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`Filed: December 23, 2022
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`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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`––––––––––––––––––
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
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`––––––––––––––––––
`
`APPLE INC.,
`Petitioner,
`
`v.
`
`MEMORYWEB, LLC,
`Patent Owner.
`
`––––––––––––––––––
`
`Case No. IPR2022-00033
`U.S. Patent No. 10,423,658
`
`––––––––––––––––––
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`PETITIONER’S REPLY
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`IPR2022-00033
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`Petitioner’s Reply
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`Table of Contents
`
`Introduction .................................................................................................... 1
`I.
`II. Claim Construction ........................................................................................ 1
`“Application View” [Claim 1] ............................................................... 1
`A.
`B.
`“Responsive To… Displaying” [Claims 3-4, 7, and 10] ....................... 2
`C.
`“[First/Second]-Person-Location-Selectable Element” [Claims 8 and
`11] .......................................................................................................... 4
`III. A3UM Is Prior Art ......................................................................................... 7
`Patentee Responds with Implausible Theories, Not Evidence .............. 9
`A.
`B. Dr. Surati’s Testimony Is Not Credible ............................................... 13
`C. A3UM Can Be Retrieved from the Installer DVD .............................. 15
`D. A3UM Is Accessible After Installation ............................................... 19
`EX1005 Is a True and Correct Copy of A3UM ................................... 20
`E.
`F. Mr. Birdsell Is Credible ....................................................................... 22
`IV. The Challenged Claims Are Unpatentable ................................................ 22
`A. Claim 1—Application View ................................................................ 22
`Claim 1—Thumbnails ......................................................................... 23
`B.
`C.
`Claim 5 ................................................................................................ 28
`D. Claims 8 and 11 ................................................................................... 29
`E.
`Claims 3 and 4 ..................................................................................... 32
`V. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................ 35
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`IPR2022-00033
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`Petitioner's Reply
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`UPDATED EXIDBIT LIST
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`Exhibit Description
`U.S. Patent No. 10,423,658
`File History of U.S. Patent No. 10,423,658
`Declaration of Dr. Loren Terveen regarding U.S. Patent No.
`10,423,658
`CV of Dr. Loren Terveen
`Aperture 3 User Manual, Apple Inc. (Feb. 2010) ("A3UM")
`U.S. Patent App. Pub. No. 2010/0058212 Al to Belitz et al.
`("Belitz")
`U.S. Patent No. 9,612,126 to Beletski et al.
`U.S. Patent No. 8,160,400 to Snavely et al.
`RESERVED
`U.S. Patent No. 9,098,531 ("'531 Patent")
`U.S. Patent No. 9,552,376 ('"376 Patent")
`RESERVED
`U.S. Patent No. 10,621,228 ("'228 Patent")
`U.S. Patent No. 11,017,020 ('"020 Patent")
`File History of U.S. Patent No. 9,098,531
`File History of U.S. Patent No. 9,552,376
`RESERVED
`File History of U.S. Patent No. 10,621,228
`File History of U.S. Patent No. 11,017,020
`Declaration of Matthew Birdsell
`Apple Inc., www.apple.com (various) (Archive.org: Feb. 17 to Mar.
`5, 2010)
`Standard Affidavit, Internet Archive (Oct. 8, 2021), available at
`https://archive.org/legal/affidavit.php
`
`No.
`1001
`1002
`1003
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`1004
`1005
`1006
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`1007
`1008
`1009
`1010
`1011
`1012
`1013
`1014
`1015
`1016
`1017
`1018
`1019
`1020
`1021
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`1022
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`..
`11
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`IPR2022-00033
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`Petitioner's Reply
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`No.
`1023
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`1024
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`1025
`1026
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`1027
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`1028
`1029
`
`Exhibit Description
`Complaint,MemoryWeb, LLCv. Apple, Inc., Civ. No. 6:21-cv-531,
`Dkt. 1 (W.D. Tex. May 25, 2021).
`Affidavit of Service, MemoryWeb, LLC v. Apple, Inc., Civ. No. 6:21-
`cv-531, Dkt. 9 (W.D. Tex. Jun. 11, 2021) (service as of June 10,
`2021)
`U.S. Patent No. 7,620,496 to Rasmussen
`Joint Motion for Entry of Agreed Scheduling Order, MemoryWeb,
`LLCv. Apple, Inc., Civ. No. 6:21-cv-531, Dkt. 24 (W.D. Tex. Oct. 1,
`2021)
`Plaintiff MemoryWeb, LLC's Initial Infringement Contentions,
`MemoryWeb, LLC v. Apple, Inc., Civ. No. 6:21-cv-53l (W.D. Tex.
`Sept. 24, 2021) (service onlv)
`U.S. Patent App. Pub. No. 2011/0074811 Al to Hanson et al.
`Top 11 Technologies of the Decade, IEEE Spectrum, pp. 27-63 (Jan.
`2011).
`1030 Wikipedia Entry for "Photo sharing" (Archive.org: May 6, 2011),
`available at https://web.archive.org/web/20110506092919/
`htt:Q:/en.wiki12edia.org/wiki/Photo sharing
`1031 Wikipedia Entry for "Image organizer" (Archive.org: Apr. 27, 2010),
`available at h!ms://web.archive.org/web/20100427092553/
`htt12s:/ en. wiki12edia.orgiwiki/Image organizer
`Todd Bogdan, "Announcing Picasa 3.5, now with name tags, better
`geotagging and more," The Official Google Blog (Sept. 22, 2009)
`(Archive.org: Nov. 11, 2009), available at
`htt12s://web.archive.orgiweb/20091103l 13337/
`htt12://google12hotos.blogs2ot.com/2009/09/announcing-2icasa-35-
`now-with-name-tags.html
`Stephen Shankland,"What's the best Web site for geotagged
`photos?," CNET (Mar. 18, 2009), available at
`htt2s://www.cnet.com/tech/com2utingiwhats-the-best-web-site-for-
`geotagged-2hotos/
`Panoramio, "Embedding a Panoramio map into your web page"
`(Archive.org: Mar. 28, 2010), available at
`htt12s://web.archive.orgiweb/20100328215828/
`htt2://www.2anoramio.com/hel2/embedding
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`1032
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`1033
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`1034
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`111
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`IPR2022-00033
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`Petitioner's Reply
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`No.
`1035
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`1036
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`1037
`1038
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`1039
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`1040
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`1041
`1042
`1043
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`1044
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`1045
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`1046
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`1047
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`Exhibit Description
`Shu-Wai Chow, PHP Web 2.0 Mashup Projects, Packt Publishing
`(2007)
`Exchangeable image file format for digital still cameras: Exif
`Version 2.2, JEITA CP-3451 (Apr. 2002), available at
`htt2s://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF.
`Information Interchange Model Version 4, IPTC-NAA (July 1999)
`Guidelines for Handling Image Metadata v. 1.0, Metadata Working
`Group (Sept. 2008), , available at
`htt2s://web.archive.orgiweb/20090206012835/
`htt:Q:/metadataworkinggrou2.orgi2df/mwg gyidance.2df.
`iPhoto '09 Review (Archive org: May 26, 2009), available at
`htt2s://web.archive.orgiweb/20090901000000*/htt:Q://www.killersite
`s.com/magazine/2009/i12hoto-09-review/
`Google Code, Google Maps API Reference (Archive.org: Feb. 23,
`2010), available at:
`htt:Q:// code.google.com/a2is/ma2s/documentation/reference.html
`U.S. Patent App. Pub. No. 2009/0113350 Al to Hibino et al.
`U.S. Patent App. Pub. No. 2006/0165380 Al to Tanaka et al.
`Flickr, Tour: Maps (Archive.org: Feb. 9, 2010), available at
`htt2://www.flickr.com/tour/ma2s
`Devin Coldewey, Review: Aperture 3, CrunchGear (Archive.org:
`Mar. 22, 2010), available at
`htt12://www.crunchgear.com/20l0/03/l9/review-a12erture-3/
`Tony Wu, Using Aperture 3: Part 1 (Archive.org: Apr. 2, 2010),
`available at h!m://www.tonvwublog.com/20100330/first-good-
`im2ressions-using-a2erture-3.html
`Complaint for Declaratory Judgment, MyHeritage (USA), Inc. et al.
`v. MemoryWeb, LLC, Case No. l:21-cv-02666, Dkt. 1 (N.D. Ill. May
`17, 2021)
`Apple Inc., Mac OS Xvi 0.6.3 Update (Mar. 29, 2010) (Archive.org
`Apr. 11, 2010), available at
`htt2s://web.archive.orgiweb/20100411001846/
`htt12s://su1212ort.a1212le.com/kb/dll O18.
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`lV
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`IPR2022-00033
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`Petitioner's Reply
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`No.
`1048
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`1049
`1050
`1051
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`1052
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`1054
`1055
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`Exhibit Description
`Apple Inc., Apple Releases Aperture 3 (Feb. 9, 2010) (Archive.org
`May 20, 2010), available at
`htt12s://web.archive.orgLweb/20100520085140/
`htt12s://www.a1212le.com/12r/library/2010/02/0htt12s://www.a1212le.com/2
`r/library/2010/02/09a2erture.html.
`U.S. Patent App. Pub. No. 2007/0030391 Al to Kim et al.
`U.S. Patent No. 7,978,936 Bl to Casillas et al.
`Apple Inc., Exploring Aperture 3 (2010), available at
`htt2s://manuals.info.a22le.com/MANUALS/l000/ MA1522/en US/
`Ex2loring A2erture 3.:Qdf.
`Sept. 17, 2021 eBay Order Confirmation for "Apple Aperture 3
`Academic Software DVD With Serial Code"
`1053 Martin C. Brown, Hacking Google Maps and Google Earth, Wiley
`Publishing, Inc. (2006)
`RESERVED
`Apple Inc., http://documentation.apple.com/en/aperture/usermanual/
`HTML Source File (Archive.org Feb. 17, 2010), available at view-
`source:h!!I?s://web.archive.org/web/20100217035925/h!!I?://documen
`tation.a1212le.com/en/a12erture/usermanual/
`RESERVED
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`1056-
`1065
`1066
`[NEW]
`1067
`[NEW]
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`1068
`[NEW]
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`1069
`[NEW]
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`Scott Meyers & Mike Lee, Learn Mac OS X Snow Leopard Book
`(2009) Excerpts
`Apress.com ordering page for Learn Mac OS X Snow Leopard (Sept.
`2009) Book (Archive.org: Feb. 1, 2010), available at
`htt2s://web.archive.orgLweb/20100201093806/htt2://a2ress.com/boo
`k/view/9781430219460
`Mac Dev Center-Apple Developer Webpages (Archive.org: Apr.
`14, 2010), available at
`htt2s://web.archive.orgLweb/20100414095727/htt2:/develo2er.a22le.
`com/mac
`Apple Inc., Mac OS XTechnology Overview (Aug. 14, 2009)
`(Archive.org: Nov. 13, 2010), available at
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`IPR2022-00033
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`Petitioner's Reply
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`No.
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`1070
`[NEW]
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`1071
`[NEW]
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`1072
`[NEW]
`1073
`[NEW]
`1074
`[NEW]
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`1075
`[NEW]
`1076
`[NEW]
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`1077
`[NEW]
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`1078
`[NEW]
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`Exhibit Description
`htt:12s://web.archive.orgiweb/20101113134432m12 /htm://develo12er.a
`:g:gle.com/libraa/mac/documentation/MacOSX/Conce:gtual/OSX Te
`chnology Overview/OSX Technology Overview.:gdf
`Apple Inc., Bundle Programming Guide (July 14, 2009)
`(Archive.org: May 25, 2010), available at
`htt12s://web.archive.orgiweb/20100525020133/htt12://develo12er.a1212le.
`com/mac/libraaf documentation/corefoundation/conce:gtual/CFBundl
`es/Introduction
`Apple Inc., Resource Programming Guide (Jan. 6, 2009)
`(Archive.org: Jan. 14, 2010), available at
`htt12s://web.archive.orgiweb/20100114164340/htt12:/develo12er.a1212le.
`com/mac/libraafdocumentation/Cocoa/Conce:gtual/LoadingResource
`s/Introduction/Introduction.html
`Internet Archive Extended URLs and Corresponding Screen Shots
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`Install Disk Screen Shots
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`Collection of Aperture 3 Webpages (Archive.org: Mar. 16, 2010),
`Navigable from Ex. 1044, available at
`htt12s://web.archive.orgiweb/20100316213353/htt12://www.a1212le.com
`/a12erture/
`RESERVED
`
`Collection of Aperture 3 Webpages (Archive.org: Apr. 11, 2010),
`Navigable from Ex. 1045, available at
`htt12s://web.archive.orgiweb/20100411022811/htt12://www.a1212le.com
`:80/a:gerture/
`Jason Snell, "Apple releases Aperture 3," Macworld (Archive.org:
`Feb. 11, 2010), available at
`htt12s://web.archive.orgiweb/20100211033049/htt12://www.macworld.
`com/article/146231/2010/02/a12erture3.html
`Collection of Aperture 3 Webpages (Archive.org: Feb. 12, 2010),
`Navigable from Ex. 1077, available at
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`IPR2022-00033
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`Petitioner's Reply
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`No.
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`1079
`[NEW]
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`1080
`[NEW]
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`1081
`[NEW]
`1082
`[NEW]
`1083
`[NEW]
`1084
`[NEW]
`1085
`[NEW]
`1086
`[NEW]
`1087
`[NEW]
`1088
`[NEW]
`1089
`[NEW]
`1090
`[NEW]
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`Exhibit Description
`htt2s://web.archive.orgiweb/20100212221924/htt2://www.a22le.com
`/a12erture
`Panoramio, Screen Shot of "Popular photos in Google Earth"
`(Archive.org: Nov. 26, 2010), available at
`htt2s://web.archive.orgiweb/20101126084240/htt2://www.2anoramio
`.com:80/ma2
`Panoramio, "Adding photos to Panoramio," Help Webpage
`(Archive.org: Mar. 28, 2010), available at
`htt2s://web.archive.orgiweb/20100328220626/htt2://www.2anoramio
`.com/hel2/adding 2hotos
`Places View (Exhibit 1005, 30), Annotated with Arrow
`
`RESERVED
`
`Window Area Measurement Illustration, Places View (Exhibit 1005,
`30) from IPR2022-00032, Exhibit 2025
`Revealing Files on the Aperture 3 Installer DVD, Video
`Demonstration
`Screen Shot of Final Frame of the Video Demonstration in Exhibit
`1085
`Mac OS X Version 10.6.3 Screen Shot of Computer Used in the
`Video Demonstration in Exhibit 1085
`Corrected Window Area Measurement Illustration, Places View
`(Exhibit 1005, 30) from IPR2022-00032, Exhibit 2025
`Corrected Window Area Measurement Illustration, Places View
`(Exhibit 1005, 30) from IPR2022-00032, Exhibit 2025
`Deposition of Rajeev Surati, Ph.D. (Dec. 1 & 2, 2022)
`
`Affidavit of Nathaniel E. Frank-White, Internet Archive (Dec. 12,
`2022)
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`Vll
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`IPR2022-00033
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`Petitioner's Reply
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`No.
`1091
`[NEW]
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`Exhibit Description
`Declaration of Jeffrey P. Kushan
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`IPR2022-00033
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`I.
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`Introduction
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`Petitioner’s Reply
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`Patent Owner’s replies to the grounds are based on misdirection and
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`mischaracterization of the claims and prior art. None have merit.
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`II. Claim Construction
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`Patentee’s constructions conflict with the claim language and intrinsic
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`record, and do not impart patentable distinctions into the claims.
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`A.
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`“Application View” [Claim 1]
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`Patentee contends “application view” means a “view that is distinct from the
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`map view, the first location view, and the second location view….” Response, 15.
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`But that conflicts with the specification, which uses “application view” to mean
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`any of a number of types of “Application Views.” As it states (EX1001, 9:18-22):
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`Similarly, at EX1001, 3:58-62:
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`1
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`IPR2022-00033
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`Petitioner’s Reply
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`The specification also describes navigating from any of the application
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`views to a particular one. EX1001, 21:50-52, 23:37-40, 24:5. These examples
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`align with the claim language, which specifies starting at any application view with
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`the recited elements and then displaying one type of Application View.
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`Patentee argues the use of different terms compels different meanings.
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`Response, 15-16. But reading “Application View” as a genus and “map view” as a
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`“species” satisfies that principle and is consistent with the specification.
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`Thus, “application view” means “a type of application view.”
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`B.
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`“Responsive To… Displaying” [Claims 3-4, 7, and 10]
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`Patentee contends “responsive to…displaying” should be construed as
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`requiring a cause-effect relationship between the claimed “click or tap” and the
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`corresponding display of “a [first/second] map image” or “[first/second] person
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`view….” Response, 20-22 (citing EX1001 2:64-65, 5:64-6:1). Its arguments
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`regarding prior art allege that this must occur without any intervening user
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`interaction. Resp. §§ VI.C.4., VI.D.3; Response, 19-24.
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`IPR2022-00033
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`Petitioner’s Reply
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`But Patentee’s expert disagreed—after analyzing analogous “responsive to
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`…” claim language in a related patent with the same disclosure1 he testified the
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`disclosed steps met that language even though intervening events occur between
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`the initial “selection” and the subsequent action. EX1089, 379:18-382:23. That
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`claim specified that a “slideshow” was “responsive to an input that is indicative of
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`a selection.” PGR2022-00006 (EX1001, 35:41-45). The corresponding
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`embodiment of that slideshow described a process where:
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`(i) when the user clicks a digital file in a first view, it displays a different
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`“Slideshow View” with a play icon (“0757”)2 and thumbnails (“0758”); and
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`(ii) the slideshow only starts when the user clicks an icon or thumbnail in
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`that different Slideshow view, not the digital file in the first view.3
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`1
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`EX1001 has the same disclosure as U.S. Patent No. 11,017,020. See,
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`EX1089, 287:15-19.
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`2
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`EX1001, 21:50-52, 21:60-65; 22:5-10; EX1089, 371:3-24, 368:22-371:4,
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`367:4-368:21.
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`3
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`EX1001, 22:5-12; EX1089, 374:14-375:1; also EX1089, 370:1-8:
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`IPR2022-00033
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`Petitioner’s Reply
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`A construction that excludes a preferred embodiment of an invention “is rarely, if
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`ever, correct….” Vitronics Corp. v. Conceptronic, Inc., 90 F.3d 1576, 1583
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`
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`(Fed.Cir. 1996).
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`Consequently, as understood by Patentee’s expert, an action (e.g., displaying
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`a view) can be “responsive to an input that is indicative of a selection” even if
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`there are intervening events (e.g., user interactions). That aligns with the plain
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`meaning of “responsive to an input indicative of a selection, causing [action]”
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`because the subsequent action is the ultimate consequence of the original input.
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`Petitioner requests the Board confirm that “responsive to … displaying”
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`encompasses methods that include intervening actions by a user to enable or that
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`are associated with the displaying action.
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`C.
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`“[First/Second]-Person-Location-Selectable Element” [Claims 8
`and 11]
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`4
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`IPR2022-00033
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`Petitioner’s Reply
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`Patentee attempts to import restrictions into the claim term “[first/second]-
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`person-location-selectable element,” contending “first” and “second” person-
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`location-selectable-elements must be distinct from one another. Response, 25-27.
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`Nothing in the claim language or disclosure supports doing that.
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`First, “person-location-selectable element is not used in the disclosure—it
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`appears only in claims 8 and 11. Second, unlike other types of “selectable elements”
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`referenced in claims 1, 5, and 7, there are no attributes or requirements identified in
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`claims 8 and 11 for the “first/second-person-location selectable element.” Third, the
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`only purpose this element is to cause display of “a representation of all locations
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`having a digital photograph or video associated with the first person.” EX1001,
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`36:66-37:2. Its appearance is thus irrelevant.
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`Patentee and its expert identify the “first/second-person-location selectable
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`element” as being a menu item titled “Locations” which is identical in multiple
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`views. Response, 25-27; EX2025, ¶¶150-151. If anything, this confirms the same
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`element can satisfy the claim when used in different views. The absence of any
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`description or claim language that illuminates any required characteristic of a
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`“first/second-person-location selectable element” further precludes reading any
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`restrictions into this term, much less a requirement that “first” and “second” versions
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`be “distinct elements.” If a construction of “[first/second]-person-location selectable
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`IPR2022-00033
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`Petitioner’s Reply
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`element” is necessary, its ordinary meaning should be used: “a location selectable
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`element in the [first/second] person view.”
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`III. Other Prior Art Challenges
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`None of Patentee’s other prior art challenges have merit. Response, 43-45;
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`EX1033, 1; EX1034, 1; EX1035, Cover-3; EX1040, 1.
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`First, the dates of EX1034 and EX1040 are consistent with Internet Archive
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`URL standards, about which Dr. Surati testified extensively. EX1089, 17:14-18:19,
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`48:7-10, 49:18-21, 169:15-170:13.
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`Second, EX1033 and EX1035 bear dates of 2009 and 2007.
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`Third, the ’376 Patent references Google Maps, confirming a skilled artisan
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`would be familiar with Google Maps API. See EX1001, Figs. 5, 41; EX1089,
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`221:23-222:19.
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`Fourth, the Board found a sufficient basis for combining A3UM and Belitz
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`without relying on any of these exhibits for reasonable expectation of success
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`(referencing Dr. Terveen’s use of EX1033 (Picasa) only to illustrate result of
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`combination, Paper 12 at 50 (citing EX1003, ¶¶126, 129)).
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`Finally, even if not prior art, “the Board can rely on evidence other than just
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`prior art” for some purposes. Yeda Rsch. & Dev. Co. v. Mylan Pharms. Inc., 906
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`F.3d 1031, 1041 (Fed. Cir. 2018).
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`IPR2022-00033
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`Petitioner’s Reply
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`IV. A3UM Is Prior Art
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`Facts no longer in dispute establish that, from February of 2010, skilled
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`artisans exercising reasonable diligence could locate and retrieve A3UM (EX1005)
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`from (i) apple.com (http://documentation.apple.com/en/aperture/usermanual/), (ii)
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`publicly distributed v3.0 Aperture 3 Installer DVDs (“Installer DVD”), and (iii)
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`local copies of Aperture 3 after installation. Petition, 12; EX1003, ¶¶ 70-104;
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`EX1020, ¶¶2-4.
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`First, A3UM was accessible via Apple’s website after February 9, 2010. In
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`contrast to Patentee’s theories why a skilled artisan might not have found A3UM
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`on Apple’s website (Response, 30), Mr. Birdsell testified that at least 100,000
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`individuals actually did access it between February and June of 2010, based on his
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`recollection of Apple analytical reports of “documentation.apple.com[.]” EX2026,
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`51:16-20, 54:6-22, 55:20-56:11; also EX1020 ¶7. He also recalled loading the
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`HTML file set that is A3UM onto a staging server on February 8, 2010, and
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`“within a few hours after publication” on February 9, 2010, he and his team
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`verified “the files were live and accessible to customers and that all the links
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`worked.” EX2026, 36:19-36:12, 36:21-37:25; 59:6-8; EX1020, ¶¶10-11. No
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`evidence contradicts this testimony.
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`IPR2022-00033
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`Petitioner's Reply
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`Second, A3UM existed in February 2010. Witnesses from both parties
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`testified it is located on and can be retrieved from (i) the Installer DVD and (ii) a
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`local copy of the Aperture application bundle after installation. EX1003, ,r,r75-94;
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`EX2001, ,rl08; EX2025, ,r118; EX2026, 25:19-24; EX1089, 139:20-140:1, 143:9-
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`13. Dr. Surati confirmed the Installer DVD
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`has creation-modification dates establishing
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`files on it necessarily existed before
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`February 2010. EX1089, 125:3-25;
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`EX1073, 1 (right).
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`Third, knowledge of the existence of
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` Aperture
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`A3UM cannot be disputed. Anyone who used Aperture 3 in February 2010 could
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`access and inspect A3UM using the Aperture help window. EX1003, ,r,r87-90;
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`EX1020, ,r12(b). The high volume of accesses of A3UM on Apple's website
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`confirms people were aware of A3UM starting in February 2010. Printed
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`documentation in the Aperture 3 retail box explains the Aperture 3 user manual is
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`on the computer after installation. EX1003, ,r99; EX1051, 7, 135, 159.
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`Fourth, the Installer DVD was publicly distributed starting in February of
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`2010. An array of evidence corroborates this, including (i) Apple's press release
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`(EXl048, 1), (ii) Mr. Birdsell's recollections about its release date, his activities
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`around that release date, and that he witnessed it for sale in Apple stores then
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`IPR2022-00033
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`Petitioner’s Reply
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`(EX1020, ¶¶5-7; EX2026, 59:10-60:10, 62:4-21), and (iii) webpages captured
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`between February and June 2010 reporting experiences of people using Aperture 3
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`( EX1044, 1; EX1045, 2; EX1077, 1; EX1089, 181:14-182:11, 192:2-7, 189:10-14,
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`170:6-13).
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`Skilled artisans thus knew of and could have retrieved A3UM starting in
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`February 2010.
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`A.
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`Patentee Responds with Implausible Theories, Not Evidence
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`Patent Owner first claims Petitioner “fails to proffer any evidence of actual
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`sales of the Aperture 3 product.” Response, 49. But actual sales are not required (In
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`re Klopfenstein, 380 F.3d at 1351) and Mr. Birdsell’s testimony is evidence (In re
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`Jolley, 308 F.3d 1317, 1328 (Fed. Cir. 2002); In re Apple Inc., 979 F.3d 1332,
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`1336 (Fed. Cir. 2020)). It also is reliable—he had clear recollections of relevant
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`facts and his testimony is corroborated by other evidence (e.g., reports of third
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`parties using Aperture 3 in webpages captured before June 2010). EX1044,
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`1;EX1045, 2; EX1077, 1; EX1089, 181:14-182:11, 192:2-7, 189:10-14, 170:6-13.
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`Patentee also disputes cases about numbers of copies that must distributed to
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`establish public availability. Response, 51-52. Those cases found numbers far
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`fewer than 100,000 copies were sufficient. Petition, 14 (“Cisco Sys., Inc. v.
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`Centripetal Networks, Inc., IPR2018-01436, Paper 40 at 23-31 (Jan. 23, 2020) (586
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`IPR2022-00033
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`Petitioner’s Reply
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`sales sufficient); Mass. Inst.of Tech. v. AB Fortia, 774 F.2d 1104, 1109 (Fed. Cir.
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`1985) (six copies sufficient)”).
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`Patentee also theorizes skilled persons might not have associated “Aperture”
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`with “photo management” and or could not find relevant Aperture 3 webpages on
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`apple.com in 2010. Response, 32-37. But it’s expert refuted those theories,
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`testifying: (i) skilled artisans could have found the Aperture 3 product page in 2010
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`by searching Google for generic terms like “photo editing and management
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`software” (EX1089, 203:22-204:24), (ii) searching for “Aperture support” would
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`locate the Aperture support webpage on apple.com (Id., 187:12-189:5) (iii) the
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`Aperture support page could be located with a Google search for “Aperture
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`support” (EX1089, 187:12-188:8; also EX1003, ¶100, Petition, 19), and (iv)
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`webpages before June 2010 associating “Aperture” with “photo management
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`software” would likely be found by Google searches (EX1089, 202:1-5, 203:12-21,
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`194:4-11, 169:15-170:13, 181:14-182:11, 192:2-7, EX1048, 1; EX1077, 1;
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`EX1044, 1; EX 1074, 1). He also confirmed some included direct links to
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`www.apple.com/aperture (EX1089, 206:23-207:7), EX1078, 1 (below):
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`IPR2022-00033
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`Petitioner’s Reply
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`Patentee contends navigating to the Aperture support page would be
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`burdensome. Response, 36-37. It was not—Dr. Surati and Dr. Terveen testified a
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`skilled artisan could locate A3UM on Aperture 3’s support page
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`(www.apple.com/support/aperture) with a few clicks (EX1089, 207:8-208:5;
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`EX1003, ¶101; EX1074, 4 (below)), precisely as Mr. Birdsell explained (EX1020,
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`¶18; EX2026, 67:13-69:11). Dr. Surati demonstrated this at his deposition,
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`reaching A3UM with three clicks. EX1089, 207:8-16, 186:8-13.
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`IPR2022-00033
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`Petitioner’s Reply
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`M & K Holdings, Inc. v. Samsung Elecs. Co., 985 F.3d 1376, 1381-82 (Fed. Cir.
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`2021). And Aperture 3 webpages would be found by searching “Aperture” using
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`apple.com’s search function. Voter Verified, Inc. v. Premier Election Sols., Inc.,
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`698 F.3d 1374, 1381 (Fed. Cir. 2012); Petition, 16-17; EX1020, ¶18; EX1003,
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`¶101.
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`Finally, skilled artisans would have known to look for “Aperture” on
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`apple.com because they would have been familiar with Apple and its products,
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`including Aperture 3, and would have known to search apple.com for Aperture
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`support information. CloudFlare, Inc. v. Sable Networks, Inc., No. IPR2021-
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`00909, Paper 42 at 41 (PTAB Oct. 18, 2022); EX1003, ¶101, EX1089, 188:9-16.
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`Patentee admits the link to the Aperture 3 product webpage was present for several
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`weeks in February 2010 (Response, 50; Petition, 13-17; EX1020, ¶17) which
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`IPR2022-00033
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`Petitioner’s Reply
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`would have informed many, given that apple.com was “probably” one of the most
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`visited websites on the planet then (EX1089, 188:9-16; EX1003, ¶101).
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`B. Dr. Surati’s Testimony Is Not Credible
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`Patentee, relying on Dr. Surati’s declaration, contends a skilled artisan could
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`not have found or retrieved A3UM from the installer DVD or the Aperture
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`application bundle after installation with reasonable effort. Response, 44. Dr.
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`Surati’s testimony is not reliable. As his deposition shows, he was unfamiliar with
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`how MacOS applications are organized and distributed, that their help files are
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`typically stored in the application bundle, and how to reveal hidden files. EX1089,
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`405:20-406:19; EX2025, ¶ 114-117. And despite confirming a skilled person
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`would have consulted Apple documentation or MacOS “how to” books if they had
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`questions, he did not. EX1089 44:2-14; 42:23-43:8, 36:2-11, 405:20-406:8. He did
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`not even review relevant passages in the single Apple guidance he did cite
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`(“AHIG”). EX2025, ¶106; EX2021, 33, 55, 85; EX1089, 406:13-19, 41:23-42:2,
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`42:23-43:8.
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`After reviewing such documentation4, Dr. Surati confirmed it teaches:
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`4
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`EX1089, 30:1-12; 42:23-44:14; EX1066, 316-320, EX1069, 73, 142;
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`EX1070, 3, 15-16, 20; EX1071, 5; EX1089, 58:17-59:12, 78:1-79:12, 87:7-20,
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`95:1-13, 36:2-11.
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`IPR2022-00033
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`Petitioner’s Reply
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`(i) MacOS applications exist as an “application bundle” with a
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`standardized folder structure having several standard subfolders
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`(EX2021, 33, 55, 85; EX1089, 57:2-17, 59:3-12 42:23-43:8; also
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`EX1003 ¶93);
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`(ii)
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`the standard “Resources” subfolder contains various files used by the
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`application other than executable code (EX2021, 85; EX1089, 59:13-
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`23);
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`(iii)
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`the “Resources” subfolder is where help content is found that
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`“typically consists of a set of HTML files” and HTML files in the
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`application bundle can be opened “using an external application, such
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`as … Safari” (EX1071, 5-6; EX1089, 97:9-13, 98:5-11; also EX1003,
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`¶¶93-94);
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`(iv) MacOS application bundles are distributed to users in installer
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`packages on disk images (EX1066, 316-320, EX1069, 73, 142;
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`EX2021, 86-88);
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`(v) when installer packages are double clicked, they launch the Installer
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`program that copies the application bundle and related files to a user’s
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`computer (EX1069, 142; EX1089, 76:7-16, 54:21-55:6); and
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`IPR2022-00033
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`Petitioner’s Reply
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`(vi)
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`the contents of installer packages and application bundles can be
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`inspected using a “Show Contents” command. (EX1069, 142;
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`EX1070, 3-4; EX1089, 80:5-15, 86:16-23)
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`Thus, a skilled artisan who took even the most basic steps to familiarize
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`himself with how MacOS applications are organized and distributed would have
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`known where to look for HTML help files (e.g., A3UM) in the Aperture 3
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`application bundle (i.e., in the “Resources” folder) and how to retrieve them from
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`(i) the Installer DVD and (ii) after installation, the local copy of the Aperture 3
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`application bundle. EX1003, ¶93-94; EX2025, ¶118; EX1089, 44:2-14, 42:23-
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`43:8, 36:2-11, 407:20-408:8.
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`Indeed, at his deposition, Dr. Surati analogized locating A3UM within the
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`Installer DVD to finding a book in a library. EX1089, 409:8-19.
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`C. A3UM Can Be Retrieved from the Installer DVD
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`A skilled artisan asked to investigate what was on the v3.0 Aperture 3
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`Installer Disk would start by inserting it into a Macintosh. When Dr. Surati did
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`that, he reported seeing the window below (EX2025, ¶¶114, EX2001, ¶108):
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`IPR2022-00033
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`Petitioner’s Reply
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`The artisan would expect a MacOS Installer DVD to contain installer
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`packages (files ending with “.pkg” or “.mpkg.”). EX1066, 316; EX1089, 131:23-
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`132:10. Not seeing any, she might inspect the “Install Aperture file,” which reveals
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`it is an alias to a hidden meta-installation package file called “Aperture.mpkg”.
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`EX1089, 127:3-8; EX1073, 3 (below).
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`The artisan would know Unix (EX1089, 16:4-14) and that MacOS is based
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`on Unix (EX1089, 71:23-72:8), so if she did not how to show hidden files in
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`MacOS, she could display them in the Terminal by typing “ls -l -a”. That
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`command lists hidden files and directories even if MacOS is not showing hidden
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`files. EX1069, 112; EX1089, 72:21-24, 73:18-74:4, 108:18-21; EX1073, 6
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`(below); EX1084, EX1085.
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`IPR2022-00033
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`Petitioner’s Reply
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`The artisan also could lookup how to show hidden files in MacOS, which
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`would take ~10 minutes. EX1066, 400; EX1089, 135:16-21, 136:24-137:3.
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`Dr. Surati testified the artisan also could have identified which of the ten
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`installer packages on the Installer DVD contained the Aperture 3 application
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`bundle by its name and properties: it has the filename “aperture.pkg” and a
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`sufficient size. EX1089, 141:25-142:20; EX1073, 5 (below):
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`IPR2022-00033
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`Petitioner’s Reply
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`The artisan also would know to inspect installer package contents—right-clicking
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`and selecting “Show Package Contents.” EX1089, 86:16-87:5, 100:17-101:2,
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`EX1003, ¶79. From there, she would need only a couple steps to locate, copy and
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`decompress the Unix gz file containing the Aperture application bundle (i.e.,
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`“Archive.pax.gz”), as Dr. Terveen demonstrated and Dr. Surati confirmed.
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`EX1003, ¶¶79-80; EX2025, ¶118; EX1089, 64:6-65:2.
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`The artisan would expect an application’s help files in HTML format would
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`be in the Resources subfolder of the application bundle and could be opened with a
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`web browser. EX1070, 15-16, EX1071, 5-6; EX1089, 89:10-14, 97:9-13, 98:5-11;
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`EX1003, ¶¶80-83, 93. Consistent with that, Dr. Terveen reported that A3UM was
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`IPR2022-00033
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`Petitioner’s Reply
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`in the “usermanual” subfolder within the Resources subfolder and its contents
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`could be viewed with a web browser. EX1003, ¶¶81, 90-91.
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`D. A3UM Is Accessible After Installation
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`Patentee can’t dispute that installing Aperture 3 from the v3.0 Aperture
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`Installer DVD is trivial or that it copies A3UM to the user’s computer. EX1003,
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`¶¶ 80-85, 91-98; EX1020, ¶¶12, 14; EX2026, 25:19