Photo sharing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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`Photo sharing
`
`From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
`
`This article needs additional citations for verification.
`Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced
`material may be challenged and removed. (April 2009)
`
`Photo sharing is the publishing or transfer of a user's digital photos online, thus enabling the user to
`share them with others (publicly or privately). This function is provided through both websites and
`applications that facilitate the upload and display of images. The term can also be loosely applied to the
`use of online photo galleries that are set up and managed by individual users, including photoblogs.
`The first photo sharing sites originated during the mid to late 1990s primarily from services providing
`online ordering of prints (photo finishing), but many more came into being during the early 2000s with
`the goal of providing permanent and centralized access to a user's photos, and in some cases video
`clips too. Webshots, SmugMug, Yahoo! Photos and Flickr were among the first. This has resulted in
`different approaches to revenue generation and functionality among providers.
`While photoblogs tend only to display a chronological view of user-selected medium-sized photos, most
`photo sharing sites provide multiple views (such as thumbnails and slideshows), the ability to classify
`photos into albums, as well as add annotations (such as captions or tags) and comments. Some photo
`sharing sites, even small ones with only a few million photos, provide complete online organization tools
`equivalent to desktop photo management applications.
`Desktop photo management applications may include their own photo-sharing features or integration
`with sites for uploading images to them. There are also desktop applications whose sole function is
`sharing photos, generally using peer-to-peer networking. Basic photo sharing functionality can be found
`in applications that allow you to email photos, for example by dragging and dropping them into pre-
`designed templates.
`Photo sharing is not confined to the web and personal computers, but is also possible from portable
`devices such as camera phones, using applications that can automatically transfer photos as you take
`them, to photo sharing sites and photoblogs, either directly or via MMS. Some cameras now come
`equipped with wireless networking and similar sharing functionality themselves.
`
`Contents
`1 Revenue models
`2 Online photo finishing
`3 Subscription-based photo sharing
`4 Peer-to-peer photo sharing
`5 Peer-to-server photo sharing
`6 Peer-to-browser photo sharing
`7 Web photo album generators
`8 Privacy and security
`9 Photos classification
`10 Online photo sharing websites
`11 See also
`12 References
`
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`Photo sharing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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`[edit]
`
`Revenue models
`Photo sharing sites can be broadly broken up into two groups: sites that offer photo sharing for free and
`sites that charge consumers directly to host and share photos.
`Of the sites that offer free photo sharing, most can be broken up into advertising-supported media plays
`and online photo finishing sites, where photo sharing is a vehicle to sell prints or other merchandise.
`Paid sites typically offer subscription-based services directly to consumers and dispense with
`advertisements and sometimes the sale of other goods.
`These designations are not hard and fast and some subscription sites have a limited free version.
`Consumers can share their photos directly from their home computers over high speed connections
`through peer-to-peer photo sharing using applications. Peer-to-peer photo sharing often carries a small
`one-time cost for the software. Some sites allow you to post your pictures online and they will then
`project the image onto famous buildings during special events, while other sites let you insert photos
`into digital postcards, slide shows and photo albums and send them to others.
`Some free sites are owned by camera manufacturers, and only accept photos made with their
`hardware.
`Online photo finishing
`Because printing at home for consumers is potentially time consuming, costly, or low quality, a number
`of providers offer the ability to create high quality prints from digital photos, on photographic paper.
`Typically the customer uploads their digital photos to the site and then orders prints and gifts which are
`then delivered by mail. To facilitate the sale of prints and gifts to family and friends, these sites typically
`offer a limited form of photo sharing. Because the primary revenue model is to sell the consumer back
`their digital information in the form of prints and gifts, the online albums typically do not allow friends
`and family to download the full size original images, and the images may be deleted if no purchases are
`made. Nevertheless, because the primary revenue model of the printing sites is to sell prints and gifts,
`the photo sharing service is free and hence attractive to many consumers.
`Subscription-based photo sharing
`In return for a fee, subscription-based photo sharing sites offer their services without the distraction of
`advertisements or promotions for prints and gifts. They may also have other enhancements over free
`services, such as guarantees regarding the online availability of photos, more storage space, the ability
`for non-account holders to download full-size, original versions of photos, and tools for backing up
`photos. Some offer user photographs for sale, splitting the proceeds with the photographer, while others
`may use a disclaimer to reserve the right to use or sell the photos without giving the photographer
`royalties or notice.
`From the turn of the 21st century, some sites began integrating video sharing as well.
`
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`Peer-to-peer photo sharing
`With the introduction of high speed (broadband) connections directly to homes, it is feasible to share
`pictures and movies without going through a central service. The advantages of peer-to-peer sharing
`are reduced hosting costs and no loss of control to a central service. The downsides are that the
`consumer does not get the benefit of off-site backup; consumer Internet Service Providers (ISPs) often
`prohibit the serving of content both by contract and through the implementation of network filtering, and
`there are few quality guarantees for recipients. However, there are typically no direct consumer costs
`beyond the purchase of the initial software, provided the consumer already has a computer with the
`photos at home on a high speed connection. Applications like Tonido photos provide peer-to-peer photo
`
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`Photo sharing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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`sharing.
`
`Peer-to-server photo sharing
`While peer-to-peer solutions operate without a central server this can create problems since some
`users do not leave their computers online and connected all the time. Using an always-on server like
`Windows Home Server which acts as an intermediate point, it is possible to share photos peer-to-peer
`with the reliability and security of a central server. Photos are securely stored behind a firewall on the
`Windows Home Server and can be accessed only by those with appropriate permissions.
`
`[edit]
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`[edit]
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`Peer-to-browser photo sharing
`A variation on the peer-to-peer model is peer-to-browser, whereby images are shared on one PC with
`the use of a local (on the host computer) software service (much like peer-to-peer) but made available
`to the viewer through a standard web browser. Technically speaking, this may still be described as
`peer-to-peer (with the second peer being a web browser) but it is characteristically different as it
`assumes no need to download peer software for the viewer. Photos are accessed by regular URLs that
`standard web browsers understand natively without any further software required. Consequently,
`photos shared in this way are accessible not only to users who have downloaded the correct peer
`software (compatible with the software in use by the sharer).
`Peer-to-browser sharing has (similar to peer-to-peer) reduced hosting costs, no loss of control to a
`central service, and no waiting for files to upload to the central service. Furthermore, universal web
`browser access to shared files makes them more widely accessible and available for use in different
`ways, such as embedding in, or linking to, from within web pages. As with peer-to-peer, the downsides
`are lack of off-site backup, possible inhibition by some ISPs, and limitations in speed of serving.
`Web photo album generators
`See also: Comparison of photo gallery software
`Software can be found on the internet to generate your own photo albums, usually to share photos on
`the web, using a home web server. In general, this is for advanced users that want to have better
`control over the look and feel of their web albums and the actual servers they are going to run on.
`
`[edit]
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`Privacy and security
`Online theft and photo fraud have become major issues in the photo sharing market. The US Ad
`Council recently created an advertising campaign[1] to warn users of the dangers of posting personal
`photos to public websites.
`
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`Photos classification
`Photo sharing sites [2] usually propose several ways to classify images. Most sites propose at least a
`taxonomy where images can be grouped within a directory-like structure in so-called "galleries". Some
`sites also allow users to classify images using tags to build a folksonomy. Depending on the restrictions
`on the set of users allowed to tag a single document and the set of tags available to describe the
`document, one speaks about narrow and broad folksonomies.[3] A folksonomy is broad when there is
`no restriction on the set of taggers and available tags. When there are limitations, the folksonomy is
`called narrow. Another mechanism is coupling taxonomy and folksonomy, where tags associated to
`galleries and artists are cascaded to the galleries and artist's pictures. Broad taxonomies have
`interesting properties like the power law.[4]
`Some sites including Panoramio and Wikimedia Commons show their geocoded photographs on a
`map, helping the user find pictures of the same or nearby objects from different directions.
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`Photo sharing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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`Online photo sharing websites
`Kodak Gallery
`KoodibooK
`Mejuba
`Mobile Me
`Panoramio
`Phanfare
`Photobucket
`Picasa
`Piczo.com
`
`BlueMelon
`Flickr
`Fotki
`Imageshack
`Imgur
`Interartcenter
`ipernity
`Jalbum
`
`See also
`Comparison of photo gallery software
`Digital photo frame
`File sharing
`Image hosting service
`List of photo sharing websites
`Online file storage
`
`SmugMug
`Snapfish
`Shutterfly
`Webshots
`Wikimedia Commons[5]
`Windows Live Photos
`Woophy
`Zooomr
`
`[edit]
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`[edit]
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`References
`1. ^ advertising campaign
`2. ^ Brown, F. (2007). "Metadata Goes Mainstream — about online photo galleries and the lessons we
`can learn."
`3. ^ Vanderwal, T. (2005). "Explaining and Showing Broad and Narrow Folksonomies
`4. ^ Pietro Speroni (2005). "On Tag Clouds, Metric, Tag Sets and Power Laws
`."
`5. ^ http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Project_scope
`
`."
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`[edit]
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`v · d · e
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`Technical terms
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`Photography
`Angle of view · Aperture · Chromatic Aberration · Circle of confusion ·
`Color temperature · Depth of field · Depth of focus · Exposure ·
`Exposure compensation · Exposure value · F-number · Film format · Film speed ·
`Focal length · Guide number · Hyperfocal distance · Metering mode ·
`Perspective distortion · Photograph · Photographic printing · Photographic processes ·
`Reciprocity · Red-eye effect · Science of photography · Shutter speed · Sync ·
`Zone System
`Aerial · Black-and-white · Commercial · Cloudscape · Documentary · Erotic · Fashion ·
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`Photogram (Kirlian) · Print toning · Rephotography · Rollout · Sabatier Effect ·
`Stereoscopy · Stopping down · Sun printing · Tilt-shift · Time-lapse · Ultraviolet ·
`Vignetting
`Composition Diagonal Method · Framing · Geometry and symmetry · Headroom · Lead room ·
`Rule of thirds · Simplicity
`Camera (Pinhole · Rangefinder · SLR · Still · TLR · Toy · View) · Darkroom (Enlarger ·
`Safelight) · Film (Base · Format · Holder · Stock) · Filter · Flash (Beauty dish ·
`Cucoloris · Gobo · Grid · Monolight · Snoot · Softbox · Umbrella · Wireless sync) ·
`Lens · Manufacturers · Movie projector · Slide projector · Tripod · Tripod head ·
`Zone plate
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`Genres
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`Techniques
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`Equipment
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`Photo sharing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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`History
`
`Digital photography
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`Analog photography · Autochrome Lumière · Box camera · Calotype ·
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`Categories: Photo sharing
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`This page was last modified on 4 May 2011 at 10:55.
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`https://web.archive.org/web/20110506092919/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo_sharing[8/22/2021 8:04:20 AM]
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`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1030, p. 5
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