Standard of Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association
`
`JEITA CP-3451
`
`Exchangeable image file format
`for digital still cameras:
`Exif Version 2.2
`
`Established in April, 2002
`
`Prepared by
`
`Technical Standardization Committee on AV & IT Storage Systems and Equipment
`
`Published by
`
`Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1036, p. Cover
`
`

`

`JEITA CP-3451
`
`Windows™ is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and
`elsewhere. Flashpix™ is a registered trademark of I3A(International Imaging Industry
`Association).
`
`Translation without guarantee in the event of any doubt arising, the original standard in
`Japanese is to be evidence.
`
`.
`
`JEITA standard are established independently to any existing patents on the products, materials
`or processes they cover.
`JEITA assumes absolutely no responsibility toward parties applying these standards or toward
`patent owners.
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1036, p. Cover-2
`
`

`

`Contents
`
`1. Scope ...............................................................................................................................................................1
`2. Definition of Terms............................................................................................................................................1
`3. General.............................................................................................................................................................1
`3.1. Format Structure .......................................................................................................................................1
`3.2. Exif Image File Specification.....................................................................................................................2
`3.3. Exif Audio File Specification......................................................................................................................2
`3.4. Relation between Image and Audio File Specification..............................................................................3
`3.5. Presupposed Systems and Compatibility .................................................................................................3
`4. Exif Image File Specification ............................................................................................................................4
`4.1. Outline of the Exif Image File Specification ..............................................................................................4
`4.2. Format Version..........................................................................................................................................4
`4.3. Definition of Glossary................................................................................................................................4
`4.4. Specifications Relating to Image Data......................................................................................................5
`4.4.1. Number of Pixels................................................................................................................................5
`4.4.2. Pixel Aspect .......................................................................................................................................5
`4.4.3. Pixel Composition and Sampling.......................................................................................................5
`4.4.4.
`Image Data Arrangement ..................................................................................................................7
`4.5. Basic Structure of Image Data..................................................................................................................8
`4.5.1. Basic Structure of Primary Image Data .............................................................................................8
`4.5.2. Basic Structure of Uncompressed RGB Data....................................................................................8
`4.5.3. Basic Structure of YCbCr Uncompressed Data...............................................................................10
`4.5.4. Basic Structure of JPEG Compressed Data....................................................................................11
`4.5.5. Basic Structure of Thumbnail Data..................................................................................................12
`4.6. Tags.........................................................................................................................................................13
`4.6.1. Features of Attribute Information .....................................................................................................13
`4.6.2.
`IFD Structure....................................................................................................................................13
`4.6.3. Exif-specific IFD...............................................................................................................................15
`4.6.4. TIFF Rev. 6.0 Attribute Information..................................................................................................16
`4.6.5. Exif IFD Attribute Information...........................................................................................................24
`4.6.6. GPS Attribute Information................................................................................................................46
`4.6.7.
`Interoperability IFD Attribute Information.........................................................................................53
`4.6.8. Tag Support Levels ..........................................................................................................................54
`4.7.
`JPEG Marker Segments Used in Exif.....................................................................................................58
`4.7.1.
`JPEG Marker Segments ..................................................................................................................58
`4.7.2.
`Interoperability Structure of APP1 in Compressed Data .................................................................64
`
`(1)
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1036, p. i
`
`

`

`JEITA CP-3451
`
`Interoperability Structure of APP2 in Compressed Data................................................................. 65
`4.7.3.
`4.8. Data Description..................................................................................................................................... 68
`4.8.1. Stipulations on Compressed Image Size ........................................................................................ 68
`4.8.2. Stipulations on Thumbnails ............................................................................................................. 71
`4.8.3. File Name Stipulations .................................................................................................................... 71
`4.8.4. Byte Order Stipulations ................................................................................................................... 71
`5. Exif Audio File Specification .......................................................................................................................... 72
`5.1. Outline of the Exif Audio File Specification ............................................................................................ 72
`5.2. Format Version ....................................................................................................................................... 72
`5.3. Definition of Terms.................................................................................................................................. 72
`5.4. Specifications Relating to Audio Data .................................................................................................... 74
`5.4.1. Sampling Frequency ....................................................................................................................... 74
`5.4.2. Bit Size ............................................................................................................................................ 74
`5.4.3. Channels ......................................................................................................................................... 74
`5.4.4. Compression Schemes ................................................................................................................... 74
`5.5. Basic Structure of Audio Data ................................................................................................................ 74
`5.5.1. Basic Structure of WAVE Form Audio Files .................................................................................... 74
`5.5.2. Basic Structure of PCM Audio Data................................................................................................ 80
`5.5.3. Basic Structure of µ-Law Audio Data .............................................................................................. 83
`5.5.4. Basic Structure of IMA-ADPCM Audio Data ................................................................................... 84
`5.6. Chunks Used.......................................................................................................................................... 88
`5.6.1. WAVE Form Audio File Basic Chunks ............................................................................................ 88
`5.6.2.
`LIST Chunk and INFO List .............................................................................................................. 89
`5.6.3. Chunks for Attribute Information Specific to Exif Audio Files.......................................................... 93
`5.7. Data Description..................................................................................................................................... 97
`5.7.1. File Naming Stipulation ................................................................................................................... 97
`5.7.2. Typical Exif Audio File ..................................................................................................................... 97
`Normative References ........................................................................................................................................ 100
`Annex A
`Image File Description Examples ..................................................................................................... 101
`A.1 Uncompressed RGB File...................................................................................................................... 101
`A.2 Uncompressed YCbCr File................................................................................................................... 104
`A.3
`JPEG Compressed (4:2:2) File ............................................................................................................ 108
`A.4
`JPEG Compressed (4:2:0) File .............................................................................................................112
`Annex B
`Audio File Description Examples ...................................................................................................116
`B.1 PCM Audio Data....................................................................................................................................116
`B.2
`µ-Law Audio Data..................................................................................................................................118
`B.3
`IMA-ADPCM Audio Data ...................................................................................................................... 120
`
`(2)
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1036, p. ii
`
`

`

`APEX Units ....................................................................................................................................122
`Annex C
`Recommended Implementation Examples....................................................................................123
`Annex D
`Color Space Guidelines .................................................................................................................124
`Annex E
`Annex F Notes on Conversion to Flashpix ......................................................................................................125
`F.1 Converting Image Data .........................................................................................................................126
`F.2 Converting Tag Data .............................................................................................................................128
`F.3 Converting to Flashpix Extensions (APP2)...........................................................................................131
`Explication of Exchangeable image file format for digital still cameras: Exif Version 2.2 ...................................133
`
`(3)
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1036, p. iii
`
`

`

`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1036, p. iv
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1036, p. iv
`
`

`

`Standard of Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association
`
`JEITA CP-3451
`
`Exchangeable image file format for digital still cameras: Exif Version 2.2
`
`1 Scope
`
`This standard specifies the formats to be used for images, sound and tags in digital still cameras and in other
`systems handling the image and sound files recorded by digital still cameras.
`
`NOTE−Reference documents that are indispensable for this standard are listed as Normative References in this
`document.
`
`2 Definition of Terms
`
`(1) Primary image
`
`The main image data
`
`(2) Thumbnail
`
`A small image used to index the primary image.
`
`(3) Compressed data
`
`Data referred to in the JPEG standard as "entropy coded data."
`
`(4) Exif
`
`(5) writer
`
`(6)
`
`reader
`
`An abbreviation of Exchangeable image file format, used here as the general term for
`this standard and earlier versions of this standard.
`
`A digital still camera (DSC) or other device or application software that can output an
`Exif file.
`
`A device, such as a printer with memory card slot, capable of directly reading an Exif
`file and printing or performing other output processing, as well as application software
`that uses Exif tags to perform image processing for output.
`
`(7)
`
`(8)
`
`tag
`
`A field recording ancillary data about an image.
`
`tag information
`
`A description of the tag contents.
`
`3 General
`
`3.1 Format Structure
`This standard consists of the Exif image file specification and the Exif audio file specification (see Figure 1). The
`recording medium specification shall conform to the standard for the particular medium used and is not specified
`here. Recommendations on implementation are given in Annex D for directory and file naming.
`
`Exif image file specification
`
`Exif audio file specification
`
`Recording medium specification
`
`Figure 1 Format structure
`
`- 1 -
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1036, p. 1
`
`

`

`JEITA CP-3451
`3.2 Exif Image File Specification
`The Exif image file specification stipulates the method of recording image data in files, and specifies the following
`items:
`
`• Structure of image data files,
`
`• Tags used by this standard,
`
`• Definition and management of format versions.
`
`Features of the Exif image file specification include the following.
`
`The file-recording format is based on existing formats. Compressed files are recorded as JPEG (ISO/IEC 10918-1)
`with application marker segments (APP1 and APP2) inserted. Uncompressed files are recorded in TIFF Rev. 6.0
`format. The use of existing formats means files recorded using a DSC or related system can be read directly by
`commercial applications, and makes possible the use of functions for viewing and manipulating the images.
`
`Related attribute information for both compressed and uncompressed files is stored in the tag information format
`defined in TIFF Rev. 6.0. Information specific to the camera system and not defined in TIFF is stored in private tags
`registered for Exif. The Exif image file specification also specifies the method for recording thumbnails. The reason
`for using the TIFF Rev. 6.0 tag format in the compressed file APP1 segment is to facilitate exchange of attribute
`data between Exif compressed and uncompressed files.
`
`Compressed files can record extended data exceeding 64 Kbytes by dividing it into multiple APP2 segments. The
`APP2 segment is used when recording Flashpix extensions.
`
`Details of the Exif image file specification are given in Chapter 4 of this document.
`
`3.3 Exif Audio File Specification
`The Exif audio file specification stipulates the method of writing audio data in files, and specifies the following items:
`
`• Structure of audio data files,
`
`• Chunks,
`
`• Definition and management of format versions.
`
`Features of the Exif audio file specification include the following.
`
`Files are recorded using the existing RIFF WAVE Form Audio File format. As data formats, PCM and µ-Law PCM
`(conforming to ITU-T G.711) are used for uncompressed audio data, and IMA-ADPCM for compressed audio data.
`As with the image files specification, the aim is to enable direct reading, playback and manipulation of the files
`using the functions in commercial applications.
`
`Related attribute information is stored as an INFO list in the case of general attributes, and as Exif-specific chunks
`in the case of attributes specific to Exif. The Exif-specific chunks are newly provided to enable necessary
`information to be added by making use of chunk extensibility. The recording of data in an Exif-specific chunk is
`done in the same way as for an INFO list.
`
`Details of the Exif audio file specification are given in Chapter 5 of this document.
`
`
`
`
`- 2 -
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1036, p. 2
`
`

`

`3.4 Relation between Image and Audio File Specification
`This standard includes specifications not only for an image file format but also for an audio file format enabling the
`recording of audio as a supplementary function.
`
`JEITA CP-3451
`
`Also specified in this standard is the relational information indicating the relation between image files and audio
`files.
`
`Mapping between image files and audio files can be done in various ways; but the Exif standard specifies only the
`simplest mapping, with others left up to the implementation.
`
`3.5 Presupposed Systems and Compatibility
`The image systems presupposed by this standard consist of three elements as follows:
`
`• Equipment:
`
` Imaging devices such as cameras, printers and filing equipment,
`
`• Commercial software: Off-the-shelf image processing software running on personal computers,
`
`• Specialized software: Dedicated (system-specific) image processing software running on personal computers.
`
`Image file compatibility on these systems is achieved as follows. The DSC or other system writes data to files in the
`format specified in this standard. A basic condition of equipment with a playback function is that it be able to read
`the files it recorded itself. In a personal computer environment, the basic requirement is that dedicated software be
`able to read all the images, audio and attribute information recorded in conformance with this standard (see Figure
`2).
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Exif FormatExif Format
`
`Exif Equipment 1 Exif Equipment 2Exif Equipment 1 Exif Equipment 2
`
`
`
`Exif Specialized SoftwareExif Specialized Software
`
`
`
`ConversionConversion
`
`
`Other formatsOther formats
`
`(Flashpix)(Flashpix)
`
`
`
`Commercial SoftwareCommercial Software
`
`Figure 2 Compatibility Concepts
`
`
`
`Writing RangeWriting Range
`
`
`
`Reading RangeReading Range
`
`
`
`- 3 -
`
`
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1036, p. 3
`
`

`

`JEITA CP-3451
`
`4 Exif Image File Specification
`
`4.1 Outline of the Exif Image File Specification
`This chapter gives details of the image file specification, covering the following items:
`
`• Format version definition,
`
`• Specifications relating to image data,
`
`• Basic structure of image data,
`
`• Tags,
`
`• JPEG marker segments,
`
`• Specifications on data recording.
`
`4.2 Format Version
`The version of the format specified here is recorded as 4 bytes (see section 4.6.5). The address bytes are recorded
`as A1, A2, B1, and B2, starting with the lowest number. A1 and A2 store the upper part of the standard version,
`with the lower part stored in B1 and B2. When changes are made to the version number of this standard, the
`following rules apply.
`
`• When the changes are such that data readers can properly recognize conventional information and skip the
`data that was recorded using newly added functions, the lower part of the version (B1, B2) is changed.
`
`• When there is a possibility that a data reader implementing the old standard may operate incorrectly due to the
`new specifications, the upper part of the version (A1, A2) is changed.
`
`Players should be able to play back files of versions earlier than the supported standard.
`
`4.3 Definition of Glossary
`Terms and notation are used as follows in this standard:
`
`•
`
`•
`
`"Tag" is used as a synonym of "field",
`
`".H" appended to a numerical value means it is hexadecimal notation,
`
`• Unless otherwise indicated, other numerical values are given in decimal notation,
`
`• The initial IFD in a file is the "0th IFD," with the next IFD being called the 1st IFD,
`
`
`
`- 4 -
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1036, p. 4
`
`

`

`4.4 Specifications Relating to Image Data
`
`JEITA CP-3451
`
`4.4.1 Number of Pixels
`There is no limit on number of pixels of the primary image when it is recorded as either uncompressed or JPEG
`compressed data. Note that when recording as JPEG compressed data images for which the number of lines
`(ImageLength) or number of samples/line (ImageWidth) is not a multiple of 8 or 16, the method of recording is as
`stipulated in section 4.8.1. The above specification applies similarly to thumbnails.
`
`4.4.2 Pixel Aspect
`Image data is recorded as square pixels with a pixel aspect ratio of 1:1. This specification is applied similarly to
`thumbnails.
`
`4.4.3 Pixel Composition and Sampling
`The combination of pixel composition and pixel sampling for image data shall be RGB 4:4:4 and either Y:Cb:Cr =
`4:2:2 or Y:Cb:Cr = 4:2:0. The pixel composition of image data shall also be 8 bits each. This specification is applied
`similarly to thumbnails.
`
`As sampling points on the elements making up pixels, the Y and Cb,Cr sampling points may be either co-sited or
`centered. Figure 3 shows typical pixel sampling for image width w and height h. In the case of Y:Cb:Cr = 4:2:2,
`spatial co-siting is recommended for the sake of improved image quality on TV systems. For Y:Cb:Cr = 4:2:0,
`spatial centering is recommended as per the TIFF default and is most common format of the personal computer
`applications.
`
`
`
`
`
`- 5 -
`
`
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1036, p. 5
`
`

`

`0
`
`1 2 3
`
`w-2
`
`w-1
`
`R,G,B
`
`1) RGB 4:4:4
`
`0
`
`1
`
`w/2-1
`
`012
`
`3
`
`h-2
`h-1
`
`0
`
`1 2 3
`
`w-2
`
`w-1
`
`Y
`
`2) YCbCr 4:2:2 (Co-sited)
`
`Cb, Cr
`
`0
`
`1
`
`w/2-1
`
`012
`
`3
`
`h-2
`h-1
`
`0
`
`1 2 3
`
`w-2
`
`w-1
`
`Y
`
`3) YCbCr 4:2:2 (Centered)
`
`Cb, Cr
`
`0
`
`1
`
`w/2-1
`
`0 1
`
`h/2-1
`
`0
`
`1 2 3
`
`w-2
`
`w-1
`
`Y
`
`0
`
`1 2 3
`
`Cb, Cr
`
`4) YCbCr 4:2:0 (Co-sited)
`w-1
`w-2
`0
`
`1
`
`w/2-1
`
`0 1
`
`h/2-1
`
`Y
`
`5) YCbCr 4:2:0 (Centered)
`
`Cb, Cr
`
`Figure 3 Pixel Composition and Pixel Sampling
`
`012
`
`3
`
`h-2
`h-1
`
`012
`
`3
`
`h-2
`h-1
`
`012
`
`3
`
`h-2
`h-1
`
`012
`
`3
`
`h-2
`h-1
`
`012
`
`3
`
`h-2
`h-1
`
`JEITA CP-3451
`
`
`
`- 6 -
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1036, p. 6
`
`

`

`
`
`JEITA CP-3451
`
`Image Data Arrangement
`4.4.4
`Image data shall be arranged as follows. Uncompressed data shall consist of pixels with each line traced from left
`to right, and one screen shall consist of lines traced from top to bottom. JPEG compressed data shall consist of
`blocks configured of pixels traced in similar sequence. Figure 4 shows the various data arrangements for recording
`in files images with pixels of width w and height h.
`
`
`
`R[0,0]
`
`G[0,0]
`
`...........
`
`R[w-2,h-2]
`
`B[0,0]
`R[1,0]
`G[1,0]
`...............................................................................
`G [w-2,h-2]
`B [w-2,h-2]
`R[w-1,h-1]
`G[w-1,h-1]
`1) Uncompressed RGB Chunky (4:4:4)
`
`B[1,0]
`
`...........
`
`B[w-1,h-1]
`
`R[0,0]
`G[0,0]
`B[0,0]
`
`R[1,0]
`G[1,0]
`B[1,0]
`
`..........................................
`..........................................
`..........................................
`2) Uncompressed RGB Planar (4:4:4)
`
`R[w-1,h-1]
`G[w-1,h-1]
`B[w-1,h-1]
`
`Y[0,0]
`
`Y[1,0]
`
`Cb[0,0]
`Cr[0,0]
`Y[2,0]
`...............................................................................
`........ Cb[w/2-2,h/2-1] Cr [w/2-2,h/2-1]
`Y[w-2,h-1]
`Y[w-1,h-1]
`Cb[w/2-1,h/2-1] Cr[w/2-1,h/2-1]
`3) Uncompressed YCbCr Chunky (4:2:2)
`
`Y[3,0]
`
`...........
`
`Y[0,0]
`
`Y[1,0]
`
`...........
`
`Y[w-2,h-2]
`
`Y[0,1]
`Y[1,1]
`Cb[0,0]
`...............................................................................
`Y[w-1,h-2]
`Y[w-2,h-1]
`Y[w-1,h-1]
`Cb[w/2-1,h/2-1] Cr[w/2-1,h/2-1]
`4) Uncompressed YCbCr Chunky (4:2:0)
`
`...........
`
`Cr[0,0]
`
`Y block
`[0,0]
`
`Y block
`[1,0]
`
`Cb block
`[0,0]
`
`Cr block
`[0,0]
`
`Y block
`[2,0]
`
`Y block
`[3,0]
`
`...........
`
`...............................................................................
`
`...........
`
`Cb block
`[w/16-2,h/8-1]
`
`Cr block
`[w/16-2,h/8-1]
`
`Y block
`[w/8-2,h/8-1]
`
`Y block
`[w/8-1,h/8-1]
`
`Cb block
`[w/16-1,h/8-1]
`
`Cr block
`[w/16-1,h/8-1]
`
`5) Compresed JPEG Block-Interleave (4:2:2)
`
`Y block
`[0,0]
`
`Y block
`[1,0]
`
`Y block
`[0,1]
`
`Y block
`[1,1]
`
`Cb block
`[0,0]
`
`Cr block
`[0,0]
`
`...........
`
`...............................................................................
`
`...........
`
`Y block
`[w/8-2,h/8-2]
`
`Y block
`Y block
`Cb block
`Y block
`[w/8-1,h/8-2]
`[w/8-2,h/8-1]
`[w/8-1,h/8-1]
`[w/16-1,h/16-1]
`6) Compressed JPEG Block-Interleave (4:2:0)
`
`Cr block
`[w/16-1,h/16-1]
`
`Figure 4 Data Arrangement
`
`
`
`- 7 -
`
`
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1036, p. 7
`
`

`

`JEITA CP-3451
`4.5 Basic Structure of Image Data
`
`4.5.1 Basic Structure of Primary Image Data
`Image data employs following existing image formats, depending on the image data type:
`
`• RGB uncompressed data: Baseline TIFF Rev. 6.0 RGB Full Color Images,
`
`• YCbCr uncompressed data: TIFF Rev. 6.0 Extensions YCbCr Images,
`
`• JPEG compressed data: JPEG Baseline ADCT.
`
`For compressed data, the attribute information required by the DSC application shall be recorded in APP1. Data
`writing in APP1 shall be compatible with TIFF. The use of a common method of storing attribute information for both
`compressed and uncompressed data results in a simpler format, while the ability to add private tags for additional
`information takes advantage of the extensibility of the tag mechanism.
`
`4.5.2 Basic Structure of Uncompressed RGB Data
`Uncompressed RGB data is recorded in conformance with Baseline TIFF Rev. 6.0 RGB Full Color Color Images.
`
`Attribute information is recorded in tags specified in TIFF Rev. 6.0. Attribute information specific to Exif is recorded
`using private tags reserved in TIFF for this standard. The private tags point to sets of this attribute information (Exif
`IFD).
`
`Files are structured as follows (see Figure 5). As in the TIFF standard, the recording location of each IFD value is
`not specified:
`
`• File Header,
`
`• 0th IFD,
`
`• 0th IFD Value,
`
`• 1st IFD,
`
`• 1st IFD Value,
`
`• 1st (Thumbnail) Image Data,
`
`• 0th (Primary) Image Data.
`
`
`
`
`
`- 8 -
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1036, p. 8
`
`

`

`JEITA CP-3451
`
`TIFF Header
`ImageWidth
`................
`
`0th IFD for
`Primary Image
`Data
`
`StripOffsets
`............... .
`
`Exif IFD Pointer
`
`GPS IFD Pointer
`Next IFD Pointer
`.... Value of 0th IFD ....
`Exif Version
`Exif IFD
`(Exif Private Tag)
`
`DateTimeDigitized
`
`............... .
`
`... Value of Exif IFD ....
`GPS Version
`GPS IFD
`(GPS Info Tag)
`...............
`
`.... Value of GPS IFD ....
`ImageWidth
`1st IFD for
`Thumbnail Data
`...............
`
`StripOffsets
`...............
`
`... Value of 1st IFD ...
`Thumbnail Data
`
`Primary Image
`Data
`
`Strip 1
`Strip 2
`.........
`Strip L
`
`Figure 5 Basic Structure of Uncompressed Data Files
`
`
`File Headers are 8 bytes as defined in the TIFF standard, with the Offset of IFD indicating the start address of the
`0th IFD (see Table 1).
`
`The 0th IFD Offset of Next IFD indicates the start address of the 1st IFD (thumbnail images). When the 1st IFD is
`not recorded, the 0th IFD Offset of Next IFD terminates with 00000000.H.
`
`On the IFD description method see section 4.6.2.
`
`
`
`- 9 -
`
`
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1036, p. 9
`
`

`

`JEITA CP-3451
`
`
`Table 1 TIFF Headers
`
`Name
`
`Size (Bytes)
`
`Byte Order
`
`42
`
`Offset of
`IFD
`
`2
`
`2
`
`4
`
`Value
`Written as either "II" (4949.H) (little endian) or "MM" (4D4D.H)
`(big endian) depending on the CPU of the machine doing the
`recording.
`002A.H (fixed)
`
`0th IFD offset. If the TIFF header is followed immediately by
`the 0th IFD, it is written as 00000008.H.
`
`
`
`
`4.5.3 Basic Structure of YCbCr Uncompressed Data
`YCbCr uncompressed data is recorded in conformance with TIFF Rev. 6.0 Extensions YcbCr Images. Tags for
`the following information are available for YCbCr uncompressed data in addition to the attribute information for
`RGB uncompressed data;
`
`• RGB-YCbCr color transformation matrix coefficients (YCbCrCoefficients),
`
`• Chrominance subsampling information (YCbCrSubSampling),
`
`•
`
`Information on matching/nonmatching of chrominance and luminance samples (YCbCrPositioning).
`
`The method of recording other attribute information is the same as for uncompressed RGB data (see section 4.5.2).
`
`
`
`- 10 -
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1036, p. 10
`
`

`

`4.5.4 Basic Structure of JPEG Compressed Data
`Compressed data files are recorded in conformance with the JPEG DCT format specified in ISO/IEC 10918-1, with
`the Application Market Segment (APP1) inserted. APP1 is recorded immediately after the SOI marker indicating the
`beginning of the file (see Figure 6). Multiple APP2 may be recorded as necessary, starting immediately after APP1.
`APPn other than APP1 and APP2 or COM segments are not used by Exif. However Exif readers should be
`designed skip over unknown APPn and COM.
`
`JEITA CP-3451
`
`Structure of APP1
`APP1 Marker
`APP1 Length
`Exif Identifier Code
`TIFF Header
`0th IFD
`
`0th IFD Value
`
`1st IFD
`
`1st IFD Value
`
`1st IFD Image Data
`
`Structure of Compressed file
`SOI
`Start of Image
`APP1
`Application Marker
`Segment 1
`(Exif Attribute Information)
`
`(APP2)
`
`(Application Marker
`Segment 2)
`(FlashPix Extension data)
`
`DQT
`DHT
`(DRI)
`SOF
`SOS
`
`Quantization Table
`Huffman Table
`(Restart Interval)
`Frame Header
`Scan Header
`Compressed Data
`
`EOI
`
`End of Image
`
`Figure 6 Basic Structure of Compressed Data Files
`
`
`Interoperability, APP1 consists of the APP1 marker, Exif identifier code, and the attribute information itself. The size
`of APP1 including all these elements shall not exceed the 64 Kbytes specified in the JPEG standard.
`
`Attribute information is stored in TIFF structure including a File Header, with a maximum of two IFD (0th IFD, 1st
`IFD). The 0th IFD records attribute information concerning the compressed image (primary image). The 1st IFD
`may be used to record a thumbnail image. For details see section 4.7.2.
`
`APP2 consists of the APP2 marker, FPXR (Flashpix Ready) identifier code, and contents list for Flashpix extension
`recording, or stream data. A string of multiple APP2 marker segments may be used to record data exceeding 64
`Kbytes. For details see section 4.7.3.
`
`
`
`
`
`- 11 -
`
`
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1036, p. 11
`
`

`

`JEITA CP-3451
`4.5.5 Basic Structure of Thumbnail Data
`Thumbnail data is recorded in the 1st IFD similarly to primary images, using two existing image formats.
`
`No limit is placed on the size of thumbnail images. Thumbnails are not mandatory, but it is recommended that they
`be recorded if possible, unless hardware or other restrictions preclude this.
`
`Thumbnail data does not necessarily have to adopt the same data structure as that used for primary images. If,
`however, the primary images are recorded as uncompressed RGB data or as uncompressed YCbCr data,
`thumbnail images cannot be recorded as JPEG compressed data (see Table 2).
`
`Table 2 Combinations of primary image and thumbnail data structures
`
`
`
`Thumbnail
`
`
`Uncompressed
`Compressed
`
`
`Primary Image
`Uncompressed
`Compressed
`Possible
`Possible
`Not possible
`Possible
`
`
`
`
`When thumbnails are recorded in uncompressed format, they are to be recorded in the 1st IFD in conformance with
`Baseline TIFF Rev. 6.0 RGB Full Color Images or TIFF Rev. 6.0 Extensions YCbCr Images.
`
`An Exif-specific recording method is used to record compressed thumbnails.
`
`In this case the Compression tag value is set to "6" and tags