Aperture 3 User Manual: Welcome to Aperture
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`9/28/21 11:58 AM
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`Welcome to Aperture
`Aperture is a powerful and easy-to-use digital image management system that can track thousands of
`digital images and provides the avid photographer with high-quality image management and adjustment
`tools.
`With Aperture, you can efficiently import digital images, perform a photo edit, adjust and retouch
`images, publish images for the web or print, export libraries for use on other Aperture systems, merge
`libraries, and back up your entire image library for safekeeping. Aperture lets you work with high-quality
`JPEG, TIFF, and RAW image files—and even HD video files—directly from your camera or card reader and
`maintain that high quality throughout your workflow.
`
`Copyright © 2009 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
`
`file:///Applications/Aperture.app/Contents/Resources/English.lproj/aperture_help/en/aperture/usermanual/index.html
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`Aperture 3 User Manual: About Aperture
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`9/28/21 11:59 AM
`
`About Aperture
`Designed for the needs of professional photographers, Aperture is a photo editing and management tool
`that provides:
`An advanced RAW workflow: From capture to output, you can work with your images captured as RAW
`files, without having to first convert them to another format before viewing, adjusting, organizing, or
`printing them. Aperture supports RAW formats from leading digital camera manufacturers, including
`Canon and Nikon.
`Flexible image management: An open library structure lets you store photos, audio clips, and video
`clips anywhere you want. You can have Aperture store image, audio, and video files in the library or
`simply link to the files in their current locations. You can also have Aperture link to your iPhoto library
`without copying the images into the Aperture library. Aperture can work with photos stored on any
`number of hard disk drives and other storage media. You can catalog and search for images that are
`stored on multiple hard disks, including offline volumes, CDs, and DVDs.
`Professional project management: Aperture allows you to manage thousands of projects and provides
`flexible organizational tools, comprehensive metadata support, and powerful search tools that let you
`find files instantly. You can export any part of your library, make changes to it on a second Aperture
`system, and then merge it back into the library of your primary Aperture system.
`Nondestructive image processing: Designed to protect your images from the moment they’re
`imported, Aperture identifies your original images as digital “masters” and has built-in safeguards to
`help ensure that you don’t accidentally overwrite or modify them.
`Versatile printing and publishing: Working directly with your RAW images, you can create color-
`accurate prints, custom contact sheets, stunning websites, and unique bound books with tools that
`are intuitive and powerful.
`Robust backup: Beginning at import, you can set Aperture to automatically back up copies of your
`image files. You can also use the Vault pane of the Library inspector to manage multiple vaults
`(containing copies of the Aperture library), which can then be stored in offsite locations, protecting
`your library of image assets in the case of a catastrophic event.
`
`Copyright © 2009 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
`
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`Aperture 3 User Manual: About the Aperture Documentation
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`9/28/21 11:59 AM
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`About the Aperture Documentation
`Aperture comes with various documents that provide detailed information about using the application.
`Aperture 3 User Manual: This comprehensive document describes the Aperture interface, commands,
`and menus and gives step-by-step instructions for creating Aperture libraries and for accomplishing
`specific tasks. It is written for users of all levels of experience. The Aperture 3 User Manual is available
`in Aperture Help (in Aperture, choose Help > Aperture Help).
`Note: This manual is not intended to be a complete guide to the art of photography. Much of the
`photography-specific information presented here is very general in nature and is supplied to provide a
`context for the terminology used when describing Aperture functions.
`Exploring Aperture: This document provides a quick introduction to the main features of Aperture. A
`PDF version of the printed Exploring Aperture manual is available in Aperture Help.
`Aperture 3 Keyboard Shortcuts: This document provides keyboard shortcuts you can use to perform
`tasks in Aperture. A PDF version of the printed Aperture 3 Keyboard Shortcuts card is available in
`Aperture Help.
`
`Copyright © 2009 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
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`Aperture 3 User Manual: Additional Resources
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`Additional Resources
`Along with the documentation that comes with Aperture, there are a variety of other resources you can
`use to find out more about Aperture.
`Aperture Websites
`For general information and updates, as well as the latest news on Aperture, go to:
`http://www.apple.com/aperture
`For a list of online video tutorials, go to:
`http://www.apple.com/aperture/howto
`For a list of online resources, including third-party training materials, go to:
`http://www.apple.com/aperture/resources
`Apple Service and Support Websites
`For software updates and answers to the most frequently asked questions for all Apple products, go to
`the general Apple Support webpage. You’ll also have access to product specifications, reference
`documentation, and Apple and third-party product technical articles.
`http://www.apple.com/support
`For software updates, documentation, discussion forums, and answers to the most frequently asked
`questions for Aperture, go to:
`http://www.apple.com/support/aperture
`For discussion forums specific to Aperture, where you can search for an answer, post your question, or
`answer other users’ questions, go to:
`http://discussions.apple.com
`To provide comments and feedback about Aperture, go to:
`http://www.apple.com/feedback/aperture.html
`
`Copyright © 2009 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
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`Aperture 3 User Manual: An Overview of Aperture
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`9/28/21 11:59 AM
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`An Overview of Aperture
`Aperture is designed to be the center of your digital photography workflow, from capturing new images
`to the final delivery of professional-quality photographs. You can also use Aperture to organize your
`audio and video clips for use with multimedia slideshow presentations, share photos with social
`networking websites, and publish photos on your personal website.
`This chapter provides an overview of how Aperture works and what you can do with it. However, this
`chapter doesn’t provide all the detailed information and instructions needed to perform work on your
`images. If you’re new to Aperture, this chapter is for you. If you’re familiar with the Aperture features
`and interface, feel free to skip this chapter. Once you’re familiar with Aperture, you’ll find in-depth
`explanations and instructions in later chapters.
`
`Copyright © 2009 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
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`Aperture 3 User Manual: A First Look at Aperture
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`A First Look at Aperture
`When you first open Aperture, you see the following areas:
`
`Note: Because you can customize the toolbar, adding and deleting buttons and controls, your toolbar
`may look different from the one pictured in this manual. For more information about changing the
`toolbar, see “Customizing the Toolbar.”
`After you import images into projects, your screen will look similar to this:
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`Aperture 3 User Manual: A First Look at Aperture
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`About the Aperture Sample Library
`The Aperture installation disc includes a sample library with several projects containing high-
`resolution images. You can import the sample library into your existing Aperture library from the
`Aperture installation disc at any time after installing the application.
`
`Copyright © 2009 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
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`Aperture 3 User Manual: Creating Projects and Importing Your Photos
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`9/28/21 12:00 PM
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`Creating Projects and Importing Your Photos
`To use Aperture, you first import your photos. You can import digital photos directly from your camera
`or a card reader and from hard disks or other storage devices where you’ve archived digital files. After a
`shoot, you can connect your digital camera or card reader to your computer and Aperture automatically
`detects it. You can then easily import your new images into Aperture.
`Aperture automatically imports any audio attachments associated with your image files, provided they
`have the same filename. In addition to importing photos into Aperture, you can also import QuickTime-
`compatible audio and video files.
`
`Copyright © 2009 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
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`Aperture 3 User Manual: Creating Projects
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`9/28/21 12:00 PM
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`Creating Projects
`As you work with Aperture, you create projects to hold your images. A project is similar to a folder that
`can hold dozens, hundreds, or even thousands of images. For example, after completing a shoot of a
`foot race in Antarctica, you might create a new project named Antarctica and import the photos into it.
`When you need to further subdivide and organize images in a project, you can create albums.
`Your new project appears in a list in the Library inspector.
`
`As your portfolio increases and you create more and more projects, you can organize your work into
`hierarchies of folders, projects, and albums.
`You can create as many projects as you need and name them according to any naming scheme you
`prefer. It’s important to name projects so that they are easy to identify and access.
`Over the long term you may be using Aperture to track years of projects, so you’ll want to develop a
`naming system that is easy to use and understand. For more information about organizing your images
`in projects and albums, see “Working with the Aperture Library.”
`
`Copyright © 2009 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
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`Aperture 3 User Manual: Viewing Projects in Projects View
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`9/28/21 12:00 PM
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`Viewing Projects in Projects View
`Aperture organizes the images in your library using projects. Projects view provides a convenient way to
`visually review the projects in your library. When you select Projects in the Library inspector, the Aperture
`main window switches to Projects view. Each project is represented by a single image, but you can move
`the pointer over each project to reveal all the images in the project in succession.
`You can choose one image per project to appear as the “key photo” when reviewing your projects in
`Projects view. You can also have Aperture group the projects according to either the year the images
`were taken or the folder each project resides in.
`
`For more information about Projects view, see “Working in Projects View.”
`
`Copyright © 2009 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
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`Aperture 3 User Manual: Working with the Aperture Trash
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`9/28/21 12:00 PM
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`Working with the Aperture Trash
`As you delete versions, masters, projects, folders, and albums in Aperture, they are placed in the
`Aperture Trash. The Aperture Trash acts as a container of final review. When you empty the Aperture
`Trash, its contents are removed from Aperture.
`
`For more information about working with the Trash, see “Working with the Aperture Trash.”
`
`Copyright © 2009 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
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`Aperture 3 User Manual: Importing Images with the Import Browser
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`9/28/21 12:00 PM
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`Importing Images with the Import Browser
`When you connect a digital camera or card reader to your computer, the Import pane and Import browser
`appear. You can select your camera or card reader and see the images you’re about to import. You can
`select and import all the images or only those you want. You can also select image files on your hard
`disk for importing.
`
`After you select the images you want to import, you can specify options for importing your images. For
`example, you can specify that your images be imported into the Aperture library file in the Pictures
`folder, or you can choose another location in which to store them. If you have images already stored on a
`hard disk, you can simply allow Aperture to access them without changing their current location. You can
`choose how images are named and include other information that is recorded with each image to help
`identify it. For example, you can specify the event name, date, time, photographer, location, and
`copyright information.
`You can also specify other import options, such as whether you want Aperture to group related images
`together in stacks. For example, if you have bracketed images or images shot in quick succession, you
`can have Aperture import these images and stack them together to make reviewing and working with
`them easier.
`
`Copyright © 2009 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
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`Aperture 3 User Manual: Importing Files from Your Body of Work
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`9/28/21 12:00 PM
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`Importing Files from Your Body of Work
`You can easily import your collection of archived digital images into Aperture from any hard disk or
`storage device connected to your computer. When importing legacy images from your portfolio, you can
`move them into the main Aperture library, or you can simply identify where the images are located, and
`Aperture adds them to its management system without changing the image locations. This means that
`you can use Aperture to work with your images in their current organization and on multiple hard disks,
`without relocating or reorganizing your files. You can also move or copy images to new locations when
`needed.
`Aperture can also import your iPhoto library and files stored in a variety of common file types and
`formats, including:
`DNG
`GIF
`JPEG
`PNG
`PSD
`RAW files from a variety of supported digital cameras
`TIFF
`Note: For a list of supported digital cameras, go to http://www.apple.com/aperture/specs.
`In addition to importing digital image files, Aperture can also import any QuickTime-compatible media
`file, such as an audio or video file. For more information, see “Importing Images.”
`
`Copyright © 2009 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
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`Aperture 3 User Manual: Photo Editing with Aperture
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`9/28/21 12:00 PM
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`Photo Editing with Aperture
`Aperture allows you to easily view and work with your images onscreen. It provides easy-to-use tools
`and controls, as well as efficient methods for rating images, searching for images, and comparing and
`adjusting images.
`
`Copyright © 2009 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
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`Aperture 3 User Manual: Viewing and Working with Images
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`9/28/21 12:00 PM
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`Viewing and Working with Images
`To work with your images, you select a project in the Library inspector and Aperture displays that
`project’s images in the Browser. You use the Browser to review, organize, and select images. You can
`display the Browser only or display the Browser and a Viewer that shows images in detail.
`When you select a thumbnail image in the Browser, the image appears in the Viewer.
`
`The Browser can display your images as thumbnails arranged as a row in a filmstrip or as a grid of
`thumbnails appearing in rows and columns. You can click an individual image to select it, and a white
`border appears around the image. To quickly move to and select other images, press the arrow keys.
`You can drag images to rearrange them in the Browser, or drag them into different projects or albums.
`You can also display your images as a list of files.
`If you want to work with your images in detail, you can view them in Full Screen view.
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`Aperture 3 User Manual: Viewing and Working with Images
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`9/28/21 12:00 PM
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`To see images in Full Screen view, press F. Press F again to exit Full Screen view.
`In Full Screen view, you can change the display of images to show single images, three images, or up to
`twelve images at once. You can also set Full Screen view to show your images in three modes: Viewer,
`Browser, and Projects. Viewer mode displays your images at high resolution, allowing you to work with
`an image in fine detail while applying complex image adjustments. Browser mode is similar to the
`Browser in the Aperture main window, in that it provides controls for searching for and sorting
`thumbnail images. To switch between the Full Screen view Viewer mode and Browser mode, press V.
`
`While in Browser mode, you can enter Projects mode by clicking the Projects button at the top-left corner
`of the screen. Projects mode provides the same controls as the Projects view in the Aperture main
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`Aperture 3 User Manual: Viewing and Working with Images
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`window, but the thumbnail images representing projects are placed over a solid background. To view the
`thumbnails for a project in Browser mode, double-click the project’s thumbnail image.
`Displaying your images clearly and accurately is a pivotal function of Aperture. Aperture allows you to
`take advantage of the latest display technology and view and work with your images in Full Screen view
`and on multiple displays.
`Using Aperture with two displays is ideal for creating a large workspace. You can easily compare and
`adjust images, play slideshows, and present the best of your photos at optimal size during client
`reviews.
`For more information about using Full Screen view, see “Viewing Images in Full Screen View.”
`
`Copyright © 2009 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
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`Aperture 3 User Manual: Using Multi-Touch Trackpad Gestures with Aperture
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`9/28/21 12:01 PM
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`Using Multi-Touch Trackpad Gestures with Aperture
`If your portable computer has a Multi-Touch trackpad, you can use Multi-Touch trackpad gestures when
`working with Aperture. For example, when working with images in the Browser, you can use the rotate
`gesture to rotate images and the swipe gesture to select a different image. In addition to using the
`standard trackpad gestures used with Mac portable computers, you can also use Multi-Touch trackpad
`gestures with the following Aperture features.
`
`Feature
`Browser in grid view
`
`Browser in list view
`
`Browser in filmstrip view (Split View
`layout) and filmstrip in Full Screen view
`(Viewer mode)
`
`Light Table
`
`Book Layout Editor
`
`Slideshows
`
`Loupe tool
`
`Crop tool
`Straighten tool
`
`Multi-Touch trackpad gestures
`Use the pinch gesture to change the size of thumbnails in the Browser.
`Use the rotate gesture to rotate the image beneath the pointer.
`Use the swipe gesture to select a different image.
`Use the pinch gesture to change the size of thumbnails in the Browser.
`Use the swipe gesture to select a different image.
`Use the pinch gesture to change the size of thumbnails in the Browser or the
`filmstrip.
`Use the rotate gesture to rotate the image beneath the pointer.
`Use the swipe gesture to select a different image.
`Use the pinch gesture to zoom in to or out of the Light Table or to change
`the size of the image beneath the pointer.
`Use the pinch gesture to zoom in to or out of the selected page or resize the
`object beneath the pointer on the page. (The Edit Layout button must be
`selected to resize objects on the page.)
`Use the rotate gesture to rotate objects. You can also hold down the Shift
`key as you use the rotate gesture to restrict rotation to 15-degree
`increments.
`Use the swipe gesture to change pages.
`Use the swipe gesture to display the next or previous slide during a
`slideshow.
`Use the pinch gesture to change the Loupe size. (As with previous versions
`of Aperture, you can also use the scroll gesture to change the Loupe
`magnification.)
`Use the pinch gesture to create a crop selection and change its size.
`Use the rotate gesture to change the amount of image rotation.
`
`For more information about working with a Multi-Touch trackpad, see Mac Help.
`
`Copyright © 2009 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
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`Aperture 3 User Manual: Working with Heads-Up Displays
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`9/28/21 12:01 PM
`
`Working with Heads-Up Displays
`To work efficiently in Aperture, you can use floating windows of controls called heads-up displays
`(HUDs) to modify images. For example, when you view images in Aperture in Full Screen view, you can
`open an Inspector HUD to adjust your images. Holding down the Shift key while performing an
`adjustment temporarily hides the Inspector HUD, giving you an unobstructed view of your image as you
`adjust it.
`
`As you work on your images, you can position HUDs anywhere on the screen and use them to make
`changes. For example, Aperture provides a Keywords HUD that you can use to quickly assign keywords
`to your images. To assign a keyword, you simply drag it from the Keywords HUD to the image.
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`Aperture 3 User Manual: Working with Heads-Up Displays
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`Copyright © 2009 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
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`9/28/21 12:01 PM
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`Aperture 3 User Manual: Working with Inspectors
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`9/28/21 12:01 PM
`
`Working with Inspectors
`Aperture provides a Library inspector for organizing your photos, audio clips, and video clips; an
`Adjustments inspector for applying adjustments; and a Metadata inspector that allows you to review
`metadata and assign it to your images. You can show or hide each inspector by clicking the appropriate
`tab at the top of the Inspector pane or pressing the W key. Showing the inspectors is as easy as pressing
`the I key.
`
`Copyright © 2009 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
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`Aperture 3 User Manual: Rating Images with Aperture
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`9/28/21 12:01 PM
`
`Rating Images with Aperture
`You can rate images as you review them in the Viewer, in the Browser, and in the Full Screen view Viewer
`and Browser modes. By selecting an image and pressing a number key from 0 to 5, you can quickly give
`the image a rating from one to five stars (with five stars being the highest, or Select, rating). You can
`also rate an image as rejected by pressing the 9 key. Image ratings appear as easy-to-read overlays on
`the image. Controls for assigning ratings also appear in the Metadata inspector and the control bar, if
`you prefer to use them.
`
`Once images are rated, you can have Aperture display only images of a certain rating, so you can focus
`on a particular group of images. For more information about rating your images, see “Rating Images.”
`
`Copyright © 2009 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
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`Aperture 3 User Manual: Finding and Displaying Images with the Filter HUD
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`9/28/21 12:01 PM
`
`Finding and Displaying Images with the Filter HUD
`You can use the Filter HUD to search for and display only certain photos in a project or album. Click the
`Filter HUD button beside the search field in the Browser, and the Filter HUD appears. In the Filter HUD,
`you can specify a combination of search criteria to locate the photos you want to work with.
`
`You can enter any search criteria to display specific images. You can also display images based on
`rating, color label, date when shot, keywords, applied adjustments, flagged status, or import group.
`After you specify the search criteria, Aperture displays only those images that match the criteria and
`hides the rest. For more information about searching for images, see “Searching for and Displaying
`Images.”
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`Copyright © 2009 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
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`Aperture 3 User Manual: Comparing Photos
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`Comparing Photos
`Aperture allows you to carefully compare images. You select a “compare” image, and Aperture displays it
`for comparison against other images in a selection.
`
`While comparing images, you can rate the selected images or make adjustments to them. For example,
`you might use the comparison method to make final selections of the best images in a series. Or, you
`might compare two versions of an image and make adjustments.
`
`Copyright © 2009 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
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`Aperture 3 User Manual: Stacking Images
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`Stacking Images
`Photographers frequently work with large selections of images. To help you work efficiently with a series
`of shots, such as bracketed shots or shots taken in quick succession, Aperture can automatically stack
`related shots. You can also select and manually stack related shots yourself and review them for a “pick,”
`the image that you intend to use.
`
`Once photos are in a stack, you can work with the stack as if it were a single image instead of many
`individual photos. A stack appears as a series of linked photos in the Browser. The pick of the stack
`appears on the left with a Stack button. You can drag an image in the stack into the pick position. By
`clicking the Stack button, you can close the stack so that only the pick image appears. You can then
`work with the single pick image without the encumbrance of the other stacked photos. You can expand a
`stack to see all its images whenever you like.
`
`Working with stacks can greatly increase the efficiency of reviewing large collections of photos. For more
`information about working with stacks of images, see “Stacking Images and Making Picks.”
`
`Copyright © 2009 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
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`Aperture 3 User Manual: Assigning Keywords to Images
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`Assigning Keywords to Images
`For any photographer who needs a means to easily locate specific images among thousands, the careful
`assignment of keywords is critical. Applying keywords is also required if you plan to sell images to image
`libraries, such as iStockphoto or Getty Images.
`You can use Aperture to assign keywords to images using standard IPTC fields (the standard metadata
`fields defined by the International Press Telecommunications Council). You can also select images and
`assign keywords that you define.
`You can display images in the Viewer with their version names and any assigned keywords appearing on
`or below the image.
`
`The Keywords HUD lists all the keyword categories and keywords that you define. For example, if you
`shoot weddings, you might create a wedding category with specific keywords that include Candid,
`Ceremony, Guests, and so on.
`
`You can apply a keyword directly to a selected image or group of images by dragging it from the
`Keywords HUD to the selection in the Viewer or Browser.
`You can also show keyword controls in the control bar at the bottom of the Aperture main window by
`choosing Window > Show Keyword Controls.
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`Aperture 3 User Manual: Assigning Keywords to Images
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`Using these simple controls, you can display different categories of keywords and easily apply those
`keywords with a quick click or keystroke.
`Your Aperture keyword scheme can ensure comprehensive accessibility to your images and even help
`with the management of your copyrights, usage rights, and sales. For more information about assigning
`keywords, see “Applying Keywords to Images.”
`
`Copyright © 2009 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
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`Aperture 3 User Manual: Organizing Photos of People with Faces
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`9/28/21 12:01 PM
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`Organizing Photos of People with Faces
`As your library of images grows, it’s difficult to keep track of who’s in each image. Instead of
`meticulously adding keywords to each image to identify the people in it, you can use Faces, the face
`detection and face recognition technology included in Aperture, to identify and track people throughout
`all the images in your library. All you have to do to get started is select an image with a person in it, click
`the Name button in the toolbar, and assign the face a name; Aperture then automatically locates other
`suggested images of that person in your library.
`
`People to whom you’ve assigned names are represented by snapshots in Faces view, which is accessed
`by selecting Faces in the Library inspector or selecting an item in the Library inspector and then clicking
`the Faces button in the toolbar. Selecting Faces in the Library inspector displays the faces of all the
`people in images in the library who have been assigned names. Selecting an item in the Library inspector
`and then clicking the Faces button in the toolbar displays the faces of all the people in the images in that
`selected item.
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