................................................................................11
`B. Obviousness ...............................................................................................11
`IV. PERSON OF ORDINARY SKILL IN THE ART (“POSA”) .........................14
`V. THE ’025 PATENT .........................................................................................18
`A. Described Embodiments ............................................................................24
`B. Summary of the Challenged Claims ..........................................................34
`C. Prosecution History of the ’025 Patent (Ex. 1002) ...................................38
`D. Prosecution History of the ’934 Patent (Ex. 1096) ...................................40
`E. Claim Interpretation ...................................................................................41
`VI. THE CHALLENGED CLAIMS ARE UNPATENTABLE IN LIGHT
`OF THE PRIOR ART IDENTIFIED IN THE PETITION .............................42
`A. Grounds 1A-1H: All Challenged Claims Would Have Been
`Obvious Over the combination of Rezvani-446 and Rezvani-875 in
`View of Other Prior Art .............................................................................42
`1. Ground 1A: Claims 1-3, 6, 8, 11-13, 16, 18, 20-22, 25, 27, 39,
`52, 54-56 Would Have Been Obvious Over Rezvani-446 and
`Rezvani-875 in View of Skulley .........................................................44
`a. Overview of Ground 1A ............................................................. 44
`(1) Rezvani-446 (Ex. 1097): U.S. Patent Application
`Publication No. 2007/0136446 ........................................... 44
`(2) Rezvani-875 (Ex. 1016): U.S. Patent Application
`Publication No. 2007/0165875 ........................................... 46
`(3) Skulley (Ex. 1017): U.S. Patent No. 6,856,690 .................. 53
`(4) The Rezvani-Rezvani-Skulley Combination ...................... 55
`b. Claim 1 ........................................................................................ 60
`(1)
`[1A] A system comprising: ................................................. 60
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`(2) [1B] a mobile, digital audio player that stores digital
`audio content ....................................................................... 61
`(3) [1C] and a headphone assembly, separate from and in
`wireless communication with the mobile digital audio
`player, wherein the headphone assembly comprises: ......... 66
`(4) [1C1] first and second earphones, wherein each of the
`first and second earphones comprises an acoustic
`transducer ............................................................................ 68
`(5) [1C2] an antenna for receiving wireless signals from
`the mobile, digital audio player via one or more ad
`hoc wireless communication links; ..................................... 70
`(6) [1C3] a wireless communication circuit connected to
`the at least one antenna, wherein the at least one
`wireless communication circuit is for receiving and
`transmitting wireless signals to and from the
`headphone assembly; .......................................................... 72
`(7) [1C4] a processor; ............................................................... 75
`(8) [1C5] a rechargeable battery for powering the
`headphone assembly; and ................................................... 76
`(9) [1C6] a microphone for picking up utterances by a
`user of the headphone assembly; and ................................. 77
`(10) [1D] a remote, network-connected server that is in
`wireless communication with the mobile, digital
`audio player ......................................................................... 79
`(11) [1E] wherein the mobile, digital audio player is for
`transmitting digital audio content to the headphone
`assembly via the one or more ad hoc wireless
`communication links, such that the digital audio
`content received by the headphone assembly from the
`mobile, digital audio player is playable by the first
`and second earphones; and ................................................. 80
`(12) [1F] wherein the processor is for, upon activation of a
`user-control of the headphone assembly, initiating
`transmission of a request to the remote, network-
`connected server. ................................................................ 81
`c. Claim 2 ........................................................................................ 83
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`d. Claim 3 ........................................................................................ 85
`(1) [3A] The system of claim 2, wherein the processor of
`the headphone assembly is further for: processing
`audible utterances by the user picked up by the
`microphone in response to activation of the
`microphone by the user; and ............................................... 85
`(2) [3B] transmitting a communication based on the
`audible utterances via the one or more ad hoc
`wireless communication links............................................. 86
`e. Claim 6: The system of claim 1, wherein the processor of
`the headphone assembly is further for: processing audible
`utterances by the user picked up by the microphone in
`response to activation of the microphone by the user; and
`transmitting a communication based on the audible
`utterances via the one or more ad hoc wireless
`communication links. .................................................................. 87
`f. Claim 8: The system of claim 1, wherein upon activation
`of the microphone by the user, data are transmitted about
`the headphone assembly to a remote device. .............................. 88
`g. Claim 11 ...................................................................................... 89
`(1) [11A] The system of claim 1, wherein: the wireless
`communication circuit is located in the first
`earphone; and ...................................................................... 89
`(2) [11B] the headphone assembly further comprises a
`connection wire between the first and second
`earphones to carry the received digital audio content
`from the first earphone to the second earphone. ................. 91
`h. Claims 12-13, 16, and 18 ............................................................ 92
`i. Claim 20 ...................................................................................... 94
`j. Claims 21-22, 25 and 27 ............................................................. 97
`k. Claim 39 ...................................................................................... 98
`l. Claim 52 .................................................................................... 101
`m. Claim 54 .................................................................................... 104
`n. Claim 55 .................................................................................... 104
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`o. Claim 56 .................................................................................... 107
`2. Ground 1B: Claims 4-5, 7, 9, 14-15, 17, 19, 23-24, 26, 28
`Would Have Been Obvious Over Rezvani-Rezvani-Skulley in
`view of Harada ..................................................................................109
`a. Harada (Ex. 1098): U.S. Patent Application Publication
`No. 2006/0229014 ..................................................................... 110
`b. The Rezvani-Rezvani-Skulley-Harada Combination ............... 114
`c. Claim 4 ...................................................................................... 119
`(1) [4A] The system of claim 3, wherein: the mobile,
`digital audio player is a first digital audio source ............. 119
`(2) [4B] the system further comprises a second digital
`audio source that is different from the first digital
`audio source; and .............................................................. 119
`(3) [4C] the headphone assembly transitions to play
`digital audio content received wirelessly from the
`second digital audio source via a second wireless
`communication link based on, at least, a signal
`strength level for the second wireless communication
`link. 120
`d. Claim 5 ...................................................................................... 122
`e. Claim 7 ...................................................................................... 123
`f. Claim 9 ...................................................................................... 124
`g. Claim 14 .................................................................................... 125
`h. Claim 15 .................................................................................... 126
`i. Claim 17 .................................................................................... 127
`j. Claim 19 .................................................................................... 128
`k. Claim 23 .................................................................................... 129
`l. Claim 24 .................................................................................... 130
`m. Claim 26 .................................................................................... 131
`n. Claim 28 .................................................................................... 132
`3. Ground 1C: Claims 10 and 38 Would Have Been Obvious
`Over Rezvani-Rezvani-Skulley in view of Hind ..............................133
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`a. Hind (Ex. 1019): U.S. Patent No. 7,069,452 ............................ 134
`b. The Rezvani-Rezvani-Skulley-Hind Combination ................... 137
`c. Claim 10 .................................................................................... 140
`d. Claim 38 .................................................................................... 141
`4. Ground 1D: Claims 29-31, 34, 36, 39, 53-54 Would Have Been
`Obvious Over Rezvani-Rezvani-Skulley in view of Davis ..............142
`a. Davis (Ex. 1033): U.S. Patent No. 5,761,298 ........................... 142
`b. Rezvani-Rezvani-Skulley-Davis Combination ......................... 143
`c. Claim 29 .................................................................................... 145
`d. Claim 30 .................................................................................... 148
`e. Claim 31 .................................................................................... 149
`f. Claim 34 .................................................................................... 150
`g. Claim 36 .................................................................................... 151
`h. Claim 53 .................................................................................... 152
`5. Ground 1E: Claims 32-33, 35, 37 Would Have Been Obvious
`Over Rezvani-Rezvani-Skulley-Davis in view of Harada ................153
`a. Claim 32 .................................................................................... 153
`b. Claim 33 .................................................................................... 154
`c. Claim 35 .................................................................................... 155
`d. Claim 37 .................................................................................... 156
`6. Ground 1F: Claims 40-43, 46, 48 Would Have Been Obvious
`Over Rezvani-Rezvani-Skulley-Davis in view of Oh .......................157
`a. Oh (Ex. 1099): PCT Publication No. WO 2006/098584 .......... 158
`b. The Rezvani-Rezvani-Skulley-Davis-Oh Combination ........... 163
`c. Claim 40 .................................................................................... 168
`(1) [40A] The system of claim 1, wherein each of the
`first and second earphones comprises: at least one
`acoustic transducer ............................................................ 168
`(2) [40B] a wireless communication circuit ........................... 168
`(3) [40C] a body portion that sits at least partially in an
`ear of the user when the headphone assembly is worn
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`by the user; and an elongated portion that extends
`from the body portion. ...................................................... 169
`d. Claim 41 .................................................................................... 171
`e. Claim 42-43, 46, and 48 ............................................................ 173
`7. Ground 1G: Claims 44-45, 47, 49-50 Would Have Been
`Obvious Over Rezvani-Rezvani-Skulley-Davis-Oh in view of
`Harada................................................................................................174
`a. Claim 44 .................................................................................... 175
`b. Claim 45 .................................................................................... 176
`c. Claim 47 .................................................................................... 177
`d. Claim 49 .................................................................................... 178
`e. Claim 50 .................................................................................... 179
`8. Ground 1H: Claim 51 Would Have Been Obvious Over
`Rezvani-Rezvani-Skulley-Davis-Oh in view of Hind ......................180
`B. Grounds 2A-2F: Schrager-Goldstein Combinations ...............................181
`1. Ground 2A: Claims 1-3, 6, 8, 10-13, 16, 18, 38-43, 46, 48, 51-
`52, 54, 56 Would Have Been Obvious Over Schrager in View
`of Goldstein .......................................................................................181
`a. Schrager (Ex. 1101): U.S. Patent No. 7,072,686 ...................... 181
`b. Goldstein: (Ex. 1026): U.S. Patent Application Publication
`No. 2008/0031475 ..................................................................... 185
`c. The Schrager-Goldstein Combination ...................................... 191
`d. Claim 1 ...................................................................................... 198
`(1) [1A] A system comprising: ............................................... 198
`(2) [1B] a mobile, digital audio player that stores digital
`audio content ..................................................................... 198
`(3) [1C] and a headphone assembly, separate from and in
`wireless communication with the mobile digital audio
`player, wherein the headphone assembly comprises: ....... 200
`(4) [1C1] first and second earphones, wherein each of the
`first and second earphones comprises an acoustic
`transducer .......................................................................... 202
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`(5) [1C2] an antenna for receiving wireless signals from
`the mobile, digital audio player via one or more ad
`hoc wireless communication links .................................... 203
`(6) [1C3] a wireless communication circuit connected to
`the at least one antenna, wherein the at least one
`wireless communication circuit is for receiving and
`transmitting wireless signals to and from the
`headphone assembly ......................................................... 204
`(7) [1C4] a processor .............................................................. 206
`(8) [1C5] a rechargeable battery for powering the
`headphone assembly ......................................................... 207
`(9) [1C6] a microphone for picking up utterances by a
`user of the headphone assembly ....................................... 207
`(10) [1D] a remote, network-connected server that is in
`wireless communication with the mobile, digital
`audio player ....................................................................... 208
`(11) [1E] wherein the mobile, digital audio player is for
`transmitting digital audio content to the headphone
`assembly via the one or more ad hoc wireless
`communication links, such that the digital audio is
`playable by the first and second earphones ...................... 210
`(12) [1F] wherein the processor is for, upon activation of a
`user-control of the headphone assembly, initiating
`transmission of a request to the remote, network-
`connected server. .............................................................. 211
`e. Claim 2 ...................................................................................... 213
`f. Claim 3 ...................................................................................... 214
`g. Claim 6 ...................................................................................... 216
`h. Claim 8 ...................................................................................... 217
`i. Claim 10 .................................................................................... 218
`j. Claim 11 .................................................................................... 219
`(1) [11A] The system of claim 1, wherein: the wireless
`communication circuit is located in the first earphone ..... 219
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`(2) [11B] the headphone assembly further comprises a
`connection wire between the first and second
`earphones to carry the received digital audio content
`from the first earphone to the second earphone ................ 221
`k. Claims 12-13, 16, 18, and 38 .................................................... 223
`l. Claim 39 .................................................................................... 225
`m. Claim 40 .................................................................................... 226
`(1) [40A] The system of claim 1, wherein each of the
`first and second earphones comprises: at least one
`acoustic transducer ............................................................ 226
`(2) [40B] a wireless communication circuit ........................... 226
`(3) [40C] a body portion that sits at least partially in an
`ear of the user when the headphone assembly is worn
`by the user; and an elongated portion that extends
`from the body portion ....................................................... 227
`n. Claim 41 .................................................................................... 227
`o. Claims 42-43, 46, 48, and 51 .................................................... 228
`p. Claim 52 .................................................................................... 230
`q. Claim 54 .................................................................................... 232
`r. Claim 56 .................................................................................... 232
`2. Ground 2B: Claims 4-5, 7, 9, 14-15, 17, 19, 23-24, 26, 28, 32-
`33, 35, 37, 44-45, 47, 49-50 Would Have Been Obvious Over
`Schrager-Goldstein in view of Harada ..............................................233
`a. Harada ....................................................................................... 233
`b. Schrager-Goldstein-Harada Combination ................................. 233
`c. Claim 4 ...................................................................................... 235
`(1) [4A] The system of claim 3, wherein: the mobile,
`digital audio player is a first digital audio source ............. 235
`(2) [4B] the system further comprises a second digital
`audio source that is different from the first digital
`audio source ...................................................................... 235
`(3) [4C] the headphone assembly transitions to play
`digital audio content received wirelessly from the
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`second digital audio source via a second wireless
`communication link based on, at least, a signal
`strength level for the second wireless communication
`link 235
`d. Claim 5 ...................................................................................... 236
`e. Claim 7 ...................................................................................... 238
`f. Claim 9 ...................................................................................... 239
`g. Claim 14 .................................................................................... 240
`h. Claim 15 .................................................................................... 241
`i. Claim 17 .................................................................................... 242
`j. Claim 19 .................................................................................... 243
`k. Claim 44 .................................................................................... 244
`l. Claim 45 .................................................................................... 245
`m. Claim 47 .................................................................................... 246
`n. Claim 49 .................................................................................... 247
`o. Claim 50 .................................................................................... 248
`3. Ground 2C: Claims 29-31, 34, 36, 53, and 55 Would Have
`Been Obvious Over Schrager-Goldstein in view of Davis ...............249
`a. Davis ......................................................................................... 249
`b. Schrager-Goldstein-Davis Combination ................................... 249
`c. Claim 29 .................................................................................... 250
`d. Claim 30 .................................................................................... 252
`e. Claim 31 .................................................................................... 253
`f. Claim 34 .................................................................................... 254
`g. Claim 36 .................................................................................... 255
`h. Claim 53 .................................................................................... 255
`4. Ground 2D: Claims 32-33, 35 and 37 Would Have Been
`Obvious Over Schrager-Goldstein-Davis in view of Harada............256
`a. Claim 32 .................................................................................... 257
`b. Claim 33 .................................................................................... 258
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`c. Claim 35 .................................................................................... 259
`d. Claim 37 .................................................................................... 260
`5. Ground 2E: Claims 20-22, 25, 27, 39, 54-56 Would Have Been
`Obvious Over Schrager-Goldstein in view of Skulley ......................261
`a. Claim 20 .................................................................................... 261
`b. Claims 21-22, 25, and 27 .......................................................... 262
`c. Claims 39, 54-56 ....................................................................... 264
`6. Ground 2F: Claims 23-24, 26, 28 Would Have Been Obvious
`over Schrager-Goldstein-Skulley in view of Harada ........................266
`a. Claim 23 .................................................................................... 267
`b. Claim 24 .................................................................................... 268
`c. Claim 26 .................................................................................... 269
`d. Claim 28 .................................................................................... 270
`CLAIM LISTING ................................................................................................273
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`I, Tim A. Williams, declare:
`1.
`
`I have been retained by Wolf, Greenfield & Sacks, P.C., counsel for
`
`Petitioner Bose Corporation, to assess claims 1-56 (the “challenged claims”) of U.S.
`
`Patent No. 10,206,025 (Ex. 1001, “the ’025 patent”). I am being compensated for
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`my time at my standard rate of $675 per hour, plus actual expenses. My
`
`compensation is not dependent in any way upon the outcome of the inter partes
`
`review of the ’025 patent.
`
`I.
`
`PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL BACKGROUND
`
`2.
`
`I earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering (BSEE)
`
`from Michigan Technological University in 1976. In 1982, I earned a Master’s
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`degree, also in Electrical Engineering (MSEE), from the University of Texas at
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`Austin. I earned a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Electrical Engineering also from
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`the University of Texas at Austin, in 1985. My doctorate dissertation was “Digital
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`Signal Processing Techniques for Acoustic Log Data.” In 1991, I earned a Master
`
`of Business Administration degree from the University of Texas at Austin as well.
`
`3.
`
`I have over 40 years of professional experience in wireless
`
`communications and telecom technology, including roles in large corporations as
`
`well as start-ups and consulting work. My career has included the design,
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`implementation, and sale of many wireless components and systems, including for
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`Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11-based wireless local
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`area network (WLAN) at 2.4 GHz, 5.0 GHz, and 60 GHz. I have also designed
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`cellular chipsets for operation in cellular phones. See Ex. 1004. I also attended
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`Bluetooth standards meetings and have testified in federal court several times
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`regarding Bluetooth standards, equipment, and protocols.
`
`4.
`
`For example, from 1979 through 1991, I held the positions of Senior
`
`Engineer, Senior Member of the Technical Staff, and Member of the Technical Staff
`
`at Motorola, Inc. My work at Motorola, Inc. included serving as business manager,
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`project leader, and senior technical member for projects relating to the development
`
`of various cellular modems, transceivers, and transcoders.
`
`5.
`
`As another example, in 1991, I co-founded Wireless Access, Inc., a
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`start-up company focused on the Narrow Band PCS equipment market and which
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`developed the over the air protocols, subscriber equipment, and integrated circuits
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`to deploy 2-way paging services. I held the positions of Co-Founder, Chief
`
`Technical Officer, Vice President of Engineering, and Vice President of Business
`
`Strategy at Wireless Access, Inc. until it was sold to Glenarye Electronics in 1998.
`
`6.
`
`As another example, between 1998 and 2000, I was the Chief
`
`Technology Officer and Advisory Board Member of Picazo Communications, which
`
`built and sold software PBXs Telephony equipment using VoIP and Circuit
`
`Switched Technologies.
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`7.
`
`As another example, in 2004, I founded DoceoTech Inc., which
`
`provides
`
`training for engineers
`
`in Wireless, Networking, and Telephony
`
`technologies. Since 2004, I have served as the Chairman of DoceoTech Inc.
`
`8.
`
`From, 1999 to 2000, I was also an Interim CEO and Advisory Board
`
`Member of Atheros Communications, which built ICs for wireless LAN products
`
`including 802.11-based LANs.
`
`9.
`
`I was the founder and CEO of JetQue Inc., which developed messaging
`
`solutions for mobile environments.
`
`10.
`
`I was the founder and CEO of SiBEAM Inc., which developed high
`
`speed networking ICs for 60 GHz wireless LAN networking.
`
`11. Almost all of my products and designs involve communications
`
`between a mobile device and a remote server. For example, the JetQue system used
`
`software running on mobile phones to access and present audio files that were
`
`present on servers in the cloud. In this system, the mobile phone and the server used
`
`either WiFi or Cellular Data to communicate control information and audio data
`
`between the mobile phone and the server.
`
`12.
`
`I hold over 25 United States patents in wireless and signal processing
`
`technology, as well as numerous patent applications in the same field. Additionally,
`
`I am a Patent Agent registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office since
`
`January 2002.
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`13.
`
`I have provided my opinions and/or testimony as an expert witness in
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`topics relating to, for example, wireless communication technologies in matters
`
`before the International Trade Commission, U.S. district courts, and the U.S. Patent
`
`Trial and Appeals Board.
`
`14. My curriculum vitae is provided as Exhibit 1004.
`
`II. MATERIALS REVIEWED AND CONSIDERED
`
`15. My findings, as explained below, are based on my years of education,
`
`research, experience, and background in the field of wireless signal communications,
`
`including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and cellular communication technologies, as well as my
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`investigation and study of relevant materials for this declaration. When developing
`
`the opinions set forth in this declaration, I assumed the perspective of a person
`
`having ordinary skill in the art, as set forth in Section IV below. In forming my
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`opinions, I have studied and considered the materials identified in the list below as
`
`well as any of material specifically cited in my declaration.
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`
`1011
`
`1012
`
`Exhibit Description
`1001
`U.S. Patent No. 10,206,025
`1002
`Prosecution History of U.S. Patent No. 10,206,025
`1005
`Declaration of John G. Casali (“Casali”)
`1006
`Curriculum Vitae of John G. Casali
`1007
`PCT/US2009/039754 (“PCT Application”)
`1008
`U.S. Patent No. 8,190,203
`1009
`European Patent No. 2,272,259 (“EP ’259”)
`1010
`Request for Entry into the European Phase of PCT/US2009/039854
`(European Application No. 093731146.8) (Oct. 19, 2010)
`Communication regarding the transmission of the European search
`report (European Application No. 093731146.8) (June 10, 2011)
`Communication from Applicant (European Application No.
`093731146.8) (Nov. 30, 2011)
`PCT Publication No. WO2009/126614A1 (“Pelland”)
`Prosecution History of U.S. Patent No. 8,190,203
`PCT/US2008/88656 (PCT Publication No. WO2009/0886555A1)
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0165875 (“Rezvani”)
`U.S. Patent No. 6,856,690 (“Skulley”)
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0142693 (“Feder”)
`U.S. Patent No. 7,069,452 (“Hind”)
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0076489 (“Rosener”)
`U.S. Patent No. 7,457,649 (“Wilson”)
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0223604 (“Nakagawa”)
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0253579
`U.S. Patent No. 7,627,289
`U.S. Patent No. 5,889,870
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0031475 (“Goldstein”)
`
`1013
`1014
`1015
`1016
`1017
`1018
`1019
`1020
`1021
`1022
`1023
`1024
`1025
`1026
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`1027
`
`1028
`1029
`1030
`1031
`1033
`1034
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`1038
`1039
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`1049
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`1053
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`IEEE Std. 315, Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronic
`Diagrams (1975) (Reaffirmed 1993)
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0141950
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0083331
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0206776
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0286466
`U.S. Patent No. 5,761,298 (“Davis”)
`U.S. Patent No. 5,960,094
`U.S. Patent No. 6,295,366
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0110017
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0068653
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0113689
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0037818
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0210752
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0149261
`U.S. Patent No. 8,180,078
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0058313
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0147629
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0078812
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0166005
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0065805
`Internet Archive of
`http://www.bose.com/controller?event=VIEW_PRODUCT_PAGE_E
`VENT&product=headphones_audio_subcategory (Nov. 1, 2007)
`