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`ADDRESSTO:
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`113261U.S.PTO11/168793
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`|Signature=|Timothy W.Markison/|Date|6/28/2005
`SEND TO:Assistant Commissioner for Patents, Washington, OC 20231
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`FEE CALCULATION
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`1. BASIC FILING, SEARCH, AND EXAMINATION FEES
`Application Type
`FILING FEE
`SEARCH FEE
`Utility
`300.00
`500.00
`Design
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`,
`
`:
`EXAMINATION FEE
`200.00
`-
`
`TOTAL
`1000.00
`
`—_
`
`Plant
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`Reissue
`
`Provisional
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`2. EXCESS CLAIM FEES
`No.of Claims
`16
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`Total
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`Relavent# of Claims
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`Independent
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`Extra Sheets
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`200
`360
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`0.00
`0.00
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`
`
`4. OTHER FEE(S)
`Recording each patent assignment per property (times numberof properties)
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`Please type a plus sign (+) inside this box
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`ADDRESS TO:
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`PTO/SB/01 (11_00)
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`Approved for use through 10/31/2002. OMB 0651-0032
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`
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`UTILITY
`BRASS]
`
`PATENT APPLICATION
`First Inventor
`
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`Title REDUCED FEEDBACK FOR BEAMFORMINGIN A WIRELESS
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`TRANSMITTAL
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`Express MailLabelNo.,. EV PP 5Pa5y q2us
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`Only for new nonprovisional applications under 37 CFR 1.53(b))
`
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`~Assistant Commissionerfor Patents
`APPLICATION ELEMENTS
`Box Patent Application
`
`See MPEPchapter 600 concerning utility patent application contents
`Washington, DC 20231
`
`
`
`1,
`Fee Transmittal Form (e.g. PTO/SB/17)
`]CD-ROM or CD-R in duplicate, large table or
`(submit an original and a duplicate for fee processing)
`Computer Program (Appendix)
`8. Nucleotide and/or Amino Acid Sequence Submission
`Applicant claims small entity status.
`2. [_] see 37 CFR 1.27
`(if applicable, all necessary)
`a. [J Computer Readable Form (CRF)
`
`3. [TotalPages[29]Specification
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`b. Specification Sequence Listing on:
`.
`(preferred arrangementset forth below)
`-Descriptivetitle of the invention
`1. CJ CD-ROMor CD-R(2 copies); or
`-Cross Reference to Related Applications
`ii. C] paper
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`c.[] Statements verifying identity of above copies
`-Reference to sequencelisting, a table,
`
`
`
`or a computer program listing appendix
`
`
`ACCOMPANYING APPLICATION PARTS
`-Backgroundof the Invention
`
`
`-Brief Summary of the Invention
`
`
`9
`ssignment Papers (cover sheet & documents(s))
`-Brief Description of the Drawings(if filed)
`
`[J 37 CFR 3.73(b) Statement
`Powerof
`-Detailed Description
`10
`(when there is an ssignee)
`Attorney
`
`
`-Claim(s)
`
`
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`117 English Translation Document(if applicable)
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`copies of IDS
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`12[K|Statement(IDS)/PTO-1449 itations
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`4.|X |Drawing(s) (35 U.S.C. 113) [Total Pages C6]
`1
`C] Preliminary Amendment
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`5. Oath or Declaration
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`[Total Pages [_2_]
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`Return Receipt Postcard (MPEP 503)
`(Should be specifically itemized)
`a.
`Newly executed(original or copy)
`
`
`
`Copyfrom a prior application (37 CFR 1.63 (d))
`p15
`Certified Copy of Priority Document(s)
`b.[] (for continuation/divisional with Box 18 completed)
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`(if foreign priority is claimed)
`i. C DELETION OF INVENTOR(S)
`
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`Request and Certification under 35 U.S.C.12216 .[] (b)(2)(B)(i). Applicant mustattach form PTO/SB/35
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`Signed statement attached deleting inventor(s)
`
`namedin the prior application, see 37 CFR
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`or its equivalent.
`1.63(d)(2) and 1.33(b).
`TP] Othernnn
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`18. If a CONTINUING APPLICATION, check appropriate box, and supply the requisite information below andin a preliminary amendment,
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`; .
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`Continuation [| Divisional[] Continuation-in-part (CIP)_of prior application No:
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`For CONTINUATION ORDIVISIONAL APPSonly: Theentire disclosure ofthe prior application, from which an oath or declaration is supplied under
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`is considered a part of the disclosure of the accompanying continuation or divisional application and is hereby incorporatied by reference.
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`
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`k} Customer Number or Bar Code Label DRE es or [correspondence address below
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`|Name|Timothy W. Markison
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`“
`
`PTO/SBI17 (12_04)
`Approvedfor use through 7/31/2006. OMB 0651-0032
`U.S. Patent and Trademark Office: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
`Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, no personsare required to respondto a collection ofinformation untess it displays a valid OMB contral number.
`
`3 FEE TRANSMITTAL Application Number
`for FY 2005
`Filing Date
`
`Complete if Known
`
`First Named Inventor|Joonsuk Kim
`
`Applicant claims small entity status
`
`—
`
`Examiner Name
`GroupArt Unit
`
`METHOD OF PAYMENT(checkall that apply)
`
`[_]check x|Credit card [_]Money Order [| None [_Jother:CF
`Deposit Account Deposit Account Number 50-2126
`Deposit Account Name Garlick, Harrison & Markison
`
`For the aboveidentified deposit account, the Director is hereby authorized to: (check all that apply)
`[| Chargefee(s) indicated below[| Chargefee(s) indicated below, expect forthefiling fee
`Charge Any Additional Fee(s) or underpayment of fee(s)
`;
`Under 37 CFR 1.16 and 1.17
`[x] Credit any overpayments
`Warning: Information on this form may become public. Credit card information should not be included on this form. Provide Credit
`card information and authorization on PTO-2038.
`:
`
`FEE CALCULATION
`
`1. BASIC FILING, SEARCH, AND EXAMINATION FEES
`Application Type
`FILING FEE
`SEARCH FEE
`Utility
`300.00
`500.00
`Design
`
`,
`
`:
`EXAMINATION FEE
`200.00
`-
`
`TOTAL
`1000.00
`
`—_
`
`Plant
`
`Reissue
`
`Provisional
`
`2. EXCESS CLAIM FEES
`No.of Claims
`16
`
`Total
`
`Relavent# of Claims
`0
`
`Per Claim Fee
`50
`
`Total. Fee
`0.00
`
`
`
`Independent
`Multiple Dependent
`3. APPLICATION SIZE FEE
`Size fee due
`Fee
`Extra sheet multiplier
`Total Sheets
`Extra Sheets
`
`35=- 100= 0 150 = 0 250.00 0.00
`
`
`
`
`3
`
`=
`
`0
`
`X
`
`200
`360
`
`0.00
`0.00
`
`
`
`4. OTHER FEE(S)
`Recording each patent assignment per property (times numberof properties)
`Otherfee (specify)
`
`SUBMITTED BY
`
`Complete (if applicable)
`
`
`
`Tinthy W.Maw [oe|___82872008
`SEND TO: Commissioner for Patents, P.O. Box 1450, Alexandria, VA 22313
`
`4
`
`OnePlus Ex. 1014.0004
`IPR2022-00048
`
`4
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`OnePlus Ex. 1014.0004
`IPR2022-00048
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`

`

`DOCKETNO.BP 4637
`
`TITLE OF THE INVENTION
`
`REDUCED FEEDBACK FOR BEAMFORMINGIN A WIRELESS
`
`COMMUNICATION
`
`CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENTS
`
`This invention is claiming priority under 35 USC § 119(e)
`
`to a
`
`provisionally filed patent application having the same title as the present patent
`
`application, a filing date of 4/21/2005, and an application number of 60/673,451.
`
`BACKGROUNDOF THE INVENTION
`
`TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`This invention relates generally to wireless communication systems and more
`
`particularly to wireless communications using beamforming.
`
`10
`
`15
`
`DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART
`
`Communication systems are known to support wireless and wire
`
`lined
`
`communications between wireless and/or wire lined communication devices.
`
`Such
`
`communication systems range from national and/or international cellular telephone
`
`20
`
`systems to the Internet to point-to-point
`
`in-home wireless networks. Each type of
`
`communication system is constructed, and hence operates, in accordance with one or
`
`more communication standards. For instance, wireless communication systems may
`
`operate in accordance with one or more standards including, but not limited to, IEEE
`
`802.11, Bluetooth, advanced mobile phone services (AMPS), digital AMPS, global
`
`25
`
`system for mobile communications (GSM), code division multiple access (CDMA), local
`
`multi-point distribution systems (LMDS), multi-channel-multi-point distribution systems
`
`(MMDS),and/or variationsthereof.
`
`Depending on the type of wireless communication system,
`a wireless
`communication device, such as a cellular telephone, two-way radio, personal digital
`
`30
`
`5
`
`OnePlus Ex. 1014.0005
`IPR2022-00048
`
`5
`
`OnePlus Ex. 1014.0005
`IPR2022-00048
`
`

`

`DOCKET NO.BP 4637
`
`assistant
`
`(PDA), personal computer
`
`(PC),
`
`laptop computer, home entertainment
`
`indirectly with other wireless
`cetera communicates directly or
`et
`equipment,
`communication devices.
`For direct communications (also known as point-to-point
`
`communications), the participating wireless communication devices tune their receivers
`
`and transmitters to the same channel or channels (e.g., one of the plurality of radio
`
`frequency (RF) carriers of the wireless communication system) and communicate over
`
`that channel(s). For indirect wireless communications, each wireless communication
`
`device communicates directly with an associated base station (e.g., for cellular services)
`
`and/or an associated access point (e.g., for an in-home or in-building wireless network)
`
`10
`
`via an assigned channel. To complete a communication connection between the wireless
`
`communication devices,
`
`the associated base stations and/or associated access points
`
`communicate with each other directly, via a system controller, via the public switch
`
`telephone network,via the Internet, and/or via some other wide area network.
`
`15
`
`For
`
`each wireless
`
`communication
`
`device
`
`to
`
`participate
`
`in wireless
`
`communications, it includes a built-in radio transceiver(i.e., receiver and transmitter) or
`
`is coupled to an associated radio transceiver(e.g., a station for in-homeand/orin-building
`
`wireless communication networks, RF modem, etc.). As is known,
`
`the receiver is
`
`coupled to the antenna and includes a low noise amplifier, one or more intermediate
`
`20
`
`frequency stages, a filtering stage, and a data recovery stage. The low noise amplifier
`
`receives inbound RF signals via the antenna and amplifies then. The one or more
`
`intermediate frequency stages mix the amplified RF signals with one or more local
`
`oscillations to convert the amplified RF signal into baseband signals or intermediate
`
`frequency (IF) signals. Thefiltering stage filters the baseband signals or the IF signals to
`
`25
`
`attenuate unwanted out of band signals to produce filtered signals. The data recovery
`
`stage recovers raw data from the filtered signals in accordance with the particular
`
`wireless communication standard.
`
`Asis also known, the transmitter includes a data modulation stage, one or more
`
`30
`
`intermediate frequency stages, and a power amplifier.
`
`The data modulation stage
`
`converts raw data into baseband signals in accordance with a particular wireless
`
`6
`
`OnePlus Ex. 1014.0006
`IPR2022-00048
`
`6
`
`OnePlus Ex. 1014.0006
`IPR2022-00048
`
`

`

`DOCKETNO. BP 4637
`
`communication standard.
`
`The one or more intermediate frequency stages mix the
`
`baseband signals with one or more local oscillations to produce RF signals. The power
`
`amplifier amplifies the RF signals prior to transmission via an antenna.
`
`In many systems, the transmitter will include one antenna for transmitting the RF
`
`signals, which are received by a single antenna, or multiple antennas, of a receiver.
`Whenthe receiver includes two or more antennas, the receiver will select one of them to
`
`receive the incoming RF signals.
`
`In this instance, the wireless communication between
`
`the transmitter and receiver is a single-output-single-input (SISO) communication, even
`
`10
`
`if the receiver includes multiple antennas that are used as diversity antennas (i.e.,
`
`selecting one of them to receive the incoming RF signals).
`
`For SISO wireless
`
`communications, a transceiver includes one transmitter and one receiver. Currently, most
`
`wireless local area networks (WLAN) that are IEEE 802.11, 802.11a, 802,11b, or
`
`802.11g employ SISO wireless communications.
`
`15
`
`Other types of wireless communications include single-input-multiple-output
`(SIMO), multiple-input-single-output
`(MISO),
`and multiple-input-multiple-output
`
`(MIMO).
`
`In a SIMO wireless communication, a single transmitter processes data into
`
`radio frequency signals that are transmitted to a receiver. The receiver includes two or
`
`20
`
`more antennas and two or more receiver paths. Each of the antennas receives the RF
`
`signals and provides them to a corresponding receiver path (e.g., LNA, down conversion
`
`module, filters, and ADCs). Each of the receiver paths processes the received RF signals
`
`to produce digital signals, which are combined and then processed to recapture the
`
`transmitted data.
`
`25
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`For a_multiple-input-single-output (MISO) wireless communication, the
`
`
`
`transmitter includes two or more transmission paths (e.g., digital to analog converter,
`
`filters, up-conversion module, and a power amplifier) that each converts a corresponding
`
`portion of baseband signals into RF signals, which are transmitted via corresponding
`
`30
`
`antennas to a receiver. The receiver includes a single receiver path that receives the
`
`a
`
`OnePlus Ex. 1014.0007
`IPR2022-00048
`
`7
`
`OnePlus Ex. 1014.0007
`IPR2022-00048
`
`

`

`DOCKET NO. BP 4637
`
`multiple RF signals from the transmitter. In this instance, the receiver uses beam forming
`
`to combine the multiple RF signals into one signal for processing.
`
`For a multiple-input-multiple-output
`
`(MIMO) wireless communication,
`
`the
`
`transmitter and receiver each include multiple paths.
`In such a communication, the
`transmitter parallel processes data using a spatial and time encoding function to produce
`two or more streams of data. The transmitter includes multiple transmission paths to
`
`convert each stream of data into multiple RF signals. The receiver receives the multiple
`
`RF signals via multiple receiver paths that recapture the streamsof data utilizing a spatial
`
`10
`
`and time decoding function.
`
`The recaptured streams of data are combined and
`
`subsequently processed to recover the original data.
`
`To further
`
`improve wireless communications,
`
`transceivers may incorporate
`
`beamforming.
`
`In general, beamforming is a processing technique to create a focused
`
`15
`
`antenna beam by shifting a signal in time or in phase to provide gain of the signal in a
`
`desired direction and to attenuate the signal in other directions. Prior art papers (1)
`
`Digital beamforming basics (antennas) by Steyskal, Hans, Journal of Electronic Defense,
`
`7/1/1996; (2) Utilizing Digital Downconverters for Efficient Digital Beamforming, by
`
`Clint Schreiner, Red River Engineering, no publication date; and (3) Interpolation Based
`
`20
`
`Transmit Beamforming for MIMO-OFMD with Partial Feedback, by Jihoon Choi and
`
`Robert W. Heath, University of Texas, Department of Electrical and Computer
`
`Engineering, Wireless Networking and Communications Group, September, 13, 2003
`
`discuss beamforming concepts.
`
`25
`
`In order for a transmitter to properly implement beamforming(i.e., determine the
`
`beamforming matrix [V]), it needs to know properties of the channel over which the
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`wireless communication is conveyed. Accordingly, the receiver must provide feedback
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`information for the transmitter to determine the properties of the channel. One approach
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`for sending feedback from the receiver to the transmitter is for the receiver to determine
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`the channel response (H) and to provide it as the feedback information. An issue with
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`this approach is the size of the feedback packet, which may be so large that, during the
`timeit takes to sendit to the transmitter, the response of the channel has changed.
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`To reducethe size of the feedback, the receiver may decomposethe cnannelusing
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`singular value decomposition (SVD) and send information relating only to a calculated
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`value of the transmitter’s beamforming matrix (V) as the feedback information.
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`In this
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`approach, the receiver calculates (V) based on H = UDV*, where H is the channel
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`response, D is a diagonal matrix, andUis a receiver unitary matrix. While this approach
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`reducesthe size of the feedback information,its size is still an issue fora MIMOwireless
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`communication. For instance, in a 2x2 MIMO wireless communication, the feedback
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`needs four elements that are all complex Cartesian coordinate values [V11 V12; V21
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`V22].
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`In general, Vik = aik + j*bik, where aik and bik are values between [-1, 1]. Thus,
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`with 1 bit express per each element for each of the real and imaginary components, aik
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`and bik can be either — % or %, which requires 4x2x1 = 8 bits per tone. With 4 bit
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`expressions per each element of V(f) in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
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`(OFDM)2 x 2 MIMO wireless communication, the number of bits required is 1728 per
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`tone (e.g., 4*2*54*4 = 1728, 4 elements per tone, 2 bits for real and imaginary
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`components per tone, 54 data tones per frame, and 4 bits per element), which requires
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`overhead for a packet exchangethatis too large for practical applications.
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`Therefore, a need exists for a method and apparatus for reducing beamforming
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`feedback information for wireless communications.
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`BRIEF SUMMARYOF THE INVENTION
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`The present invention is directed to apparatus and methods of operation that are
`
`further described in the following Brief Description of the Drawings,
`
`the Detailed
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`Description of the Invention, and the claims. Other features and advantages of the
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`present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the
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`invention made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
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`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
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`Figure 1
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`is a schematic block diagram of a wireless communication system in
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`accordance with the present invention;
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`Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram of a wireless communication device in
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`accordance with the present invention;
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`Figure 3 is a schematic block diagram of another wireless communication device
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`in accordance with the present invention;
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`Figure 4 is a schematic block diagram of baseband transmit processing in
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`accordancewith the present invention;
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`Figure 5 is a schematic block diagram of baseband receive processing in
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`accordance with the present invention; and
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`Figure 6 is a schematic block diagram of a beamforming wireless communication
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`in accordance with the present invention.
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`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
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`Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a communication system 10 that
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`includes a plurality of base stations and/or access points 12, 16, a plurality of wireless
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`communication devices 18-32 and a network hardware component 34. Note that the
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`network hardware 34, which maybe a router, switch, bridge, modem, system controller,
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`et cetera provides a wide area network connection 42 for the communication system 10.
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`Further note that
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`the wireless communication devices 18-32 may be laptop host
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`computers 18 and 26, personal digital assistant hosts 20 and 30, personal computer hosts
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`24 and 32 and/or cellular telephone hosts 22 and 28. The details of the wireless
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`communication devices will be described in greater detail with reference to Figure2.
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`Wireless communication devices 22, 23, and 24 are located within an independent
`basic service set (IBSS) area and communicate directly (1.e., point to point).
`In this
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`configuration, these devices 22, 23, and 24 may only communicate with each other. To
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`communicate with other wireless communication devices within the system 10 or to
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`communicate outside of the system 10, the devices 22, 23, and/or 24 needto affiliate with
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`one of the base stations or access points 12 or 16.
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`The base stations or access points 12, 16 are located within basic service set
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`(BSS)areas 11 and 13, respectively, and are operably coupled to the network hardware
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`34 via local area network connections 36, 38. Such a connection provides the base
`station or access point 12 16 with connectivity to other devices within the system 10 and
`provides connectivity to other networks via the WAN connection 42. To communicate
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`with the wireless communication devices within its BSS 11 or 13, each of the base
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`stations or access points 12-16 has an associated antenna or antenna array. For instance,
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`base station or access point 12 wirelessly communicates with wireless communication
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`devices 18 and 20 while base station or access point 16 wirelessly communicates with
`wireless communication devices 26 — 32. Typically, the wireless communication devices
`register with a particular base station or access point 12, 16 to receive services from the
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`communication system 10.
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`Typically, base stations are used for cellular telephone systems and like-type
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`systems, while access points are used for in-homeor in-building wireless networks(e.g.,
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`IEEE 802.11 and versions thereof, Bluetooth, and/or any other type of radio frequency
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`based network protocol). Regardless of the particular type of communication system,
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`each wireless communication device includesa built-in radio and/or is coupled to a radio.
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`Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a wireless communication
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`device that includes the host device 18-32 and an associated radio 60.
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`For cellular
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`telephone hosts, the radio 60 is a built-in component. For personal digital assistants
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`hosts, laptop hosts, and/or personal computer hosts, the radio 60 may bebuilt-in or an
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`externally coupled component.
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`Asillustrated, the host device 18-32 includes a processing module 50, memory
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`52, aradio interface 54, an input interface 58, and an output interface 56. The processing
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`module 50 and memory 52 execute the corresponding instructions that are typically done
`by the host device. For example, for a cellular telephone host device, the processing
`module 50 performs the corresponding communication functions in accordance with a
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`particular cellular telephone standard.
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`The radio interface 54 allows data to be received from and sent to the radio 60.
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`For data received from the radio 60 (e.g., inbound data), the radio interface 54 provides
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`the data to the processing module 50 for further processing and/or routing to the output
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`interface 56. The output interface 56 provides connectivity to an output display device
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`such as a display, monitor, speakers, et cetera such that the received data may be
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`displayed. The radio interface 54 also provides data from the processing module 50 to
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`the radio 60. The processing module 50 may receive the outbound data from an input
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`device such as a keyboard, keypad, microphone, et cetera via the input interface 58 or
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`generate the data itself. For data received via the input interface 58, the processing
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`module 50 may perform a corresponding host function on the data and/or route it to the
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`radio 60 via the radio interface 54.
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`Radio 60 includes a host interface 62, digital receiver processing module 64, an
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`analog-to-digital converter 66, a high pass and low passfilter module 68, an IF mixing
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`down conversion stage 70,
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`a receiver
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`filter 71, a low noise amplifier 72,
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`a
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`transmitter/receiver switch 73, a local oscillation module 74, memory 75, a digital
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`transmitter processing module 76, a digital-to-analog converter 78, a filtering/gain
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`module 80, an IF mixing up conversion stage 82, a power amplifier 84, a transmitterfilter
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`module 85, a channel bandwidth adjust module 87, and an antenna 86. The antenna 86
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`may bea single antennathat is shared by the transmit and receive paths as regulated by
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`the Tx/Rx switch 73, or may include separate antennas for the transmit path and receive
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`path. The antenna implementation will depend on the particular standard to which the
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`wireless communication device is compliant.
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`The digital receiver processing module 64 and the digital transmitter processing
`module 76, in combination with operational instructions stored in memory 75, execute
`digital receiver functions and digital
`transmitter functions, respectively. The digital
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`receiver functions include, but are not
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`limited to, digital intermediate frequency to
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`baseband conversion,
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`demodulation,
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`constellation demapping,
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`decoding,
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`and/or
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`descrambling.
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`The digital
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`transmitter
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`functions include, but are not
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`limited to,
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`scrambling, encoding, constellation mapping, modulation, and/or digital baseband to IF
`conversion. The digital receiver and transmitter processing modules 64 and 76 may be
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`implemented using a shared processing device,
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`individual processing devices, or a
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`plurality of processing devices. Such a processing device may be a microprocessor,
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`micro-controller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, field
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`programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine,
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`logic circuitry,
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`analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or any device that manipulates signals (analog
`
`
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`and/or digital) based on operational instructions. The memory 75 may beasingle
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`memory device or a plurality of memory devices. Such a memory device may be a read-
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`only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static
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`Memory, dynamic memory,
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`flash memory, and/or any device that
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`stores digital
`
`information. Note that when the processing module 64 and/or 76 implements one or
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`more ofits functions via a state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic
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`circuitry, the memory storing the corresponding operational instructions is embedded
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`with the circuitry comprising the state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or
`
`logic circuitry.
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`In operation, the radio 60 receives outbound data 94 from the host device via the
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`host interface 62. The host interface 62 routes the outbound data 94 to the digital
`
`transmitter processing module 76, which processes the outbound data 94 in accordance
`
`with a particular wireless communication standard (e.g., IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, et
`
`cetera) to produce outbound basebandsignals 96. The outbound basebandsignals 96 will
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`be digital base-band signals (e.g., have a zero IF) or a digital low IF signals, where the
`low IF typically will be in the frequency range of one hundred kilohertz to a few
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`The digital-to-analog converter 78 converts the outbound baseband signals 96
`from the digital domain to the analog domain. Thefiltering/gain module 80filters and/or
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`adjusts the gain of the analog signals prior to providing it to the IF mixing stage 82. The
`IF mixing stage 82 converts the analog baseband or low IF signals into RF signals based
`on a transmitter local oscillation 83 provided by local oscillation module 74. The power
`
`amplifier 84 amplifies the RF signals to produce outbound RF signals 98, whic